{"686876":{"#nid":"686876","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Manufacturing Consortium Helps Industry Close the Finish Gap","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFrom fighter jets to medical devices, today\u2019s most advanced machines depend on parts as intricate as their missions. These components aren\u2019t just geometrically complex \u2014 they\u2019re made from specialized metals engineered to withstand extreme heat, friction, and wear. But that strength comes with a challenge. How do you shape metals tough enough to survive the heat of a jet engine?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne solution is to start with a more moldable form of these super-metals: powder. In a specialized form of additive manufacturing (like 3D printing), manufacturers start with fine metal powders and fuse them, layer by layer, using focused energy. Known as powder bed fusion (PBF), this method enables highly complex shapes and reduces the amount of finishing work needed. Still, when a micron of extra material can make or break the final product, even near-perfect parts require precise finishing touches.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe introduction of new, exotic materials produced through additive manufacturing has brought unique challenges, especially for applications in space and missile systems,\u201d says David Antonuccio, business development director at \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.halocarbon.com\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EHalocarbon\u003C\/a\u003E, a Georgia-based company producing advanced chemical solutions used in manufacturing and other fields. \u201cWhile these materials offer distinct properties, they are notoriously difficult to machine.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat\u2019s where the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/manufacturing.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Manufacturing Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTMI) comes in. Through its Manufacturing 4.0 Consortium, GTMI connects industry manufacturers like Halocarbon with researchers and innovators to tackle real \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0007850625000319?via%3Dihub\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eproduction challenges\u003C\/a\u003E like this. Membership includes access to GTMI\u2019s Advanced Manufacturing Pilot Facility (AMPF), where companies can test ideas and collaborate on new solutions.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHalocarbon recently teamed up with \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/freemelt.com\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EFreemelt\u003C\/a\u003E, a leader in producing PBF systems and a fellow consortium member, to address this bottleneck. Their goal: to determine whether Halocarbon\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.halocarbon.com\/machining-mission-critical-metals-the-halocarbon-advantage-in-aerospace-alloys\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Especialized metalworking fluids\u003C\/a\u003E could enhance the finishing process for PBF-manufactured parts made from tungsten and molybdenum, two high-temperature, hard-to-machine metals.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe future of manufacturing depends on how well we integrate talent, technology, and collaboration,\u201d says \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/manufacturing.gatech.edu\/people\/steven-ferguson\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESteven Ferguson\u003C\/a\u003E, interim director of Research Operations at GTMI and managing director of the consortium. \u201cBy bringing companies together around shared challenges, we\u2019re closing critical gaps and strengthening the nation\u2019s advanced manufacturing capability.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESolving the Post-Processing Bottleneck\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven with advanced methods like electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF), which uses an electron beam to fuse metal powders inside a vacuum chamber, finishing remains a critical hurdle. \u201cSurface finish in powder bed fusion is fundamentally tied to the particle size of the metal powder,\u201d says Ian Crawford, a materials and application engineer at Freemelt. \u201cPost-processing will almost always be part of the equation for high-performance components.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn traditional machining, coolants and cutting fluids used in these finishing steps are often overlooked, and the methods haven\u2019t changed much in decades. Halocarbon\u2019s metalworking fluid aims to bring these fluids into a new era, using innovative polymer chemistry to extend tool life, improve surface quality, and boost efficiency when machining these challenging alloys.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe two companies initiated their joint project during their free AMPF equipment use time, which comes with the full level of consortium membership. From there, GTMI designed and executed controlled studies comparing the use of Halocarbon\u2019s fluids to two standard finishing methods, dry machining and EDM-based finishing. The results showed a 6% improvement in side milling and a 26% improvement in end milling versus dry machining, with even greater gains over EDM. These improvements translate into higher-quality parts, tighter specifications, lower scrap rates, extended tool life, and reduced downstream costs \u2014 exactly what aerospace and defense suppliers need to meet stringent requirements. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe findings were shared at the 2025 National Space \u0026amp; Missile Materials Symposium, reinforcing the value of industry-academic collaboration.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIndustry keeps pushing materials to handle more heat and stress, but that makes post-processing harder,\u201d says \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/manufacturing.gatech.edu\/people\/matthew-carroll\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EMatt Carroll\u003C\/a\u003E, one of the GTMI researchers on the project. \u201cBy bringing equipment makers and chemistry innovators into the same experiment, we were able to prove where the gains really are and give manufacturers data they can act on.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cNo single manufacturing method solves every challenge,\u201d says Crawford. \u201cTo achieve the performance and cost targets that aerospace and defense applications demand, we need to bring together the right combination of technologies, and collaborations like this show what\u0027s possible when we do.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECollaborative research at GTMI is helping manufacturers overcome critical challenges in finishing advanced materials for aerospace and defense applications.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Collaborative research at GTMI is helping manufacturers overcome critical challenges in finishing advanced materials for aerospace and defense applications."}],"uid":"35575","created_gmt":"2025-12-11 18:59:54","changed_gmt":"2025-12-15 14:39:11","author":"adavidson38","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-12-15T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2025-12-15T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678830":{"id":"678830","type":"image","title":"52029942294_e335c3c0ec_b.jpg","body":"\u003Cp\u003EAdvanced manufacturing methods like E-BPF enable the production of parts with complex geometries that traditional machining can\u0027t achieve, like those seen here at GTMI\u0027s Advanced Manufacturing Pilot Facility. (Photo by Georgia Tech)\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1765479873","gmt_created":"2025-12-11 19:04:33","changed":"1765479873","gmt_changed":"2025-12-11 19:04:33","alt":"Advanced manufacturing methods like E-BPF enable the production of parts with complex geometries that traditional machining can\u0027t achieve, like those seen here at GTMI\u0027s Advanced Manufacturing Pilot Facility.","file":{"fid":"262918","name":"52029942294_e335c3c0ec_b.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/12\/11\/52029942294_e335c3c0ec_b.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/12\/11\/52029942294_e335c3c0ec_b.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":94216,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/12\/11\/52029942294_e335c3c0ec_b.jpg?itok=4l_JPc9m"}},"678829":{"id":"678829","type":"image","title":"finishing-machining-halocarbon.jpg","body":"\u003Cp\u003EHigh-performance parts used in aerospace and defense systems need to be precise and durable. Collaborative research at the Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute teamed is working to improve the finishing processes for hard to machine metals like tungsten. (Photo via Halocarbon)\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1765479614","gmt_created":"2025-12-11 19:00:14","changed":"1765479614","gmt_changed":"2025-12-11 19:00:14","alt":"High-performance parts used in aerospace and defense systems need to be precise and durable. Collaborative research at the Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute teamed is working to improve the finishing processes for hard to machine metals like tungsten.","file":{"fid":"262917","name":"finishing-machining-halocarbon.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/12\/11\/finishing-machining-halocarbon.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/12\/11\/finishing-machining-halocarbon.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":20940,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/12\/11\/finishing-machining-halocarbon.jpg?itok=41BlRrZ7"}}},"media_ids":["678830","678829"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/manufacturing.gatech.edu\/engage\/manufacturing-40-consortium","title":"More about GTMI\u0027s Manufacturing 4.0 Consortium"},{"url":"https:\/\/manufacturing.gatech.edu","title":"Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"155831","name":"Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute (GTMI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"194609","name":"Industry"},{"id":"194685","name":"Manufacturing"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"194611","name":"State Impact"}],"keywords":[{"id":"186857","name":"go-gtmi"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39461","name":"Manufacturing, Trade, and Logistics"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWriter: Audra Davidson\u003Cbr\u003EResearch Communications Program Manager\u003Cbr\u003EGeorgia Tech Manufacturing Institute\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EContact: \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:bvogel30@gatech.edu\u0022\u003EBelinda Vogel\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EResearch Engagement Manager\u003Cbr\u003EGeorgia Tech Manufacturing Institute\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["bvogel30@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"686192":{"#nid":"686192","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Built in I2P: The Student Inventions You\u2019ll Want to See to Believe","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECricket powder-based protein brownies. A visualization system for fencing blades. A personalized AI application for analyzing blood work. All I2P Showcase prototypes. See what Georgia Tech students have been developing this semester at the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.eventbrite.com\/e\/i2p-showcase-fall-2025-tickets-1748117429289?aff=article\u0022\u003EFall 2025 Idea to Prototype (I2P) Showcase\u003C\/a\u003E on Tuesday, Dec. 2, at 5 p.m. in the Marcus Nanotechnology Building. This year, attendees will have even more\u0026nbsp;original inventions to view, with over 60 teams\u0026nbsp;displaying prototypes.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe event marks the culmination of the semester-long I2P course, where undergraduate students develop functional prototypes aimed at solving real-world problems. Prototypes this semester include a smart military drone, a gentler device for cervical cancer screening, a rotating espresso station, tools to keep AI safe, compact data centers, systems that simulate cyberattacks to help companies strengthen their defenses, and many more.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe showcase is free and open to students, faculty, staff, and members of the local community.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWinning teams will receive prizes and a \u201cgolden ticket\u201d into CREATE-X\u2019s Startup Launch, a summer accelerator that provides optional seed funding, accounting and legal service credits, mentorship, and more to help students turn their prototypes into viable startups.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis is a free event, and refreshments will be provided.\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.eventbrite.com\/e\/i2p-showcase-fall-2025-tickets-1748117429289?aff=article\u0022\u003ERegister for the Fall 2025 I2P Showcase\u003C\/a\u003E today!\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMore than 60 undergraduate teams will present functional prototypes at the Fall 2025 Idea to Prototype (I2P) Showcase at Georgia Tech, Tuesday, Dec. 2 at 5 p.m. in the Marcus Nanotechnology Building. See innovative student creations developed over the semester and designed to solve real-world problems. Winning teams earn prizes and a \u201cgolden ticket\u201d into CREATE-X\u2019s Startup Launch accelerator, which offers funding, in-kind services, mentorship, and more. This is a free event for the campus and local community.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech\u2019s Fall 2025 I2P Showcase will feature over 60 student prototypes tackling real-world challenges."}],"uid":"36436","created_gmt":"2025-11-04 20:30:14","changed_gmt":"2025-11-04 20:45:46","author":"bdurham31","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-11-04T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2025-11-04T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678542":{"id":"678542","type":"image","title":"Founders of Allez Go Adam Kulikowski and Jason Mo","body":"\u003Cp\u003EFounders of Allez Go: Adam Kulikowski and Jason Mo\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1762288717","gmt_created":"2025-11-04 20:38:37","changed":"1762288817","gmt_changed":"2025-11-04 20:40:17","alt":"Founders of Allez Go: Adam Kulikowski and Jason Mo","file":{"fid":"262593","name":"54186413447_045f318b99_o.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/11\/04\/54186413447_045f318b99_o.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/11\/04\/54186413447_045f318b99_o.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":13446225,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/11\/04\/54186413447_045f318b99_o.jpg?itok=AFgCbVoS"}}},"media_ids":["678542"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.eventbrite.com\/e\/i2p-showcase-fall-2025-tickets-1748117429289?aff=article","title":"Register for the 2025 Fall I2P Showcase"}],"groups":[{"id":"583966","name":"CREATE-X"},{"id":"655285","name":"GT Commercialization"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"194606","name":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"id":"138","name":"Biotechnology, Health, Bioengineering, Genetics"},{"id":"139","name":"Business"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"42921","name":"Exhibitions"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"194685","name":"Manufacturing"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"148","name":"Music and Music Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"133","name":"Special Events and Guest Speakers"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"}],"keywords":[{"id":"192255","name":"go-commercializationnews"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"193658","name":"Commercialization"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71871","name":"Campus and Community"},{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBreanna Durham\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMarketing Strategist\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["breanna.durham@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"682404":{"#nid":"682404","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Say Stress \u201cSweet Spot\u201d Can Improve Remote Operators\u0027 Performance","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMilitary drone pilots, disaster search and rescue teams, and astronauts stationed on the International Space Station are often required to remotely control robots while maintaining their concentration for hours at a time.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech roboticists are attempting to identify the most stressful periods that human teleoperators experience while performing tasks remotely. A novel study provides new insights into determining when a teleoperator needs to operate at a high level of focus and which parts of the task can be delegated to robot automation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESchool of Interactive Computing Associate Professor \u003Cstrong\u003EMatthew\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003EGombolay\u003C\/strong\u003E calls it the \u201csweet spot\u201d of human ingenuity and robotic precision. Gombolay and students from his \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/core-robotics.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECORE Robotics Lab\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003Econducted a novel study that measures stress and workload on human teleoperators.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGombolay said it can inform military officials on how to strategically implement task automation and maximize human teleoperator performance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHumans continue to hand over more tasks to robots to perform, but Gombolay said that some functions will still require human input and oversight for the foreseeable future.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESpecific applications, such as space exploration, commercial and military aviation, disaster relief, and search and rescue, pose substantial safety concerns. Astronauts stationed on the International Space Station, for example, manually control robots that bring in supplies, move cargo, and make structural repairs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s brutal from a psychological perspective,\u201d Gombolay said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe question often asked about automating a task in these fields is, at what point can a robot be trusted more than a human?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA recent paper by Gombolay and his current and former students \u2014 \u003Cstrong\u003ESam\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003EYi\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003ETing\u003C\/strong\u003E, \u003Cstrong\u003EErin\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003EHedlund\u003C\/strong\u003E-\u003Cstrong\u003EBotti\u003C\/strong\u003E, and \u003Cstrong\u003EManisha\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003ENatarajan\u003C\/strong\u003E \u2014 sheds new light on the debate. The paper was published in the IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters and will be presented at the International Conference on Robotics and Automation in Atlanta.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe NASA-funded study can identify which aspects of tedious, time-consuming tasks can be automated and which require human supervision. If roboticists can pinpoint the elements of a task that cause the least stress, they can automate these components and enable humans to oversee the more challenging aspects.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIf we\u2019re talking about repetitive tasks, robots do better with that, so if you can automate it, you should,\u201d said Ting, a former grad student and lead author of the paper. \u201cI don\u2019t think humans enjoy doing repetitive tasks. We can move toward a better future with automation.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMilitary officials, for example, could measure the stress of remote drone pilots and know which times during a pilot\u2019s shift require the highest level of attention.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe can get a sense of how stressed you are and create models of how divided your attention is and the performance rate of the tasks you\u2019re doing,\u201d Gombolay said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt can be a low-stress or high-stress situation depending on the stakes and what\u2019s going on with you personally. Are you well-caffeinated? Well-rested? Is there stress from home you\u2019re bringing with you to the workplace? The goal is to predict how good your task performance will be. If it indicates it might be poor, we may need to outsource work to other people or create a safe space for the operator to destress.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Stress Test\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor their study, the researchers cut a small river-shaped path into a medium-density fiberboard. The exercise required the 24 participants to use a remote robotic arm to navigate through the path from one end to the other without touching the edges.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe experiment grew more challenging as new stress conditions and workload requirements were introduced. The changing conditions required the test participants to multitask to complete the assignment.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGombolay said the study supports the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which states that moderate levels of stress increase human performance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe experiment showed that operators felt overwhelmed and performed poorly when multitasking was introduced. Too much stress led to poor performance, but a moderate amount of stress induced more engagement and enhanced teleoperator focus.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETing said finding that ideal stress zone can lead to a higher performance rating.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cYou would think the more stressed you are, the more your performance decreases,\u201d Ting said. \u201cMost people didn\u2019t react that way. As stress increased, performance increased, but when you increased workload and gave them more to do, that\u2019s when you started seeing deteriorating performance.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGombolay said no stress can be just as detrimental as too much stress. Performing a task without stress tends to cause teleoperators to become disinterested, especially if it is repetitive and time-consuming.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cNo stress led to complacency,\u201d Gombolay said. \u201cThey weren\u2019t as engaged in completing the task.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIf your excitement is too low, you get so bored you can\u2019t muster the cognitive energy to reason about robot operation problems.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Human Factor\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERoboticists have made significant leaps in recent years to remove teleoperators from the equation. Still, Gombolay said it\u2019s too early to tell whether robots can be trusted with any task that a human can perform.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019re a long way from full autonomy,\u201d he said. \u201cThere\u2019s a lot that robots still can\u2019t do without a human operator. Search and rescue operations, if a building collapses, we don\u2019t have much training data for robots to go through rubble by themselves to rescue people. There are ethical needs for humans to be able to supervise or take direct control of robots.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at Georgia Tech are exploring the relationship between stress levels and the performance of remote robot operators. They found a moderate level of of stress can enhance performance and keep operators engaged and focused.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech researchers say there\u0027s a \u0022sweet spot\u0022 of stress that can enhance performance of remote robot operators such as drone pilots and astronauts."}],"uid":"36530","created_gmt":"2025-05-15 13:08:48","changed_gmt":"2025-07-15 15:05:39","author":"Nathan Deen","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-05-13T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-05-13T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"groups":[{"id":"47223","name":"College of Computing"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"},{"id":"50876","name":"School of Interactive Computing"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"}],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"682471":{"#nid":"682471","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Army Vet Guides Student Team in Delivering Digital Solution for Military Operations","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA team of Computing students has developed a digital intake system for the U.S. Army, which is set to be implemented as early as next month, transforming a time-consuming, paper-based process into an efficient, modern platform.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project was part of Computer Science Junior Design Capstone Expo, where students collaborate in teams to build functional software solutions for real-world clients. For team members Jonathan Collins, Joel Cave, Srithan Nalluri, Mark Podrazhansky, and Caden Virant, that client was the U.S. Army. School of Computing Instruction Lecturer Aibek Musaev led their Junior Design section.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe Army spends a significant amount of time maintaining, documenting, and repairing equipment that allows them to complete their mission,\u201d said Collins, a U.S. Army veteran. \u201cOur system essentially took the current maintenance process and converted it from an entirely paper-based process to a completely digital one.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team built a streamlined web application utilizing a set of modern tools that enhance data management, create a user-friendly interface, and ensure seamless operations. The new system improves accountability and visibility across Army maintenance operations by digitizing the intake and tracking processes. It eliminates the risk of lost paperwork and makes it easier for personnel to stay updated on equipment status and repair needs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E2nd Lt. Noah Parsons, the Army\u2019s point of contact for the project, was impressed with both the product and the team\u2019s professionalism.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cGeorgia Tech students have completed the intake system to perfection,\u201d Parsons said. \u201cThey performed exceptionally and professionally. I cannot stress how great of a job they have done for their class and for the Army as well. Our company intends to start using the intake system as early as next month.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor Collins, who served four years in the Army before enrolling at Georgia Tech, the experience was meaningful.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA large part of my role in the Army involved the very maintenance processes we\u2019ve been working to improve,\u201d he said. \u201cI can\u2019t even count how many hours my coworkers and I spent with the current system. Now, being able to use this new chapter of my life to make meaningful improvements feels incredibly rewarding.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECollins also took the lead in communicating with the military client, helping the team navigate strict requirements and non-negotiable specifications.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith this system, the Army decided what they wanted, and the team was tasked with delivering exactly that with no variation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project taught the team critical lessons about ownership, communication, and collaboration under pressure.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cCommunication with the client is the absolute most important thing,\u201d Collins said. \u201cYou could have the best programmers in the world, but it won\u2019t matter if you can\u2019t deliver the product the client wants. Meeting often and getting consistent feedback was key.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Army plans to begin using the system as early as June, bringing the students\u2019 work full circle and marking a meaningful contribution to real-world military operations.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA team of Computing students has developed a digital intake system for the U.S. Army, which is set to be implemented as early as next month, transforming a time-consuming, paper-based process into an efficient, modern platform.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project was part of Computer Science Junior Design Capstone Expo, where students collaborate in teams to build functional software solutions for real-world clients. For team members Jonathan Collins, Joel Cave, Srithan Nalluri, Mark Podrazhansky, and Caden Virant, that client was the U.S. Army. School of Computing Instruction Lecturer Aibek Musaev led their Junior Design section.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A team of Computing students has developed a digital intake system for the U.S. Army, which is set to be implemented as early as next month, transforming a time-consuming, paper-based process into an efficient, modern platform."}],"uid":"36613","created_gmt":"2025-05-20 14:30:44","changed_gmt":"2025-05-27 13:15:09","author":"Emily Smith","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-05-20T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-05-20T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"677094":{"id":"677094","type":"image","title":"armyintake1.png","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EA CS Junior Design Capstone team created a new intake system for the U.S. Army to manage maintenance tasks. Photos by Jonathan Collins.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1747756291","gmt_created":"2025-05-20 15:51:31","changed":"1747756291","gmt_changed":"2025-05-20 15:51:31","alt":"A CS Junior Design Capstone team created a new intake system for the U.S. Army to manage maintenance tasks. Photos by Jonathan Collins.","file":{"fid":"260959","name":"armyintake1.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/05\/20\/armyintake1.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/05\/20\/armyintake1.png","mime":"image\/png","size":477480,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/05\/20\/armyintake1.png?itok=1B9QWYny"}},"677095":{"id":"677095","type":"image","title":"armyintake2.png","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe team\u0027s project digitized the Army\u0027s maintenance operations with a modern, user-friendly tool.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1747756291","gmt_created":"2025-05-20 15:51:31","changed":"1747756291","gmt_changed":"2025-05-20 15:51:31","alt":"The team\u0027s project digitized the Army\u0027s maintenance operations with a modern, user-friendly tool.","file":{"fid":"260960","name":"armyintake2.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/05\/20\/armyintake2.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/05\/20\/armyintake2.png","mime":"image\/png","size":731193,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/05\/20\/armyintake2.png?itok=8gz47wIJ"}},"677116":{"id":"677116","type":"image","title":"armycopy1.jpg","body":"\u003Cp\u003EU.S. Army soldiers work on a mission. U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Josey Blades\/ DVIDS.\u003Cbr\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1747943378","gmt_created":"2025-05-22 19:49:38","changed":"1747943378","gmt_changed":"2025-05-22 19:49:38","alt":"U.S. Army soldiers work on a mission.","file":{"fid":"260984","name":"armycopy1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/05\/22\/armycopy1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/05\/22\/armycopy1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1158545,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/05\/22\/armycopy1.jpg?itok=ug_3MuCG"}}},"media_ids":["677094","677095","677116"],"groups":[{"id":"47223","name":"College of Computing"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"},{"id":"660374","name":"School of Computing Instruction"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"},{"id":"193157","name":"Student Honors and Achievements"}],"keywords":[{"id":"654","name":"College of Computing"},{"id":"193866","name":"school of computing instruction"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"137281","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"183228","name":"CS Junior Design Capstone"},{"id":"189425","name":"cs junior design capstone expo"},{"id":"3336","name":"army"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"193655","name":"Artificial Intelligence at Georgia Tech"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":["emily.smith@cc.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"681671":{"#nid":"681671","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Faculty, Students Pilot AI Crisis Simulation","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from Georgia Tech and the Georgia Tech Research Institute (\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGTRI\u003C\/a\u003E) recently piloted an in-depth crisis simulation exploring the national security implications of advanced artificial intelligence. Designed by the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.aisi.dev\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAI Safety Initiative\u003C\/a\u003E in collaboration with \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtmun.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EModel UN at Georgia Tech\u003C\/a\u003E, the immersive half-day workshop challenged faculty to respond to a series of escalating threats \u2014 including a potential biological attack, cyberattacks, and rising global tensions.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EParticipants represented major governments, corporations, and organizations \u2014 including OpenAI and Google DeepMind \u2014 and were inundated with simulated press releases and intelligence reports describing the rapid evolution of AI technologies. Their task: to debate and coordinate policy responses in real time.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn one scenario, a preliminary World Health Organization report revealed AI-enabled pathogens spreading across Central Asia. The player representing China quickly moved to close borders and reimpose pandemic-era lockdowns, a move that caused global confusion and economic instability.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThere\u2019s just no way I could have predicted that response,\u201d said Parv Mahajan, the director of the simulation. \u201cBut that kind of extreme response tells us so much about how unprepared countries might react.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDivjot Kaur, who constructed the simulated documents participants received throughout the workshop, agreed. \u201cThis valuable information can shed light on the research and work we must put in,\u201d she said.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome players took advantage of the chaos. The simulation concluded with a discussion about how profit motives might distort information access and accelerate a potential AI arms race.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat stood out most to participants was the range of ideas that emerged during the crisis. \u201cIt was great to see the perspectives of diverse disciplines on the future of AI,\u201d said Amaar Alidina, an undergraduate researcher. \u201cDebate provided meaningful insight on topics we wouldn\u0027t even have thought of,\u201d Kaur said. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELooking ahead, the AI Safety Initiative hopes to expand the simulation through collaborations with labs and departments across campus.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe future of our work will depend, in some way or another, on AI,\u0022 said Mahajan. \u0022And the best way to understand the future is to try and experience it.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a simulation from Georgia Tech and GTRI, participants navigated escalating global crises \u2014 including AI-enabled biothreats and cyberattacks \u2014 to assess how different actors might respond to emerging AI risks.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers explore national security risks posed by advanced AI through a high-stakes strategic exercise."}],"uid":"36734","created_gmt":"2025-04-08 18:30:49","changed_gmt":"2025-04-22 15:37:53","author":"Parv Mahajan","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-04-07T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-04-07T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"676793":{"id":"676793","type":"image","title":"DSC04327.jpg","body":null,"created":"1744137281","gmt_created":"2025-04-08 18:34:41","changed":"1744137281","gmt_changed":"2025-04-08 18:34:41","alt":"Man with OpenAI placard listens carefully to speech.","file":{"fid":"260634","name":"DSC04327.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/04\/08\/DSC04327_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/04\/08\/DSC04327_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":319130,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/04\/08\/DSC04327_0.jpg?itok=5QpHv7mI"}},"676794":{"id":"676794","type":"image","title":"DSC04279.jpg","body":null,"created":"1744137281","gmt_created":"2025-04-08 18:34:41","changed":"1744137281","gmt_changed":"2025-04-08 18:34:41","alt":"Man with \u0022Other Researchers and the Press\u0022 placard studies documents.","file":{"fid":"260635","name":"DSC04279.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/04\/08\/DSC04279_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/04\/08\/DSC04279_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":254102,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/04\/08\/DSC04279_0.jpg?itok=ZWayoRds"}}},"media_ids":["676793","676794"],"groups":[{"id":"660394","name":"AI Safety Initative (AISI)"},{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"138","name":"Biotechnology, Health, Bioengineering, Genetics"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"131","name":"Economic Development and Policy"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"151","name":"Policy, Social Sciences, and Liberal Arts"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"}],"keywords":[{"id":"194465","name":"AI Safety"},{"id":"2835","name":"ai"},{"id":"187812","name":"artificial intelligence (AI)"},{"id":"184285","name":"Georgia Tech Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts; school of public policy"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"193655","name":"Artificial Intelligence at Georgia Tech"},{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"193653","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71871","name":"Campus and Community"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp dir=\u0022ltr\u0022\u003EAI Safety Initiative\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:board@aisi.dev\u0022\u003Eboard@aisi.dev\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp dir=\u0022ltr\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Model UN\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:gatechmun@gmail.com\u0022\u003Egatechmun@gmail.com\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"681961":{"#nid":"681961","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Thesis on Human-Centered AI Earns Honors from International Computing Organization","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA Georgia Tech alum\u2019s dissertation introduced ways to make artificial intelligence (AI) more accessible, interpretable, and accountable. Although it\u2019s been a year since his doctoral defense,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/zijie.wang\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EZijie (Jay) Wang\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u2019s (Ph.D. ML-CSE 2024) work continues to resonate with researchers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWang is a recipient of the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/medium.com\/sigchi\/announcing-the-2025-acm-sigchi-awards-17c1feaf865f\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2025 Outstanding Dissertation Award from the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction (ACM SIGCHI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. The award recognizes Wang for his lifelong work on democratizing human-centered AI.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThroughout my Ph.D. and industry internships, I observed a gap in existing research: there is a strong need for practical tools for applying human-centered approaches when designing AI systems,\u201d said Wang, now a safety researcher at OpenAI.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cMy work not only helps people understand AI and guide its behavior but also provides user-friendly tools that fit into existing workflows.