{"668279":{"#nid":"668279","#data":{"type":"news","title":"IceCube Detects High-Energy Neutrino Emission from Milky Way","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology Physics Professor and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics member \u003C\/span\u003EIgnacio Taboada\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E serves as spokesperson for IceCube Collaboration. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOur Milky Way galaxy is an awe-inspiring feature of the night sky, viewable with the naked eye as a horizon-to-horizon hazy band of stars. Now, for the first time, the \u003Cstrong\u003EIceCube Neutrino Observatory\u003C\/strong\u003E has produced an image of the Milky Way using neutrinos \u2014 tiny, ghostlike astronomical messengers. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn an article to be published June 30, 2023, in the journal \u003Cem\u003EScience\u003C\/em\u003E, the \u003Cstrong\u003EIceCube Collaboration\u003C\/strong\u003E, an international group of over 350 scientists, presents evidence of high-energy neutrino emission from the Milky Way. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe\u003Cspan\u003E detected \u003C\/span\u003Ehigh-energy neutrinos hold energies millions to billions of times higher than those produced by the fusion reactions that power stars.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIceCube was built and is operated with \u003Cstrong\u003ENational Science Foundation (NSF)\u003C\/strong\u003E funding and additional support from the fourteen countries that host institutional members of the IceCube Collaboration. IceCube\u003Cspan\u003E Observatory \u003C\/span\u003Esearches for signs of high-energy neutrinos originating from our galaxy and beyond, out to the farthest reaches of the universe. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EA cubic-kilometer neutrino detector operating at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station observes these high-energy neutrinos\u003C\/span\u003E, explains \u003Cstrong\u003EIgnacio Taboada\u003C\/strong\u003E, spokesperson for IceCube and a physics professor at \u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cIceCube is truly unique,\u201d Taboada says. \u201cBuilt deep in Antarctic ice, its over 5,000 light sensors search for the flashes of blue light \u2014 Cherenkov radiation produced by neutrinos in the upper atmosphere, the Milky Way, and deep into the cosmos.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESearching the southern sky\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cWhat\u0027s intriguing is that, unlike the case for light of any wavelength, in neutrinos, the universe outshines the nearby sources in our own galaxy,\u0022 says \u003Cstrong\u003EFrancis Halzen\u003C\/strong\u003E, a professor of physics at the \u003Cstrong\u003EUniversity of Wisconsin\u2013Madison\u003C\/strong\u003E and principal investigator of IceCube.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0022As is so often the case, significant breakthroughs in science are enabled by advances in technology,\u0022 says \u003Cstrong\u003EDenise Caldwell\u003C\/strong\u003E, director of \u003Cstrong\u003ENSF\u0027s Physics Division\u003C\/strong\u003E. \u0022The capabilities provided by the highly sensitive IceCube detector, coupled with new data analysis tools, have given us an entirely new view of our galaxy \u2014 one that had only been hinted at before. As these capabilities continue to be refined, we can look forward to watching this picture emerge with ever-increasing resolution, potentially revealing hidden features of our galaxy never before seen by humanity.\u0022\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EInteractions between cosmic rays \u2014 high-energy protons and heavier nuclei, also produced in our galaxy, and galactic gas and dust inevitably produce both gamma rays and neutrinos. Given the observation of gamma rays from the galactic plane, the Milky Way was expected to be a source of high-energy neutrinos.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cA neutrino counterpart has now been measured, thus confirming what we know about our galaxy and cosmic ray sources,\u201d says \u003Cstrong\u003ESteve Sclafani\u003C\/strong\u003E, a physics Ph.D. student at \u003Cstrong\u003EDrexel University\u003C\/strong\u003E, IceCube member, and co-lead analyzer.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe search focused on the southern sky, where the bulk of neutrino emission from the galactic plane is expected near the center of our galaxy. However, until now, the background of muons and neutrinos produced by cosmic-ray interactions with the Earth\u2019s atmosphere posed significant challenges.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ETo overcome them, IceCube collaborators at Drexel University developed analyses that select for \u0022cascade\u0022 events, or neutrino interactions in the ice that result in roughly spherical showers of light. Because the deposited energy from cascade events starts within the instrumented volume, contamination of atmospheric muons and neutrinos is reduced. Ultimately, the higher purity of the cascade events gave a better sensitivity to astrophysical neutrinos from the southern sky.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMachine learning in the Milky Way \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EHowever, the final breakthrough came from the implementation of machine learning methods, developed by IceCube collaborators at \u003Cstrong\u003ETU Dortmund University\u003C\/strong\u003E, that improve the identification of cascades produced by neutrinos as well as their direction and energy reconstruction. The observation of neutrinos from the Milky Way is a hallmark of the emerging critical value that machine learning provides in data analysis and event reconstruction in IceCube.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe improved methods allowed us to retain over an order of magnitude more neutrino events with better angular reconstruction, resulting in an analysis that is three times more sensitive than the previous search,\u201d says IceCube member, TU Dortmund physics Ph.D. student, and co-lead analyzer \u003Cstrong\u003EMirco \u003Cspan\u003EH\u00fcnnefeld\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe dataset used in the study included 60,000 neutrinos spanning 10 years of IceCube data, 30 times as many events as the selection used in a previous analysis of the galactic plane using cascade events. These neutrinos were compared to previously published prediction maps of locations in the sky where the galaxy was expected to shine in neutrinos.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe maps included one made from extrapolating Fermi Large Area Telescope gamma-ray observations of the Milky Way and two alternative maps identified as KRA-gamma by the group of theorists who produced them.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThis long-awaited detection of cosmic ray-interactions in the galaxy is also a wonderful example of what can be achieved when modern methods of knowledge discovery in machine learning are consistently applied.\u201d says \u003Cstrong\u003EWolfgang Rhode\u003C\/strong\u003E, professor of physics at TU Dortmund University, IceCube member, and H\u00fcnnefeld\u2019s advisor.