{"672473":{"#nid":"672473","#data":{"type":"news","title":"The Challenges of Regulating Artificial Intelligence - Cloned","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1950, Alan Turing asked, \u201cCan machines think?\u201d More than 70 years later, advancements in artificial intelligence are creating exciting possibilities and questions about its potential pitfalls.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA recent executive order issued by President Joe Biden seeks to establish \u0022new standards for AI safety and security\u0022 while addressing consumer privacy concerns and promoting innovation. Georgia Tech experts have examined the key elements of the order and offer their thoughts on its scope and what comes next.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EA Precautionary Tale\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe order calls for the development of standards, tools, and tests to ensure the safe use of AI. From voice scams and phishing campaigns to larger-scale threats, the technology\u2019s potential dangers have been widely documented. But \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/margaret-e-kosal\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EMargaret Kosal\u003C\/a\u003E, associate professor in the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts, says that additional context is often needed to dispel hysteria.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022No one is going to be hooking up AI to launch nuclear weapons, but AI capabilities may enable targeting, or enable the command and control and the decision-making time to be compressed,\u201d she said. \u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nThe order will create an AI Safety and Security Board tasked with addressing critical threats. Companies developing foundation models that \u0022pose a serious risk to national security, national economic security, or national public health and safety\u201d will be required to notify the federal government when training the model and required to share the results of all red-team safety tests \u2014 a simulated cyberattack to test a system\u0027s defenses.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESince the launch of ChatGPT in 2022, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2023\/11\/28\/ai-like-chatgpt-is-creating-huge-increase-in-malicious-phishing-email.html\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ea CNBC report\u003C\/a\u003E details a 1,267% rise in phishing emails. \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/faculty.cc.gatech.edu\/~srijan\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESrijan Kumar\u003C\/a\u003E, assistant professor in the College of Computing, attributes the increase to the technology\u0027s availability and an inability to rein in \u0022bad actors.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EHe says these scams will only continue to get more sophisticated and personalized. They \u201ccan be created by knowing what you might be willing to fall prey to versus what I might fall prey to,\u201d said Kumar, whose systems have influenced misinformation detection on sites like X (formerly Twitter) and Wikipedia. \u201cAI is not going to autonomously do all of those bad things, but this order can ensure there are consequences for people who misuse it.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EA Delicate Balance\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBuilding an AI platform requires large amounts of data regardless of its intended application. Two primary goals of the executive order are protecting privacy and advancing equity.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETo protect personal data, the order tasks Congress with evaluating how agencies collect and use commercially available information and address algorithmic discrimination.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAcknowledging that everyone should be allowed to have their voice represented in the outputs of AI data sets, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.scheller.gatech.edu\/directory\/faculty\/desai\/index.html\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EDeven Desai,\u003C\/a\u003E associate professor in the Scheller College of Business, noted, \u0022There are people who don\u0027t want to be part of data sets, which is their right, but this means their voices won\u0027t be reflected in the outputs.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe order also includes sections to address intellectual property concerns among inventors and creators, though legal challenges will likely set new precedents in the years ahead.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen that time comes, Kosal says that \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/12\/27\/business\/media\/new-york-times-open-ai-microsoft-lawsuit.html\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Edefining \u201ctheft\u201d in the context of AI becomes the true challenge\u003C\/a\u003E and that, ultimately, money will play a significant role. \u0022If you spit out a Harry Potter book and read it yourself, nobody will care. It\u0027s when you start selling it to make money, and you don\u0027t share proceeds with the original people, then it becomes an issue,\u0022 she said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EWhat Does AI-Generated Mean?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe order instructs the Department of Commerce to develop guidelines for content authentication and watermarking to label AI-generated content. Desai questions what it means for something to be truly created by AI.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAn important distinction lies between using AI to assist a writer in organizing their thoughts and using the technology to generate content. He likens the trend to the music industry in the 1980s.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Synthesizers really changed people\u0027s ability to generate music and, for a while, people thought that was horrible. They can just program the music. They\u0027re not. I am still the human responsible for that music, or that article in this case, so what is the point of the label?\u0022 he asks.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAs AI assistance becomes commonplace in content creation, trusting the source of information is increasingly important. Recently, articles published on Sports Illustrated\u0027s website \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/futurism.com\/sports-illustrated-ai-generated-writers\u0022\u003Efeatured AI-generated content\u003C\/a\u003E provided by a third-party company that had used a machine to write the content and create fake bylines. Sports Illustrated, which may not have known of the problem, ran the material without disclosure to readers. CEO Ross Levinsohn was ousted shortly after the story broke.