{"627475":{"#nid":"627475","#data":{"type":"event","title":"Phd Defense by Aaron Bivins, P.E.","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPh.D. Thesis Defense Announcement\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEstimating the Health Risks Posed by Intermittent Water Supply Using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBy\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAaron Bivins, P.E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdvisor:\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDr. Joe Brown (CEE)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECommittee Members:\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDr. Kostas Kostantinidis (CEE), Dr. Anjali Bohlken (INTA), Dr. Heather Murphy (Temple University), Dr. Mark Borchardt (USDA Agriculture Research Service)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDate \u0026amp; Time:\u003C\/strong\u003E Thursday, October 24th, at 10:00 am\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELocation:\u003C\/strong\u003E Sustainable Education Building (SEB), Room 122\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cstrong\u003EABSTRACT\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nIntermittent water supply (IWS) is a prevalent deficiency in piped-on-premise water supplies. In many settings\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nwater distribution systems are intentionally pressurized intermittently as a response to scarcity of water or other\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nresources. Microbiological and epidemiological evidence indicates that in some contexts IWS is associated with\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nincreased levels of fecal contamination and increased risk of diarrheal disease among end users.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nIn our initial quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) using E. coli counts observed at IWS taps and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\npathogen to E. coli ratios in sewage, we estimated that IWS could account for 17.2 million infections causing 4.52\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nmillion cases of diarrhea, 109,000 disability-adjusted life years, and 1,560 deaths among the 925 million exposed to\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nIWS globally. We then used dead-end ultrafiltation (DEUF) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to perform microbial\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nsampling of two IWSs in India and QMRA to estimate the risks to human health attributable to IWS in India. During\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nour microbial sampling in Jaipur, we detected gene targets associated with Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nand enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) concurrently with culturable E. coli in groundwater samples from tube wells. In\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nNagpur, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of samples positive for culturable E. coli and gene\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\ntargets associated with waterborne pathogens at household taps served by IWS compared to those served by\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\ncontinuous water supply. At household taps served by IWS we detected genes associated with ETEC, Shigella spp.,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nnorovirus GI and Gii, adenovirus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia lamblia. Our QMRA estimates that the daily\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nrisks of infection for Giardia, Cryptosporidium, norovirus, adenovirus, and Shigella exceed the US EPA acceptable\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nannual threshold of 1 in 10,000 at the 10th percentile. At the 10th percentile of daily risk, IWS could account for up to\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n11 million Giardia infections, 60 million Cryptosporidium infections, and 2.17 million Shigella infections annually\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\namong the 460 million Indians served by IWS.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nCollectively, the results of our work indicate that, even given large uncertainty and variability, the public\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nhealth risks associated with IWS likely exceed acceptable risk levels established by the WHO and US EPA. Our\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nfindings also indicate that measuring waterborne pathogens in drinking water at levels relevant to risk-based\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nthresholds is unlikely via DEUF and ddPCR. Given this limitation, risk assessment and management will likely\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\ncontinue to rely on culture-based enumerations with large uncertainty and unclear relevance to risk-based standards.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Estimating the Health Risks Posed by Intermittent Water Supply Using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment "}],"uid":"27707","created_gmt":"2019-10-10 19:06:35","changed_gmt":"2019-10-10 19:06:35","author":"Tatianna Richardson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","field_event_time":{"event_time_start":"2019-10-24T11:00:00-04:00","event_time_end":"2019-10-24T13:00:00-04:00","event_time_end_last":"2019-10-24T13:00:00-04:00","gmt_time_start":"2019-10-24 15:00:00","gmt_time_end":"2019-10-24 17:00:00","gmt_time_end_last":"2019-10-24 17:00:00","rrule":null,"timezone":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"groups":[{"id":"221981","name":"Graduate Studies"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"100811","name":"Phd Defense"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[{"id":"1788","name":"Other\/Miscellaneous"}],"invited_audience":[{"id":"78761","name":"Faculty\/Staff"},{"id":"78771","name":"Public"},{"id":"174045","name":"Graduate students"},{"id":"78751","name":"Undergraduate students"}],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}