{"691679":{"#nid":"691679","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Why the Data Behind a Part Now Matters as Much as the Part Itself ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECounterfeit and out-of-spec components are entering U.S. defense supply chains through thousands of small and midsized suppliers that make up the lower tiers of the industrial base. Researchers at the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/manufacturing.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Manufacturing Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTMI) say the fix isn\u0027t just better parts, but better proof: verified digital records, secured against tampering, that travel with each component from raw material to installation.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA landmark 2012 \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.armed-services.senate.gov\/press-releases\/senate-armed-services-committee-releases-report-on-counterfeit-electronic-parts\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESenate Armed Services Committee investigation\u003C\/a\u003E documented 1,800 cases involving more than 1 million suspect counterfeit electronic parts in the defense supply chain, traced to more than 650 companies relying on their own unvetted networks of distributors and brokers. In one case, parts changed hands five times before reaching a Raytheon subcontractor.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Pentagon has separately estimated that \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.trentonsystems.com\/en-us\/resource-hub\/blog\/10-shocking-facts-counterfeit-electronics\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eup to 15%\u003C\/a\u003E of the spare and replacement electronic parts it buys are counterfeit. Without verification built into the supply chain, officials warn, a single bad part, or a single exposed manufacturing controller, can compromise a weapons system or halt a production line. That risk hasn\u0027t eased: a \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/gao-25-107283\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E2025 Government Accountability Office report\u003C\/a\u003E found that Department of Defense now depends on more than 200,000 suppliers, and a deeper look at the MQ-9 Reaper drone\u0027s supply chain found Chinese components at the lower tiers despite U.S.- and Europe-based top-tier suppliers.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EManufacturers are adopting a QR-coded digital record, sometimes called a digital passport, that documents a part\u0027s full production history and can be scanned at any point in the supply chain. According to GTMI Executive Director \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/expert\/tom-kurfess\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ETom Kurfess\u003C\/a\u003E, a member of the National Academy of Engineering who previously oversaw federal manufacturing R\u0026amp;D policy at the White House, the core requirement of this digital infrastructure is straightforward: apart must prove it is what it claims to be.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022I am not a counterfeit part; I was made according to specifications, and you can insert me into that jet engine with high confidence that I\u0027m going to perform as specified,\u0022 Kurfess said, describing what the scan of a digital passport for a replacement jet engine turbine blade needs to confirm before it goes into an F-35.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow the Tracking Works\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile a fighter jet represents the apex of tracking stakes, Kurfess notes that the underlying infrastructure is already proven on much more ordinary assembly lines. He points to a plumbing fixture plant near Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, where every unit carries a QR code that pulls up the humidity conditions during manufacturing, the processing steps, and who worked on the part. Defense components use the same method, where an untraced failure carries far higher stakes.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe technology itself is cost-effective. Shops have swapped standard calipers for Bluetooth-enabled versions that cost only a few dollars more, Kurfess said. Paired with a smartphone or tablet and a cloud account, those calipers automatically and securely feed measurements into a spreadsheet rather than a handwritten log, building a documentation record for every part in a batch.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Before shipping it off, you essentially signal that you are ready. You click the print button, and a QR code prints out to go right on the shipping bin,\u0022 Kurfess said. \u0022Whoever receives that bin, whether a commercial OEM or a defense prime, scans the code and can pull up the part\u2019s full record.\u201d The same approach covers more complex components. Electric motors built for the automotive industry now upload test-stand performance data to the cloud before shipping; once installed, a vehicle\u0027s control system scans the motor\u0027s passport and calibrates accordingly, Kurfess said. On automotive assembly lines, cameras and scanners verify that every part in a kit is present before workers seal and code it, catching shortages before they halt the production line.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor defense suppliers, Kurfess said the documentation lets prime contractors, and the Department of Defense confirm that a part meets specifications and traces it through its full production history. \u0022We know it\u0027s a good blade, and you can insert it into the F-35,\u0022 he said. \u0022We can track all of it.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Cybersecurity Risk\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat documentation only works if the underlying systems stay secure. \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/directory\/saman-zonouz\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESaman Zonouz\u003C\/a\u003E, associate professor in the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/scp.cc.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESchool of Cybersecurity and Privacy\u003C\/a\u003E and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EElectrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E, said manufacturing is one of 16 sectors the Department of Homeland Security, through the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) classifies as \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cisa.gov\/topics\/critical-infrastructure-security-and-resilience\/critical-infrastructure-sectors\/critical-manufacturing-sector\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ecritical infrastructure\u003C\/a\u003E, dependent on energy and water to operate while other sectors depend on it in turn.