The Brahmaputra River Basin (BRB), located in the Indian subcontinent, home to over 80 million people, is shaped by complex hydrogeologic and tectono-geomorphic dynamics. BRB particularly influenced by the Himalayan and Naga Hill orogeny and Indian monsoon, apart from other regional factors. This study explores the interplay between basin hydrology, geomorphology, governance, and community perspectives across spatial, temporal, and even conceptual scales. It highlights key challenges like flooding, riverbank erosion, and sediment flux, and addresses the uncertainties linked to them. The study proposes a socio-ecological systems approach to foster adaptive management. By integrating scientific insights with indigenous knowledge, the study aims to inform sustainable policy development and local adaptation strategies within the BRB.