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E[Related: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/sites.gatech.edu\/research\/chi-2025\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech College of Computing Swarms to Yokohama, Japan, for CHI 2025\u003C\/a\u003E]\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWang\u2019s dissertation presented techniques in visual explanation and interactive guidance to align AI models with user knowledge and values. The work culminated from years of research, fellowship support, and internships.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWang\u2019s most influential projects formed the core of his dissertation. These included:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/poloclub.github.io\/cnn-explainer\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECNN Explainer\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E: an open-source tool developed for deep-learning beginners. Since its release in July 2020, more than 436,000 global visitors have used the tool.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/poloclub.github.io\/diffusiondb\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDiffusionDB\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E: a first-of-its-kind large-scale dataset that lays a foundation to help people better understand generative AI. This work could lead to new research in detecting deepfakes and designing human-AI interaction tools to help people more easily use these models.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/interpret.ml\/gam-changer\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGAM Changer\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E: an interface that empowers users in healthcare, finance, or other domains to edit ML models to include knowledge and values specific to their domain, which improves reliability.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.jennwv.com\/papers\/gamcoach.pdf\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGAM Coach\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E: an interactive ML tool that could help people who have been rejected for a loan by automatically letting an applicant know what is needed for them to receive loan approval. \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/news\/new-tool-teaches-responsible-ai-practices-when-using-large-language-models\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFarsight\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E: a tool that alerts developers when they write prompts in large language models that could be harmful and misused. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI feel extremely honored and lucky to receive this award, and I am deeply grateful to many who have supported me along the way, including Polo, mentors, collaborators, and friends,\u201d said Wang, who was advised by School of Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) Professor\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/poloclub.github.io\/polochau\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPolo Chau\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis recognition also inspired me to continue striving to design and develop easy-to-use tools that help everyone to easily interact with AI systems.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELike Wang, Chau advised Georgia Tech alumnus\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/fredhohman.com\/\u0022\u003EFred Hohman\u003C\/a\u003E (Ph.D. CSE 2020).\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/news\/alumnus-building-legacy-through-dissertation-and-mentorship\u0022\u003EHohman won the ACM SIGCHI Outstanding Dissertation Award in 2022\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/poloclub.github.io\/\u0022\u003EChau\u2019s group\u003C\/a\u003E synthesizes machine learning (ML) and visualization techniques into scalable, interactive, and trustworthy tools. These tools increase understanding and interaction with large-scale data and ML models.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EChau is the associate director of corporate relations for the Machine Learning Center at Georgia Tech. Wang called the School of CSE his home unit while a student in the ML program under Chau.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWang is one of five recipients of this year\u2019s award to be presented at the 2025 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/chi2025.acm.org\/\u0022\u003ECHI 2025\u003C\/a\u003E). The conference occurs April 25-May 1 in Yokohama, Japan.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESIGCHI is the world\u2019s largest association of human-computer interaction professionals and practitioners. The group sponsors or co-sponsors 26 conferences, including CHI.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWang\u2019s outstanding dissertation award is the latest recognition of a career decorated with achievement.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMonths after graduating from Georgia Tech,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/news\/research-ai-safety-lands-recent-graduate-forbes-30-under-30\u0022\u003EForbes named Wang to its 30 Under 30 in Science for 2025\u003C\/a\u003E for his dissertation. Wang was one of 15 Yellow Jackets included in nine different 30 Under 30 lists and the only Georgia Tech-affiliated individual on the 30 Under 30 in Science list.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile a Georgia Tech student, Wang earned recognition from big names in business and technology. He received the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/news\/student-named-apple-scholar-connecting-people-machine-learning\u0022\u003EApple Scholars in AI\/ML Ph.D. Fellowship in 2023\u003C\/a\u003E and was in the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/news\/georgia-tech-machine-learning-students-earn-jp-morgan-ai-phd-fellowships\u0022\u003E2022 cohort of the J.P. Morgan AI Ph.D. Fellowships Program\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlong with the CHI award, Wang\u2019s dissertation earned him awards this year at banquets across campus. The\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com\/sites.gatech.edu\/dist\/0\/283\/files\/2025\/03\/2025-Sigma-Xi-Research-Award-Winners.pdf\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech chapter of Sigma Xi presented Wang with the Best Ph.D. Thesis Award\u003C\/a\u003E. He also received the College of Computing\u2019s Outstanding Dissertation Award.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cGeorgia Tech attracts many great minds, and I\u2019m glad that some, like Jay, chose to join our group,\u201d Chau said. \u201cIt has been a joy to work alongside them and witness the many wonderful things they have accomplished, and with many more to come in their careers.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA Georgia Tech alum\u2019s dissertation introduced ways to make artificial intelligence (AI) more accessible, interpretable, and accountable. Although it\u2019s been a year since his doctoral defense,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/zijie.wang\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EZijie (Jay) Wang\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u2019s (Ph.D. ML-CSE 2024) work continues to resonate with researchers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWang is a recipient of the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/medium.com\/sigchi\/announcing-the-2025-acm-sigchi-awards-17c1feaf865f\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2025 Outstanding Dissertation Award from the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction (ACM SIGCHI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E. The award recognizes Wang for his lifelong work on democratizing human-centered AI.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":" Zijie (Jay) Wang (Ph.D. ML-CSE 2024) is a recipient of the 2025 Outstanding Dissertation Award from the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction (ACM SIGCHI)."}],"uid":"36319","created_gmt":"2025-04-22 14:24:46","changed_gmt":"2025-04-22 14:29:07","author":"Bryant Wine","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-04-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-04-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"676903":{"id":"676903","type":"image","title":"Jay-Wang-SIGCHI-Dissertation-Award.jpg","body":null,"created":"1745331896","gmt_created":"2025-04-22 14:24:56","changed":"1745331896","gmt_changed":"2025-04-22 14:24:56","alt":"Zijie (Jay) Wang CHI 2025","file":{"fid":"260750","name":"Jay-Wang-SIGCHI-Dissertation-Award.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/04\/22\/Jay-Wang-SIGCHI-Dissertation-Award.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/04\/22\/Jay-Wang-SIGCHI-Dissertation-Award.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":99526,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/04\/22\/Jay-Wang-SIGCHI-Dissertation-Award.jpg?itok=_QvwIP00"}},"673947":{"id":"673947","type":"image","title":"Farsight CHI.jpg","body":null,"created":"1714954253","gmt_created":"2024-05-06 00:10:53","changed":"1714954253","gmt_changed":"2024-05-06 00:10:53","alt":"CHI 2024 Farsight","file":{"fid":"257404","name":"Farsight CHI.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/05\/05\/Farsight%20CHI.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/05\/05\/Farsight%20CHI.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":139358,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2024\/05\/05\/Farsight%20CHI.jpg?itok=6genJVjw"}}},"media_ids":["676903","673947"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/news\/thesis-human-centered-ai-earns-honors-international-computing-organization","title":"Thesis on Human-Centered AI Earns Honors from International Computing Organization"}],"groups":[{"id":"47223","name":"College of Computing"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"},{"id":"50877","name":"School of Computational Science and Engineering"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"155","name":"Congressional Testimony"},{"id":"143","name":"Digital Media and Entertainment"},{"id":"131","name":"Economic Development and Policy"},{"id":"42911","name":"Education"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"42921","name":"Exhibitions"},{"id":"42891","name":"Georgia Tech Arts"},{"id":"179356","name":"Industrial Design"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"132","name":"Institute Leadership"},{"id":"194248","name":"International Education"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"148","name":"Music and Music Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"42931","name":"Performances"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"},{"id":"151","name":"Policy, Social Sciences, and Liberal Arts"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"},{"id":"133","name":"Special Events and Guest Speakers"},{"id":"193157","name":"Student Honors and Achievements"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"654","name":"College of Computing"},{"id":"166983","name":"School of Computational Science and Engineering"},{"id":"187812","name":"artificial intelligence (AI)"},{"id":"181991","name":"Georgia Tech News Center"},{"id":"10199","name":"Daily Digest"},{"id":"9153","name":"Research Horizons"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"192863","name":"go-ai"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"193655","name":"Artificial Intelligence at Georgia Tech"},{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBryant Wine, Communications Officer\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:bryant.wine@cc.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ebryant.wine@cc.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"674235":{"#nid":"674235","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Grappling With Uncertainty Amid Cyberattacks","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhat I\u2019ve repeatedly found is that people are terrified of cyberattacks, because, frankly, cyberattacks are scary,\u201d said Ryan Shandler, assistant professor of political science in Georgia Tech\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/scp.cc.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Cybersecurity and Privacy\u003C\/a\u003E, where his research focuses on how people react to cyberattacks. \u201cPeople don\u2019t fully understand them. They don\u2019t know who\u2019s behind them.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EShandler\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/00223433231218178?journalCode=jpra\u0022\u003Elatest study\u003C\/a\u003E looks at the effect this uncertainty has on public opinion after a cyber incident.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen faced with the unknown, people conjure visions of doom, where one bad guy in his mom\u2019s basement clicks a button and takes over the world.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to Shandler, even a minor cyberattack can generate the kind of fear that \u201cchanges world views or causes people to vote a certain way, sacrificing their civil liberties for security and surveillance, regardless of how intrusive.\u201d By way of example, Shandler refers to a digital mishap hyperbolically reported as a major cyberattack on a Florida water plant that actually resulted from an employee mistake.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThese reactions from the general public, even when they don\u2019t know who is behind an attack, can have strong political and societal consequences,\u201d he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EShifting the Focus\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESometimes he refers to this uncertainty as \u201ca shadow of ambiguity.\u201d Shandler and his collaborators have added a new element to the body of cyber-conflict literature, most of which deals with ambiguity from an operational or strategic perspective. His team has written an article for a \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/scp.cc.gatech.edu\/Special-Issue-on-Cyber-Conflict\u0022\u003Especial issue\u003C\/a\u003E of the \u003Cem\u003EJournal of Peace Research\u003C\/em\u003E that focuses on the uncertainty surrounding cybersecurity incidents. Shandler also co-edited the issue.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers surveyed 2,025 participants, who were asked to evaluate potential cyber threat scenarios and decide on various retaliatory measures.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA typical question presented two scenarios positing a cyberattack on the U.S. In one, intelligence sources might be 70% certain that China was the perpetrator; in the other, intelligence might be 40% certain it was caused by the United Kingdom. Other options in the scenario included the proposed means of retaliation and the chance of conflict escalation. Participants were asked which strategic course they preferred \u2014 whether to retaliate and, if so, against whom.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAs the government\u2019s certainty percentage goes down, the level of support for retaliation goes down, which is unsurprising,\u201d said Shandler, whose collaborators on the study were Nathaniel Porter of Virginia Tech and Eric Jardine of cybersecurity firm Chainalysis. \u201cBut when we dig a little deeper, we can see that it depends on who the other country is. If we\u2019re 50% sure China is behind it, we tend to lean more toward retaliation than if we\u2019re 50% sure that England is behind it.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMental Shortcuts\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFaced with the complexities of cyberspace and the potential threats inhabiting it, most people will fall back on mental shortcuts when forced to decide in the face of uncertainty, the researchers assert. As such, perceptions of countries as adversaries or allies play a role in decision-making.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPolitical partisanship also played a role in how people responded to the scenarios. For Republicans, the perception of another country as an ally or rival mattered more than it did for Democrats. This also wasn\u2019t particularly astonishing to the researchers.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe didn\u2019t want to guess \u2014 we wanted to find out how people react when faced with the ambiguity of a cyberattack,\u201d Shandler said. He and his colleagues hoped to identify what they called a \u201ccertainty threshold.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThat is, they wanted to answer a basic question: How sure do authorities need to be about the perpetrator to gain public support for economic, diplomatic, or military responses?\u0026nbsp; After gathering and crunching the numbers, the researchers put the threshold at 60% certainty, though it shifts depending on the identity of the presumed attacker.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EShandler\u2019s colleagues in the School of Cybersecurity and Privacy are mostly computer scientists who work in bits, bytes, and rational logic \u2014 everything is mapped out and orderly, unlike human beings, who aren\u2019t logical or rational.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cPeople are not computer code. We\u2019re messy, emotional, and use mental shortcuts to make decisions,\u201d Shandler said. \u201cSo, we thought a human analysis of the uncertainty that is so much a part of cyberspace would be a good idea.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EUltimately, Shandler hopes his research will force policymakers and national security officials to pay more attention to the way the public experiences cyber threats, because voters won\u2019t write a blank check and support retaliation in response to every attack.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen states volley cyberattacks back and forth, the public gets caught in the crossfire, and they need to be a stakeholder in decisions about how to react,\u201d he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAuthorities should be more open with the public, he added. That would go a long way toward demystifying cyberattacks and avoiding the potential of a mass panic.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIn my experience, mystifying the situation is how we get to the theories of cyber doom and Armageddon and \u003Cem\u003EMission Impossible\u003C\/em\u003E and the robots coming to get us,\u201d Shandler said. \u201cI think what people are imagining is much worse than the reality. It\u2019s the lack of information that scares them.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECITATION:\u003C\/strong\u003E Eric Jardine, Nathaniel Porter, Ryan Shandler. \u0022Cyberattacks and public opinion \u2013 The effect of uncertainty in guiding preferences,\u0022 \u003Cem\u003EJournal of Peace Research\u003C\/em\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00223433231218178\u0022\u003Edoi.org\/10.1177\/0022343323121\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EEven minor cyberattacks can cause an over-reaction from an uninformed public.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Even minor cyberattacks can cause a fearful reaction from the public."}],"uid":"28153","created_gmt":"2024-04-17 04:01:08","changed_gmt":"2024-04-18 00:30:02","author":"Jerry Grillo","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2024-04-16T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2024-04-16T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"673727":{"id":"673727","type":"image","title":"Ryan Shandler","body":"\u003Cp\u003ERyan Shandler\u0027s latest study looks at the effects of uncertainty on the public following a cyberattack.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1713325804","gmt_created":"2024-04-17 03:50:04","changed":"1713325947","gmt_changed":"2024-04-17 03:52:27","alt":"Ryan Shandler","file":{"fid":"257156","name":"Ryan.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/04\/16\/Ryan.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/04\/16\/Ryan.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":5337052,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2024\/04\/16\/Ryan.jpg?itok=PUh2kNzx"}}},"media_ids":["673727"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1404","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"170215","name":"cyberattacks"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71901","name":"Society and Culture"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jerry.grillo@ibb.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EJerry Grillo\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jerry.grillo@ibb.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"672115":{"#nid":"672115","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Develops Machine Learning Operations Platform to Streamline Data Management for the DoD ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMachine learning (ML) has transformed the digital landscape with its unprecedented ability to automate complex tasks and improve decision-making processes. However, many organizations, including the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), still rely on time-consuming methods for developing and testing machine learning models, which can create strategic vulnerabilities in today\u2019s fast-changing environment.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is addressing this challenge by developing a Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) platform that standardizes the development and testing of artificial intelligence (AI) and ML models to enhance the speed and efficiency with which these models are utilized during real-time decision-making situations.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan\u003E \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s been difficult for organizations to transition these models from a research environment and turn them into fully-functional products that can be used in real-time,\u201d said Austin Ruth, a GTRI research engineer who is leading this project. \u201cOur goal is to bring AI\/ML to the tactical edge where it could be used during active threat situations to heighten the survivability of our warfighters.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ERather than treating ML development in isolation, GTRI\u2019s MLOps platform would bridge the gap between data scientists and field operations so that organizations can oversee the entire lifecycle of ML projects from development to deployment at the tactical edge.\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe tactical edge refers to the immediate operational space where decisions are made and actions take place. Bringing AI and ML capabilities closer to the point of action would enhance the speed, efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making processes and contribute to more agile and adaptive responses to threats.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe want to develop a system where fighter jets or warships don\u2019t have to do any data transfers but could train and label the data right where they are and have the AI\/ML models improve in real-time as they\u2019re actively going up against threats,\u201d said Ruth.\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor example, a model could monitor a plane\u2019s altitude and speed, immediately spot potential wing drag issues and alert the pilot about it. In an electronic warfare (EW) situation when facing enemy aircraft or missiles, the models could process vast amounts of incoming data to more quickly identify threats and recommend effective countermeasures in real time.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAI\/ML models need to be trained and tested to ensure their effectiveness in adapting to new, unseen data. However, without having a standardized process in place, training and testing is done in a fragmented manner, which poses several risks, such as overfitting, where the model performs well on the training data but fails to generalize unseen data and makes inaccurate predictions or decisions in real-world situations, security vulnerabilities where bad actors exploit weaknesses in the models, and a general lack of robustness and inefficient resource utilization.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThroughout this project, we noticed that training and testing are often done in a piecemeal fashion and thus aren\u2019t repeatable,\u201d said Jovan Munroe, a GTRI senior research engineer who is also leading this project. \u201cOur MLOps platform makes the training and testing process more consistent and well-defined so that these models are better equipped to identify and address unknown variables in the battle space.\u201d\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThis project has been supported by GTRI\u2019s Independent Research and Development (IRAD) Program, winning an IRAD of the Year award in fiscal year 2023. In fiscal year 2024, the project received funding from a U.S. government sponsor.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EPhotos: Sean McNeil\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $940\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Emillion of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is developing a Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) platform that standardizes the development and testing of artificial intelligence (AI) and ML models to enhance the speed and efficiency with which these models are utilized during real-time active threat situations to heighten the survivability of our warfighters.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI has developed a dashboard that aids in the DoD\u0027s development and testing of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning models that would be utilized during real-time decision-making situations."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2024-01-16 15:13:30","changed_gmt":"2024-02-09 16:37:44","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2024-01-16T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2024-01-16T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"672753":{"id":"672753","type":"image","title":"GTRI Machine Learning Project Leads","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EGTRI has developed a dashboard that aids in the DoD\u0027s development and testing of AI and ML models that would be utilized during real-time decision-making situations. Pictured from L to R are the two project leads, GTRI Research Engineer Austin Ruth and GTRI Senior Research Engineer Jovan Munroe (Photo Credit: Sean McNeil, GTRI).\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1705417197","gmt_created":"2024-01-16 14:59:57","changed":"1705417566","gmt_changed":"2024-01-16 15:06:06","alt":"GTRI Machine Learning Project Leads","file":{"fid":"256049","name":"2023_1108_image_ELSYS_MLOps_Austin Ruth and Jovan Munroe_HQ_12.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/16\/2023_1108_image_ELSYS_MLOps_Austin%20Ruth%20and%20Jovan%20Munroe_HQ_12.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/16\/2023_1108_image_ELSYS_MLOps_Austin%20Ruth%20and%20Jovan%20Munroe_HQ_12.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1853239,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2024\/01\/16\/2023_1108_image_ELSYS_MLOps_Austin%20Ruth%20and%20Jovan%20Munroe_HQ_12.JPG?itok=gUp3mXtD"}},"672752":{"id":"672752","type":"image","title":"GTRI MLOps team ","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe MLOps team poses with GTRI Chief Technology Officer Mark Whorton (far left) and GTRI Director Jim Hudgens (second from left) after winning an IRAD of the Year award for their work on this project at GTRI\u0027s FY23 IRAD Extravaganza event (Photo Credit: Sean McNeil, GTRI).\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1705417067","gmt_created":"2024-01-16 14:57:47","changed":"1705417169","gmt_changed":"2024-01-16 14:59:29","alt":"GTRI MLOps team ","file":{"fid":"256048","name":"2023_0616_image_DO_IRAD 2023 Extravaganza_HQ_46.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/16\/2023_0616_image_DO_IRAD%202023%20Extravaganza_HQ_46.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/16\/2023_0616_image_DO_IRAD%202023%20Extravaganza_HQ_46.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2226382,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2024\/01\/16\/2023_0616_image_DO_IRAD%202023%20Extravaganza_HQ_46.JPG?itok=G8qvL3-f"}}},"media_ids":["672753","672752"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"9167","name":"machine learning"},{"id":"5901","name":"dod"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"},{"id":"193417","name":"MLOps"},{"id":"193418","name":"protecting the warfighter"},{"id":"7141","name":"IRAD"},{"id":"192863","name":"go-ai"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"671814":{"#nid":"671814","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI, Georgia Tech Use Quantum Computing to Optimize CFD Applications ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhile quantum computing is still in its early stages, it has the power to unlock unprecedented speed and efficiency in solving complex computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems that could revolutionize several industries, including the defense space.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) are exploring how the powerful processing capabilities of quantum computers can expedite CFD\u2019s resource-intensive simulations used in aircraft design, weather prediction, nuclear weapons testing and more. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThrough a collaboration between GTRI and Georgia Tech, we are developing an application of quantum computing to solve proof-of-principle problems in computational fluid dynamics that could streamline efficiencies and reduce costs across numerous industries,\u201d said Bryan Gard, a GTRI senior research scientist who is leading this project.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EQuantum computing offers a new way of doing computations using the principles of quantum mechanics, a science that explores the behavior of tiny particles such as atoms and photons. Computers and software that are built on the theories of quantum mechanics can process a large amount of information simultaneously and much faster than classical computers. That is because unlike classical computers, which use bits that are either 0 or 1, quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EClassical bits are similar to regular on\/off switches, which can only exist in one state at a time. Qubits, meanwhile, can exist in multiple states at once thanks to a property in quantum mechanics known as superposition. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBecause CFD involves complex simulations of how fluids, such as air or water, move and interact with different surfaces, classical computers often struggle with the immense number of calculations needed for such detailed simulations. The ability for quantum computers to process information in parallel could significantly speed up these simulations and produce more accurate results.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cSay you are examining how air flows over a plane wing and you want to identify the large- and small-scale dynamics of that interaction,\u201d explained Gard. \u201cThis type of problem would be very hard for a classical computer to handle because it wouldn\u2019t be able to examine those large- and small-scale aspects simultaneously.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe team has split its research into two parts. The parts that involve linear differential equations are solved on a quantum computer and the other, non-linear parts are handled conventionally on a classical machine.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe reason for this division is that as the problem scales up on classical supercomputers, the communication between nodes becomes inefficient, creating a bottleneck. Even though quantum computers are not yet large-scale, they can handle certain parts of the problem without facing the same communication challenges, Gard explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThese principles could help organizations strategically allocate resources and avoid costs associated with manufacturing and testing potentially flawed designs. In the defense realm, an example of this can be seen with designing aircraft.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EInstead of the conventional methods of building and testing structures in a wind tunnel, quantum-enhanced CFD would allow engineers to analyze stresses, assess designs and predict performance more efficiently and cost effectively. This becomes particularly relevant at high speeds, where factors such as air flows and turbulence pose additional challenges for running accurate simulations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cIt all comes down to money, as with everything else,\u201d said Gard. \u201cIf you could save yourself a lot of time and money by running this simulation, which you couldn\u0027t do before, then it would allow you to allocate your resources more effectively.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFor this project, GTRI is collaborating with Spencer Bryngelson, an assistant professor in the School of Computational Science and Engineering who has expertise in computational physics, numerical methods, fluid dynamics and high-performance computing. Zhixin Song, a graduate student at Georgia Tech who is researching quantum algorithms for CFD, has also contributed.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThis project is particularly interesting because although it is challenging, it could have outsize performance gains if one can find the right tools for the job, meaning the right quantum algorithm to solve the right fluid dynamics problem,\u201d Bryngelson said. \u201cGTRI and Georgia Tech have already made progress in this area, and also work well together, so it has been a good experience.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe project has been supported by GTRI\u2019s Independent Research and Development (IRAD) Program, winning an IRAD of the Year award in fiscal year 2023, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EPhotos: Christopher Moore\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EArt Credit: Img2Go.com, Adobe\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $940\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Emillion of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) are exploring how the powerful processing capabilities of quantum computers can expedite CFD\u2019s resource-intensive simulations used in aircraft design, weather prediction, nuclear weapons testing and more. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) are exploring how the powerful processing capabilities of quantum computers could streamline efficiencies and reduce costs across numerous industries."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2024-01-03 14:55:56","changed_gmt":"2024-01-03 15:02:25","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2024-01-03T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2024-01-03T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"672651":{"id":"672651","type":"image","title":"AI-generated graphic of complex CFD simulations","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe ability for quantum computers to process a large amount of information simultaneously could significantly speed up complex CFD simulations and produce more accurate results (Credit: AI art generator Img2Go.com).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1704293609","gmt_created":"2024-01-03 14:53:29","changed":"1704293733","gmt_changed":"2024-01-03 14:55:33","alt":"AI-generated graphic of complex CFD simulations","file":{"fid":"255928","name":"output_3156885427_0_v2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/03\/output_3156885427_0_v2.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/03\/output_3156885427_0_v2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":254103,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2024\/01\/03\/output_3156885427_0_v2.jpg?itok=qEAy1Ap_"}},"672650":{"id":"672650","type":"image","title":"GT\u0027s Quantum Computing Research Team","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe team leading this project includes, from left to right: Bryan Gard, a GTRI senior research scientist; Spencer Bryngelson, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Computational Science and Engineering; and Zhixin \u0022Jack\u0022 Song, a Georgia Tech graduate student who is researching quantum algorithms for CFD (Photo Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1704293415","gmt_created":"2024-01-03 14:50:15","changed":"1704293588","gmt_changed":"2024-01-03 14:53:08","alt":"GT\u0027s Quantum Computing Research Team","file":{"fid":"255927","name":"2023_1212_IMAGE__QOCFD shoot_Gard Bryan _008.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/03\/2023_1212_IMAGE__QOCFD%20shoot_Gard%20Bryan%20_008.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\/01\/03\/2023_1212_IMAGE__QOCFD%20shoot_Gard%20Bryan%20_008.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1469485,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2024\/01\/03\/2023_1212_IMAGE__QOCFD%20shoot_Gard%20Bryan%20_008.jpg?itok=71XjDk20"}}},"media_ids":["672651","672650"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"7141","name":"IRAD"},{"id":"166983","name":"School of Computational Science and Engineering"},{"id":"193392","name":"quantum algorithms"},{"id":"4359","name":"quantum computing"},{"id":"193393","name":"computational fluid dynamics"},{"id":"193394","name":"defense space"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"671581":{"#nid":"671581","#data":{"type":"news","title":"ARCM Facilitates Update of Radio Control System for Army\u2019s UH-60M","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EUsing a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach, researchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing the software necessary to integrate new control, radio, and cryptographic capabilities into UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters, which are mainstays of the U.S. Army\u2019s helicopter fleet.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Aviation Radio Control Manager (ARCM) software will enable the sustainment of enduring fleet aircraft by employing a Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) to replace obsolete, out-of-production radio equipment and set the stage for future communications suite enhancements. The reusable and adaptable ARCM software is projected to be employed on additional Army aircraft in the future, providing benefits of software reuse, potentially leveraged for future efforts.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ENow in its third round of software development, ARCM is due to be flight-tested next summer and installed on the first group of UH-60M aircraft in 2025. The project, supported by the U.S. Army\u2019s PEO Aviation in Huntsville, Alabama, will comply with the service\u2019s Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE\u2122) Technical Standard, Edition 3.1.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EModel-based approaches are being used across the Department of Defense (DoD) to accelerate the development of new platforms and updates to existing ones. Beyond reducing costs and getting new capabilities to warfighters more quickly, the process can streamline procurement by clearly spelling out system specifications and key interfaces.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cModel-based approaches have been a very central part of how we\u2019ve approached ARCM, and the return on investment for ARCM generally and for the MBSEs specifically, is based largely on a business case in which you spend a little more to get the models in place and design the system to interface with multiple components,\u201d said Scott Tompkins, a GTRI senior research engineer who leads the project. \u201cInvestments in MBSE can provide huge savings when you reuse the work for other systems and shorten the cycle times to bring new capabilities to aircraft platforms.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this first application, the ARCM software will facilitate three major improvements for the UH-60M: (1) replacement of the control head unit (CHU) that aircrews use to operate radio equipment, (2) replacement of an obsolete tactical communications radio, and (3) upgrade of cryptographic systems used for secure communications. The replacement radio hardware, which is being built by multiple vendors, interfaces with the aircraft\u2019s unmodified flight management system (FMS) via the ARCM.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe aircraft needed a new radio, but the Army doesn\u2019t necessarily desire to change the approved and fielded Black Hawk FMS Operational Flight Program (OFP) to integrate that radio,\u201d Tompkins said. \u201cIn this project, we are translating the radio\u2019s interface, so they don\u2019t have to change the main aircraft software. This will address three issues at once through software.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETwo different radios with comparable functionality will be available as options for replacing the existing ARC-201D unit. The ARCM software will make the difference between those two alternatives invisible to aircrews and other systems in the aircraft. The software will also allow transparent substitution of radio equipment on Black Hawks used by foreign nations, and it is designed for future support of alternate radio equipment used by National Guard Black Hawks for collaboration with civil defense and domestic first responder agencies.