{"690016":{"#nid":"690016","#data":{"type":"news","title":"How a Lens Is Pushing the Limits of Near-Zero\u2011Power Wireless Communication to Gigabits\u2011Per\u2011Second Speeds","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EEarlier this year, Georgia Tech researchers showed that \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/news\/2026\/01\/energy-wireless-signals-could-power-smart-cities-and-ai-enabling-systems\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Especially designed lenses could harvest energy from ambient wireless signals\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, pointing toward a future of battery-free sensors embedded throughout smart cities and digital infrastructure.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut powering devices is only part of the challenge. Enabling those same systems to communicate at modern data rates is a much harder. That\u2019s the leap the team is now making. The same lens-based approach is being used to unlock high-speed communication once considered out of reach for ultra-low-power systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70454-8\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer\u0022 title=\u0022(opens in a new window)\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Estudy published in Nature Communications\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, researchers in \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/directory\/emmanouil-m-tentzeris\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProfessor Manos (Emmanouil) Tentzeris\u2019\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/athena.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAgile Technologies for High-performance Electromagnetic Novel Applications\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E (ATHENA) lab demonstrated a first-of-its-kind lens-enabled backscatter system capable of multi-gigabit data rates, reaching up to 4 gigabits per second (Gbps). At the same time, it operates using only a fraction of the power required by conventional wireless devices \u2014 bringing high-speed connectivity to systems that were never meant to support it.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor years, backscatter has been treated as a tradeoff: extremely low power, but extremely limited performance. Rather than generating its own radio signal, a backscatter device modulates and reflects existing wireless transmissions to communicate, allowing it to operate with minimal energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs a result, backscatter has typically been used only to send small amounts of data, most often in simple identification and sensing systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhat we\u2019ve shown is that backscatter doesn\u2019t have to be slow,\u201d said Marvin Joshi, the research lead and Ph.D. candidate in the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. \u201cWith the right architecture, it can operate at gigabit\u2011per\u2011second speeds while remaining ultra\u2011low power.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Ch5\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Lens That Makes It Possible\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h5\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech team\u2019s dielectric lens \u2014 similar in spirit to an optical lens \u2014 focuses incoming millimeter-wave energy onto an array of tiny antenna elements, enabling both wireless energy capture and high\u2011speed backscatter communication within the same system.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe system reshapes and reflects\u0026nbsp;existing wireless signals,\u0026nbsp;with each element modulating the reflected signal to enable high-speed data transmission without requiring a traditional transmitter.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt millimeter-wave frequencies, used by 5G and future 6G systems, there is plenty of available bandwidth, but signals at these frequencies are highly directional and sensitive to alignment.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn practice, that means even small misalignment can break the link. This has been a major limitation for real-world deployment. The lens overcomes that constraint by enabling high gain and wide angular coverage simultaneously, without the need for active beam steering.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThink of it like a camera lens for wireless signals,\u201d Tentzeris said, who is a Ed and Pat Joy Chair Professor in ECE. \u201cIt captures energy coming from many different directions and focuses it efficiently onto the device.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe result is a system that can communicate over a \u00b155-degree field of view, maintaining strong performance even when the device and the reader are not perfectly aligned.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch5\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFiber-Level Speeds, Nearly Zero Power\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h5\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn controlled experiments, the researchers achieved data rates of up to four Gbps, with sustained gigabit communication at distances of up to 20 meters, using high-order modulation schemes like those used in modern cellular networks.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor a system that doesn\u2019t generate its own signal, those numbers are unexpectedly efficient. The system operates at just 0.08 picojoules per bit \u2014 approaching million-fold improvements compared to conventional wireless radios.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cTo put that in perspective,\u201d Tentzeris said, \u201ca typical wireless transmitter burns milliwatts of power. This system operates at essentially near-zero power while pushing the data rates 1,000 times higher than what traditional backscatter could do.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETaken together, the results point to a fundamentally different class of wireless system, according to Tentzeris, one that combines high data rates with ultra-low power in a way that hasn\u2019t been demonstrated before.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBased on standard wireless modeling, the team estimates the technology could support Gbps communication over distances of kilometers when paired with existing 5G millimeter-wave infrastructure, extending high-speed, ultra-low-power links far beyond what has been achievable with backscatter systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThat combination is exactly what future wireless networks are moving toward. This capability aligns naturally with next\u2011generation 6G systems,\u201d said Tentzeris, pointing to the growing importance of Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) and Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) frameworks that require simultaneous communication, sensing, and localization.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch5\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFrom Smart Cities to Disaster Response\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h5\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut speed and efficiency are only part of the story. Because the devices are low-cost, lightweight, and printable, they could be deployed at massive scale on buildings, roads, vehicles, drones, or wearable systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a smart city, thousands of these tags could continuously exchange information about traffic, air quality, or structural health without ever needing batteries. That means dense, always-on sensing and communication without worrying about power or upkeep.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn disaster zones, temporary high-speed networks could be set up almost instantly, without cables or power infrastructure.