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe power of machine learning offers great future potential, bringing other observations closer within reach.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe strong evidence for the Milky Way as a source of high-energy neutrinos has survived rigorous tests by the collaboration,\u201d says Taboada, the IceCube spokesperson. \u201cNow, the next step is to identify specific sources within the galaxy.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThese and other questions will be addressed in planned follow-up analyses by \u003Cspan\u003EIceCube.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cObserving our own galaxy for the first time using particles instead of light is a huge step,\u201d says \u003Cstrong\u003ENaoko Kurahashi Neilson\u003C\/strong\u003E, professor of physics at Drexel University, IceCube member, and Sclafani\u2019s advisor. \u201cAs neutrino astronomy evolves, we will get a new lens with which to observe the universe.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAbout IceCube Neutrino Observatory\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe IceCube Neutrino Observatory is funded and operated primarily through an award from the National Science Foundation to the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The IceCube Collaboration, with over 350 \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Escientists in \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/icecube.wisc.edu\/collaboration\/institutions\u0022\u003E58 institutions from around the world\u003C\/a\u003E, runs an extensive scientific program that has established the foundations of neutrino astronomy.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E \u003Cspan\u003EIceCube\u2019s\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Eresearch\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Eefforts,\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Eincluding\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Ecritical\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Econtributions\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Eto\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Ethe\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Edetector\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Eoperation,\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Eare\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Efunded\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003Eby \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Eagencies in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, including NSF. IceCube construction was also funded with significant contributions from the National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS \u0026amp; FWO) in Belgium; the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) in Germany; the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, and the Swedish Research Council in Sweden; and the Wisconsin Alumni Research \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFund.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAbout Georgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology, or Georgia Tech, is one of the top public research universities in the U.S., developing leaders who advance technology and improve the human condition. The Institute offers\u202fbusiness, computing, design, engineering, liberal arts,\u202fand\u202fsciences degrees. Its more than 45,000 undergraduate and graduate students, representing 50 states and more than 148 countries, study at the main campus in Atlanta, at campuses in France and China, and through distance and online learning.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003E \u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs a leading technological university, Georgia Tech is an engine of economic development for Georgia, the Southeast, and the nation, conducting more than $1 billion in research annually for government, industry, and society.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Our galaxy is seen through a new lens as NSF IceCube Collaboration presents evidence of high-energy neutrino emission from the Milky Way"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EHigh-energy neutrinos \u2014 with energies millions to billions of times higher than those produced by the fusion reactions that power stars \u2014 have been detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a gigaton detector operating at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. It was built and is operated with National Science Foundation (NSF) funding and additional support from the fourteen countries that host institutional members of the IceCube Collaboration.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Our galaxy is seen through a new lens as NSF IceCube Collaboration presents evidence of high-energy neutrino emission from the Milky Way"}],"uid":"34528","created_gmt":"2023-06-29 17:46:28","changed_gmt":"2024-02-05 14:47:23","author":"jhunt7","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-06-29T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-06-29T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671071":{"id":"671071","type":"image","title":"An artist\u0027s impression of neutrino emission from the Galactic plane, and IceCube Lab at the South Pole. (IceCube\/NSF. 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scientists"},{"url":"https:\/\/icecube.wisc.edu\/news\/press-releases\/2023\/06\/our-galaxy-seen-through-a-new-lens-neutrinos-detected-by-icecube\/","title":"Our galaxy seen through a new lens: neutrinos detected by IceCube"},{"url":"https:\/\/research.gatech.edu\/icecube-places-constraints-neutrino-emission-brightest-gamma-ray-burst","title":"IceCube Places Constraints on Neutrino Emission from the Brightest Gamma-ray Burst "},{"url":"https:\/\/cos.gatech.edu\/news\/icecube-neutrinos-give-us-first-glimpse-inner-depths-active-galaxy","title":"IceCube Neutrinos Give Us First Glimpse Into the Inner Depths of an Active Galaxy"},{"url":"https:\/\/cos.gatech.edu\/news\/ignacio-taboada-elected-spokesperson-icecube-south-pole-neutrino-observatory","title":"Ignacio Taboada Elected Spokesperson for IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory"}],"groups":[{"id":"1278","name":"College of Sciences"},{"id":"1316","name":"Green Buzz"},{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research 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href=\u0022mailto:francis.halzen@icecube.wisc.edu\u0022\u003EFrancis Halzen\u003C\/a\u003E, IceCube Principal \u003Cspan\u003EInvestigator\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nVilas Research Professor and Gregory Breit Distinguished Professor of Physics\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nWisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:itaboada@gatech.edu\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIgnacio\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:itaboada@gatech.edu\u0022\u003ETaboada\u003C\/a\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003EIceCube\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan\u003ESpokesperson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nProfessor of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPress 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