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cFrom the models, we generated the vast majority of the code used in the ARCM, and that code meets the FACE Edition 3.1 standard for MOSA software,\u201d Tompkins said. \u201cWe have also deployed a development, security, and operations (DevSecOps) pipeline to support our software repository and perform automated testing of the products as part of best practices in software development and acquisition. We are also doing full end-to-end information assurance accreditation.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThough only the UH-60M work has been performed so far, the work done on ARCM could also be used with CH-47F Chinook and AH-64 Apache helicopters, as well as the Gray Eagle uncrewed aircraft system (UAS). The Army\u2019s Future Vertical Lift (FVL) platforms could also take advantage of the modeling done for ARCM.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe FACE model provides the ability to unambiguously communicate about interfaces,\u201d Tompkins said. \u201cWe have all the contextual meaning for the data so that when we hand this over, there\u2019s no question about what the data is and how to interpret the messages. We have captured all of that in the model.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond ensuring compatibility with existing Black Hawk systems, GTRI is also making sure the replacement interface \u2013 graphics and buttons that control the radio equipment \u2013 makes sense to the aircrews that will use it. \u201cWe recently completed another round of crew station working group meetings where we had pilots review our graphical user interface (GUI) and the functionality,\u201d said Tompkins. \u201cIt was very encouraging, and we continue to get positive user feedback.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is scheduled to deliver its full technical data package (TDP) to the Army in January 2024. The ARCM program will submit the software and its associated development artifacts to the Army for an airworthiness qualification to a DO-178C Design Assurance Level \u2018C\u2019 level of rigor in Q3 of fiscal year 2024. It will then be reviewed for a first test flight in early summer of that year. Once flight testing is over, ARCM and the new hardware can begin rolling out to Army units in 2025.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI expects to be part of the test flights and then move on to support the development of additional capabilities, including new waveforms being developed by the radio vendors. Discussions are also underway regarding potential applications to other Army rotorcraft.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOur goal is to have an ARCM release annually that brings new capabilities,\u201d Tompkins said. \u201cWith software-defined radios, the vendors are constantly innovating and improving waveforms. We want to get those enhancements out to aircrews as soon as possible.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ARCM program has involved multiple labs within GTRI, as well as Tucson Embedded Systems, which is a FACE Verification Authority.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe have put together a great multidisciplinary team of modelers, software developers, information assurance experts, human factors specialists, and human systems engineers,\u201d Tompkins said. \u201cIt\u2019s been a spectacular project \u2013 working with a wonderful team \u2013 and I\u2019m really excited to see the first test flight.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDISCLAIMER: This article contains views and opinions that are not official U.S. Army positions.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $940 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EUsing a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach, researchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing the software necessary to integrate new control, radio, and cryptographic capabilities into UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters, which are mainstays of the U.S. Army\u2019s helicopter fleet.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Using a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach, GTRI researchers are developing software to integrate new capabilities into UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters, which are mainstays of the U.S. Army\u2019s helicopter fleet."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-12-15 14:00:02","changed_gmt":"2023-12-15 14:08:44","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-12-15T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2023-12-15T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"672602":{"id":"672602","type":"image","title":"GTRI Senior Research Engineer Scott Tompkins is shown reconfiguring an Air Ground Networking Radio (AGNR) for testing","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EGTRI Senior Research Engineer Scott Tompkins is shown reconfiguring an Air Ground Networking Radio (AGNR) for testing at a lab bench. (Credit: Sean McNeil)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1702648118","gmt_created":"2023-12-15 13:48:38","changed":"1702648516","gmt_changed":"2023-12-15 13:55:16","alt":"GTRI Senior Research Engineer Scott Tompkins is shown reconfiguring an Air Ground Networking Radio (AGNR) for testing","file":{"fid":"255877","name":"ARCM_09_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/12\/15\/ARCM_09_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/12\/15\/ARCM_09_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1659607,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/12\/15\/ARCM_09_0.jpg?itok=IQ0AqTt1"}},"672603":{"id":"672603","type":"image","title":"AGNR control head unit (CHU)","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAGNR control head unit (CHU) showing the pilot vehicle interface (PVI) for the GTRI-developed Aviation Radio Control (ARCM) software. (Credit: Sean McNeil)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1702648544","gmt_created":"2023-12-15 13:55:44","changed":"1702648618","gmt_changed":"2023-12-15 13:56:58","alt":"AGNR control head unit (CHU)","file":{"fid":"255878","name":"2023_0907_images_ARCM_Scott Tompkins_HRC_14.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/12\/15\/2023_0907_images_ARCM_Scott%20Tompkins_HRC_14.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/12\/15\/2023_0907_images_ARCM_Scott%20Tompkins_HRC_14.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":919548,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/12\/15\/2023_0907_images_ARCM_Scott%20Tompkins_HRC_14.JPG?itok=LiVljyf1"}}},"media_ids":["672602","672603"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"3336","name":"army"},{"id":"193362","name":"Blackhawk helicopter"},{"id":"13180","name":"MBSE"},{"id":"193363","name":"MOSA"},{"id":"193364","name":"ARCM"},{"id":"193365","name":"Aviation Radio Control Manager"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"670474":{"#nid":"670474","#data":{"type":"news","title":" Georgia Tech Experts Shed Light on Israel-Hamas War ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003EIn the month following Hamas\u0027 attacks in Israel, the war between the two sides has continued to escalate. As casualties increase, humanitarian concerns grow, and calls for a cease-fire mount, the situation remains volatile. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003ESince the war began with the killing of an estimated 1,200 Israelis and the taking of more than 200 hostages by Hamas, the Gazan death toll is estimated to have surpassed 11,000, and over 1.6 million residents have been displaced. Israel has rejected cease-fire calls to this point, but a deal with Hamas resulted in a four-day pause in fighting in exchange for the release of 50 hostages. Israel has begun to release about 150 Palestinian prisoners \u2014 primarily women and children \u2014 and is allowing up to 300 aid trucks into Gaza. An additional \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2023\/11\/27\/hamas-israel-hostage-fighting-pause-extended-gaza\u0022 style=\u0022color:#954f72; text-decoration:underline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003Etwo-day pause\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E was also brokered, including the release of an additional 20 Israeli hostages.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003EThe deal offers hope that \u201cthere are lines of communication open, which, as we\u0027ve just seen in the U.S.-China context, is important in and of itself between hostile or adversarial actors,\u201d said Rachel Whitlark, political scientist and associate professor of international affairs in the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u201cIt\u0027s not clear that the current developments signal anything about what might happen with the additional hostages being held by Hamas or those being held by Palestinian Islamic Jihad. And the deal will likely allow Israel to continue its military campaign to rid itself of a neighbor committed to its destruction, perhaps more aggressively given that these hostages have been released.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3 class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#242424\u0022\u003EIdentifying an End Goal\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:black\u0022\u003EThe temporary peace will be welcomed in the region that has seen nonstop violence since Oct. 7, but when the fighting resumes, the pressure on Israel to identify an end goal will increase, explains Lawrence Rubin, associate professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:black\u0022\u003E\u0022What happens the day after you topple Hamas? But also, what happens if Israel doesn\u2019t eliminate Hamas?\u0022 said Rubin, who recently traveled to the Middle East for the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/en\/events\/manama-dialogue\/manama-dialogue-2023\/\u0022 style=\u0022color:#954f72; text-decoration:underline\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#954f72\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003EIISS Manama Dialogue\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:black\u0022\u003E. \u201cAnother sticking point is that many Arab leaders are publicly unwilling to discuss any post-conflict scenario until the fighting stops. Leaders in Egypt and Jordan, for example, face populations who would view discussions about their countries\u2019 participation in a post-conflict Gaza as allowing Israel to complete its destruction of Gaza. Arab leaders don\u2019t want to be held responsible for cleaning up Israel\u2019s military operation.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:black\u0022\u003EHamas\u0027 relationship with the Jewish state complicates any large-scale political compromise with the organization.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:black\u0022\u003E\u0022Hamas is not an entity that even believes in a two-state solution. It is bent on Israel\u2019s destruction and is unlikely to relinquish power. Israel has vowed to eliminate Hamas. A long-term political compromise at this stage seems highly unlikely,\u201d Rubin said.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003EIsraeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu recently reiterated the intent to \u0022destroy Hamas,\u0022 and said Israel would maintain \u201coverall military responsibility\u201d in Gaza until it can ensure that there is no resurgence of terrorism in the region. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken affirmed the administration\u0027s position that Gaza cannot continue to be run by Hamas following the war. He also shared that conversations took place prior to the hostage deal, directing Israeli leaders to minimize harm to Palestinian civilians and increasing aid into Gaza.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#242424\u0022\u003EWhitlark explains that the U.S. has effectively used its modest tools of persuasion and diplomatic pressure to attempt to modify behavior in the war, yet faces additional challenges in its handling of multiple conflicts around the globe. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#0e101a\u0022\u003E\u0022The Biden administration is juggling tensions both within the Democratic Party and with the Israeli government,\u201d she said. \u201cThey are trying to manage the mounting civilian casualties in the conflict and the divisions in Congress, and among Democrats in particular, over U.S. support for Israel. This aid to Israel is also tied up with aid to Ukraine, another democracy that was attacked by a neighbor, that the U.S. is working hard to assist in its military campaign. Further, the administration had been putting significant pressure on Netanyahu to try to gain additional humanitarian aid, humanitarian pauses, and accept a deal to get some of the hostages released. Meanwhile, as we understand from the president\u0027s \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2023\/11\/18\/joe-biden-gaza-hamas-putin\/\u0022 style=\u0022color:#954f72; text-decoration:underline\u0022\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003EWashington Post\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E op-ed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#0e101a\u0022\u003E last week, he is working for the longer-term future for a lasting peace, protecting democracies from encroaching aggression, and regional and global stability.\u0022 \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:black\u0022\u003EIn an interview with a Lebanese television outlet, Ghazi Hamad, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/hamas-official-says-group-aims-to-repeat-oct-7-onslaught-many-times-to-destroy-israel\/\u0022 style=\u0022color:#954f72; text-decoration:underline\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#954f72\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003Ea Hamas leader\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003E, stated the group\u0027s intention to repeatedly attack Israel \u0022a second, a third, a fourth time\u0022 while expressing the organization\u0027s belief that their actions are justified as victims of occupation. Along with the targeted attack on perceived military infrastructure, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) claimed to have killed dozens of Hamas commanders, according to \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/nov\/08\/israeli-airstrikes-on-gaza-have-killed-dozens-of-hamas-commanders-says-idf\u0022 style=\u0022color:#954f72; text-decoration:underline\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#954f72\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003EThe Guardian\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003E. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003EIsrael\u0027s ground operation began in northern Gaza in late October, and in addition to the mounting pressure to reduce civilian casualties, there could be major economic ramifications of a drawn-out war.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003E\u201cIsrael\u2019s operational time has lasted longer than many would have expected, but it is still working on borrowed time. As international pressure on Israel mounts, U.S. leaders will continue to push harder for ways to reduce a rising civilian death toll,\u201d Rubin said.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3 class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003EA Second Battle: Misinformation\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003EAs Israeli forces operate in Gaza City, the IDF recently gained control of Al-Shifa Hospital, which it asserts was being used to house a Hamas command center in underground tunnels. An initial raid of the compound revealed duffel bags filled with weapons, ammunition, and other military equipment, but Hamas continues to deny claims that the hospital is being used as a front and asserts that the IDF planted the evidence.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003EWith many claims unable to be independently verified, Rubin says a \u0022misinformation problem\u0022 exists as the war goes on, and the world is watching it play out through social media and the internet. \u201cIt\u0027s almost to the extent that it doesn\u0027t even matter that we\u0027ve seen the truth when it comes out because people won\u0027t believe it, and there\u0027s denial about it,\u0022 he said.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003EHe also noted that Hamas understands the value of disinformation and its ability to pit the U.S. against itself. The unfolding hostage deal will not end this conflict, Rubin says, predicting the information battle will continue until the physical fighting resumes.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3 class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003ELooking Ahead\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:medium\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;, serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#000000\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-style:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-weight:400\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022white-space:normal\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022text-decoration:none\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022vertical-align:baseline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003EIn terms of further escalation in the region, Rubin observed that Iran does not seem eager to jump into the fray. Hezbollah, a terrorist group based in Lebanon, has launched several attacks, but to this point, no second front has been opened in Northern Israel. That said, Whitlark notes that \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/11\/23\/irans-top-diplomat-discusses-israels-war-in-gaza-with-hezbollah-leader\u0022 style=\u0022color:#954f72; text-decoration:underline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003Ea recent meeting\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#323130\u0022\u003E between \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11pt\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-family:Calibri, sans-serif\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#242424\u0022\u003Ean Iranian leader and Hezbollah\u0027s leadership reminds the international community that a broader conflict remains a possibility if the war between Israel and Hamas continues to escalate.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp class=\u0022paragraph\u0022 style=\u0022text-align:start\u0022\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cem\u003E*The below story was originally posted Oct. 17, 2023.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAttacks carried out by Hamas in Israel, along with subsequent strikes in Gaza and a declaration of war from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, have resulted in global unrest. Georgia Tech experts offer their thoughts on the conflict, what comes next, and what role the United States will play. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EWhat Happened?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOn the Jewish Sabbath, which coincided with the holiday of Simchat Torah, 3,000 Hamas militants crossed into Israel and executed a coordinated attack on Israeli civilians and military personnel by land, sea, and air, killing an estimated 1,400.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the latest count, nearly 200 hostages were taken, including Americans and people from other countries. The attacks caught Israel Defense Forces (IDF) by surprise in what \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/lawrence-rubin\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ELawrence Rubin\u003C\/a\u003E, associate professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, described as one of the biggest intelligence failures since the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022It is too early to make a definitive assessment as to why this intelligence failure occurred. However, it\u2019s clear that there was a heavy reliance on technology and a certain amount of complacency in thinking that the threat from Hamas was contained and the greater Palestinian threat was in the West Bank. Israel had also been much more focused on the Iranian nuclear threat,\u0022 said Rubin, author of \u003Cem\u003EIslam in the Balance: Ideational Threat in Arab Politics\u003C\/em\u003E. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFollowing Netanyahu\u0027s vow to \u0022avenge this dark day\u0022 and win the ensuing war despite an inevitable \u0022unbearable price,\u0022 Israel quickly launched counterstrikes in Gaza, which have killed and wounded thousands. The conflict has escalated to a level not seen in the region in decades.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EWhat\u0027s Next?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAs Israel contemplates its next strategic move, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/jenna-jordan\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EJenna Jordan\u003C\/a\u003E, associate professor and associate chair of the Nunn School, said a ground invasion into Gaza could play into Hamas\u0027 goals of undermining diplomatic efforts in the Middle East and gaining support among the Palestinian people and the broader international community. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022A ground invasion could result in major civilian casualties in Gaza, creating a humanitarian crisis. Hamas anticipated that a massive retaliatory response would change the tide of sentiment to their favor, mobilizing new recruits, support, and allies. Hamas seeks to appear as the most committed group fighting for and protecting the Palestinian people. These highly visible operations are a way for the group to demonstrate that they are more resolved and a stronger advocate for the Palestinian cause than Fatah and the Palestinian Authority,\u0022 she said. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EJordan, author of \u003Cem\u003ELeadership Decapitation: Strategic Targeting of Terrorist Organizations\u003C\/em\u003E, explained that Hamas, which rose to power in Gaza and the West Bank in 2006 after winning 44.5% of the seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council, has already achieved an important strategic objective by seizing the attention of the international community and placing Israel in a strategic conundrum. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Israel is under pressure to respond with force given the scale of the attack, as is every nation in the wake of a major terrorist attack,\u0022 she said. \u0022The U.S. faced a similar decision in the aftermath of 9\/11 and launched a very long and costly ground invasion into Iraq starting in 2003. This fueled the rise of Al Qaeda in Iraq, and eventually ISIS. It is imperative that Israel considers whether its counter operations will backlash and create more support for extremism in the region.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe possibility that Iran will intervene is the biggest wild card and could carry the greatest risk for regional conflict and escalation, according to Rubin. An \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2023\/10\/14\/iran-warning-israel-hezbollah-hamas-war-gaza\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAxios report\u003C\/a\u003E states that Iran plans to intervene should a ground operation in Gaza occur and this could take the form of supporting Hezbollah operations against Israel if it opens a second front. Rubin warns this would bring the conflict to an entirely different level.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EU.S. Involvement\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe United States has offered its unwavering support for Israel, but President Joe Biden warned that invading Gaza would be a \u0022big mistake.\u0022 He announced plans to visit Israel before traveling to Jordan to meet with his Majesty King Abdullah, Egyptian President Sisi, and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFollowing the attacks on Oct. 7, the U.S. positioned an aircraft carrier, the USS Ford, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea as a deterrent, and a second carrier was deployed to the region on Oct. 15. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAs the U.S. continues to support the Ukrainian war effort against Russia, Rubin explained that the new conflict could shift the nation\u0027s focus further away from China. Should this conflict continue, it may erode previous efforts at bringing the Saudis and Israelis together to normalize relations, which already had plenty of challenges to begin with, Rubin said. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003ENational Trauma and Negotiations \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAn IDF spokesperson called the Hamas attacks Israel\u0027s 9\/11. Rubin speculated that it might be worse than that for Israel because the attacks have conjured images of pogroms and the Holocaust. He said Israel\u0027s small population exacerbates the sense of national trauma and could decrease the likelihood of a non-military response. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAlmost everyone in Israel, particularly Jewish Israelis, knows someone who was killed, wounded, or kidnapped. Combined with the effect of having women and children held hostage, with reports of rape circulating on social media, this will reduce Israel\u2019s willingness to compromise,\u201d Rubin said.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhether Hamas can withstand Israel\u0027s efforts to restrict the flow of resources into Gaza and likely attacks on its leadership remains to be seen, explained Jordan. President Biden said on 60 Minutes that he supports the elimination of Hamas entirely, but Jordan noted that organizations such as Hamas \u2014 with popular support, a bureaucratized organizational structure, and a strong ideological foundation \u2014 are extraordinarily resilient. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s important to remember that ideology can become more entrenched in the face of violence and heavy-handed counterreactions on the part of the state fighting that particular group,\u0022 she said.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EOn Campus\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EJordan and Rubin, along with Associate Professor \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/rachel-whitlark\u0022\u003ERachel Whitlark\u003C\/a\u003E and Lawrence Silverman, U.S. ambassador to Kuwait from 2016 to 2019, will host a virtual discussion titled \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/events\/item\/670367\/israel-hamas\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EIsrael and Hamas at War\u003C\/a\u003E on Wednesday, Oct. 18, at noon.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe following resources and services are available to members of the Georgia Tech community:\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/mentalhealth.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ECenter for Mental Health Care and Resources\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/mentalhealth.gatech.edu\/programs-trainings\/lets-talk\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ELet\u2019s Talk program\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/mentalhealth.gatech.edu\/programs-trainings\/satellite-counselors\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESatellite Counseling program\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003EThrough a partnership with \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.christiecampus.com\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EChristie Campus Health\u003C\/a\u003E, sponsored by the University System of Georgia, students can access 24\/7 assistance by calling 404.894.2575 to get immediate assistance from a counselor. Students can also visit the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtwellnesshub.com\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EGT Wellness Hub webpage\u003C\/a\u003E for more self-care resources. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/studentlife.gatech.edu\/about\/dean-students\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EDean of Students Office\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003EAdvocacy and assistance: If you are concerned about a student who may be in distress or believe that a student may need personal support, the Dean of Students Office accepts \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/referral.studentlife.gatech.edu\/referral-form\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ethird party referrals\u003C\/a\u003E from faculty and staff. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/oie.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EOffice of International Education\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:info@oie.gatech.edu\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Einfo@oie.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E \u2013 Students needing support (or faculty\/staff consultation) can contact the office via this address.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cp\u003ECampus \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/diversityprograms.gatech.edu\/content\/spirituality\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Echaplains\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\t\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"full_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"As the war unfolds, Tech experts offer their thoughts on what happened, what comes next, and how the U.S. will be involved."}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAs the war unfolds, Tech experts offer their thoughts on what happened, what comes next, and how the U.S. will be involved.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"As the war unfolds, Tech experts offer their thoughts on what happened, what comes next, and how the U.S. will be involved."}],"uid":"36418","created_gmt":"2023-10-17 16:47:26","changed_gmt":"2023-11-28 15:16:46","author":"sgagliano3","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-10-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-10-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"672066":{"id":"672066","type":"image","title":"Israel Map","body":null,"created":"1697561376","gmt_created":"2023-10-17 16:49:36","changed":"1697561376","gmt_changed":"2023-10-17 16:49:36","alt":"Israel Map","file":{"fid":"255249","name":"GettyImages-110925335.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/10\/17\/GettyImages-110925335.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/10\/17\/GettyImages-110925335.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":10727296,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/10\/17\/GettyImages-110925335.jpg?itok=u4nmHTsH"}}},"media_ids":["672066"],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"151","name":"Policy, Social Sciences, and Liberal Arts"}],"keywords":[{"id":"183658","name":"US Foreign Policy"},{"id":"4062","name":"Middle East"},{"id":"4045","name":"Israel"},{"id":"12541","name":"Palestine"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71871","name":"Campus and Community"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ESteven Gagliano - Institute Communications\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["steven.gagliano@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"670821":{"#nid":"670821","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Ranges of the Future Will Enhance Joint Warfighter Training and Readiness","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETraining ranges across the United States and around the world help pilots and aircrew members stay at the top of their game, all while adopting the new tactics and equipment necessary to address the changing threat environment. A training solution known as WarRoom is helping fulfill the program\u2019s tagline, \u201cBetter Training. Faster.\u201d by integrating disparate training applications and systems at the ranges.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWarRoom, part of the U.S. Air Force\u2019s Live Mission Operations Capability (LMOC) program, has now been installed at over 20 different training ranges around the world. It brings together as many as a dozen programs that provide information on potential threats, handle radio communications, analyze aircraft engagements, support mission planning, and display a fused combat operating picture. WarRoom operates on non-proprietary commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) computer systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat WarRoom does is comparable to how modern smartphones brought together separate pagers, cameras, mobile phones, electronic calendars, and other devices, explained Joel Rasmussen, a research engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), which developed WarRoom and an allied display application known as Angel for the U.S. Air Force.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe whole concept of LMOC is to get more competency into the brains of our warfighters in less time,\u201d he said. \u201cMore efficient training helps warfighters improve more quickly, allowing the collective capabilities of our Air Force to elevate. We can also replicate and adapt to changing enemy capabilities because this system is designed to be agile.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETraining ranges provide valuable assistance to pilots and aircrews, allowing them to battle \u201cred team\u201d opponents and learn new tactics and techniques in a controlled environment. WarRoom increases the training value of each training mission to help prepare warfighters for combat.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBy providing a common hardware\/software operating platform for combat training ranges, WarRoom also allows new applications to be quickly installed and updated. Previously, new applications had to be installed individually at the ranges, a time-consuming process.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe can host these applications on a single server cluster and give them to everybody who needs them,\u201d Rasmussen said. \u201cThe main thing is that every range, no matter the size, can have the best tools available. There are many advantages to having a common platform for the ranges.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn developing the WarRoom, a team headed by GTRI Systems Research Manager Ed Loeffler virtualized legacy range systems so they could operate on a common architecture. That allows all the applications to run on virtual machines, which reduces maintenance and hardware upgrade costs \u2013 and facilitates data sharing. Loeffler\u2019s team is experienced in scalable and interconnected live-synthetic, hybrid, and digital architectures and environments with redundant, fail-safe capabilities that can be rapidly reconfigured between unit-level or large-force test and training events and wargaming exercises.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor ranges that don\u2019t yet have WarRoom, GTRI has developed a scripted deployment process that reduces the overall installation time. \u201cThis has turned a months-long integration effort into a couple of days with a pre-approved Authority to Operate (ATO). That really helps with getting a new installation approved and accredited, and also ensures that we have good repeatability at each of the ranges,\u201d Loeffler said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWarRoom can easily accommodate new applications thanks to the Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA). Additionally, several ranges using WarRoom are now connected using the Live Mission Operations Network (LMON).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cBeyond the existing WarRoom systems, GTRI has several additional installations scheduled, along with multiple updates. A typical new WarRoom install requires the team to be on-site for less than a month for installation, integration, and user training,\u201d Rasmussen said.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA key component of WarRoom is a new display system known as Angel that supports blended training for the combat air force. Angel is a versatile visualization tool not limited to legacy data formats or architectures, does not use any proprietary data models, and is not tied to any specific ground system.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWarRoom also supports Live Virtual Constructive (LVC), which will allow a live person in a real aircraft to interact with a live person in a simulator \u2013 or an artificial intelligence or \u201cconstructive\u201d entity on a computer. While this training component hasn\u2019t yet been fully implemented, WarRoom is designed to enable LVC by integrating all the data necessary for it in a single platform.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBased on input from warfighters, WarRoom has been in development since 2019 and has been implemented incrementally over time. This has allowed the research team to respond to the changing needs identified by users \u2013 and new threats that have arisen.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EJared Lyon, a GTRI Senior Research Engineer in the Phoenix Field Office, has been involved with the project since its inception. \u201cWe frequently solicit and receive feedback from the people using the system so we can make sure it does exactly what they need,\u201d Lyon said. \u201cWe recently hosted more than a dozen system users in our Phoenix field office to get input. We were making changes to the product in real-time, trying to understand challenges from the warfighters\u2019 perspective.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThough developed for the Air Force, WarRoom may expand to other Department of Defense branches that also could benefit by integrating their training range software. Using a common platform could facilitate more interaction between the services, Rasmussen said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWarRoom is a major project for GTRI involving more than 40 researchers altogether. The work is principally being done in three field offices \u2013 Utah, Phoenix, and Orlando \u2013 as well as GTRI headquarters in Atlanta. More than a dozen subcontractors have been involved, including Space Dynamics Lab and Raytheon Solipsys.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to the GTRI researchers already mentioned, the project has included Principal Research Engineer Mike \u201cScratch\u201d Fitzpatrick and Principal Research Associate Mike Naes.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cstrong\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA training solution known as WarRoom is helping fulfill the U.S. Air Force\u0027s program\u2019s tagline, \u201cBetter Training. Faster.\u201d by integrating disparate training applications and systems at the ranges.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute have developed a new training program for the U.S. Air Force, that will enable warfighters to address changing threat environments better and faster. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-11-01 16:27:17","changed_gmt":"2023-11-01 17:11:16","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-11-01T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-11-01T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"672239":{"id":"672239","type":"image","title":"Angel Common Operational Picture (COP) Display","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EImage shows the Angel Common Operational Picture (COP) Display.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1698855853","gmt_created":"2023-11-01 16:24:13","changed":"1698855946","gmt_changed":"2023-11-01 16:25:46","alt":"Angel Common Operational Picture (COP) Display","file":{"fid":"255446","name":"angel-image-website.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/11\/01\/angel-image-website.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/11\/01\/angel-image-website.png","mime":"image\/png","size":287992,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/11\/01\/angel-image-website.png?itok=gzuDGr5H"}}},"media_ids":["672239"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"9696","name":"US Air Force"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"},{"id":"193233","name":"WarRoom"},{"id":"191158","name":"protecting warfighters"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"670185":{"#nid":"670185","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Battlefield Obscurants Could Give Warfighters a Visability Advantage","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EClouds of tiny structures that are lighter than feathers \u2013 and whose properties can be remotely controlled by radio frequency (RF) signals \u2013 could one day give U.S. warfighters and their allies the ability to observe their adversaries while reducing how well they themselves can be seen.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing miniaturized electronics and advanced optical techniques, this new generation of tailorable, tunable, and safe battlefield obscurants \u2013 which could be quickly turned on and off \u2013 could provide an asymmetric visibility advantage. Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are among several teams funded to develop a new generation of battlefield obscurants as part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency\u2019s (DARPA) Coded Visibility (CV) program.