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cImagine an ambulance transmitting high-resolution medical images in real time, or first responders building a live digital map of a disaster area,\u201d Joshi said. \u201cYou get fiber-like performance, but completely wireless and energy-efficient.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch5\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat\u2019s Next\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h5\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe architecture also lends itself to intelligent optimization, where AI-based control can be enabled to dynamically enhance signal capture and system efficiency, further expanding performance in large-scale deployments.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis is really about adding intelligence to anything, anywhere,\u201d Tentzeris said. \u201cWhen communication becomes this fast, efficient, and scalable, entirely new applications become possible.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith the core architecture now demonstrated, the ATHENA Lab team is shifting focus from proof\u2011of\u2011concept to deployment. That means moving out of the lab and into real-world environments. The next phase includes testing the system outdoors, integrating it onto drones and mobile platforms, and exploring flatter, more compact lens designs that could be easier to mount on real-world infrastructure.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019re thinking about how this fits into the broader wireless ecosystem,\u201d Joshi said. \u201cWe\u2019ve shown what\u2019s possible. Now the question is how far we can push it in the real world.\u0022\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EEmmanouil Tentzeris and Marvin Joshi\u2019s new work demonstrates how a lens\u2011enabled backscatter system can deliver modern wireless capability without traditional transmitters.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Emmanouil Tentzeris and Marvin Joshi\u2019s new work demonstrates how a lens\u2011enabled backscatter system can deliver modern wireless capability without traditional transmitters."}],"uid":"36172","created_gmt":"2026-04-24 18:52:15","changed_gmt":"2026-04-24 19:04:10","author":"dwatson71","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2026-04-24T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2026-04-24T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"680070":{"id":"680070","type":"image","title":"Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication_Cropped.jpg","body":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProfessor Emmanouil \u201cManos\u201d Tentzeris and Ph.D. student Marvin Joshi hold a lens\u2011enabled backscatter system that could support battery\u2011free wireless communication across future smart city infrastructure.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","created":"1777056803","gmt_created":"2026-04-24 18:53:23","changed":"1777056803","gmt_changed":"2026-04-24 18:53:23","alt":"Professor Emmanouil \u201cManos\u201d Tentzeris and Ph.D. student Marvin Joshi hold a lens\u2011enabled backscatter system that could support battery\u2011free wireless communication across future smart city infrastructure.","file":{"fid":"264304","name":"Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication_Cropped.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/24\/Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication_Cropped.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/24\/Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication_Cropped.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2337169,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/04\/24\/Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication_Cropped.jpg?itok=Gu4as_BP"}},"680071":{"id":"680071","type":"image","title":"In-Front-of-Emergency-Box_Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.jpg","body":"\u003Cp\u003EShown near existing campus emergency infrastructure, the lens\u2011enabled backscatter device highlights how ultra\u2011low\u2011power wireless systems could be integrated directly into everyday infrastructure without relying on batteries or wired power.\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1777056803","gmt_created":"2026-04-24 18:53:23","changed":"1777056803","gmt_changed":"2026-04-24 18:53:23","alt":"Shown near existing campus emergency infrastructure, the lens\u2011enabled backscatter device highlights how ultra\u2011low\u2011power wireless systems could be integrated directly into everyday infrastructure without relying on batteries or wired power.","file":{"fid":"264305","name":"In-Front-of-Emergency-Box_Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/24\/In-Front-of-Emergency-Box_Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/24\/In-Front-of-Emergency-Box_Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":4596093,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/04\/24\/In-Front-of-Emergency-Box_Marvin-and-Manos-Holding-Lens-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.jpg?itok=o2b8SZXE"}},"680072":{"id":"680072","type":"image","title":"Close-UP-of-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.png","body":"\u003Cp\u003EA close\u2011up view of the device displays an array of tiny antenna elements positioned behind the lens, each modulating reflected wireless signals to enable high\u2011speed communication with minimal energy use.\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1777056803","gmt_created":"2026-04-24 18:53:23","changed":"1777056803","gmt_changed":"2026-04-24 18:53:23","alt":"A close\u2011up view of the device displays an array of tiny antenna elements positioned behind the lens, each modulating reflected wireless signals to enable high\u2011speed communication with minimal energy use.","file":{"fid":"264306","name":"Close-UP-of-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/24\/Close-UP-of-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/24\/Close-UP-of-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.png","mime":"image\/png","size":9238983,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/04\/24\/Close-UP-of-Device-for-Low-Power-Communication.png?itok=EAWIcr6A"}},"680073":{"id":"680073","type":"image","title":"Lens-enabled-Backscatter-Concept-Illustration.jpg","body":"\u003Cp\u003EA concept illustration shows how the\u0026nbsp;lens-enabled system\u2019s\u0026nbsp;wide angular coverage and passive backscatter communication enable flexible deployment on moving platforms such as drones and aircraft, as well as fixed smart city infrastructure and personal devices.\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1777056803","gmt_created":"2026-04-24 18:53:23","changed":"1777056803","gmt_changed":"2026-04-24 18:53:23","alt":"A concept illustration shows how the lens-enabled system\u2019s wide angular coverage and passive backscatter communication enable flexible deployment on moving platforms such as drones and aircraft, as well as fixed smart city infrastructure and personal devices.","file":{"fid":"264307","name":"Lens-enabled-Backscatter-Concept-Illustration.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/24\/Lens-enabled-Backscatter-Concept-Illustration.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/24\/Lens-enabled-Backscatter-Concept-Illustration.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":621750,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/04\/24\/Lens-enabled-Backscatter-Concept-Illustration.jpg?itok=OfC3c6C8"}}},"media_ids":["680070","680071","680072","680073"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"195061","name":"Marvin Joshi"},{"id":"413","name":"Manos Tentzeris"},{"id":"167025","name":"ATHENA Lab"},{"id":"195062","name":"Nature 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