Returned samples from the Apollo and Chang’e missions provide ground truth for understanding how micrometeoroid impacts progressively modify the lunar surface. In this seminar, I present an atomistic modeling framework that combines molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of impact-driven space weathering. By connecting atomic-scale processes to the textures and chemical signatures preserved in returned samples, this work provides a predictive foundation for interpreting regolith evolution across terrains of di]erent ages and compositions. These insights directly support the scientific goals of upcoming Artemis III Geology Team sample return missions, helping to contextualize new samples, constrain surface exposure histories, and assess volatile stability on the Moon and other airless bodies.