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESmoke screens created to hide troop movements or ships at sea have been used in past conflicts. Often based on burning fuel oil, these conventional techniques have many disadvantages, including limiting the visibility of both sides and using materials that are potentially harmful to warfighters. The new approach being developed at Georgia Tech will instead use lightweight and non-toxic electrically reconfigurable structures that would form obscuring plumes able to hang in the air over a battlefield.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENanophotonic Technologies Change Properties\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe will bring nanophotonic structures into the real world and be able to change their properties remotely without having direct contact such as with an optical fiber,\u201d said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/directory\/ali-adibi\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAli Adibi\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, a professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E and the project\u2019s principal investigator. \u201cThey could be part of a cloud of nanostructures formed from a foil material with different dimensions, from millimeters to centimeters. They could include an antenna and diode or heater that would allow them to respond to an RF signal, changing their properties to collectively affect light passing through.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe transparent foil structures might be used to change the optical properties of the plume to favor visibility in one direction, depending on the RF signal sent. With differences in their sizes and properties, the plumes could include a variety of structures that would respond to different frequencies, potentially allowing the obscurant cloud to be tuned for conditions.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe will utilize a known electromagnetic concept that, by having a different distribution of scattering properties and absorptive properties, will allow us to control the asymmetric visibility,\u201d he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAdibi\u2019s research group has pioneered development of reconfigurable nanophotonic devices, fabricating phase-change optical materials that transition from amorphous to crystalline. The technique has been used to change such properties as the colors reflected from the structures.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStructures Take Advantage of Optical Properties\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETransparent materials like the foils planned for use in the project can also reflect light, similar to the way a car\u2019s windshield allows drivers to see out \u2013 while also creating reflections, noted Brent Wagner, a co-principal investigator of the project and a principal research scientist at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA transparent material will reflect light, just because it\u2019s in air, which gives it a different refractive index,\u201d he said. \u201cThe light doesn\u2019t have to reflect back in the direction it came from. It can reflect to the right or left, or even back through itself. The clouds we will be creating will tend to scatter light, which means the light carrying information will get bounced at different angles.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe coded visibility plumes likely won\u2019t permit picture-perfect visibility, but should give friendly forces enough information to tell what an enemy is doing. At this stage, the researchers don\u2019t know how well the technique will ultimately work, though modeling the scattering and absorption is so far encouraging.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019ll be doing a lot of modeling and simulation looking at the kind of obscurants that can be created and the scattering properties at different light angles and wavelengths,\u201d Wagner explained. \u201cWe\u2019ll create a cloud model to study where the particles are and how they are oriented.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInterdisciplinary Tradeoffs Guide Decisions\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers are using machine learning to help select optimal phase-change materials that can be altered with minimal power. The AI technique will also help the team design the most efficient antennas and maximize the extent to which the particles can be reconfigured by the RF signals.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThese nanophotonic devices will be very small, but we will need to reach each one of them and provide enough power to change their properties,\u201d Adibi noted. \u201cThe more power that is needed to create that change, the more sophisticated the antennas will have to be.\u201d During the final phase of the multi-year project, the team will conduct a demonstration of their reconfigurable obscurant in a 27-cubic meter instrumented test room. That will require producing large volumes of particles and demonstrating how their manufacture could be scaled up for actual use.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project has brought together multiple specialties to the research team, which includes approximately a dozen faculty members, postdoctoral fellows, and students from the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E and GTRI. Additional key contributors to this multidisciplinary research project included Oliver Pierson and John Stewart of GTRI as well as Prof. Seung Soon Jang of Georgia Tech.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis is a true multidisciplinary project that combines technologies such as antenna design and electromagnetics with circuit design concepts and optical materials, optical devices, and AI with system-level electromagnetic analysis and characterization,\u201d Adibi said. \u201cWe will also need to consider the effects of wind, how the clouds move and other factors. Expertise from all of these disciplines will be essential to making the project successful.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/a\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $940 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EClouds of tiny structures that are lighter than feathers \u2013 and whose properties can be remotely controlled by radio frequency (RF) signals \u2013 could one day give U.S. warfighters and their allies the ability to observe their adversaries while reducing how well they themselves can be seen.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are among several teams funded to develop a new generation of battlefield obscurants as part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency\u2019s (DARPA) Coded Visibility (CV) program. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-10-05 14:35:20","changed_gmt":"2023-10-05 14:38:51","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-10-05T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-10-05T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671948":{"id":"671948","type":"image","title":"Testing Electronic Circuitry on a Nanophotonic Structure ","body":"\u003Cp\u003EElectronic circuitry on a nanophotonic structure under test will change the optical properties of the structure when it absorbs radio frequency energy. (Credit: Christopher Moore)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1696516072","gmt_created":"2023-10-05 14:27:52","changed":"1696516259","gmt_changed":"2023-10-05 14:30:59","alt":"Testing Electronic Circuitry on a Nanophotonic Structure ","file":{"fid":"255113","name":"PHOTO_Light Changing Sensor_018.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/10\/05\/PHOTO_Light%20Changing%20Sensor_018.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/10\/05\/PHOTO_Light%20Changing%20Sensor_018.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1091462,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/10\/05\/PHOTO_Light%20Changing%20Sensor_018.jpg?itok=lCpIuXeE"}},"671949":{"id":"671949","type":"image","title":"Team of GTRI Researchers Testing Nanophotonic Devices","body":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute are shown in the anechoic chamber where nanophotonic devices were tested. Shown are Connor Frost, Zhitao Kang, Ryan Westafer, Joshua Kovitz, Brent Wagner and Taylor Shapero. (Credit: Christopher Moore)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1696516279","gmt_created":"2023-10-05 14:31:19","changed":"1696516372","gmt_changed":"2023-10-05 14:32:52","alt":"Team of GTRI Researchers Testing Nanophotonic Devices","file":{"fid":"255114","name":"PHOTO_Light Changing Sensor_011.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/10\/05\/PHOTO_Light%20Changing%20Sensor_011.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/10\/05\/PHOTO_Light%20Changing%20Sensor_011.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2211823,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/10\/05\/PHOTO_Light%20Changing%20Sensor_011.jpg?itok=7GFf2nKy"}}},"media_ids":["671948","671949"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"191006","name":"battlefield"},{"id":"193131","name":"Coded Visibility program"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"id":"193132","name":"RF signal"},{"id":"191158","name":"protecting warfighters"},{"id":"9167","name":"machine learning"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"669938":{"#nid":"669938","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI\u2019s DART Program Supports DoD Research Opportunities for HBCUs ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EHistorically black colleges and universities, or HBCUs, contribute an estimated \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/uncf.org\/programs\/hbcu-impact\u0022\u003E$15 billion\u003C\/a\u003E to the U.S. economy each year and produce \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/uncf.org\/the-latest\/by-the-numbers-how-hbcus-stack-up\u0022\u003Eone-fourth\u003C\/a\u003E of all Black graduates with critical degrees in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). But funding inequities prevent many HBCUs from providing the necessary infrastructure to perform impactful research, including in the defense space.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is addressing that challenge through its Defense-University Affiliated Research Traineeship (DART) Program. DART\u2019s main goal is to leverage the pipeline of researchers underrepresented in STEM and accelerate their awareness, knowledge, access, and opportunities in research and development (R\u0026amp;D) contracting for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). GTRI launched DART as a pilot program this summer where it partnered with a faculty member and an undergraduate student at Alabama A\u0026amp;M University (AAMU) in Huntsville, Alabama, to conduct research for the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation \u0026amp; Missile Center (AvMC).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cGTRI has benefitted from almost 90 years of DoD research, which has taught us a lot about how to build out our infrastructure,\u201d said Lee Simonetta, a GTRI principal research engineer who serves as DART\u2019s principal investigator (PI). \u201cOur partnership with Alabama A\u0026amp;M was a mentor-prot\u00e9g\u00e9 opportunity, where we provided the research facility and capabilities and they contributed their exceptional talent and expertise as we worked together to address a pressing need for one of our sponsors.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI hosted AAMU\u2019s Kenneth Sartor, an assistant professor of math, and Malcolm Echols, a fourth-year electrical engineering student, at its research facility in Huntsville. Sartor and Echols worked under the guidance of GTRI Principal Research Engineer Eric Grigorian. Grigorian is also the chief engineer and division \u003Cspan\u003Echief of GTRI\u2019s Applied Systems Laboratory\u2019s (ASL) Architecture and Systems Development Division.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EThe group\u2019s research project involved using machine learning to improve predictive maintenance for the Army\u2019s helicopters.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the DoD realm, predictive maintenance is used to predict the failure of the components of weapon and delivery systems so that they can be replaced before they fail. The technique is particularly beneficial for military equipment as its frequent exposure to harsh conditions can make it more prone to wear and tear.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMachine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that can rapidly learn from data, identify patterns, and make recommendations with minimal human intervention. The technology could optimize predictive maintenance by collecting and analyzing data in a fraction of the time it takes humans and reduce uncertainties around when assets might fail.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAAMU and GTRI developed and incorporated advanced machine learning algorithms into AvMC\u2019s data repository of helicopter maintenance records to augment its maintenance prediction models.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOur group developed a few algorithms that AvMC had not yet considered, which was great progress for an initial study,\u201d said Grigorian. \u201cKen\u2019s mathematical background and Malcolm\u2019s technical knowledge really enhanced the solutions we developed, and I enjoyed working with them and learning from them.\u201d\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESartor, who holds a Ph.D. in applied mathematics from Florida Institute of Technology and a master\u2019s and bachelor\u2019s degree \u2013 both in electrical engineering \u2013 from North Carolina A\u0026amp;T University and the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), respectively, called his collaboration with GTRI a full-circle moment.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis program gave me a chance to kind of take all those skills I developed in my career since graduating from Georgia Tech and apply them this past summer,\u201d Sartor said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBefore joining AAMU in 2012, Sartor spent his career in private industry, including working for and ultimately retiring from Northrop Grumman as a systems engineer, where he gained expertise in topics such as algorithm development, modeling and simulation, and systems analysis.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOne of the reasons I went into teaching is because both of my parents were teachers and I have always had a passion for giving back to the next generation, including showing students how to use concepts they learn in the classroom to solve real-world problems.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESartor said Echols\u2019 technical skills, including his coding experience, along with his tenacity and eagerness to learn, made him a great fit for the program.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEchols said Sartor\u2019s academic and DoD research experience helped him achieve maximum success. He also called DART an eye-opening experience that gave him the confidence to tackle new challenges. Echols will be returning to GTRI to work as a student researcher during the 2023-2024 school year.\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThroughout the summer, Dr. Sartor kept reminding me to not just limit my thinking to the academic world, but to the actual problem we were looking to solve,\u201d Echols said. \u201cIt was a big adjustment, but it also a great experience. I learned a lot.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom FY 2010 to FY 2020, about $67 billion in DoD science and technology funding was awarded to 1,183 institutions of higher education, of which 157, or about 13%, were HBCUs or other minority-serving institutions (MSIs), according to a \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/nap.nationalacademies.org\/read\/26399\/chapter\/1\u0022\u003Erecent study\u003C\/a\u003E from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. But HBCUs and MSIs received only 1.3% of the total DoD research funding awarded to all institutions of higher education, the data found.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study identified three areas as crucial for HBCUs and MSIs to build their capacity and compete for DoD funding: One, a strong institutional research and contract base, including appropriate physical research facilities and skilled research support to enable competitiveness; two, research faculty support, including an articulated vision and support for a research climate and culture by institutional leadership, faculty teaching workloads that allow time for research pursuits, and department\/college-based research staff and administrative support; and three, ancillary services, including effective human resources processes and legal\/contracting assistance, and robust government relations teams.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAll of these schools share a similar story \u2013 they have talented, capable people, but are held back by a lack of infrastructure,\u201d said William H. Robinson, GTRI\u2019s deputy director for research for its Information and Cyber Sciences Directorate (ICSD). \u201cFor this pilot, we were able to navigate that challenge and I believe this is an area where GTRI can continue to provide mentorship going forward.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ELooking ahead, GTRI aims to expand DART to other HBCUs throughout the country.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cOne of our goals from the beginning was to develop champions, both faculty and students, at HBCUs who can advocate for the importance of DoD research,\u201d said GTRI Principal Research Engineer Erick Maxwell, who first developed the idea for the DART Program. \u201cAs we think about expanding this program to other HBCUs, we have this example of success through our work with Alabama A\u0026amp;M that we can continue to build on.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI\u2019s Huntsville Research Center (HRC) is the development and technology home for Army air defense systems, missile defense systems, and rotary wing aviation technology, among many other projects. GTRI Huntsville provides on-site research and engineering solutions and has a deep reach-back to GTRI\u2019s Atlanta-based laboratories.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EPhotos: Sean McNeil\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cspan\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $940\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Emillion of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThrough the Defense-University Affiliated Research Traineeship (DART) Program, the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is addressing the challenge of many HBCUs receiving the necessary infrastructure to perform impactful research, including in the defense space. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003EGTRI launched DART as a pilot program this summer, where it partnered with a faculty member and an undergraduate student at Alabama A\u0026amp;M University (AAMU) in Huntsville, Alabama, to conduct research for the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation \u0026amp; Missile Center (AvMC).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI launches its pilot Defense-University Affiliated Research Traineeship (DART) Program to leverage the pipeline of researchers underrepresented in STEM and accelerate their access and opportunities in research and development for the DoD."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-09-26 14:24:32","changed_gmt":"2023-09-26 14:36:59","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-09-26T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-09-26T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671831":{"id":"671831","type":"image","title":"GTRI Principal Research Engineer Eric Grigorian (left) leads a flight simulator presentation at GTRI\u0027s Huntsville Research Center","body":"\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Principal Research Engineer Eric Grigorian (left) served as the DART advisor for AAMU as they developed machine learning algorithms to improve predictive maintenance for the Army\u0027s helicopters. Here, he leads a flight simulator presentation at GTRI\u0027s Huntsville Research Center. (Photo Credit: Sean McNeil)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1695738047","gmt_created":"2023-09-26 14:20:47","changed":"1695738180","gmt_changed":"2023-09-26 14:23:00","alt":"GTRI Principal Research Engineer Eric Grigorian (left) leads a flight simulator presentation at GTRI\u0027s Huntsville Research Center","file":{"fid":"254967","name":"2023_0914_image_ASL_HRC Flight Simulator_05.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/26\/2023_0914_image_ASL_HRC%20Flight%20Simulator_05.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/26\/2023_0914_image_ASL_HRC%20Flight%20Simulator_05.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1606312,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/09\/26\/2023_0914_image_ASL_HRC%20Flight%20Simulator_05.JPG?itok=D4_Vpo5_"}},"671830":{"id":"671830","type":"image","title":"DART\u0027s AAMU Participants were Kenneth Sartor (left), and Malcolm Echols","body":"\u003Cp\u003EDART\u0027s AAMU participants were Kenneth Sartor (left), an assistant professor of math, and Malcolm Echols, a fourth-year electrical engineering student. (Photo Credit: Sean McNeil)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1695737877","gmt_created":"2023-09-26 14:17:57","changed":"1695738025","gmt_changed":"2023-09-26 14:20:25","alt":"DART\u0027s AAMU Participants were Kenneth Sartor (left), and Malcolm Echols","file":{"fid":"254966","name":"2023_0907_image_ASL_DART_Huntsville Research Center_13.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/26\/2023_0907_image_ASL_DART_Huntsville%20Research%20Center_13.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/26\/2023_0907_image_ASL_DART_Huntsville%20Research%20Center_13.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1955727,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/09\/26\/2023_0907_image_ASL_DART_Huntsville%20Research%20Center_13.JPG?itok=zkxYPUFJ"}}},"media_ids":["671831","671830"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"190220","name":"DART"},{"id":"8877","name":"HBCU"},{"id":"1564","name":"community"},{"id":"167441","name":"student research"},{"id":"193090","name":"Alabama A\u0026M University"},{"id":"193091","name":"AAMU"},{"id":"167258","name":"STEM"},{"id":"193092","name":"Huntsville Research Center"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"669806":{"#nid":"669806","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Advanced Radar Threat System Helps Aircrews Train to Evade Enemy Missiles","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Ch4\u003EU.S. pilots and aircrews will be safer flying into contested airspace thanks to training provided by a 142-ton threat simulator system that shows them how radars built to guide hostile surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) interact with warning systems on their aircraft.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Advanced Radar Threat System Variant 1 (ARTS-V1) will be used on training ranges to simulate how defensive systems on fifth-generation aircraft engage with a variety of modern target engagement radar systems used by other nations. Gaining experience with the radars and practicing responses to the threats are part of training that helps aircrews improve survivability and increase combat effectiveness.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cTarget engagement radars are directly coupled to hostile surface-to-air missile (SAM) batteries, so what we are doing with this simulated system is detecting and tracking targets just like the actual target engagement radar would do,\u201d said W. Jeffrey Rowe, a senior research engineer and the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) director for the U.S. Air Force project. \u201cIt is designed to engage the best aircraft the U.S. has and help train their crews to protect themselves under highly realistic conditions.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe system, which was built by GTRI for the ARTS-V1 Program Office at AFLCMC\/HBZ, uses an electronically steered phased array that can simulate the operation of real threat radar systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003ECarried on two large tractor-trailers, the system is designed to be moved around ranges as needed to provide training on conditions aircrews can expect to encounter. The full system can be hauled by road or flown aboard Air Force transport aircraft. The first ARTS-V1 system was delivered to the Air Force in June 2023, and GTRI is currently under contract to build two additional systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPilots and aircrews that train with the ARTS-V1 will first be looking to detect its presence, based on signals the system is sending out. The simulator can operate on a wide range of frequencies and with different waveforms, rapidly changing them to challenge the radar warning systems in the aircraft. \u201cThere are specific waveform modes that are meant to be hard to detect,\u201d Rowe noted.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce an aircrew detects that they are being tracked by ARTS-V1, they must quickly decide how to protect themselves from the missiles that could then be fired at them. Practicing response tactics on a friendly training range under a broad range of conditions will help aircrews respond better in real combat situations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen they are flying training missions with this radar on a training range, they will get a feel for the circumstances under which they\u2019ll be able to detect it and know what the radar is doing,\u201d Rowe said. \u201cThey\u2019ll be able to avoid it, or deal with it as they proceed with their mission.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the three ARTS-V1 systems, GTRI is providing training for multi-person operator crews, technical support for the systems, and spare parts to ensure they continue to operate. Also included is construction of two system integration labs that will develop software for the radars \u2013 one at GTRI and the other at a New Jersey-based contractor.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ARTS-V1 system is a follow-on to other threat simulator programs. GTRI has over 40 years of experience in threat system technical analysis, exploitation, and development of mobile, transportable, and fixed-site threat air-defense simulators for the test and evaluation and training communities.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWeighing a total of more than 285,000 pounds, the ARTS-V1 system may be the largest system ever built and delivered by GTRI. The trailer housing the radar unit is 81 feet long, while the trailer housing the operator unit is more than 94 feet long.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EProducing the first ARTS-V1 system required years of design work and involved more than 50 GTRI researchers and technicians. The entire team had a great appreciation of how important this work and these systems are to aircrews flying into harm\u2019s way.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen crews take off on a mission, they have an electronic order of battle brief that shows where threats are expected to be,\u201d Rowe said. \u201cThis training will help them fly in, accomplish their mission, and fly back out.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/a\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $940 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EU.S. pilots and aircrews will be safer flying into contested airspace thanks to training provided by a 142-ton threat simulator system that shows them how radars built to guide hostile surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) interact with warning systems on their aircraft.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Advanced Radar Threat System Variant 1 (ARTS-V1) will be used on training ranges to simulate how defensive systems on fifth-generation aircraft engage with a variety of modern target engagement radar systems used by other nations. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-09-20 20:01:24","changed_gmt":"2023-09-20 20:05:12","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-09-20T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-09-20T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671769":{"id":"671769","type":"image","title":" ARTS-V1 System Components Loaded into a C-5M Super Galaxy","body":"\u003Cp\u003EPhoto taken at dusk shows components of the ARTS-V1 system loaded into a C-5M Super Galaxy. (Photo: Vince Camp, GTRI)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1695232081","gmt_created":"2023-09-20 17:48:01","changed":"1695232251","gmt_changed":"2023-09-20 17:50:51","alt":" ARTS-V1 System Components Loaded into a C-5M Super Galaxy","file":{"fid":"254892","name":"ARTS-V1-IMG_6451.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1-IMG_6451.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1-IMG_6451.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1096659,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1-IMG_6451.jpg?itok=OewOMz5P"}},"671768":{"id":"671768","type":"image","title":"ARTS-V1 System Loaded on a C-5M Super Galaxy","body":"\u003Cp\u003EComponents of the ARTS-V1 system are loaded on a C-5M Super Galaxy for delivery to the Air Force. (Credit: Sean McNeil, GTRI)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1695231929","gmt_created":"2023-09-20 17:45:29","changed":"1695232032","gmt_changed":"2023-09-20 17:47:12","alt":"ARTS-V1 System Loaded on a C-5M Super Galaxy","file":{"fid":"254891","name":"ARTS-V1-Trailer-C5-Loading_11.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1-Trailer-C5-Loading_11.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1-Trailer-C5-Loading_11.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1394182,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1-Trailer-C5-Loading_11.jpg?itok=4wzmi_G4"}},"671767":{"id":"671767","type":"image","title":"GTRI ARTS-V1 Systems Team of Researchers and Technicians ","body":"\u003Cp\u003EMore than 50 GTRI researchers and technicians worked on the ARTS-V1 system. Shown with the system are six members of that team. (Credit: Sean McNeil, GTRI)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1695231711","gmt_created":"2023-09-20 17:41:51","changed":"1695231886","gmt_changed":"2023-09-20 17:44:46","alt":"GTRI ARTS-V1 Systems Team of Researchers and Technicians ","file":{"fid":"254890","name":"ARTS-V1_B11_09_2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1_B11_09_2.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1_B11_09_2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1612362,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/09\/20\/ARTS-V1_B11_09_2.jpg?itok=O5cttWrZ"}},"671770":{"id":"671770","type":"video","title":"Advanced Radar Threat System Helps Aircrews Train to Evade Enemy Missiles","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EU.S. pilots and aircrews will be safer flying into contested airspace thanks to training provided by a 142-ton threat simulator system that shows them how radars built to guide hostile surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) interact with warning systems on their aircraft. The Advanced Radar Threat System Variant 1 (ARTS-V1) will be used on training ranges to simulate how defensive systems on fifth-generation aircraft engage with a variety of modern target engagement radar systems used by other nations. Gaining experience with the radars and practicing responses to the threats are part of training that helps aircrews improve survivability and increase combat effectiveness.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1695234121","gmt_created":"2023-09-20 18:22:01","changed":"1695234208","gmt_changed":"2023-09-20 18:23:28","video":{"youtube_id":"1TNLGXpxWUg","video_url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1TNLGXpxWUg\u0026t=4s"}}},"media_ids":["671769","671768","671767","671770"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"2621","name":"radar"},{"id":"193067","name":"threat systems"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"193068","name":"ARTS-V1"},{"id":"193069","name":"threat simulator"},{"id":"2633","name":"Air Force"},{"id":"34351","name":"threat intelligence"},{"id":"4027","name":"Missile Defense"},{"id":"175468","name":"us navy"},{"id":"62871","name":"phased array"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"669713":{"#nid":"669713","#data":{"type":"news","title":" Bridging Military Expertise with Research: GTRI\u2019s Hiring Our Heroes Fellowship ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAt the nexus of military excellence and cutting-edge research, Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has embraced the Hiring Our Heroes (HOH) Fellowship, a U.S. Chamber of Commerce initiative. With a mission to ensure seamless transition and integration of military personnel into the civilian workforce, the Hiring Our Heroes program is indicative of GTRI\u0027s commitment to being a \u201cpeople-first\u201d organization. The Hiring Our Heroes partnership is not one of convenience. It is GTRI \u201cwalking the talk\u201d of what is written in our Strategic Plan: \u201cGTRI does not profit from national security; we stand shoulder-to-shoulder with our government partners to serve national security.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI\u2019s Latest HOH Cohort is \u2018Mission-Ready\u2019\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWe spoke with members of the \u201c23-3\u201d cohort of GTRI\u2019s Hiring Our Heroes program as they began their fellowships in early September. Their insights show the importance of the HOH program, both for the fellows and for GTRI.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe GTRI HOH Experience\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFor many warfighters, transitioning from the structured military environment to a research institution can be daunting. But at the heart of this transition is guidance. Each fellow is paired with a sponsor from one of GTRI\u0027s eight prestigious laboratories.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Impact of HOH\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIt\u0027s not just about employment; it\u0027s about community, integration, and mutual growth. For those in the military community considering this path, the fellows have some advice.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBelow, we present the fellows\u2019 thoughts in their own words.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMeet the GTRI Hiring Our Heroes Fellows in the \u201823-3\u2019 Cohort\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EZachary Guyton:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EZach\u2019s sponsor is Jeffrey O\u2019Hara, Principal Research Scientist, ASL\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00224df17b0e-a4aa-4834-bb15-ddf3d63b0363\u0022 height=\u0022371\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/public\/prod\/inline-images\/Zachary%20Guyton_288x371.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022288\u0022 \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGive an overview of your military career. How long did you serve, and in what capacities?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI have served 12.5 years in the Army as an infantry officer. During this time, I have held the positions of platoon leader, company commander, operations and logistics planner, operations officer, and assistant professor at USMA. I have multiple combat and operational deployments (Afghanistan twice, Kuwait, and Korea) and have been in both light infantry and Armor (Tank) formations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow did you first learn about the Hiring Our Heroes (HOH) Fellowship at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPrior to joining the 23-3 cohort, I interviewed for a GTRI position that I did not get. I maintained contact with the GTRI Division\/Branch leadership, which led to a HOH fellowship. Throughout the process, GTRI was extremely professional and engaged while setting me up for the fellowship and potential post-fellowship employment.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat type of research will you be conducting in your assigned laboratory at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI am working in the Human Systems Engineering Branch (Human Centered Engineering Division) within the Applied Systems Laboratory. I will be conducting human factors and human systems integration\/engineering research in support of efforts to improve future Army fighting and transportation vehicles.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow do you think programs like HOH impact the broader military community in transitioning to civilian roles; and what advice would you give to future transitioning service members considering the HOH Fellowship at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EHiring our heroes is an outstanding opportunity for transitioning servicemembers to immerse in a civilian job and determine the type of the work they want to do following military life. It also can provide a direct path to employment following the fellowship.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI would tell future GTRI Hiring our Heroes candidates to ask questions, learn as much as possible, and stay proactive as they consider GTRI as an option. There are plenty of opportunities within GTRI and finding the right spot within the organization will help ensure GTRI is a good fit.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAmana Norris:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAmana\u2019s sponsor is Eric Scott, Principal Research Associate, Information and Cybersecurity Department (ICD)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022dc3103c6-ff36-45bc-9e68-8c6e161cb4e5\u0022 height=\u0022371\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/public\/prod\/inline-images\/Amana%20Norris_288x371.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022288\u0022 \/\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGive me an overview of your military career. How long did you serve, and in what capacities?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI enlisted in February 2003 in the U.S. Army, and will officially retire in March 2024, thereby spanning a 20-year career in Information Technology and Cybersecurity. I began as a 25B--Information Services Specialist, in the Signal Corps, reaching the rank of SSG before applying to become a Warrant Officer as 255A--Information Services Technician. Later, when the Cyber Corps was being established around 2014, I decided to transition as a 170A, where I am now a CW3.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThroughout my career in the Signal and Cyber Corps, I have been stationed and deployed to various organizations in Korea; Germany; Fort Liberty (formerly Bragg), North Carolina; Fort Eisenhower (formerly Gordon), Georgia; Kuwait, and Afghanistan. My various roles included the opportunity to exercise my leadership skills and demonstrate my skillset in Helpdesk Operations, COMSEC security, server technician, and cybersecurity. Within my military career, it has been my passion to increase my technical skills as much as possible since Information Technology and Cybersecurity are translatable into a civilian career. The mission and operations are the only difference between the military and civilian sectors. Tools used and knowledge gained remain the same.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow did you first learn about the Hiring Our Heroes (HOH) Fellowship at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI was contacted by email to interview for a position within the Information and Cybersecurity Division (ICD), where I would be able to continue using my technical skillset. I signed up for the HOH fellowship program because I wanted something that would allow me to operate in a civilian setting outside the DoD. I view this fellowship as an opportunity to apply my knowledge, identify areas I may be lacking, and adapt to civilian operations. I was not aware that GTRI had various HOH Fellowships throughout their various labs and was actually referred to ICD when I was conducting an interview for a program management position. Personally, I was not interested in program management and wanted something that fell into IT or Cyber. Luckily, my information was sent to ICD, where I found the work\/life balance to be an attractive incentive in accepting the fellowship with GTRI and ICD.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat type of research will you be conducting in your assigned laboratory at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs part of ICD, I am part of the support services in threat-hunting cybersecurity incidents. Research will consist of identifying new cybersecurity threats and sharing that information.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow do you think programs like HOH impact the broader military community in transitioning to civilian roles; and what advice would you give to future transitioning service members considering the HOH Fellowship at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPrograms like HoH provide service members an opportunity to find their strengths and weaknesses outside a military setting. The transition time helps ease a service member\u2019s mindset in letting go of the military while possibly learning a new skillset or applying their current skills to the position they select. There are some organizations that monopolize a service member\u2019s transition time and don\u2019t allow them the opportunity to gradually become a civilian again. When you join the Army, you go through basic training to shed the civilian mentality and become a soldier. Without programs like the HoH, I feel some service members would experience shock in the transition. Those are the ones who would most benefit from a program like the HoH Fellowship.