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHis research shows adversaries can insert what his team calls \u0022logic bombs\u0022 into design files: code that leaves a manufactured part looking normal until it fails on command, whether that part is a drone propeller or a power grid transformer. He also pointed to supply chain attacks, where imported machine tools arrive with vulnerable or deliberately compromised software already installed, the same pattern behind the SolarWinds breach that hit critical infrastructure nationwide.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EScanning the internet, Zonouz\u0027s team found manufacturing controllers exposed and reachable by outside actors. Manufacturing hasn\u0027t developed cybersecurity measures at the pace of sectors such as finance or energy, he said, in part because engineers built legacy equipment for reliability, not to resist a deliberate attack.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAI cuts both ways, according to Zonouz. It powers new attack-detection systems, including the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/georgiaaim.org\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EGeorgia AI in Manufacturing (Georgia AIM)\u003C\/a\u003E technology corridor, a $65 million initiative that includes a pilot project at the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ampf.research.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAdvanced Manufacturing Pilot Facility\u003C\/a\u003E to enable shops to monitor for anomalies without constant human oversight. But AI systems also introduce new, often unknown vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EZonouz encourages manufacturers to build cybersecurity into systems from the start, borrow lessons from more mature sectors already operating under frameworks such as \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nerc.com\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ENorth American Electric Reliability Corporation\u003C\/a\u003E Critical Infrastructure Protection for the power grid, and prepare for manufacturing standards, including the Department of Defense\u0027s Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification framework, to tighten over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMuch of GTMI\u0027s work runs through the small and midsized manufacturers that supply nuts, bolts, and castings to prime contractors such as Lockheed Martin and General Motors, companies that typically lack the in-house IT resources of a major OEM. Kurfess said GTMI configures the same cloud tools that automate measurement tracking to meet Department of Defense documentation and cybersecurity requirements, working directly with smaller suppliers to build that capability instead of leaving them to develop it alone.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETracking Choke Points Before They Become Failures\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe same connectivity that verifies individual parts also shows manufacturers where a supply chain is vulnerable before a disruption hits. Kurfess cites \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.library.hbs.edu\/working-knowledge\/japan-disaster-shakes-up-supply-chain-strategies\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ethe 2011 Fukushima disaster\u003C\/a\u003E, which knocked out a single Japanese plant supplying a chip used in the machine tool industry worldwide, and the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41072-025-00220-4\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ECovid-era shipping container shortage\u003C\/a\u003E that forced companies to truck castings across the country when no containers were available at U.S. ports for shipping via rail. Mapping a supply chain in both directions, he said, reveals where a single supplier, region, or disruptive event such as inclement weather or a power outage could stop production.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKurfess compares GTMI\u0027s approach to \u0022being the Google Maps for manufacturing,\u0022 using real-time connectivity to flag bottlenecks and reroute them in the best possible manner. That logic also drives GTMI\u0027s push for distributed manufacturing: spreading production of a component, such as electric vehicle motors, across many smaller regional plants instead of one large facility so a local disruption can\u0027t affect the whole chain. \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.fis.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EGTMI\u0027s Factory Information Systems Center\u003C\/a\u003E builds the secure supply chain architectures and machine-to-cloud connectivity behind that work.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/users\/chris-gaffney\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EChris Gaffney\u003C\/a\u003E, managing director of Georgia Tech\u0027s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.scl.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESupply Chain and Logistics Institute\u003C\/a\u003E, reached a similar conclusion in a \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/news.research.gatech.edu\/2026\/06\/23\/logistics-transition-what-know-what-watch-and-how-keep-moving\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EJune 2026 research brief\u003C\/a\u003E, calling cyberattacks on physical supply chains \u0022a defining executive risk\u0022 and trusted operational data possibly \u0022the most valuable\u0022 asset a supply chain organization holds.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EVerifying Quality Without Shipping Parts Across the Country\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTMI is applying AI directly to quality verification at its \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ampf.research.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAdvanced Manufacturing Pilot Facility (AMPF)\u003C\/a\u003E, where manufacturers can build and verify a part under one roof instead of shipping it elsewhere for testing. \u0022Right now, in manufacturing, a piece of equipment, a turbine rotor blade, for example, is created in one place, then sent somewhere else for testing,\u0022 said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.mse.gatech.edu\/people\/aaron-stebner\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAaron Stebner\u003C\/a\u003E, an associate professor who leads AMPF\u0027s work under the Georgia AIM initiative. \u0022Often it goes across the country to check its interior structure, then is shipped to a second location to test its chemical composition.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAMPF\u0027s connected machines \u0022talk\u0022 to each other using AI and a knowledge management system, verifying a part\u2019s material composition and durability as it\u0027s made rather than after the fact, so manufacturers can confirm they\u0027re building what they intend to build without shipping delays. \u0022No other facility in the nation is built to do this autonomously,\u0022 Stebner said. \u0022Georgia Tech will be the first.