Dhongde measured the quality of life among older Americans using a multidimensional well-being index she pioneered. For this study, Dhongde weighed four factors: income, housing costs, disabilities, and digital access. 

“Disadvantages tend to overlap, and their cumulative effects can be more severe than experiencing each one on its own,” Dhongde said. “By weighing them together, policymakers can identify people experiencing clusters of disadvantages and provide more targeted interventions.”

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