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBrian Trainor:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBrian\u2019s sponsor is Stan Sutphin, Principal Research Engineer, SEAL\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022782e8c40-624e-4a41-bb2e-e009a62b7953\u0022 height=\u0022371\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/public\/prod\/inline-images\/Brian%20Trainor_288x371.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022288\u0022 \/\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGive me an overview of your military career. How long did you serve, and in what capacities?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI was an Electronic Warfare Officer in the USAF for a little over 23 years.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow did you first learn about the Hiring Our Heroes (HOH) Fellowship at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI learned about GTRI during the resume release portion of the HoH program.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat type of research will you be conducting in your assigned laboratory at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI will be helping research and create a roadmap for the Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations test and training infrastructure at the National Space Test and Training Complex (Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow do you think programs like HOH impact the broader military community in transitioning to civilian roles; and what advice would you give to future transitioning service members considering the HOH Fellowship at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI think programs like HOH help expose transitioning service members to follow-on career options that they may not have been aware of or even considered realistic options before entering the fellowship program. My advice to future transitioning service members would be to take as many opportunities to connect, speak, and interview with as many companies as possible during the \u0022interview stage\u0022 of the program. I know that getting that exposure to multiple different companies and how they operated helped me narrow down and ultimately decide where I wanted to be--GTRI.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ERic \u2018TAC\u2019 Turner:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ETAC\u2019s sponsor is John Bennell, Principal Research Associate, Sensors \u0026amp; Intelligent Systems Directorate (SISD)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022796c5af0-d2bd-4aef-a9f8-7dcd4a027965\u0022 height=\u0022371\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/public\/prod\/inline-images\/Richard-Ric-TAC-Turner_288x371.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022288\u0022 \/\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGive me an overview of your military career. How long did you serve, and in what capacities?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI have over 20 years of experience as a leader, test pilot, fighter pilot and engineer in the United States Air Force.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat type of research will you be conducting in your assigned laboratory at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI conduct cutting-edge research and development projects in aerospace engineering. I am passionate about the integration of systems--especially as they cross domains to provide capability, as well as advancing the state-of-the-art in air, space, and cyberspace systems, and look forward to leveraging my expertise, experience, and network.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECody Waits:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECody\u2019s sponsor is Clayton Besse, Principal Research Associate, CIPHER\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00229012f3b7-7507-447b-ad7d-0d7ea918f6a6\u0022 height=\u0022371\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/public\/prod\/inline-images\/Cody%20Waits_288x371.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022288\u0022 \/\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGive me an overview of your military career. How long did you serve, and in what capacities?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI served in the Army for 7.5 years as a Signal Officer, the majority of the time with Special Operations and Airborne community. I deployed in support of Operation Inherent Resolve and managed tactical information network nodes and secure radio communications. As a Signal Officer, I was the IT Operations manager for multiple organizations within my career. I allocated tactical IT assets to mission-based requirements to provide consistent and clear communications to ground forces and higher headquarters.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow did you first learn about the Hiring Our Heroes (HOH) Fellowship at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI did not even know about the fellowship opportunity until [CIPHER Senior Research Associate] Steven Bartels reached out to me to set up an interview to talk. I was immediately interested and after interviewing, GTRI was my most interesting opportunity and I accepted the bid to conduct my fellowship with GTRI.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat type of research will you be conducting in your assigned laboratory at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI will be conducting cloud integration\/migration and cybersecurity research within the CIPHER Laboratory.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow do you think programs like HOH impact the broader military community in transitioning to civilian roles; and what advice would you give to future transitioning service members considering the HOH Fellowship at GTRI?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EI think that programs like HoH are an amazing asset to the military community, this allows a unique opportunity where employers will reach out to you instead of applying to multiple applications online without even receiving an initial response. With the current job market climate, HoH proves to be invaluable to separating service members. I would advise future GTRI fellow candidates to highly consider GTRI, I believe this is a work environment that will still give you that sense of purpose and fulfillment that you will miss upon separating from the military.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI\u2019s Hiring Our Heroes Fellowship program is more than just an employment opportunity\u2014it\u0027s a bridging of two worlds where skills, dedication, and innovation intersect. Through this program, GTRI not only gains valuable expertise but also reinforces its commitment to giving back to those who\u0027ve served. For the fellows, it\u2019s a chance to chart new horizons, building on their rich military past. While each HOH Fellowship cohort lasts 12 weeks, the relationships built and the skills acquired have long-lasting implications.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: Christopher Weems\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/newsroom\/gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $940 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAt the nexus of military excellence and cutting-edge research, Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has embraced the Hiring Our Heroes (HOH) Fellowship, a U.S. Chamber of Commerce initiative. GTRI\u2019s HOH Fellowship program is more than just an employment opportunity\u2014it\u0027s a bridging of two worlds where skills, dedication, and innovation intersect. Through this program, GTRI not only gains valuable expertise but also reinforces its commitment to giving back to those who\u0027ve served.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Meet the members of the \u201c23-3\u201d cohort of GTRI\u2019s Hiring Our Heroes program, whose mission is to ensure seamless transition and integration of military personnel into the civilian workforce, as they share their insights of the importance of the HOH program."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-09-18 12:58:49","changed_gmt":"2023-09-18 13:10:20","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-09-18T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-09-18T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671731":{"id":"671731","type":"image","title":"GTRI\u0027s Hiring Our Heroes","body":"\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI Hiring Our Heroes Fellows in the \u201823-3\u2019 Cohort\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n","created":"1695041538","gmt_created":"2023-09-18 12:52:18","changed":"1695041686","gmt_changed":"2023-09-18 12:54:46","alt":"GTRI\u0027s Hiring Our Heroes","file":{"fid":"254839","name":"Hire Our Heroes.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/18\/Hire%20Our%20Heroes.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/18\/Hire%20Our%20Heroes.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":43963,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/09\/18\/Hire%20Our%20Heroes.JPG?itok=vcWsQEah"}}},"media_ids":["671731"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"55581","name":"military veterans"},{"id":"188245","name":"Hire Our Heroes"},{"id":"1564","name":"community"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"669682":{"#nid":"669682","#data":{"type":"news","title":"TRIAD Streamlines Edge Processing of Data in Phased-Array Antennas","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs the number of elements on phased array antennas continues to grow, so does the volume of data that must be processed to extract information from the signals gathered. Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a new approach to intelligently process that data closer to where it is generated - on the antenna subarrays themselves. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECombining technologies including machine learning, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), graphics processing units (GPUs), and a new radio-frequency image processing algorithm, the research has streamlined the modular handling of radar signals to reduce processing time and cost. The improvements \u2013 as much as two or three orders of magnitude \u2013 could lead to real-time analysis of RF image data from sources ranging from potential enemy targets to speeding automobiles headed toward collisions.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe research, which has been tested on a 16-element digital antenna array, was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency\u2019s (DARPA) Tensors for Reprogrammable Intelligent Array Demonstrations (TRIAD). While the project has so far focused on real-time imaging operations on vast amounts of data, it supports the conventional beamforming operations also done by phased arrays.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe goal is to push processing up front, to where all the raw data is coming in,\u201d said Ryan Westafer, a principal research engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). \u201cWe work to manage the high-dimensional data there and extract features in real-time. With so many data sources from autonomous vehicles to drones, we can\u2019t be sharing all those raw data feeds. We need to be analyzing the data locally and sharing only the information content \u2013 the relevant features.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWith potentially hundreds or even thousands of subarrays generating terabytes of data every second, Westafer says this \u201cedge intelligence\u201d can pull out the desired information in real-time, allowing defense and transportation applications alike to get the important details right away \u2013 when they need it \u2013 without waiting for processing by backend servers.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cClassical approaches process the data in the analog format, choosing only certain components of the vast information flow for digitizing where needed,\u201d noted Alex Saad-Falcon, a Georgia Tech Ph.D. student and former GTRI researcher who co-led the project. Other portions of the data can be stored on a server for later analysis.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cWe want to digitize all of the data, then off-load a smaller digital portion to be shared,\u201d he said. \u201cThat gives more flexibility to antenna array algorithm designers, because it is much easier to create an algorithm in the digital domain because you can write it in code, versus analog, where you have to design a circuit and get it built. That also facilitates reprogramming when conditions change.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFPGAs and GPUs are keys to Georgia Tech\u2019s modular TRIAD approach. With low power consumption and high processing speeds, the FPGAs are located adjacent to the analog-to-digital converters on antenna subarrays. With help from graphics processing units (GPUs), they process the data, quickly sending it to a CPU where information from other subarrays is aggregated.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs a key feature of the project, GTRI researchers collaborated with academic researchers in Georgia Tech\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E (ECE) to utilize SoloPulse, a new array processing algorithm designed for radio-frequency images generated in synthetic aperture radars (SAR). \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe algorithm provides an estimate of energy coming from different points in the vicinity of the array,\u201d Saad-Falcon explained. \u201cThat allows you to form an image, though you have some uncertainty about where the actual source is. The goal was to train the machine learning model to reduce that uncertainty, or learn from it to predict the source location.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThough SoloPulse was not originally designed for the purpose the GTRI researchers needed, their collaborators \u2013 ECE Professor \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/directory\/christopher-f-barnes\u0022\u003EChristopher Barnes\u003C\/a\u003E and Research Technologist J. Michael McKinney \u2013 supported its adaptation to the TRIAD goals.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EProgramming in the digital domain can utilize tensors, which are multilinear algebraic entities that describe the relationships between objects in terms of scalars and vectors. Utilizing tensor operations also allows data representations to be shared with machine learning algorithms such as deep neural networks, which can learn how to improve their operation every time they receive new data.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cYou funnel the data into the new artificial intelligence tensor operations, which you also bundle up, and then at the end you get a detection, some kind of an end result that is human-actionable,\u201d said Saad-Falcon. \u201cThe whole idea is that because you frame both the traditional algorithms and the machine learning algorithms in the same format as these tensor operations, you can effectively chain them together and get speedups that you wouldn\u2019t be able to get otherwise.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBeyond accelerating the data processing, the use of FPGA and GPU chips could help conserve power, which can be critical for mobile applications. \u201cYou have a finite compute budget on the array, so you need to intelligently allocate the computation and use an algorithm that extracts the information you want from the signal most effectively,\u201d he said. \u201cThis is of interest to a lot of different applications in the industry right now.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPart of the project\u2019s goal was a demonstration to process radar pulses received by the 16-element array. The researchers used a moving emitter on a turntable in their lab to evaluate TRIAD\u2019s imaging ability. \u201cWe could immediately see the result and our total latency from emitter motion to screen update was on the order of about 20 milliseconds \u2013 almost faster than the human eye can see.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe DARPA project concluded in December 2022 and the researchers are now looking at other potential applications for the technologies. Among the possible uses is shared perception, which could have applications in autonomous vehicle networks, both for commercial and defense needs.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, the research included Jonathan Andreasen and Clayton Kerce from GTRI, and Jonathan Beaudeau from Pareto Frontier LLC, who supported the FPGA digital signal processing (DSP) component of the project.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs the number of elements on phased array antennas continues to grow, so does the volume of data that must be processed to extract information from the signals gathered. Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are working to develop a new approach that could lead to real-time analysis of RF image data from sources ranging from potential enemy targets to speeding automobiles headed toward collisions.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a new approach to intelligently process data on phased array antennas, reducing processing time and cost."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-09-15 13:49:37","changed_gmt":"2023-09-15 13:57:58","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-09-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-09-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671715":{"id":"671715","type":"image","title":"GTRI TRIAD demonstration setup","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EImage shows the final TRIAD demonstration setup, with the transmit antenna in the foreground on a metal arm attached to a turntable and the elemental digital array in the background. Shown are Ryan Westafer and Alex Saad-Falcon. (Credit: Sean McNeil, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1694784587","gmt_created":"2023-09-15 13:29:47","changed":"1694784826","gmt_changed":"2023-09-15 13:33:46","alt":"GTRI TRIAD demonstration setup","file":{"fid":"254821","name":"TRIAD-Phased-Array_06.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/15\/TRIAD-Phased-Array_06.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/15\/TRIAD-Phased-Array_06.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2672280,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/09\/15\/TRIAD-Phased-Array_06.jpg?itok=IVm-3w6B"}},"671716":{"id":"671716","type":"image","title":"GTRI final TRIAD demonstration setup","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EImage shows the final TRIAD demonstration setup, with the transmit antenna in the foreground on a metal arm attached to a turntable, and the elemental digital array in the background. Shown are Ryan Westafer (left) and Alex Saad-Falcon, who is holding a metal screen to show the effect of adding an additional scatterer. \u0026nbsp;(Credit: Sean McNeil, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1694784864","gmt_created":"2023-09-15 13:34:24","changed":"1694784959","gmt_changed":"2023-09-15 13:35:59","alt":"GTRI final TRIAD demonstration setup","file":{"fid":"254822","name":"TRIAD-Phased-Array_03.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/15\/TRIAD-Phased-Array_03.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/09\/15\/TRIAD-Phased-Array_03.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2582479,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/09\/15\/TRIAD-Phased-Array_03.jpg?itok=UKeajaXS"}}},"media_ids":["671715","671716"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"2616","name":"antenna"},{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"2435","name":"ECE"},{"id":"175350","name":"TRIAD"},{"id":"7638","name":"phased-array"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"669067":{"#nid":"669067","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Phoenix Challenge: Collaborating to Improve the Information Environment","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGenerative AI has captured worldwide attention for its potential applications in such areas as disease diagnosis, data analysis, writing, and computer coding. But at a recent meeting held at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) in Atlanta, attendees were concerned about how very different applications of AI may be affecting critical operations in the information environment (OIE).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ENearly 250 attendees from more than 200 government, academic, and industry organizations convened at the Phoenix Challenge June 20-23 to discuss how misinformation, disinformation, and the propagation of bad information may affect the world \u2013 and how organizations across those three sectors can work together to address growing concerns about the effects of what\u2019s happening in this arena. Although AI was among the top concerns, there were many other issues on the agenda.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe conference was organized for the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy (OUSDP) by GTRI, the University of Maryland Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security (ARLIS), and the Information Professionals Association.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe June Phoenix Challenge conference was part of a series of events designed to promote collaboration on efforts ranging from research and acquisition to operational planning and execution, with goals of reducing enterprise ambiguity in the Department of Defense, promoting awareness, and exchanging information. Recommendations coming out of the meeting\u2019s working groups are being briefed to appropriate offices in the Department of Defense and other agencies.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe idea for the Phoenix Challenge is to create a watering hole where everyone can participate with equal standing,\u201d said Austin Branch, professor of the practice at ARLIS, which is funded by the OUSDP to convene the Phoenix Challenge events. \u201cBy bringing these communities together, government can enjoy additional critical thinking and testing of ideas, offering new concepts, technologies, and methodological approaches in an environment that\u2019s collaborative and includes everyone.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOIE \u2013 a discipline that in years past was known as information warfare \u2013 can include such topics as electronic warfare, cyber operations, military deception, and psychological operations in a broad cognitive security space. \u201cThe Phoenix Challenge is a recognized platform for collaboration and sharing, in both technical and non-technical areas, and in the hard sciences and soft sciences,\u201d Branch said. \u201cParticipants have to be prepared to work because we\u2019re working on solutions, and there is a sense of mutual accountability.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBeyond the recommendations to the government, participants from industry and academic communities benefit from obtaining a better understanding of the government\u2019s needs, plans, and concerns.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cHere, we can have everybody concentrated and focused, with a great value proposition in being able to reduce ambiguity about what the requirements are and for the government to articulate what the needs are, then allow this broader enterprise to work on those things,\u201d Branch added.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAt the Atlanta meeting, there were three panel discussions, including one on generative AI, which has both positive and negative implications for the world\u2019s information environment.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThis technology is going to have an enormous impact on us going forward,\u201d said Theresa Kessler, a GTRI research scientist who was among the Atlanta event\u2019s organizers. \u201cAI and machine learning tools can make the OIE challenges worse, or be used to make them better. There\u2019s also a cybersecurity component and the human element of how people can be so accepting of bad information.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe goals of the Phoenix Challenge include much more than identifying the issues. Attendees participated in six working groups organized to highlight potential solutions and make recommendations to be considered by the government. And those making the recommendations are expected to play a role in carrying them out.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cUltimately, the goal is to affect the national defense strategy, with these output products, recommendations that the working groups built,\u201d Kessler explained. \u201cWe had a huge representation of industry partners, along with academic participants, including multiple universities, University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs), and Federally-Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs). Each of our working groups had a representation from industry, government, and academia.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThat broad representation helped provide a perspective not limited to a single constituency, she said. \u201cThe working groups were designed and facilitated in a way that everybody\u2019s opinion was pulled in and valued. Involving all these different groups provides a more holistic presentation of the problem and the solution set.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn addition to a classified working group, the breakout sessions focused on:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EInputs to the R\u0026amp;D Roadmap for OIE Technologies.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EDetection and Beyond: Implementing Effective Technological Solutions to Emerging OIE Threats.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EApplied Research: Assessments.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EStrategy for Operations in the Information Environment (SOIE) Implementation Plan Framework.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EResilience to Adversary Disinformation.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAmong the conference speakers were: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ETodd Breasseale (Deputy Assistant to the Secretary for Public Affairs, Office of Information Operations Policy).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ELtGen (R) Dennis Crall, USMC.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EHeidi Shyu, Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (OUSD(R\u0026amp;E)), who addressed the conference virtually.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ENeill Tipton, Director for Defense Intelligence, Collection and Special Programs.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe June Phoenix Challenge event was the first hosted by GTRI, but the event has a long history, beginning decades ago and including recent meetings in London and Charleston, South Carolina. In 2022, GTRI hosted an Information Warfare Summit on its Atlanta campus, but elected to join forces with the Phoenix Challenge in 2023. The next event is likely to be held in the Washington, D.C., area during 2024.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ENearly 250 attendees from more than 200 government, academic, and industry organizations convened at the Phoenix Challenge June 20-23 to discuss how misinformation, disinformation, and the propagation of bad information may affect the world \u2013 and how organizations across those three sectors can work together to address growing concerns about the effects of what\u2019s happening in this arena. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The 2023 the Phoenix Challenge held at the Georgia Tech Research Institute was an opportunity for government, academic, and industry organizations to discuss and discover how different applications of AI may be affecting critical operations."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-08-21 15:06:49","changed_gmt":"2023-08-21 15:31:32","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-08-21T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-08-21T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671444":{"id":"671444","type":"image","title":"2023 Phoenix Challenge: USG Leader Panel at GTRI","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe USG Leader Panel discussed\u0026nbsp;frameworks for competition in the information environment. The panel moderator was Elizabeth Chamberlain, (SES) A2A6. Panel participants were: RDML Mike Brown, OPNAV \/ N2N6 (SES), Russ Meade, Executive Director, Marine Corps Information Command, Col. John Agnello, Director, Army Information Advantage Program Office, Daniel Kimmage, Principal Deputy Coordinator at the Department of State Global Engagement Center, and Joe Miller, Deputy USASOC. (Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1692629604","gmt_created":"2023-08-21 14:53:24","changed":"1692630385","gmt_changed":"2023-08-21 15:06:25","alt":"2023 Phoenix Challenge: USG Leader Panel at GTRI","file":{"fid":"254504","name":"2023_0628_image_DO_Phoenix challenge_063-panel.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/08\/21\/2023_0628_image_DO_Phoenix%20challenge_063-panel.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/08\/21\/2023_0628_image_DO_Phoenix%20challenge_063-panel.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2133727,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/08\/21\/2023_0628_image_DO_Phoenix%20challenge_063-panel.jpg?itok=_CDZ86D0"}},"671443":{"id":"671443","type":"image","title":"2023 Phoenix Challenge at GTRI","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ENearly 250 attendees from more than 200 government, academic, and industry organizations convened at the Phoenix Challenge conference at the Georgia Tech Research Institute in June 2023. (Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1692629308","gmt_created":"2023-08-21 14:48:28","changed":"1692629417","gmt_changed":"2023-08-21 14:50:17","alt":"2023 Phoenix Challenge at GTRI","file":{"fid":"254503","name":"2023_0628_image_DO_Phoenix challenge_019-lobby.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/08\/21\/2023_0628_image_DO_Phoenix%20challenge_019-lobby.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/08\/21\/2023_0628_image_DO_Phoenix%20challenge_019-lobby.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1564570,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/08\/21\/2023_0628_image_DO_Phoenix%20challenge_019-lobby.jpg?itok=gGlxSGCg"}}},"media_ids":["671444","671443"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"192965","name":"Phoenix Challenge"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"192390","name":"generative AI"},{"id":"2556","name":"artificial intelligence"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"},{"id":"1404","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"192966","name":"information environment"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"668565":{"#nid":"668565","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI SST: Reimagining Defense Logistics and Innovation","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is renowned for its exceptional problem-solving capability, specifically in the realm of national defense. GTRI endeavors to dissect intricate defense problems and deliver viable solutions. One group at GTRI that has particularly embraced this challenge is the Strategic Sustainment Team (SST), which brings GTRI\u0027s brand of innovation and problem-solving to the Department of Defense\u0027s (DoD) maintenance and logistics operations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe SST\u0027s mission is to: \u0022Make GTRI the thought leader in developing future aircraft sustainment, lifecycle management, and logistics best practices.\u0022 SST strives to achieve this through business intelligence produced through benchmarking leading operators, integrating technologies, developing enterprise innovation solutions, and fostering organizational change management.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003EThe Founding Vision\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team\u0027s ultimate goal is to enact change that will significantly benefit sponsors.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2018, Dr. William Roper, then Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisitions, Technology, and Logistics, saw exceptional performance at Delta Air Lines, and wanted to inject this performance into the Air Force. He connected with Air Force\u2019s Education with Industry (EWI) Fellows embedded in Delta Airlines and Amazon who had developed a proposal for what \u0026nbsp;has since become known as the Tesseract Office of Innovation. Major General Linda S. Hurry, the Director of Logistics and Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, Engineering and Force Protection, Headquarters US Air Force, expanded upon their idea and built the new office to focus on challenges within the Air Force\u2019s maintenance and logistics communities. Specifically, she wanted them to build a network of academic and industry partners combined with liaison officers throughout the enterprise to execute on six lines of effort laid out in the Air Force\u0027s Sustainment Strategic Framework (SSF).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0027s SST and Delta Air Lines were inaugural members of this network and have worked to support Tesseract with SSF implementation, foster collaboration, and applying innovation, empowering ideas to accelerate change.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We do a lot of this analysis as if we\u0027re doing it by ourselves. We cannot do this alone, and our partners have a lot of capacity and capability,\u0022 stated General Charles Q. Brown Jr., the Chief of Staff at the Air Force, emphasizing the value of this collaboration.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003EGTRI Builds Upon the Vision\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESST receives contributions from and a wide-reaching group of GTRI collaborators, including students. Every member contributes using their own source of knowledge and skills and achievements.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of the GTRI SST\u2019s founders is senior research engineer and U.S. Marine Corps reservist, Kyle Blond, who was pivotal in the team\u0027s development. Blond helped set a vision for SST that extends beyond simply improving isolated aspects of maintenance and logistics. He aims for the SST to be a catalyst for sweeping transformation within the DoD.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAs Blond explains, \u0022Our vision here is to advance academic, industry, and government collaborations to deliver transformational change for sustainment stakeholders through innovation and experimentation.\u0022 He emphasizes that the team\u0027s focus on innovation is not merely about doing things better, but about fundamentally changing how things are done.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBlond\u0027s own experience played a significant role in shaping this vision. As a Marine Aircraft Maintenance officer and aerospace engineering graduate from Georgia Tech, Blond brings to the table a wealth of military and academic expertise. This is complemented by the diverse experiences of his team members, which include an Air Force aircraft maintenance officer and a former Delta Airlines general manager for maintenance planning. The combination of these experiences provides a unique perspective and an enormous amount of transfer learning, which has proven crucial to the success of SST.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cSST doesn\u0027t work from desks,\u201d says Eric Klein, a Senior Research Associate in GTRI\u2019s Electronic Systems Laboratory (ELSYS), and a member of SST.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA significant aspect of the SST\u0027s work is its hands-on approach. Rather than merely conducting analyses from behind desks, SST is directly involved in the innovation process. Blond describes this balance between research and development: \u0022Our team balances research and development here in Atlanta while also going to various customer locations to design and drive these experiments to fruition.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESST\u0027s collaborative work extends far beyond the walls of GTRI. The team is deeply involved with a wide network of partners and contributors, including hundreds of volunteers from academia, government, and commercial organizations. This network has been instrumental in fostering a culture of innovation and building an ecosystem of problem solvers.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cGTRI\u0027s SST is made up of members with deep military and commercial maintenance experience, along with senior research personnel specializing in data analytics, optimization, and predictive maintenance approaches,\u201d said Klein. \u201cWe are also receiving contributions from students and a wide-reaching group of GTRI collaborators. Every member contributes using their own source of knowledge and skills and achievements. Because of this, the GTRI Strategic Sustainment Team has what it takes to \u2018win.\u2019\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to its involvement with academic and government organizations, SST has been making strides in the commercial sector as well. Blond said, \u0022There have been talks of co-developing software that both perhaps the Air Force and Delta could benefit from because they face a lot of the same challenges when it comes to fixing and flying aircraft.\u0022 This is exemplary of SST\u0027s commitment to sharing knowledge and driving innovation across sectors, demonstrating that its work is as much about collaboration as it is about leadership.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003EAnticipating and Leading\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWith over $10.8 million in sponsored projects under its belt, SST has continually proven its ability to stay ahead of the DoD\u0027s needs. Through research in predictive maintenance, enterprise logistics, and operational tracking systems, the SST is pushing boundaries and developing groundbreaking solutions. This proactive approach, Blond explains, is a fundamental aspect of SST\u0027s mission: \u0022Our mission is to try to be the thought leader in aircraft maintenance and sustainment innovations.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESome of SST\u2019s projects include the C5 experiment on increasing mission-capable aircraft, the KC-46 analysis on the Air Force organically adopting the Boeing maintenance program, working with the Global Strike command manager on the logistics support Pathfinder to increase mission-capable aircraft and reduce s time using innovative planning and scheduling processes. Another project is Iron Spear, a multi-year research project to develop predictive maintenance models from existing sensors and data on aircraft.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBlond makes it clear that in its mission to become the thought leader in the space, SST not only responds to the challenges at hand but also actively identify areas where the team can innovate and propose new ideas.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u0022Our approach is proactive,\u0022 Blond explains, \u0022We don\u0027t wait for the problem to become critical before starting our work. We constantly brainstorm and look for opportunities where we can make a difference.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe SST team\u0027s efforts have led to numerous partnerships, further amplifying their impact. Notably, the SST has established collaborations with Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), broadening the diversity of perspectives and experiences that contribute to their work. It has also partnered with the Georgia Tech\u2019s Professional Masters in Applied Systems Engineering (PMASE) program, offering students an opportunity to engage with cutting-edge research and real-world applications of their studies.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESST is engaged with Georgia\u0027s economic development organizations, aiming to drive economic growth and innovation within the state. These collaborations allow the SST to harness a broad range of knowledge and expertise, fostering a rich, innovative ecosystem that promotes both local and national advancement.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBlond highlights that the team\u0027s success so far is only the beginning, \u0022The ultimate goal is for GTRI to become the thought leader in developing future aircraft sustainment life cycle management and logistics best practices that can be applied for our sponsors\u0027 benefit.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EHe believes that through the SST\u0027s work, they can help bring about a transformational change in the defense sector by pushing the boundaries of existing practices and forging new paths in innovation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe SST is committed to making a lasting impact on the Department of Defense\u0027s maintenance and logistics operations. Through its diverse collaborations, proactive approach, and commitment to groundbreaking solutions, the SST is poised to make a lasting mark on the world of defense operations and beyond.