\u0022 GTMI is also opening AMPF to remote materials research through a new AI-driven cloud lab (see sidebar).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGTMI\u0027s Role\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKurfess and Zonouz both credited close collaboration between manufacturing and cybersecurity researchers at Georgia Tech, including a dedicated School of Cybersecurity and Privacy, as the basis for GTMI\u0027s work in this area. That collaboration drives research into cyber-secure manufacturing platforms designed with security built in from the outset, and AMPF gives those systems a place to run on production-scale equipment.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKurfess said the next test is scale: whether digital passports, secure cloud tracking, and AI-verified quality checks can move from a handful of pilot programs and flagship facilities to the thousands of small shops that make up the defense industrial base. The technology, from Bluetooth calipers to readily available and cost-effective cloud accounts, is already cheap enough that cost isn\u0027t the barrier. What remains is installing, securing, and standardizing those tools across a supply chain that still runs largely on paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo learn more about how GTMI can help defense manufacturers build supply chain resilience, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/manufacturing.gatech.edu\/engage\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/manufacturing.gatech.edu\/engage\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E# # #\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGTMI to Build AI-Driven Cloud Lab for Remote Materials Research\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech is building a Programmable Cloud Laboratory that will let researchers across the country direct materials experiments at the Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute\u0027s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ampf.research.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAdvanced Manufacturing Pilot Facility (AMPF)\u003C\/a\u003E without traveling on-site. The National Science Foundation is funding the project with $18.1 million as part of a planned national network of 20 AI-enabled cloud labs.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers will submit a request, and AI agents will translate it into a detailed workflow, coordinating robots, equipment, and data collection across the facility. \u0022Researchers can ask a question, have work recommended by AI agents, have experiments carried out at the facility using robotics, and get the results back,\u0022 said Aaron Stebner, GTMI associate director, Eugene C. Gwaltney Jr. Chair, and James R. and Sarah R. Borders Faculty Fellow in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering. \u0022They can use AMPF resources to advance their own research without having to be experts in each piece of equipment or send students to AMPF for weeks at a time.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAMPF is approaching autonomous workflow capability across about 38 of its 160 pieces of equipment. The cloud lab aims to push that past 100. \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/users\/pascal-van-hentenryck\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EPascal Van Hentenryck\u003C\/a\u003E, director of the NSF AI Institute for Advances in Optimization, said the system will rely on digital twins, virtual models of the facility, to plan and monitor experiments, and will improve its scheduling and machine tuning as it learns from each run.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project also integrates Duke University\u0027s Automatic FLOW for Materials Discovery platform and a knowledge and data management platform from \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.contextualize.us.com\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EContextualize\u003C\/a\u003E to connect researchers, instruments, and IT systems across the network. Organizers expect more than 400 users from 150 academic, industry, and government institutions, with more than half participating remotely.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETom Kurfess, GTMI\u0027s executive director, said the lab will let industry partners test new ideas before committing to large-scale deployment. \u0022This initiative will shorten development cycles and make it easier to bring promising technologies into production, enabling our partners and us to innovate at the speed of thought,\u0022 he said.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"GTMI researchers say digital passports and secure-by-design manufacturing are closing gaps in defense supply chains. "}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers are working to make U.S. manufacturing and defense supply chains more secure and resilient by combining digital part tracking, cybersecurity, AI-enabled quality verification, and real-time supply chain monitoring.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech researchers are working to make U.S. manufacturing and defense supply chains more secure and resilient by combining digital part tracking, cybersecurity, AI-enabled quality verification, and real-time supply chain monitoring."}],"uid":"36757","created_gmt":"2026-08-14 13:08:23","changed_gmt":"2026-08-14 19:52:15","author":"ychernet3","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"680876":{"id":"680876","type":"image","title":"Will Huggins Image","body":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech doctoral candidate Will Huggins presents findings of an AMPF case study featuring the manufacture and repair of high-value parts used by the railway industry.\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1786715691","gmt_created":"2026-08-14 13:54:51","changed":"1786715863","gmt_changed":"2026-08-14 13:57:43","alt":"Georgia Tech doctoral candidate Will Huggins presents findings of an AMPF case study","file":{"fid":"265206","name":"26-R10410-P134-057.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/08\/14\/26-R10410-P134-057.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/08\/14\/26-R10410-P134-057.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2347177,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/08\/14\/26-R10410-P134-057.jpg?itok=QguEsN9A"}}},"media_ids":["680876"],"groups":[{"id":"155831","name":"Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute (GTMI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39461","name":"Manufacturing, Trade, and Logistics"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jennifer.martin@research.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EJennifer Martin\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EAssistant Director of Research Communications Services\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EWriter: Anne Wainscott-Sargent\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}