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cPerhaps if the third party had disclosed its use of AI software, SI would have been able to assess how much AI was used and then chosen not to run the material, or to run it with a disclaimer that AI helped write the material,\u201d Desai said. \u0022Of course, even if they label the content as AI-generated, a reader still won\u0027t know exactly how much of the content came from AI or a human.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EAI and the Workforce\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAs AI systems and models become more sophisticated, workers may become more concerned about being replaced. To counteract these concerns, the order calls for a study to examine AI\u2019s potential impact on labor markets and investments in workforce training efforts.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKumar compares the rise of AI to similar technological innovations throughout history and sees it as an opportunity for workers and industries to adapt. \u0022It\u0027s less a matter of AI replacing workers and more of reskilling people to use the new technology. It\u0027s no different from when assembly lines in the auto industry were created.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EPromoting Innovation and Competition\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe power to harness the full potential of AI has initiated a race to the top. Desai believes that part of the executive order providing resources to smaller developers can help level the playing field.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022There is a possibility here for markets to open up. Current players using models that weren\u0027t built with transparency in mind might struggle, but maybe that\u0027s OK.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe issue of reliability and transparency comes into focus for Desai, especially as it relates to government usage of AI. The order calls on agencies to \u0022acquire specified AI products and services faster, more cheaply, and more effectively through more rapid and efficient contracting.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen taxpayer dollars are at stake, government can\u2019t afford to trust a technology it doesn\u2019t fully understand \u2014 a topic Desai \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2959472\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ehas explored elsewhere\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0022You can\u2019t just say, \u2018We don\u2019t know how it works, but we trust it.\u2019 That\u2019s not going to work. So that\u2019s where there may be a slowdown in the government\u2019s ability to use private sector software if they can\u2019t explain how the thing works and to show that it doesn\u2019t have discriminatory issues.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EWhat\u0027s Next\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPromoting and policing the safe use of AI cannot be done independently. Georgia Tech experts agree that participation on a global scale is necessary. To that end, the European Union will unveil its comprehensive EU AI Act, which includes a similar framework to the president\u0027s executive order.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDue to the evolving nature of AI, the executive order or the EU\u0027s actions will not be all-encompassing. Law often lags behind technology, but Kosal points out that it\u0027s crucial to think beyond what currently exists when crafting policy.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EExperts also agree that AI cannot be regulated or governed through a single document and that this order is likely the first in a series of policymaking moves. Kosal sees tremendous opportunity with the innovation surrounding AI but hopes the growing fear of its rise does not usher in another AI winter, in which interest and research funding fade.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"As innovation surrounding artificial intelligence continues, Georgia Tech experts offer their thoughts on the scope of the recent executive order and the challenges ahead in regulating AI."}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAs innovation surrounding artificial intelligence continues, Georgia Tech experts offer their thoughts on the scope of the recent executive order and the challenges ahead in regulating AI.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"As innovation surrounding artificial intelligence continues, Georgia Tech experts offer their thoughts on the scope of the recent executive order and the challenges ahead in regulating AI."}],"uid":"27513","created_gmt":"2024-01-25 20:13:51","changed_gmt":"2024-01-25 20:13:51","author":"Walter Rich","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2024-01-11T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2024-01-11T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"672744":{"id":"672744","type":"image","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Policy","body":null,"created":"1705003002","gmt_created":"2024-01-11 19:56:42","changed":"1705003002","gmt_changed":"2024-01-11 19:56:42","alt":"Artificial Intelligence and Policy","file":{"fid":"256040","name":"GettyImages-1191080384.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/11\/GettyImages-1191080384.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/11\/GettyImages-1191080384.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":15716234,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2024\/01\/11\/GettyImages-1191080384.jpg?itok=QW7a-19y"}}},"media_ids":["672744"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/news.gatech.edu\/ai-am-i","title":"AI: Am I...The Future of Artificial Intelligence at Georgia Tech"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"151","name":"Policy, Social Sciences, and Liberal Arts"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2556","name":"artificial intelligence"},{"id":"8144","name":"Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets"},{"id":"187812","name":"artificial intelligence (AI)"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"},{"id":"39511","name":"Public Service, Leadership, and Policy"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:Steven.gagliano@gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESteven Gagliano\u003C\/a\u003E - Institute Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["Steven.gagliano@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}