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWatch the GTRI Strategic Sustainment Team introductory video \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/youtu.be\/Wa0T9JDFzf8\u0022\u003Ehere\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: Christopher Weems\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nPhoto: Christopher J. Moore\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cstrong\u003EVideo: Eric Klein, GTRI Electonic Systems Laboratory (ELSYS)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe SST\u0027s mission is to: \u0022Make GTRI the thought leader in developing future aircraft sustainment, lifecycle management, and logistics best practices.\u0022 SST strives to achieve this through business intelligence produced through benchmarking leading operators, integrating technologies, developing enterprise innovation solutions, and fostering organizational change management.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI\u2019s Strategic Sustainment Team (SST) brings GTRI\u0027s brand of innovation and problem-solving to the Department of Defense\u0027s (DoD) maintenance and logistics operations."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-07-24 15:16:30","changed_gmt":"2023-07-24 15:18:38","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-07-24T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-07-24T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671201":{"id":"671201","type":"image","title":"Members from GTRI\u0027s Strategic Sustainment Team","body":"\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0027s Strategic Sustainment Team (SST) brings GTRI\u0027s brand of innovation and problem-solving to the Department of Defense\u0027s (DoD) maintenance and logistics operations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1690211671","gmt_created":"2023-07-24 15:14:31","changed":"1690211782","gmt_changed":"2023-07-24 15:16:22","alt":"Members from GTRI\u0027s Strategic Sustainment Team","file":{"fid":"254217","name":"SST1.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/SST1.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/SST1.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":48012,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/07\/24\/SST1.JPG?itok=sk8cOsGg"}},"671202":{"id":"671202","type":"image","title":"GTRI\u2019s Strategic Sustainment Team","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI\u2019s Strategic Sustainment Team (SST) brings GTRI\u0027s brand of innovation and problem-solving to the Department of Defense\u0027s (DoD) maintenance and logistics operations.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1690211828","gmt_created":"2023-07-24 15:17:08","changed":"1690211898","gmt_changed":"2023-07-24 15:18:18","alt":"Members from GTRI\u2019s Strategic Sustainment Team","file":{"fid":"254219","name":"SST2.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/SST2.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/SST2.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":51266,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/07\/24\/SST2.JPG?itok=4Xf_rqFe"}}},"media_ids":["671201","671202"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"168974","name":"SST"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"668563":{"#nid":"668563","#data":{"type":"news","title":"AIECS Integrates Threat Information to Help Protect Air Mobility Crews","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAircrews flying in hostile airspace must often make split-second decisions responding to the threats they may encounter. A new defensive system planned for installation on C-130H transport aircraft integrates on-board and off-board information about those threats into a single display, allowing crewmembers to rapidly understand and respond to the complex threat environment they face.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe U.S. Air Force Lifecycle Management Center \/ Electronic Warfare Division (WNY), located at Robins Air Force Base, supported the development of the Advanced Integrated Electronic Combat Suite (AIECS). Developed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), the system completed its final flight test in January 2023 and will be installed on the C-130H aircraft used by Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAIECS provides an integrated onboard defensive system that enhances aircrew situational awareness to address threat detection, identification, location, and avoidance of airborne and ground-based threats emitting radio-frequency, infrared, or electro-optical signals. It further enhances aircraft defensive suite capabilities to degrade enemy threats. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EC-130s often fly at low altitudes, which means their crews have little time to detect and respond to threats. The pilot, co-pilot, and navigator are often busy with mission-related tasks such as navigation, communication, and terrain avoidance. \u201cAIECS serves as an aircrew decision aid. It correlates information from multiple sources into a single view that allows crews to rapidly understand and respond to their threat environment,\u201d said Andrew Schoen, a GTRI senior research scientist who has worked on the project since its inception.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cAny time you are in a threat environment, you are fighting against a timeline,\u201d Schoen said. \u201cThe adversary has a certain amount of time before they might shoot a missile at the aircraft. Reducing the amount of time needed by the crew to detect the threat and respond to it increases the survivability of that crew because it allows them to beat that timeline.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe AIECS software runs on a mission computer already operating on the aircraft that had the capabilities needed, Schoen said. \u201cInstead of adding a new piece of hardware, we used something that was already there.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cWe\u2019ve been responsive to the operators in how they would like to use the system and have the information displayed,\u201d Schoen added. \u201cFor instance, we\u2019ve tweaked the display to make it more understandable to aircrews trying to fly through a complex environment.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EA 2022 flight test helped the GTRI researchers to identify other operational improvements that only become apparent during flight testing. Those improvements were incorporated into AIECS for the 2023 test, said Dan LaGesse, a GTRI senior research engineer who participated in the most recent flight test. \u201cWe are always looking for ways to improve things,\u201d he added.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe January 2023 flight test was held at the China Lake Electronic Combat Range using an Air National Guard Air Force Reserve Command Test Center C-130. Ten GTRI researchers were involved in aircraft- and ground-based portions of the test, with representatives from GTRI Headquarters in Atlanta, the Tucson Field Office, St. Joseph Field Office, and Warner Robins Field Office.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cWe are looking at ways to reduce lifecycle costs and improve performance across the systems on the aircraft,\u201d LaGesse explained. \u201cThe aircrews are operating in a rapidly-evolving threat environment. We want to develop software that evolves as quickly as the world around us.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, the following key GTRI researchers (in alphabetical order) participated in the development of AIECS: Chad Brown, Clay Carpenter, Jo Eliot (retired), Sean Maydwell, Tim Palmer, Brian Rianhard, and Linda Viney.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAIECS provides an integrated onboard defensive system that enhances aircrew situational awareness to address threat detection, identification, location, and avoidance of airborne and ground-based threats emitting radio-frequency, infrared, or electro-optical signals. It further enhances aircraft defensive suite capabilities to degrade enemy threats. Developed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), the system completed its final flight test in January 2023 and will be installed on the C-130H aircraft used by Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new defensive system planned for installation on C-130H transport aircraft integrates on-board and off-board information about threats into a single display, allowing crewmembers to rapidly respond to the complex threat environment they face."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-07-24 14:49:57","changed_gmt":"2023-07-24 15:06:36","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-07-24T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-07-24T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671197":{"id":"671197","type":"image","title":"GTRI researchers Dan LaGesse, Linda Viney, and Clay Carpenter","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EGTRI researchers Dan LaGesse, Linda Viney, and Clay Carpenter are shown with the aircraft display developed for the Advanced Integrated Electronic Combat Suite (AIECS). (Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1690210036","gmt_created":"2023-07-24 14:47:16","changed":"1690210167","gmt_changed":"2023-07-24 14:49:27","alt":"GTRI researchers Dan LaGesse, Linda Viney, and Clay Carpenter","file":{"fid":"254213","name":"2023_0414_image_ASL_Linda Viney_AIECS_015-lg.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0414_image_ASL_Linda%20Viney_AIECS_015-lg.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0414_image_ASL_Linda%20Viney_AIECS_015-lg.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2497132,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0414_image_ASL_Linda%20Viney_AIECS_015-lg.jpg?itok=9H7S-B-T"}},"671199":{"id":"671199","type":"image","title":"Aircraft display for the Advanced Integrated Electronic Combat Suite","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EImage shows the aircraft display for the Advanced Integrated Electronic Combat Suite (AIECS). (Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1690211066","gmt_created":"2023-07-24 15:04:26","changed":"1690211168","gmt_changed":"2023-07-24 15:06:08","alt":"Aircraft display for the Advanced Integrated Electronic Combat Suite","file":{"fid":"254215","name":"2023_0414_image_ASL_Linda Viney_AIECS_002-lg.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0414_image_ASL_Linda%20Viney_AIECS_002-lg.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0414_image_ASL_Linda%20Viney_AIECS_002-lg.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1117677,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0414_image_ASL_Linda%20Viney_AIECS_002-lg.jpg?itok=8nVWSq_W"}}},"media_ids":["671197","671199"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"190800","name":"C-130H aircraft"},{"id":"2633","name":"Air Force"},{"id":"76471","name":"Air National Guard"},{"id":"192884","name":"AIECS"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"668560":{"#nid":"668560","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI\u2019s Professional Education Program Provides Real-World Training to Current, Future Leaders","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EChikita Sanders, a research associate at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), was recently looking for her next professional challenge \u2013 something that would sharpen her technical skills and widen her industry knowledge, but wouldn\u2019t require her to pursue another advanced degree. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESanders found the perfect fit in GTRI\u2019s Professional Education program (GTRI-PE). GTRI-PE is connected to the Georgia Tech Professional Education program (GTPE) and offers short courses and certificate programs taught by GTRI researchers in the areas of defense technology, cybersecurity, and occupational safety and health. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESanders last year earned a cybersecurity certificate through the program, which teaches participants how to best mitigate risk, defend their organization from external and internal threats, and more. Working in a cyber-focused role at GTRI, Sanders said the program equipped her with the strategic and technical knowledge to help protect GTRI against emerging threats. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe program was exactly what I was looking for,\u201d said Sanders. \u201cIt fit into my schedule and helped me \u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Eobtain more career-specific credentials\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI-PE offers over 100 distinct courses taught by more than 160 instructors. During FY22, the program delivered a total of 184 courses, predominantly catering to organizations such as the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and various government sponsors. GTRI researchers with a suitable background and proficiency may serve as instructors. Instructors receive supplemental compensation as an acknowledgment of their contributions to the program. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI-PE Director Renita Folds said GTRI researchers provide a practical perspective to the classroom that extends beyond theories and concepts.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cGTRI researchers bring immense value to our short courses, primarily through their extensive experience in their respective fields,\u201d Folds said. \u201cThey are actively engaged in applied research and working on cutting-edge solutions for complex problems on a daily basis. This direct involvement in the field allows them to bring real-world insights and up-to-date knowledge to the classroom, enhancing the learning experience for our course participants.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI places high importance on providing courses that cater to the current demand in various fields. While radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic warfare (EW) and cybersecurity remain highly sought-after disciplines, the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) also recognizes the significance of emerging technologies. Hence, GTRI is prioritizing the development of courses focused on cutting-edge subjects like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and data science. A new communications certificate program is currently under development and is set to launch in FY24, said Folds.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cWe recognize how critical it is for our government and industry partners to stay ahead of these pressing issues,\u201d she said. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI-PE offers a mix of in-person, hybrid and virtual classes, which consist of lectures, discussion sessions, and hands-on projects. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhile instructors are considered to be experts on the topics that they teach about, GTRI Principal Research Engineer \u003C\/span\u003ECarlos D\u00e1vila, who teaches courses on radar systems and electronic warfare (EW), said he is often just as much a student as a teacher. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ED\u00e1vila has been an instructor for the past 20 years, and developed two short courses for the program \u2013 \u003Cspan\u003EModeling and Simulation of Radar Systems and Basic Electronic Warfare Modeling, which are centered on two widely-used programming languages, \u003C\/span\u003EMATLAB and Simulink. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe intent with these courses is to build upon theoretical concepts by having students develop models that reinforce and illustrate those fundamentals,\u201d \u003C\/span\u003ED\u00e1vila said. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ED\u00e1vila said his favorite part of being an instructor is gaining fresh perspectives from students, who help him stay current on the ever-changing dynamics of his field. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cI see teaching and performing research as very complementary,\u201d he said. \u201cMy students keep me hungry to improve both the breadth and depth of my knowledge base.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAnother instructor, GTRI Principal Research Scientist Matt Guinn, has also been with the program for 20 years and developed the cybersecurity course Introduction to Penetration Testing. Guinn\u2019s class is lab-based and provides students with an understanding of the fundamental threat vectors and exploitation techniques adversaries use to breach systems and networks. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGuinn also co-teaches a course related to his own class called Defensive Cyber Operations. This course is also lab-based and introduces students to modern defensive skills required to counteract cyber threats. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cI often teach these courses back-to-back, which is fun because students get to spend the first class thinking about threats from an adversary\u2019s perspective, and then flip things around and learn about how to best defend against those threats in the second class.\u201d \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGuinn most enjoys demystifying cyber threats and providing his students with practical tools to be prepared to defend their organizations against them. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cOne of the main things that I try to accomplish with my class is to teach professionals who may have a limited amount of technical experience with handling cyber breaches the fundamentals of how to best address them,\u201d he said. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBut GTRI-PE is not limited to novices. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIndustry veterans who participate in the program say they can\u2019t believe how much there is left to learn. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EJaime Downing, an information security manager at the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD), which provides integrated air warfare capabilities to the U.S. Navy, has close to 25 years of cybersecurity experience, an MS in Information Systems Management Cybersecurity and multiple cyber certifications. Downing has audited cyber courses offered by similar programs across the country. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EDowning, who earned GTRI\u2019s cybersecurity certificate in 2021, said the practicality of the classes and the ability to collaborate with other DoD professionals helped her view cyber concepts in a new light.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cGTRI \u003C\/span\u003Eprovided perspectives to help with delivering objectives and benchmarks associated with vulnerabilities, threats and risk reduction,\u201d Downing said. \u201cE\u003Cspan\u003Even at the expert level, there is something new to learn every day. The \u003C\/span\u003EGTRI team provided professionalism and friendliness, displayed significant details, and was well versed on the topics taught.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EDowning added that the program reinforced the importance of maintaining strong cyber networks from a national security standpoint.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cFrom a DoD perspective, the U.S. has to be trained one step further than its adversaries,\u201d she said. \u201cWe need to make sure that we are as cyber-savvy as possible and that all of our networks are secured. Our nation\u2019s future depends on it.\u201d\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIf you are interested in learning more about GTRI-PE, you may contact Renita Folds at \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:renita.folds@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Erenita.folds@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nPhotos: Sean McNeil\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI-PE offers over 100 distinct courses taught by more than 160 instructors. GTRI places high importance on providing courses that cater to the current demand in various fields. While radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic warfare (EW) and cybersecurity remain highly sought-after disciplines, the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) also recognizes the significance of emerging technologies. Hence, GTRI is prioritizing the development of courses focused on cutting-edge subjects like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and data science.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI-PE is connected to the Georgia Tech Professional Education program (GTPE) and offers short courses and certificate programs taught by GTRI researchers in the areas of defense technology, cybersecurity, and occupational safety and health. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-07-24 14:41:21","changed_gmt":"2023-07-24 14:45:22","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-07-24T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-07-24T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671196":{"id":"671196","type":"image","title":"GTRI Principal Research Engineer Phil West","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EGTRI Principal Research Engineer Phil West (pictured) teaches a professional education course on cyber warfare and electromagnetic warfare (Photo Credit: Sean McNeil).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1690209450","gmt_created":"2023-07-24 14:37:30","changed":"1690209553","gmt_changed":"2023-07-24 14:39:13","alt":"GTRI Principal Research Engineer Phil West","file":{"fid":"254212","name":"2023_0508_image_DO_cybersecurity professional education_011.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0508_image_DO_cybersecurity%20professional%20education_011.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0508_image_DO_cybersecurity%20professional%20education_011.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3147884,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/07\/24\/2023_0508_image_DO_cybersecurity%20professional%20education_011.JPG?itok=VzTZ4dIq"}}},"media_ids":["671196"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"42911","name":"Education"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2662","name":"professional education"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"1404","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"192883","name":"defense technology"},{"id":"178829","name":"Occupational Safety \u0026 Health"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"668487":{"#nid":"668487","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Uses Haptic Technology to Enhance VR Military Training ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ENot just a technology for gamers, virtual reality (VR) is transforming countless industries, including the defense sector. The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is utilizing haptics, which draws on people\u2019s sense of touch, to make VR military training even more immersive and impactful. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EVR is a simulated experience that immerses users in a virtual world through the use of pose tracking and 3D displays. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has adopted VR as a way to provide real-time training for warfighters, such as flight simulations for fighter pilots and battlefield training for on-ground soldiers, as well as equipment repair and maintenance. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAlexis Noel, a GTRI senior research engineer who is leading this project, said VR is a cost- and time-effective alternative to traditional training methods. Noel, who holds a Ph.D. in biomechanics from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), focuses\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;her research on how to train the next generation of technicians, artisans, and engineers through immersive, interactive augmented reality (AR) and VR experiences.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201c\u003Cspan\u003EThe idea is that military personnel could put a VR headset on and walk through a whole bunch of different training scenarios without there being a need to spend the time and money required for them to be in the actual environment,\u201d Noel said. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs technology becomes increasingly more complex, subject matter experts (SMEs) are becoming increasingly sparse, she added. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cIn a traditional training environment, if you want to train someone on operating a new CNC milling machine, for example, you may have to fly a SME out from across the country, which can be expensive and time-consuming,\u201d Noel said. \u201cIf you don\u2019t have a SME, you have to rely on paper manuals, recorded videos, or virtual conferences. VR is the next step in the progression of training videos.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn addition to reducing the cost and time required to train novices on beginner tasks or standard operating procedures, VR can also replicate emergency scenarios, which can be challenging to do in a traditional training setting. VR can also enable repetition and be deployed to any location, Noel said. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EVR systems come with 3D headsets that show users the virtual world and hand controllers that allow them to interact with that new environment. However, many traditional VR controllers are rigid, clunky, and don\u2019t allow people to use their fingers to grab or manipulate small objects or complete tasks that require greater levels of precision. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ENoel\u2019s team is working to solve that challenge by developing a lightweight yet robust haptic device that users would wear on their fingertips. The haptic system is called LiGHT-VR, which stands for Lightweight Glove-free Haptics for Training in Virtual Reality. LiGHT-VR relies upon sensor fusion to accurately track the position of a user\u2019s fingertips and provide tactile feedback.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThis \u2018gloveless\u2019 glove would \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Eremove the need for rigid controllers and better allow warfighters to interact with things in the virtual world with their hands,\u201d Noel explained. \u201cIt has some feedback mechanisms in place to make it feel like they\u2019re actually touching things. Additionally, our haptic system is cable-free, lightweight, and can snugly fit any size hand for accurate finger tracking.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn addition to offering greater precision and tactile feedback, this lightweight device would have a low level of latency, or the amount of time it takes for a user\u2019s movements to be reflected in the VR environment, to optimize performance. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe haptics market has experienced rapid growth in recent years, largely due to the digital transformation spurred by Covid-19. The global haptics market is projected to reach $28.1 billion in value by 2026, a 104% increase from 2020. The tactile haptics market, meanwhile, is expected to grow 13.5% to reach $24 billion by \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/en\/news-release\/2022\/02\/07\/2379811\/28124\/en\/Global-Haptics-Market-Worth-28-1-Billion-by-2026-Insights-Into-the-Key-Market-Trends-Drivers-and-Challenges.html\u0022\u003E2026\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhile there are a number of commercial off-the-shelf products available in the VR haptic glove market, these gloves are plagued by immersion-breaking issues such as unrealistic haptic feedback, poor finger tracking, and bulky, ill-fitted fabric glove bases, noted Noel.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThese devices haven\u0027t quite figured out how to map your hand into the virtual world,\u201d she said. \u0026nbsp;\u201cThat\u2019s where we come in. We want to remove the controllers by precisely tracking where a user\u2019s fingertips are and then replicate that in the virtual world.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI\u2019s new haptics offering would usher in a new era of virtual DoD training. Military personnel would be able to do things such as use their hands to disassemble weapons and learn how to operate the buttons and switches in a nuclear power plant. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI has developed its own haptic prototype with a combination of off-the-shelf components and GTRI-developed silicone casting that would be placed on users\u2019 finger tips to track their movements. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThis project has been supported by GTRI\u2019s Independent Research and Development (IRAD) program.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nPhotos: Christopher Moore\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is utilizing haptics, which draws on people\u2019s sense of touch, to make VR military training even more immersive and impactful. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Alexis Noel, a GTRI senior research engineer who is leading this project, said the LiGHT-VR system is a cost- and time-effective alternative to traditional training methods."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-07-17 13:58:34","changed_gmt":"2023-07-17 14:07:37","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-07-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-07-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671173":{"id":"671173","type":"image","title":"GTRI Project Lead Alexis Noel","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EProject lead Alexis Noel (pictured) seeks to solve issues plaguing the VR haptic glove market, such as\u0026nbsp;unrealistic tactile feedback, poor finger tracking, and bulky, ill-fitted gloves (Photo Credit: Christopher Moore).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1689602192","gmt_created":"2023-07-17 13:56:32","changed":"1689602278","gmt_changed":"2023-07-17 13:57:58","alt":"GTRI Project Lead Alexis Noel","file":{"fid":"254187","name":"2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis Noel Haptic Feedback for Mixed Reality Platforms_023.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/17\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_023.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/17\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_023.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":14910709,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/07\/17\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_023.jpg?itok=SZAj7IJb"}},"671172":{"id":"671172","type":"image","title":"GTRI\u0027s Haptic Device is called LiGHT-VR","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EGTRI\u0027s haptic device is called LiGHT-VR, which stands for Lightweight Glove-free Haptics for Training in Virtual Reality. LiGHT-VR relies upon sensor fusion to accurately track the position of a user\u2019s fingertips and provide tactile feedback (Photo Credit: Christopher Moore).\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1689601731","gmt_created":"2023-07-17 13:48:51","changed":"1689602166","gmt_changed":"2023-07-17 13:56:06","alt":"GTRI\u0027s Haptic Device is called LiGHT-VR","file":{"fid":"254186","name":"2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis Noel Haptic Feedback for Mixed Reality Platforms_016_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/17\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_016_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/07\/17\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_016_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2962649,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/07\/17\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_016_0.jpg?itok=82UWwXGU"}}},"media_ids":["671173","671172"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"145251","name":"virtual reality"},{"id":"192806","name":"Haptic Technology"},{"id":"148381","name":"vr"},{"id":"192855","name":"LiGHT-VR"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"668227":{"#nid":"668227","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Researchers to Lead Pioneering Space Wargaming Series","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ESpace is, thankfully, a peaceful place. But that lack of conflict high overhead also obscures how little scholars down here know about the ways a conflict in orbit might play out, much less how to deter it.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech space policy expert Mariel Borowitz thinks she has a way to help clear up some of that confusion. Under a new $1.3 million grant from the U.S. Department of Defense, Borowitz plans to help lead a major series of public space wargaming exercises. They\u2019re meant to tease out how current U.S. deterrence strategies might fall short when it comes to stopping a conflict in space and what can be done to improve them.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen it comes to conflict in space, the stakes are enormously high and the challenges are extremely complex,\u201d said\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/mariel-borowitz\u0022\u003EBorowitz\u003C\/a\u003E, an associate professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, a unit of the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts. \u201cThis project will better equip us to understand whether existing deterrence models can help hold the line in space or whether another model is necessary to prevent a potentially devastating outbreak in orbit.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EJon Lindsay, an associate professor in the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ENunn School\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;with a joint appointment in the School of Cybersecurity and Privacy, will work with Borowitz on the project, as will U.S. Space Force Lt. Col. Brian Stewart \u2014 a Nunn School Ph.D. graduate who now teaches at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Jacquelyn Schneider \u2014 a Hoover Fellow at The Hoover Center at Stanford University \u2014 rounds out the team.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA central theme of the project will be trying to understand how the concept of integrated deterrence applies to conflict in space. Integrated deterrence essentially boils down to a country using everything at its disposal to prevent conflict from escalating too far, from applying diplomatic and economic pressure to bringing the military into the mix.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing such means to deter conflict in a global hotspot on the ground is tricky enough. Look no further than Ukraine for contemporary evidence of that.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBut when that hotspot is space, conflict doesn\u2019t just threaten stability in one part of the planet. It could quickly become a serious threat to civilian communications, commerce, and military operations across the globe. Despite the high stakes, trying to understand how to tamp down such conflict is something government officials and scholars are only beginning to tackle.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMuch of the work in this space focuses on improving military technology to sense what adversaries are doing and improving the ability of militaries to destroy incoming attacks quickly. But this project highlights how no complex problem can be solved without considering both technological and human factors \u2014 a core competency of the Nunn School and the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe understand entanglement from a technological standpoint, but we need to better understand how these entanglements affect perceptions and decisions, which ultimately shape deterrence,\u201d Borowitz said. \u201cAnd we need to have more clarity on how decisions to separate military and civilian systems or choices to integrate different sectors within the space domain more closely might affect deterrence, before billions of dollars are spent on these efforts.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBorowitz and her colleagues have already staged versions of space conflict scenarios in the classroom at Georgia Tech. They are now broadening the scope and preparing for the first exercises, which could come as soon as September.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team plans to hold wargaming sessions across the globe over the next few years, including at Georgia Tech and the Air Force Academy and in Washington, Brussels, Taiwan, and Tokyo. The sessions will include national security figures, scholars, students, and international partners.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project is expected to generate a significant dataset of use to scholars, as well as a book, game design materials, and other assets to help other researchers continue the work, Borowitz said\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EUnder a new $1.3 million grant from the U.S. Department of Defense, Mariel Borowitz plans to help lead a major series of public space wargaming exercises. They\u2019re meant to tease out how current U.S. deterrence strategies might fall short when it comes to stopping a conflict in space and what can be done to improve them.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Mariel Borowitz and Jon Lindsay of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs will help lead a series of public wargaming exercises to test the limits of U.S. deterrence strategies in space."}],"uid":"35797","created_gmt":"2023-06-26 18:53:31","changed_gmt":"2023-06-26 19:15:05","author":"Siobhan Rodriguez","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-06-26T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-06-26T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671037":{"id":"671037","type":"image","title":"Space Wargaming Series.jpeg","body":"\u003Cp\u003EMariel Borowitz and Jon Lindsay of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs will help lead a series of public wargaming exercises to test the limits of U.S. deterrence strategies in space.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1687805622","gmt_created":"2023-06-26 18:53:42","changed":"1687805622","gmt_changed":"2023-06-26 18:53:42","alt":"Image of Space and satellite in orbit next to Mariel Borowitz and Jon Lindsay ","file":{"fid":"254027","name":"Space Wargaming Series.jpeg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/06\/26\/Space%20Wargaming%20Series.jpeg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/06\/26\/Space%20Wargaming%20Series.jpeg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":12325,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/06\/26\/Space%20Wargaming%20Series.jpeg?itok=QS5Akybz"}}},"media_ids":["671037"],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"151","name":"Policy, Social Sciences, and Liberal Arts"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"}],"keywords":[{"id":"192808","name":"wargaming"},{"id":"167146","name":"space"},{"id":"192809","name":"wargaming exercises"},{"id":"169209","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts; Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"id":"180043","name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"191634","name":"school of cybersecurity and privacy"},{"id":"191634","name":"school of cybersecurity and privacy"},{"id":"137281","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"},{"id":"192810","name":"united states air force"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71911","name":"Earth and Environment"},{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EMichael Pearson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"668225":{"#nid":"668225","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Uses Haptic Technology to Enhance VR Military Training ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ENot just a technology for gamers, virtual reality (VR) is transforming countless industries, including the defense sector. The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is utilizing haptics, which draws on people\u2019s sense of touch, to make VR military training even more immersive and impactful. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EVR is a simulated experience that immerses users in a virtual world through the use of pose tracking and 3D displays. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has adopted VR as a way to provide real-time training for warfighters, such as flight simulations for fighter pilots and battlefield training for on-ground soldiers, as well as equipment repair and maintenance. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAlexis Noel, a GTRI senior research engineer who is leading this project, said VR is a cost- and time-effective alternative to traditional training methods. Noel, who holds a Ph.D. in biomechanics from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), focuses\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u0026nbsp;her research on how to train the next generation of technicians, artisans, and engineers through immersive, interactive augmented reality (AR) and VR experiences.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201c\u003Cspan\u003EThe idea is that military personnel could put a VR headset on and walk through a whole bunch of different training scenarios without there being a need to spend the time and money required for them to be in the actual environment,\u201d Noel said. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAs technology becomes increasingly more complex, subject matter experts (SMEs) are becoming increasingly sparse, she added. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cIn a traditional training environment, if you want to train someone on operating a new CNC milling machine, for example, you may have to fly a SME out from across the country, which can be expensive and time-consuming,\u201d Noel said. \u201cIf you don\u2019t have a SME, you have to rely on paper manuals, recorded videos, or virtual conferences. VR is the next step in the progression of training videos.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn addition to reducing the cost and time required to train novices on beginner tasks or standard operating procedures, VR can also replicate emergency scenarios, which can be challenging to do in a traditional training setting. VR can also enable repetition and be deployed to any location, Noel said. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EVR systems come with 3D headsets that show users the virtual world and hand controllers that allow them to interact with that new environment. However, many traditional VR controllers are rigid, clunky, and don\u2019t allow people to use their fingers to grab or manipulate small objects or complete tasks that require greater levels of precision. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ENoel\u2019s team is working to solve that challenge by developing a lightweight yet robust haptic device that users would wear on their fingertips. The haptic system is called LiGHT-VR, which stands for Lightweight Glove-free Haptics for Training in Virtual Reality. LiGHT-VR relies upon sensor fusion to accurately track the position of a user\u2019s fingertips and provide tactile feedback.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThis \u2018gloveless\u2019 glove would \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Eremove the need for rigid controllers and better allow warfighters to interact with things in the virtual world with their hands,\u201d Noel explained. \u201cIt has some feedback mechanisms in place to make it feel like they\u2019re actually touching things. Additionally, our haptic system is cable-free, lightweight, and can snugly fit any size hand for accurate finger tracking.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn addition to offering greater precision and tactile feedback, this lightweight device would have a low level of latency, or the amount of time it takes for a user\u2019s movements to be reflected in the VR environment, to optimize performance. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe haptics market has experienced rapid growth in recent years, largely due to the digital transformation spurred by Covid-19. The global haptics market is projected to reach $28.1 billion in value by 2026, a 104% increase from 2020. The tactile haptics market, meanwhile, is expected to grow 13.5% to reach $24 billion by \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/en\/news-release\/2022\/02\/07\/2379811\/28124\/en\/Global-Haptics-Market-Worth-28-1-Billion-by-2026-Insights-Into-the-Key-Market-Trends-Drivers-and-Challenges.html\u0022\u003E2026\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhile there are a number of commercial off-the-shelf products available in the VR haptic glove market, these gloves are plagued by immersion-breaking issues such as unrealistic haptic feedback, poor finger tracking, and bulky, ill-fitted fabric glove bases, noted Noel.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThese devices haven\u0027t quite figured out how to map your hand into the virtual world,\u201d she said. \u0026nbsp;\u201cThat\u2019s where we come in. We want to remove the controllers by precisely tracking where a user\u2019s fingertips are and then replicate that in the virtual world.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI\u2019s new haptics offering would usher in a new era of virtual DoD training. Military personnel would be able to do things such as use their hands to disassemble weapons and learn how to operate the buttons and switches in a nuclear power plant. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI has developed its own haptic prototype with a combination of off-the-shelf components and GTRI-developed silicone casting that would be placed on users\u2019 finger tips to track their movements. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThis project has been supported by GTRI\u2019s Independent Research and Development (IRAD) program.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nPhotos: Christopher Moore\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has adopted virtual reality (VR) as a way to provide real-time training for warfighters, such as flight simulations for fighter pilots and battlefield training for on-ground soldiers, as well as equipment repair and maintenance. The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is utilizing haptics, as a cost- and time-effective method to create immersive, interactive augmented reality (AR) and VR experiences for military training.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is utilizing haptics, which draws on people\u2019s sense of touch, to usher in a new era of immersive and impactful virtual military training."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-06-26 15:45:02","changed_gmt":"2023-06-26 15:59:43","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-06-26T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-06-26T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"671035":{"id":"671035","type":"image","title":"GTRI\u0027s Haptic Device is Called LiGHT-VR","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EGTRI\u0027s haptic device is called LiGHT-VR, which stands for Lightweight Glove-free Haptics for Training in Virtual Reality. LiGHT-VR relies upon sensor fusion to accurately track the position of a user\u2019s fingertips and provide tactile feedback (Photo Credit: Christopher Moore).\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1687794102","gmt_created":"2023-06-26 15:41:42","changed":"1687794204","gmt_changed":"2023-06-26 15:43:24","alt":"GTRI\u0027s Haptic Device is Called LiGHT-VR","file":{"fid":"254025","name":"2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis Noel Haptic Feedback for Mixed Reality Platforms_016_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/06\/26\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_016_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/06\/26\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_016_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2962649,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/06\/26\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_016_0.jpg?itok=ScF61o7O"}},"671034":{"id":"671034","type":"image","title":"Haptics Project Lead Alexis Noel ","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EProject lead Alexis Noel (pictured) said her team seeks to solve issues plaguing the VR haptic glove market, such as\u0026nbsp;unrealistic tactile feedback, poor finger tracking, and bulky, ill-fitted gloves (Photo Credit: Christopher Moore).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1687793573","gmt_created":"2023-06-26 15:32:53","changed":"1687794076","gmt_changed":"2023-06-26 15:41:16","alt":"Haptics Project Lead Alexis Noel ","file":{"fid":"254024","name":"2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis Noel Haptic Feedback for Mixed Reality Platforms_023.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/06\/26\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_023.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/06\/26\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_023.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":14910709,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/06\/26\/2023_0616_PHOTO_ATAS_Alexis%20Noel%20Haptic%20Feedback%20for%20Mixed%20Reality%20Platforms_023.jpg?itok=a3EOWVn8"}}},"media_ids":["671035","671034"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"192806","name":"Haptic Technology"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"145251","name":"virtual reality"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"},{"id":"192807","name":"DOD Training"},{"id":"7141","name":"IRAD"},{"id":"191810","name":"haptics"},{"id":"191810","name":"haptics"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"668087":{"#nid":"668087","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Researchers Support Execution of Multinational Training Exercise in Alaska","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Researchers from across multiple Labs supported the Northern Edge 2023 (NE23-1) training exercise in Alaska from May 8 to May 19. The training exercise took place at the Joint Pacific Alaska Range Complex (JPARC).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ENorthern Edge 2023 involved thousands of U.S. service members, five ships and more than 150 aircraft at various locations in and around Alaska. The NE 23-1 contingency included service members from the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, Royal Air Force (UK), and Royal Australian Air Force. NE 23-1 provided the opportunity for U.S. military and allied personnel to sharpen their skills; practice tactics, techniques, and procedures; to improve command, control, and communication relationships; and develop cooperative plans and programs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe large contingent of U.S. forces participants was joined by United Kingdom and Australian service members in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command exercise, which provided an opportunity for joint, multinational, and multi-domain operations designed to provide high-end, realistic warfighter training, develop and improve joint interoperability, and enhance the combat readiness of participating forces. U.S. alliances and partnerships remain a critical defense relationship and a central pillar of all nations\u2019 national security, based on shared values and a common commitment to peace and security.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cNE23-1 is a strong example of multilateral cooperation and demonstrates the U.S. commitment to the region by building interoperability, advancing common interests and a commitment to our Allies and partners in ensuring a free and open Indo-Pacific region,\u201d according to Pacific Air Forces Public Affairs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers supported the exercise from multiple locations, including Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson and Eielson Air Force Base, among others. The exercise provided an opportunity for GTRI to showcase our talents and capabilities across multiple areas of air and ground systems research and development.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGreat job to all!\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWriter:\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u0026nbsp;Mike Naes, Orlando Field Office Manager (Reference 354th Fighter Wing Public Affairs)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPhoto:\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u0026nbsp;Senior Airman Jose Miguel Tamondong\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Researchers from across multiple Labs supported the Northern Edge 2023 (NE23-1) training exercise in Alaska from May 8 to May 19. NE 23-1 provided the opportunity for U.S. military and allied personnel to sharpen their skills; practice tactics, techniques, and procedures; to improve command, control, and communication relationships; and develop cooperative plans and programs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI Researchers supported the Northern Edge 2023 (NE23-1) training exercise in Alaska, involving thousands of U.S. service members to sharpen their skills, practice tactics, improve communication relationships, and develop cooperative programs."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-06-13 12:07:42","changed_gmt":"2023-06-13 12:35:12","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-06-13T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-06-13T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"670974":{"id":"670974","type":"image","title":"Multinational Training Exercise","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPhoto:\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u0026nbsp;Senior Airman Jose Miguel Tamondong\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1686657868","gmt_created":"2023-06-13 12:04:28","changed":"1686658025","gmt_changed":"2023-06-13 12:07:05","alt":"Multinational Training Exercise","file":{"fid":"253950","name":"Multinational Training Exercise.PNG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/06\/13\/Multinational%20Training%20Exercise.PNG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/06\/13\/Multinational%20Training%20Exercise.PNG","mime":"image\/png","size":2641070,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/06\/13\/Multinational%20Training%20Exercise.PNG?itok=MK7Apd7c"}}},"media_ids":["670974"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"192764","name":"NE23-1"},{"id":"445","name":"Alaska"},{"id":"147121","name":"U.S. Navy"},{"id":"192077","name":"U.S. Marine Corps"},{"id":"2633","name":"Air Force"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"667949":{"#nid":"667949","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Hybrid Ceramic-Polymer Batteries Offer Safety, High-Performance Potential","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EFuture generations of solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on hybrid ceramic-polymer electrolytes could offer the potential for greater energy storage, faster recharging, and higher electrochemical and thermal stability \u2013 while overcoming many of the technology challenges associated with earlier solid-state batteries.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAt the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), researchers are working to expand their fundamental understanding of these hybrid electrolytes, the component that transfers charge between electrodes as the batteries power systems such as electric vehicles (EVs) \u2013 and are then recharged. Lithium-ion batteries widely used in today\u2019s EVs rely on liquid electrolytes, which are susceptible to thermal runaway and fire if they are damaged.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cWe\u2019ve shown that we can fabricate these hybrid, solid-state electrolytes and put them into coin cells to demonstrate high performance and high stability,\u201d said Ilan Stern, a principal research scientist who leads battery research at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), Georgia Tech\u2019s applied research organization. \u201cWe\u2019ve laid the foundation to show that we can develop innovations in solid-state batteries based on these ceramic-polymer hybrids. Our next step is to integrate the technology into pouch cells, the type of batteries used in electric vehicles.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe GTRI researchers are working with colleagues from Georgia Tech\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorge W. Woodruff\u0026nbsp;School of Mechanical Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mse.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESchool of Materials Science and Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E, and the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.research.gatech.edu\/energy\u0022\u003EStrategic Energy Institute\u003C\/a\u003E on research into an electrolyte known as lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP). A polymer component known as poly DOL surrounds the LAGP electrolyte, providing internal ionic conductivity that goes well beyond existing ceramic electrolytes \u2013 without the disadvantages of flammable liquids. The fabrication team and academic collaboration are led by Jinho Park, a GTRI research scientist. Synthesis of the LAGP ceramic is led by Jason Nadler, a GTRI principal research scientist.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdvantages of Hybrid Ceramic-Polymer Materials\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EStern describes traditional ceramic electrolytes as similar to hard candy \u2013 think M\u0026amp;Ms \u2013 poured into the space between the battery anode and cathode. The hard ceramics provide safety and energy storage advantages, but are limited in how much they contact the electrodes to transfer ionic charges. Adding the polymer dramatically improves the interfacial contact between the electrodes and electrolyte while maintaining most advantages of the ceramics.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe electrochemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical stability will be the main differences between the liquid electrolytes and these hybrids,\u201d he said. \u201cWe\u2019re really taking the best of both worlds. As solid-state batteries enable the use of a Li-metal anode, the ceiling for capacity is significantly higher, so we should ultimately see a dramatic increase in energy density compared to the conventional Li-ion batteries based on the liquid electrolytes.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe hybrid ceramic-polymer electrolyte looks like a hockey puck, but will be more resistant to damage than a pure ceramic. \u201cIt will certainly be much more forgiving than a ceramic,\u201d Stern said. \u201cEven if micro-cracks develop, the polymer will provide the scaffolding to ensure integrity, holding it together structurally.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMoving Ahead with Solid-State Batteries\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESolid-state batteries are not yet in commercial use, but at least one EV manufacturer plans to put them into vehicles within the next few years as battery manufacturers continue to make improvements. But the technology is far less mature than existing liquid-electrolyte systems, inviting innovations such as the hybrid system the Georgia Tech researchers are working on.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe research is being supported, in part, by a $1.1 million, three-year independent research and development commitment from GTRI. \u201cWith the unprecedented federal and state investment made in Georgia for electric vehicles, battery manufacturing, and recycling, GTRI continues to build strong collaborations to help identify gaps and new business models \u2013 and to forecast the number and types of recycling plants necessary to respond to future market demands,\u201d Stern added.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBased on encouraging results with small, laboratory-scale batteries, the researchers plan to expand their work into batteries that could be fabricated by the hundreds or thousands for further development and testing \u2013 and, ultimately, large-scale manufacturing. \u201cAs we increase our efficiency with fabrication, manufacturing costs will come down, while supply chain integration and the sustainability goals of reusability and recycling will have a big impact,\u201d Stern said.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EModel-Based System Engineering Guides the Future\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBeyond demonstrating the potential for this technology, the research team also is modeling the operation of the cells to help guide future technology development and assessing the potential life cycle of the hybrid electrolyte solid-state batteries. Among the future goals are integrating the technology into supply chains that would not rely on materials sourced from conflict areas of the world, and evaluating new electrode materials such as lithium metal and silicon to replace standard graphite.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe objective of the model-based system engineering (MBSE) task is to model expert knowledge ranging from the fabrication level to the system integration to unveil opportunities for research as well as new business models,\u201d said Paula Gomez, a GTRI senior research engineer, and the modeling team lead.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe research team is developing models in three main areas: (1) fabrication and performance; (2) manufacturing process; and (3) reuse, refurbish, and recycling. Integrating these models involves evaluating battery efficiency and stability, cost of production, and energy consumption, as well as return on investment of recycling materials. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThough the advantages of solid-state electrolytes are very attractive, there are challenges ahead. A hybrid electrolyte system is more complicated to manufacture, and the electrical, mechanical, and chemical interactions between the materials must be thoroughly studied. \u201cThe more complexity you have, the more issues you have to understand,\u201d Stern said.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMilitary and Economic Development Applications\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EGTRI is known for its support of national security through research sponsored by U.S. Department of Defense agencies. Stern expects the improved solid-state battery technology will ultimately find its way into military gear carried by soldiers and future generations of electrically powered military vehicles.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe work also supports economic development for the state of Georgia, which is rapidly becoming a hub for electric vehicle and battery manufacturing. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cGeorgia is becoming the epicenter of the electrification revolution with vehicle makers such as Rivian and Hyundai, battery companies such as SK, FREYER Battery, and recyclers such as Ascend Elements,\u201d Stern said. \u201cGeorgia Tech is contributing to the state\u2019s economic development by helping drive that innovation.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBattery Day Demonstrates Interest\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EA recent \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.research.gatech.edu\/georgia-tech-battery-day-reveals-opportunities-energy-storage-research\u0022\u003E\u201cBattery Day\u201d\u003C\/a\u003E held March 30 at Georgia Tech highlighted the broad research collaborations already underway. Led by Matthew McDowell, associate professor in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the School of Materials Science and Engineering, the event attracted more than 230 energy researchers and industry participants.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBeyond those already mentioned, the hybrid battery project includes Michael Shearin, Richard Wise, John Hankinson, Matthew Swarts, Khatereh Hadi, Milad Navaei, and Jack Zentner from GTRI. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAt the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), researchers are working to expand their fundamental understanding of solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on hybrid ceramic-polymer electrolytes, which could offer the potential for greater energy storage, faster recharging, and higher electrochemical and thermal stability \u2013 while overcoming many of the technology challenges associated with earlier solid-state batteries.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are helping guide future technology development of hybrid ceramic-polymer batteries and assessing their potential life cycle, and economic and military benefits."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-05-31 13:17:04","changed_gmt":"2023-06-12 14:33:31","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-05-31T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-05-31T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"670903":{"id":"670903","type":"image","title":"GTRI All-solid-state Battery Project Team","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMembers of the all-solid-state battery project model-based system engineering team include (left to right) Milad Navaei, Gonzalo Vegas, Matthew Swarts, Khatereh Hadi, Ilan Stern, Jinho Park, Paula Gomez, John Hankinson and Jack Zentner. (Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1685538028","gmt_created":"2023-05-31 13:00:28","changed":"1685538748","gmt_changed":"2023-05-31 13:12:28","alt":"GTRI All-solid-state Battery Project Team","file":{"fid":"253869","name":"solid-state_155.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_155.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_155.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2370978,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_155.jpg?itok=Xoz4Xw4n"}},"670902":{"id":"670902","type":"image","title":"GTRI Team Presents the Results of Cell Performance Test","body":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EJinho Park (center), fabrication team leader for the project, presents the results of cell performance test to Ilan Stern (right), project director; and Seung Woo Lee (left), professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering. (Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","created":"1685537783","gmt_created":"2023-05-31 12:56:23","changed":"1685538007","gmt_changed":"2023-05-31 13:00:07","alt":"GTRI Team Presents the Results of Cell Performance Test","file":{"fid":"253868","name":"solid-state_099_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_099_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_099_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1992827,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_099_0.jpg?itok=MIdgG8ee"}}},"media_ids":["670903","670902"],"related_files":{"253869":{"fid":null,"name":"GTRI All-solid-state Battery Project Team","file_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_155.jpg","file_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_155.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2370978,"description":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMembers of the all-solid-state battery project model-based system engineering team include (left to right) Milad Navaei, Gonzalo Vegas, Matthew Swarts, Khatereh Hadi, Ilan Stern, Jinho Park, Paula Gomez, John Hankinson and Jack Zentner. (Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n"},"253868":{"fid":null,"name":"GTRI Team Presents the Results of Cell Performance Test","file_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_099_0.jpg","file_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\/05\/31\/solid-state_099_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1992827,"description":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EJinho Park (center), fabrication team leader for the project, presents the results of cell performance test to Ilan Stern (right), project director; and Seung Woo Lee (left), professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering. (Credit: Christopher Moore, GTRI)\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n"}},"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"7826","name":"Batteries"},{"id":"74261","name":"ceramics"},{"id":"192705","name":"ceramic-polymer"},{"id":"178554","name":"electrolytes"},{"id":"2294","name":"materials science"},{"id":"516","name":"engineering"},{"id":"215","name":"manufacturing"},{"id":"189096","name":"system engineering"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"290","name":"Economy"},{"id":"192706","name":"Battery Day"},{"id":"192707","name":"LAGP"},{"id":"541","name":"Mechanical Engineering"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"667227":{"#nid":"667227","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Graduate Student Research Fellowship Program Continues to Expand for Third Year","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) solves the most pressing national security problems, from spacecraft innovations to artificial forensics, and has historically sought to partner with Georgia Tech faculty to enhance those solutions. The GTRI Graduate Student Research Fellowship Program (GSFP) is a competitive program for high-caliber Georgia Tech graduate students. Selected academic researchers and graduate students work on research that is aligned with GTRI strategic technology priorities. The GSFP fosters and cultivates long-term relationships between academic faculty and GTRI researchers to fulfill the mission of creating leaders who advance technology and improve the human condition. \u003Ca data-entity-substitution=\u0022canonical\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022node\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022a958b8d1-c4a6-4dc8-b3c2-73ac67d10d28\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/laboratories\u0022\u003EFind out more about the labs at GTRI.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/coe.gatech.edu\/news\/2021\/06\/national-security-research-fueled-partnership\u0022\u003EThe first eight projects in the inaugural cohort\u003C\/a\u003E, along with \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/research.gatech.edu\/gtri-graduate-student-fellowship-expands\u0022\u003Ethe seven projects chosen last year\u003C\/a\u003E, have been a great success. In this third year, the fellowship is expanding to include an additional seven projects that will further the research collaboration across Georgia Tech\u2019s schools and colleges.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cWe really want connectivity to manifest through research collaborations, and it\u2019s advantageous for us to reach into the broad wealth of and depth of talent across the academic schools,\u201d said Mark Whorton, GTRI\u2019s chief technology officer. \u201cFrom the theoretical research done on campus into the applied research we do at GTRI, we\u0027re seeking to take those great capabilities and bring applications into the national security space.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAcross the seven selected fellowship awards for the upcoming academic year, researchers from GTRI labs will co-advise students along with a Georgia Tech faculty member. This year\u2019s projects will lead to innovations in everything from electronic warfare systems, artificial intelligence\/machine learning, autonomous systems, and protein sequencing to international policy. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003EFaculty Research Pairs and Proposals\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat: Reconfigurable Metasurfaces for High-Power Microwave Systems and Emerging EM Spectrum Operation Concepts\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho:\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;Dr. Nima Ghalichechian, Dr. Joshua Kovitz, Walter Disharoon\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnit: \u003C\/strong\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Advanced Concepts Laboratory (ACL)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy It Matters:\u003C\/strong\u003E Reconfigurable metasurfaces have the potential to improve high-power microwave (HPM) systems, enabling applications such as adaptive beamforming and beam shaping, frequency tuning, and polarization timing for use in radar, communication systems, directed energy, and other electronic warfare systems. This research proposes to develop reconfigurable metasurfaces using vanadium dioxide (VO2) switch technologies for HPM systems, and demonstrate a reconfigurable reflectarray (RRA) and high-power limiter metasurface.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cPhase-change materials offer a completely new paradigm for the ubiquitous RF switch, a fundamental building block in sensor and electronic warfare systems,\u201d said Kovitz and Ghalichechian. \u201cAs a part of this joint effort, we plan to design, fabricate, and test novel reconfigurable and high-power microwave structures based on these phase-change materials.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat: Interactive Decision-making and Resilient Planning for Long-Horizon Collaborative Manipulation in Complex Military Environments\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho:\u003C\/strong\u003E Dr. Ye Zhao, Dr. Stephen Balakirsky, Maxwell Asselmeier\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnit:\u003C\/strong\u003E School of Mechanical Engineering; Aerospace Transportation \u0026amp; Advanced Systems Laboratory (ATAS)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy It Matters: \u003C\/strong\u003ECollaborative manipulation, as a class of general-purpose autonomous systems, provides an expansive set of desirable capabilities to perform complex tasks in highly unstructured environments. These autonomous systems could operate in dangerous environments that are inaccessible to first responders, saving labor and reducing the risk to human life. This will open the opportunity of enabling human operators to focus on high-level, critical decisions.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201c\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThis fellowship will support human-robot teaming with a robot that has a high level of autonomy along with a sense of touch,\u201d said Balakirsky. \u201cThis combination will allow a human operator to provide tasking of dexterous manipulation tasks to the robot without the burden of teleoperation or constant process monitoring. This system has wide-ranging applications from search and rescue to manufacturing.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat: Trustworthy Edge Systems for Video Analytics: Robustness, Safety, and Resilience\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho:\u003C\/strong\u003E Dr. Ling Liu, Dr. Margaret Loper, Connor Geurin\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnit:\u003C\/strong\u003E School of Computer Science; Information and Communications Laboratory (ICL)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy It Matters: \u003C\/strong\u003EVideo as an edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) service will be a crucial component in many cyber-physical systems and applications. However, most of the video analytics today are typically done in the Cloud, which incurs overwhelming demand for bandwidth. This research is centered on developing trustworthy edge systems for video analytics, including developing the theory, algorithms, and techniques for boosting the robustness of real-time object detection. This will ensure safety and resilience against different types of disruptions and compromises.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThe proliferation of mobile computing and Internet of Things has created a paradigm that pushes computing tasks and services from the network core to the network edge,\u201d said Loper. \u201cPushing AI to the edge is seen as a promising solution for processing the massive amounts of small data generated by these devices. The findings of this research could fundamentally change how AI-enhanced edge systems will be designed, developed, and deployed, and could lead to a new generation of security and safety-enhanced edge systems.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat: Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Policy-perspective Explainable and Trusted Artificial Intelligence\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho:\u003C\/strong\u003E Dr. Sehoon Ha, Dr. Robert Wright, Morgan Byrd\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnits: \u003C\/strong\u003ESchool of Interactive Computing; Cybersecurity, Information Protection, and Hardware Evaluation Research Laboratory (CIPHER)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy It Matters: \u003C\/strong\u003EThe emergence of capable artificial intelligence (AI) that can make sequential strategic decisions via deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has revolutionized various fields, including computer games and robotic control, but they have not yet impacted safety-critical domains such as power grid control, medical treatment, and autonomous driving and far from real-world deployment. This research investigates scalable model-based RL approaches for explainable and trusted AI to develop explainable AI learning frameworks that can be applied to these safety-critical domains.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cAI technologies are becoming more and more capable every day and are on the verge of revolutionizing many fields and industries,\u201d said Wright. \u201cHowever, AI models are prone to mistakes, and their reasoning can be very opaque, leading to a [reasonable] lack of trust. This effort investigates novel explainable AI approaches for Reinforcement Learning (RL) to improve trust and practicality. Our intent is to develop model-based RL algorithms that can explicitly describe why it is making its decisions, visualize or describe what it expects to happen, and provide counterfactual examples for why it chose not to make decisions.\u201d \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat: Two-dimensional Nanopore Sensors for Real-time, Single Molecule Protein Sequencing\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho:\u003C\/strong\u003E Dr. Eric Vogel, Dr. Katherine Young, Noah Baughman\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnits: \u003C\/strong\u003ESchool of Materials Science and Engineering; Cybersecurity, Information Protection, and Hardware Evaluation Research Laboratory (CIPHER)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy It Matters: \u003C\/strong\u003EThere is a significant need to develop rapid protein sequencing technologies that can be used by the warfighter in the field to identify the impact of biological warfare agents or to provide physiological monitoring to enhance soldier performance. A technology to rapidly sequence the primary and secondary structure of proteins at the single-molecule level in real-time does not currently exist. The objective of this work is to develop a rapid protein sequencing prototype technology based on two-dimensional (e.g., graphene, MoS2) nanopore sensors that can be used by the warfighter in the field and enable future research programs which apply this prototype to perform full protein sequencing.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThere is a significant need to develop rapid protein sequencing technologies that can be used to identify the impact of biological warfare agents or to provide physiological monitoring to enhance human performance,\u201d said Vogel and Young. \u201cThis fellowship will support the fundamental research necessary to develop nanopore electrochemical sensors based on two-dimensional materials to rapidly sequence the primary and secondary structure of proteins at the single-molecule level in real-time.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat: Generating Geopolitics: AI, Disinformation, and the Future of National Security\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho:\u003C\/strong\u003E Dr. Jon Lindsay, Mr. Nicholas Nelson, Dennis Murphy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnits: \u003C\/strong\u003ESchool of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, and School of Public Policy; Electronics, Optics, Systems Directorate (EOSD)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy It Matters:\u003C\/strong\u003E The use of Artificial Intelligence\/Machine Learning (AI\/ML) in national security has the potential to enhance our ability to protect national interests greatly. However, there are also potential challenges and risks associated with this technology, such as the potential for bias or misuse. This research will engage in a multidisciplinary study that will bridge the gap between disparate research fields and reintroduce relevant security-related concepts from the social sciences. This will result in the generation of scientifically-grounded potential use cases for the technology in the support and protection of national interests.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cAs AI\/ML capabilities and use cases continue to evolve, it is critical for defense and national security actors to better innovate, scale, deploy, and integrate AI and autonomy-based technologies to form agile, system-wide solutions,\u201d Nelson and Lindsay said. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat: Unmasking the \u0022Status dilemma\/competition\u0022 of the triad powers (Russia, China, and United States) in offensive-defensive behavior\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho: \u003C\/strong\u003EDr. Adam Stulberg, Dr. Theresa Kessler, Megan Litz\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnits: \u003C\/strong\u003ESam Nunn School of International Affairs; Advanced Concepts Laboratory (ACL)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy it matters: \u003C\/strong\u003EUnveiling the misperceptions of offensive and defensive signaling is needed in a time when offensive and defensive capabilities are becoming ever more difficult to decipher as technology is evolving. The goal of this research is to shed light on how misinterpreting states\u2019 \u003Cem\u003Estatus\u003C\/em\u003E can lead to international conflict and expand the initial scholarship that is starting to gain traction within the political science and security studies communities. Understanding and attempting to codify intention would be of great interest to U.S. strategists and tactical planners and aid in answering vital questions of National Security regarding the status of triad powers. Information of this nature will benefit U.S. leadership, departments, and inter-agencies that navigate relations with Russia and China.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u201cThis fellowship will support the codification of offensive and defensive signals between Russian, Chinese, and American powers using an open-source literature repository,\u201d said Kessler. \u201cThis will help unveil misperceptions and decipher intention.