Much research has shown that variation in ecological processes can drive rapid evolutionary changes over periods of years to decades. Such ‘contemporary adaptation’ sets the stage for evolution to have a reciprocal influence on ecological processes and thereby instigate ongoing interactions between ecological and evolutionary forces.  The importance and generality of these ‘eco-evolutionary dynamics’ are largely unknown. Here I will present research focused on lakes in Connecticut, Wisconsin, and Alaska that demonstrates the interplay between ecology and evolution in predator-prey dynamics.  This includes research documenting predator-mediated selection on multiple mechanisms (i.e., phenotypic plasticity, life history evolution, transgenerational plasticity) that allow organisms to adapt and persist in the face of ongoing ecological change.  These evolutionary changes, in turn, significantly alter community and ecosystem properties.  Such results argue that eco-evolutionary dynamics need to be considered to predict future responses to anthropogenic change.