\u201d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriters: Georgia Parmelee, Tess Malone (Georgia Tech Research); Charles Domercant, Anna Akins (GTRI)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,900 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $800 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0027s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe GTRI Graduate Student Research Fellowship Program (GSFP) is a competitive program for high-caliber Georgia Tech graduate students. Selected academic researchers and graduate students work on research that is aligned with GTRI strategic technology priorities. The GSFP fosters and cultivates long-term relationships between academic faculty and GTRI researchers to fulfill the mission of creating leaders who advance technology and improve the human condition. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":" This third year\u2019s GTRI Graduate Student Research Fellowship Program (GSFP) will further the research collaboration across Georgia Tech\u2019s schools and colleges, leading to innovations in everything from artificial intelligence to international policy."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-04-11 14:52:49","changed_gmt":"2023-04-11 14:52:49","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-03-30T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2023-03-30T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"42911","name":"Education"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"1808","name":"graduate students"},{"id":"368","name":"Fellowship"},{"id":"192508","name":"GSFP"},{"id":"192509","name":"GTRI Graduate Student Research Fellowship Program"},{"id":"192510","name":"developing tech leaders"},{"id":"2835","name":"ai"},{"id":"9167","name":"machine learning"},{"id":"188423","name":"improving the human condition"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"665774":{"#nid":"665774","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI 2022 Annual Report","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWelcome to GTRI\u0026rsquo;s 2022 digital annual report. This report is intended to give you a glimpse into our accomplishments, research investments, and outreach programs that highlight our commitment to enhancing Georgia\u0026rsquo;s economic development, serving national security, improving the human condition, and educating future technology leaders. Those four mission areas represent GTRI\u0026rsquo;s mission and reason for existing and are core to who we are.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFY22 was another year of growth. Our workforce of more than 2,900 produced 15% higher revenue and many impactful deliverables. In FY23, we will focus on developing our portfolio tools and strengthening our partnerships.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThrough this report, we invite you to review the many inspiring stories that showcase our organization\u0026rsquo;s dedication to providing innovative solutions for government and industry. We hope you will join us as we continue taking our capabilities to new heights.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/newsroom\/gtri-2022-annual-report\u0022\u003EVISIT THE GTRI 2022 ANNUAL REPORT DIGITAL SERIES\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/public\/prod\/2023-02\/2022_GTRI_Digital_Annual%20Report_gtri.gatech.edu_.pdf\u0022\u003EDOWNLOAD THE GTRI 2022 ANNUAL REPORT (PDF)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Digital Edition of GTRI\u0027s 2022 Annual Report provides an overview of our accomplishments, research investments and outreach programs. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-02-14 13:31:04","changed_gmt":"2023-02-14 13:32:02","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-02-14T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2023-02-14T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"665773":{"id":"665773","type":"image","title":"GTRI FY22 Digital Annual Report","body":null,"created":"1676381195","gmt_created":"2023-02-14 13:26:35","changed":"1676381195","gmt_changed":"2023-02-14 13:26:35","alt":"","file":{"fid":"251776","name":"FY22 AR.PNG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/FY22%20AR.PNG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/FY22%20AR.PNG","mime":"image\/png","size":1173529,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/FY22%20AR.PNG?itok=uw2u00Nr"}}},"media_ids":["665773"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"42911","name":"Education"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"192130","name":"GTRI annual report"},{"id":"192131","name":"FY22"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"},{"id":"171151","name":"State of Georgia"},{"id":"11426","name":"Georgia Economy"},{"id":"192132","name":"improving human condition"},{"id":"192133","name":"developing technology leaders"},{"id":"3532","name":"impact"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"665772":{"#nid":"665772","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Marine Corps Contract Will Support Logistics, Broad Range of Research ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA $51 million, five-year contract awarded from the U.S. Marine Corps Logistics Command (MARCORLOGCOM) will expand Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s support to Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany in Southwest Georgia and open new opportunities for research to support U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) missions across a broad range of logistics, innovation, supply chain, and applied engineering issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThrough the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/isye.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EH. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E, and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.scl.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESupply Chain and Logistics Institute\u003C\/a\u003E, Georgia Tech has been providing research and training support to personnel at the base, which supports the USMC mission worldwide. Activities under the new contract will be managed through the Albany installation, which has approximately 3,000 civilian staff and slightly more than 400 military personnel, making it one of the largest employers in Southwest Georgia.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new Information Analysis Center Multiple Award Contract (IAC MAC) was competitively awarded through the Department of Defense Information Analysis Center. In all, the task order contract specifies 22 areas where GTRI, Georgia Tech, and partner organizations can support the USMC, and is the largest contract ever awarded to GTRI from the USMC.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This award will continue the applied research efforts that support the analysis, assessment, and integration of technologies and methods to enhance the operations of the Marine Corps logistics, storage, and maintenance capabilities, while also providing potential support to the broader Marine Corps and DoD requirements,\u0026rdquo; said Larry Kimm, manager of \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/location\/gtri-quantico\u0022\u003EGTRI\u0026rsquo;s Quantico Field Office\u003C\/a\u003E and project director for the new contract. \u0026ldquo;This contract builds upon a nearly five-year partnership between Georgia Tech and the U.S. Marine Corps to provide \u0026lsquo;white-hat\u0026rsquo; research and analysis support.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch projects conducted under earlier contracts have included the development and demonstration of robotic platform prototypes for improved ground vehicle autonomous inventory operations, and the development of a software tool that rapidly collates disparate inventory information to simplify tracking procedures. Additionally, ongoing workflow optimization modeling and simulation, and analytical studies of MARCORLOGCOM parts, repair, paint, and back-shop maintenance operations are supporting enhanced efficiency and mission readiness requirements.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s Supply Chain and Logistics Institute provides research and education in the application of scientific principles to optimize the design and integration of supply chain strategy, infrastructure, processes, and technology. It has taught courses to hundreds of civilian employees and military personnel at Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany, providing advanced training and certification in logistics operations and industrial engineering principles.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The Supply Chain and Logistics Institute is pleased to continue engaging with GTRI on Marine Corps Logistics Command\u0026rsquo;s innovation and improvement needs,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.scl.gatech.edu\/users\/timothy-brown\u0022\u003ETimothy Brown\u003C\/a\u003E, managing director of the Institute. \u0026ldquo;We look to continue delivering professional education programs, applied research by our Industrial and Systems Engineering faculty and graduate students, and operations improvement efforts by our affiliate researchers.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGraduate and undergraduate programs at Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s School of Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISyE) have been ranked first in the nation by \u003Cem\u003EU.S. News \u0026amp; World Report\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003Efor more than a quarter century. The school is the largest of its kind in the United States.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to its Georgia Tech collaborators, GTRI has also worked with multiple subcontractors to collaboratively conduct detailed business case analyses and change management support activities to optimize reorganization decisions and processes for MARCORLOGCOM. Georgia Tech has also involved interns from Albany Technical College and Albany State University in serving the organization\u0026rsquo;s needs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to supporting MARCORLOGCOM in Albany, the task order contract will allow GTRI and Georgia Tech to serve the broader needs of the USMC in such areas as automation, airborne networks, command-and-control systems, communications, cybersecurity, data exchange standards, electronic combat, human systems integration, manufacturing optimization, modeling and simulation, secure information systems, software assurance, systems engineering, technology insertion, and technology analysis.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0026rsquo;s connection to Georgia Tech academic colleges and research institutes makes it attractive to organizations interested in promoting innovation and changing organizational approaches. \u0026ldquo;Agencies gain access to the world-class expertise we have at Georgia Tech, both within GTRI and on the academic side,\u0026rdquo; Kimm said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ELocated on Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany, MARCORLOGCOM provides worldwide, integrated logistics, supply chain, and distribution management; depot-level maintenance management; and strategic pre-positioning capability in support of the operating forces and other supported USMC units to maximize their readiness and sustainability and to support enterprise and program-level total life cycle management.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe DoD IAC collects, analyzes, synthesizes, produces, and disseminates scientific and technical information (STI) to DoD and federal government users. IACs support The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (R\u0026amp;E) in carrying out the R\u0026amp;E community\u0026#39;s three strategic guiding imperatives: 1) mitigating new and emerging adversary threats that could degrade U.S. (and allied) capabilities; 2) enabling affordable new or extended capabilities in existing military systems; and 3) developing technology surprise through science and engineering applications to military problems.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A $51 million, five-year contract awarded from the U.S. Marine Corps Logistics Command will expand Georgia Tech\u2019s support to Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany in Southwest Georgia and open new opportunities for research."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-02-14 13:21:14","changed_gmt":"2023-02-14 13:21:14","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-02-14T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2023-02-14T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"665771":{"id":"665771","type":"image","title":"U.S. Marine Corps vehicles ","body":null,"created":"1676380659","gmt_created":"2023-02-14 13:17:39","changed":"1676380659","gmt_changed":"2023-02-14 13:17:39","alt":"","file":{"fid":"251775","name":"220824-M-JW968-2078.jpeg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/220824-M-JW968-2078.jpeg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/220824-M-JW968-2078.jpeg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":404177,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/220824-M-JW968-2078.jpeg?itok=C3qpkzbN"}}},"media_ids":["665771"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"192126","name":"military marines"},{"id":"19141","name":"Marine Corps"},{"id":"192127","name":"MARCORLOGCOM"},{"id":"233","name":"Logistics"},{"id":"192128","name":"contract award"},{"id":"167214","name":"Supply Chain and Logistics Institute"},{"id":"1202","name":"H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering"},{"id":"5901","name":"dod"},{"id":"192129","name":"Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"664541":{"#nid":"664541","#data":{"type":"news","title":"5G and Artificial Intelligence Team Up to Optimize Military Fueling ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EUsing 5G network technology, artificial intelligence (AI), and edge computing resources, a pilot project under development at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island will create an optimized refueling system designed to boost readiness for military aircraft operating there \u0026ndash; and those stopping for fuel on their way to other locations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGetting fuel to military aircraft in a timely manner can be complex and challenging. Fueling operations must anticipate demand and allocate resources to provide quick turnaround while accommodating unexpected air traffic. Located in the state of Washington, Whidbey may be best known as the location where much of the recent movie, \u0026ldquo;Top Gun: Maverick,\u0026rdquo; was filmed, but it\u0026rsquo;s also one of the busiest naval air stations on the West Coast.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe pilot project is supported by the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (R\u0026amp;E) 5G initiatives program and is among the first projects to be funded by that effort.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The goal of this project is to increase the mission readiness of the aircraft,\u0026rdquo; said David Alvord, a senior research engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and principal investigator of the fuel delivery pilot program. \u0026ldquo;We are working with the Navy to increase the reliability of the refueling process, to make sure it\u0026rsquo;s on time, and help keep everybody in the loop \u0026ndash; including the pilots and fuel dispatchers \u0026ndash; so they understand the time frame and when and where everything is happening.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA soon-to-be-built 5G network at Whidbey will be used to connect components of the system, including location tracking and fueling queue information on fuel trucks, computers that analyze planned flight operations, and algorithms designed to optimize the use of fueling resources. The technology will replace a system that relies on walkie-talkie and mobile phone conversations to identify aircraft needs and direct fuel trucks.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Whidbey, through Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, was directed to leverage commercially available 5G networks, technologies, and processes to experiment with how to ensure that U.S. forces will have connectivity uniquely suited to the battle space wherever we deploy. Utilizing AI to assist in optimizing 5G network management to support fueling operations is one of our experiments that utilizes relevant mission use cases that potentially can support real world functionality and military utility,\u0026quot; said Deb Stanislawski, the OUSD (R\u0026amp;E) 5G Accelerate Use Director. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;re going to reduce the likelihood of human errors and misunderstandings to make the system more reliable,\u0026rdquo; Alvord said. \u0026ldquo;That should make the job easier, decrease the risk, and improve the level of performance.\u0026rdquo; Data from two years ago showed many flights operated from Whidbey were affected by delays in refueling operations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new system will provide data to three key groups that must make decisions necessary to keep aircraft flying. Fueling technicians will know which aircraft need service and what their priorities are. Plane captains will know when fuel trucks will be available to service their aircraft so they can be present \u0026ndash; without having to wait on the flight line. Base leadership will know that available resources are being used to keep missions on time.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPlane captains, for instance, will know where they are in the priority for fuel and where the truck carrying their fuel is located. \u0026ldquo;They will know that their request is in the queue and have an estimated delivery time,\u0026rdquo; said Alvord. \u0026ldquo;It will allow them to not only more reliably order the fuel they need, but also put time spent waiting for fuel to better use.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe system will provide base leadership with data and analysis they\u0026rsquo;ve never had before. \u0026ldquo;At the base operations level, they will get insight into top-level analytics that will allow them to make better operational decisions about allocating personnel, equipment, or other resources,\u0026rdquo; Alvord added.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers have experience in military vehicle maintenance issues through their predictive maintenance initiative known as Iterative Reinforced Operational Network for Strategic, Predictive, and Enhanced Analytics for Readiness (IRON SPEAR). Software developed for IRON SPEAR will support the pilot project, Alvord said, including conditioning data from different sources, bringing it together for use by machine learning, and putting the resulting information into a format useful to users.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe AI part of the system will analyze planned flight operations of the aircraft based at Whidbey \u0026ndash; information that is usually available a day in advance. The system will also have information about expected stops by transient aircraft that may be at Whidbey to refuel while on their way to a different location. Based on that data, the system will plan fueling operations and be able to juggle priorities should aircraft operations change.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Those computers are going to be taking all of this new data we\u0026rsquo;ll be acquiring in real time through the 5G system and running that through an AI modeler to understand trends and what the specific needs and requirements will be for future refueling so they can pre-plan and optimize operations,\u0026rdquo; he explained.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Whidbey pilot project is part of a larger initiative within R\u0026amp;E to expand the use of 5G technology throughout the Department of Defense. \u0026ldquo;What 5G brings to this is decreased latency \u0026ndash; the ability to get more data in real-time \u0026ndash; and increased bandwidth, which allows us to get all the data we need,\u0026rdquo; Alvord said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe goal is for the new refueling system to be fully implemented at Whidbey no later than 2024. Plans include expanding the system to other sites. Each site has different conditions and stakeholders that should provide information useful for a still-larger implementation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;re off to the races and getting great feedback,\u0026rdquo; Alvord said. \u0026ldquo;There\u0026rsquo;s a desire to expand not just to other fueling locations, but to apply what we\u0026rsquo;re doing to similar types of operations elsewhere in the DoD where having quick access to large amounts of data and analytics will be useful.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to Alvord, the GTRI team working on this project includes Aimee Williams, Alexis Noel, AnnMarie Spexet, and Jessica LaRocco-Olszewski.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout GTRI\u003C\/strong\u003E: The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, the state, and industry. For more information, please visit\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003Ewww.gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Using 5G network technology, artificial intelligence (AI), and edge computing resources, a pilot project under development at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island will create an optimized refueling system designed to boost readiness for military aircraft. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2023-01-09 19:35:17","changed_gmt":"2023-01-09 19:35:17","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2023-01-09T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2023-01-09T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"664539":{"id":"664539","type":"image","title":"EA-18G Growlers on the ramp at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island","body":null,"created":"1673292079","gmt_created":"2023-01-09 19:21:19","changed":"1673292079","gmt_changed":"2023-01-09 19:21:19","alt":"","file":{"fid":"251443","name":"Growler on ramp with clouds.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Growler%20on%20ramp%20with%20clouds.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Growler%20on%20ramp%20with%20clouds.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":95989,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Growler%20on%20ramp%20with%20clouds.jpg?itok=jS62TSrX"}}},"media_ids":["664539"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"172364","name":"5G"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"2556","name":"artificial intelligence"},{"id":"2835","name":"ai"},{"id":"191854","name":"military fueling"},{"id":"191855","name":"refueling system"},{"id":"191152","name":"military aircraft"},{"id":"3773","name":"navy"},{"id":"191856","name":"Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering"},{"id":"191857","name":"R\u0026E"},{"id":"191858","name":"Whidbey Island"},{"id":"191859","name":"IRON SPEAR"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"662295":{"#nid":"662295","#data":{"type":"news","title":"DARPA Forward Connects Research Agency with Innovators in the Southeast","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/\u0022\u003EDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency\u003C\/a\u003E (DARPA) is coming to Georgia Tech October 25 and 26 to connect with academic and industry innovators with a goal of growing the agency\u0026rsquo;s community of talent and partnerships. The meeting is part of a series of six events called \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/forward.darpa.mil\/\u0022\u003EDARPA Forward\u003C\/a\u003E being held in key U.S. research and development hubs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe meeting supports DARPA\u0026rsquo;s mission to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for U.S. national security. \u0026ldquo;We defend against technological surprise by creating our own,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/staff\/dr-stefanie-tompkins\u0022\u003EStefanie Tompkins\u003C\/a\u003E, DARPA\u0026rsquo;s director. \u0026ldquo;In DARPA\u0026rsquo;s search for transformative solutions, what we worry most about are the ideas we never hear. Ultimately, our goal with DARPA Forward is to reach more ideas, connect with more talent, and generate more surprises.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe DARPA Forward conference in Atlanta will be held at the Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center and will include talks by researchers from Georgia Tech and the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). Several hundred attendees are expected.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;DARPA funds a lot of great researchers from universities and companies across the Southeast, and we are looking forward to meeting more of them,\u0026rdquo; Tompkins added. \u0026ldquo;It\u0026rsquo;s hard to predict what new ideas the confluence of smart people and a unique geographic perspective can bring to national security problems, but we expect them to challenge our thinking and help us create that technological surprise that is core to our mission.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDARPA is perhaps best known for creating the ARPANET, designed as a fault-tolerant computer network that evolved into today\u0026rsquo;s internet. The agency plays a key role in the nation\u0026rsquo;s science and technology ecosystem, which includes government, industry, and academia, Tompkins noted. \u0026ldquo;Collectively, that ecosystem advances technology, usually at a pretty steady pace,\u0026rdquo; she said. \u0026ldquo;DARPA\u0026rsquo;s programs, when successful, disrupt that pace, and provide results that change everyone\u0026rsquo;s understanding of what is possible.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe agency funds teams \u0026ndash; many of them multidisciplinary \u0026ndash; to address its mission-focused goals. \u0026ldquo;Though the roles can differ for any given problem, we typically see the most exploratory research coming from universities, the technical maturation and engineering from industry, and the mission expertise and test and evaluation support from the government,\u0026rdquo; she said. \u0026ldquo;All of those elements can come together in a single DARPA program with the potential to deliver a breakthrough technology for national security.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAt Georgia Tech, DARPA has funded nearly two dozen projects over the past three years. Among them:\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003EA project aimed at demonstrating a hybrid computing system that will combine the advantages of classical computing with those of quantum computing to tackle some of the world\u0026rsquo;s most difficult optimization problems.\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003EResearch into using a matched filter technique \u0026ndash; similar to what is used to analyze signals returned to radar systems \u0026ndash; that uses electrical signals within living cells to predict molecular binding events. The work could have initial applications to the disease cystic fibrosis.\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003EA project aimed at developing a system that would continuously monitor building air for the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 and sound a warning to building occupants if it is detected.\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAmong the speakers is \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/nihrecord.nih.gov\/2022\/10\/14\/wegrzyn-named-first-arpa-h-director\u0022\u003ERenee Wegrzyn\u003C\/a\u003E, the newly-named director of the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/arpa-h\u0022\u003EAdvanced Research Projects Agency for Health\u003C\/a\u003E, also known as ARPA-H. Wegrzyn holds a Ph.D. and bachelor of science degree in applied biology from Georgia Tech and will give a keynote talk on Wednesday, October 26.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESix Georgia Tech researchers are part of the agenda for DARPA Forward in Atlanta. Among them are Georgia Tech College of Engineering faculty members Philip Santangelo, James Dahlman, Gabe Kwong, and Mark Styczynski, who will present on the development of mRNA encoded antibody and CRISPR-based therapies for treating and preventing viral infections and low-cost approaches to ultrasensitive pathogen detection.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) Principal Research Engineer Dana Fitzgerald will discuss cognitive electronic warfare (EW), a research area producing autonomous adaptive EW systems with behaviors, processing, and emissions that optimize operation in the presence of novel electromagnetic emissions. Ronald Arkin, professor and director of the Mobile Robot Laboratory in the Georgia Tech College of Computing, will discuss the ethical, legal, and societal implications of decision-making for autonomous systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe keynote address on Tuesday, October 25, will be given by \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.defense.gov\/About\/Biographies\/Biography\/Article\/2729059\/heidi-shyu\/\u0022\u003EHeidi Shyu\u003C\/a\u003E, Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, U.S. Department of Defense.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDARPA Forward events have already been held at Colorado State University and the University of Washington, and will also take place in early October at The Ohio State University, in November at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, and in December at the University of California at San Diego.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;For each of the DARPA Forward events, we\u0026rsquo;ve crafted agendas that are meant to give our audience a taste of DARPA \u0026ndash; the technical conversations and arguments and challenging of assumptions that we are immersed in every day,\u0026rdquo; Tompkins said. \u0026ldquo;Since we spend a lot of time at the intersections of technical communities, we\u0026rsquo;ve encouraged people to stick around for talks or panels outside their areas of expertise to see whether it ignites some new idea or approach. This seems to have worked well at the first two events, and we are looking forward to even more energy and more new ideas in Atlanta.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on DARPA Forward, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/forward.darpa.mil\/\u0022\u003Eforward.darpa.mil\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout GTRI\u003C\/strong\u003E: The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, the state, and industry. For more information, please visit\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003Ewww.gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is coming to Georgia Tech October 25 and 26 to connect with academic and industry innovators with a goal of growing the agency\u2019s community of talent and partnerships."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-10-19 00:10:23","changed_gmt":"2022-10-19 00:10:23","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-10-18T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-10-18T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"662294":{"id":"662294","type":"image","title":"DARPA Event Being Held at the Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center","body":null,"created":"1666138025","gmt_created":"2022-10-19 00:07:05","changed":"1666138025","gmt_changed":"2022-10-19 00:07:05","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250830","name":"georgia tech hotel.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/georgia%20tech%20hotel.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/georgia%20tech%20hotel.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":692707,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/georgia%20tech%20hotel.jpg?itok=5Vf9AaXb"}}},"media_ids":["662294"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"14242","name":"DARPA Forward"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"660659":{"#nid":"660659","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Physicists Uncover New Dynamical Framework for Turbulence","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETurbulence plays a key role in our daily lives, making for bumpy plane rides, affecting weather and climate, limiting the fuel efficiency of the cars we drive, and impacting clean energy technologies. Yet, scientists and engineers have puzzled at ways to predict and alter turbulent fluid flows, and it has long remained one of the most challenging problems in science and engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ENow, physicists from the Georgia Institute of Technology have demonstrated \u0026mdash; numerically and experimentally \u0026mdash; that turbulence can be understood and quantified with the help of a relatively small set of special solutions to the governing equations of fluid dynamics that can be precomputed for a particular geometry, once and for all.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;For nearly a century, turbulence has been described statistically as a random process,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/physics.gatech.edu\/user\/roman-grigoriev\u0022\u003ERoman Grigoriev\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026ldquo;Our results provide the first experimental illustration that, on suitably short time scales, the dynamics of turbulence is deterministic \u0026mdash; and connects it to the underlying deterministic governing equations.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe findings were \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2120665119\u0022\u003Epublished\u003C\/a\u003E in \u003Cem\u003EProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences \u003C\/em\u003Eon August 19, 2022. The team of researchers was led by Grigoriev and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/physics.gatech.edu\/user\/michael-schatz\u0022\u003EMichael Schatz\u003C\/a\u003E, professors in the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/physics.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Physics\u003C\/a\u003E at \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/research.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech\u003C\/a\u003E who have collaborated on various research projects over the past two decades.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESchatz and Grigoriev were joined in the study by School of Physics graduate students Chris Crowley, Joshua Pughe-Sanford, and Wesley Toler, along with Michael Krygier, a postdoctoral scientist at Sandia National Laboratories, who developed the study\u0026rsquo;s numerical solvers as a graduate student at Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA New \u0026#39;Roadmap\u0026#39; for Turbulence Research\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EQuantitatively predicting the evolution of turbulent flows \u0026mdash; and, in fact, almost any of their properties \u0026mdash; is rather difficult. \u0026ldquo;Numerical simulation is the only reliable existing prediction approach,\u0026rdquo; Grigoriev said. \u0026ldquo;But it can be awfully expensive. The goal of our research was to make prediction less costly.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers created a new \u0026ldquo;roadmap\u0026rdquo; of turbulence by looking at a weak turbulent flow that was confined between two independently rotating cylinders \u0026mdash; giving the team a unique way to compare experimental observations with numerically computed flows, due to the absence of \u0026ldquo;end effects\u0026rdquo; that are present in more familiar geometries, such as flow down a pipe.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Turbulence can be thought of as a car following a sequence of roads,\u0026rdquo; said Grigoriev. \u0026ldquo;Perhaps an even better analogy is a train, which not only follows a railway on a prescribed timetable but also has the same shape as the railway it is following.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe experiment featured transparent walls to allow full visual access, and it used a state-of-the-art flow visualization to allow the researchers to reconstruct the flow by tracking the motion of millions of suspended fluorescent particles. In parallel, advanced numerical methods were used to compute recurrent solutions of the partial differential equation (Navier-Stokes equation), governing fluid flows under conditions exactly matching experiment.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is well-known that turbulent fluid flows exhibit a repertoire of patterns \u0026mdash; referred to as \u0026#39;coherent structures\u0026#39; in the field \u0026mdash; that have a well-defined spatial profile but appear and disappear in an apparently random manner. By analyzing their experimental and numerical data, the researchers discovered that these flow patterns and their evolution resemble those described by the special solutions they computed. These special solutions are both recurrent and unstable, meaning they describe repeating flow patterns over short intervals of time. Turbulence tracks one such solution after another, which explains what patterns can appear, and in what order.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERecurrent Solutions, Two Frequencies\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;All the recurrent solutions that we found in this geometry turned out to be quasi-periodic \u0026mdash; that is, characterized by two different frequencies,\u0026rdquo; said Grigoriev. One frequency described the overall rotation of the flow pattern around the axis of symmetry of the flow, while the other described the changes in the shape of the flow pattern in a reference frame co-rotating with the pattern. The corresponding flows repeat periodically in these co-rotating frames.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We then compared turbulent flows in experiment and direct numerical simulations with these recurrent solutions and found turbulence to closely follow (track) one recurrent solution after another, for as long as turbulent flow persisted,\u0026rdquo; Grigoriev said. \u0026ldquo;Such qualitative behaviors were predicted for low-dimensional chaotic systems, such as the famous Lorenz model, derived six decades ago as a greatly simplified model of the atmosphere.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe work represents the first experimental observation of chaotic motion tracking recurrent solutions actually observed in turbulent flows. \u0026ldquo;The dynamics of turbulent flows are, of course, far more complicated due to the quasi-periodic nature of recurrent solutions,\u0026rdquo; Grigoriev added.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Using this method, we conclusively showed that the organization of turbulence in both space and time is well captured by these structures,\u0026rdquo; the researchers said. \u0026ldquo;These results lay the foundation for representing turbulence in terms of coherent structures and leveraging their persistence in time to overcome the devastating effects of chaos on our ability to predict, control, and engineer fluid flows.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA New Dynamical Foundation for 3D Fluid Flows\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThese findings most immediately impact the community of physicists, mathematicians, and engineers who are still trying to understand fluid turbulence, which remains \u0026ldquo;perhaps the greatest unsolved problem in all of science,\u0026rdquo; Grigoriev said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This work builds and expands on previous work on fluid turbulence by the same group, some of which was \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/news.gatech.edu\/news\/2017\/03\/15\/butterflys-wing-tornado-predicting-turbulence\u0022\u003Ereported at Georgia Tech in 2017\u003C\/a\u003E,\u0026rdquo; he added. \u0026ldquo;Unlike the work discussed in that publication, which focused on idealized two-dimensional fluid flows, present research addresses the practically important and more complicated three-dimensional flows.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EUltimately, the team\u0026rsquo;s study lays a mathematical foundation for fluid turbulence which is dynamical, rather than statistical, in nature \u0026mdash; and hence has the capability to make quantitative predictions, which are crucial for a variety of applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;It can give us the ability to dramatically improve the accuracy of weather forecasts and, most notably, enable prediction of extreme events such as hurricanes and tornadoes,\u0026rdquo; said Grigoriev. \u0026ldquo;Dynamical framework is also essential for our ability to engineer flows with desired properties, for instance, reduced drag around vehicles to improve fuel efficiency, or enhanced mass transport to help remove more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the emerging direct air capture industry.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFunding and acknowledgements:\u003C\/strong\u003E The researchers thank Marc Avila for sharing his Taylor\u0026ndash;Couette flow code, and gratefully acknowledge financial support by Army Research Office under Grants W911NF-15-1-0471 and W911NF-16-10281 and by NSF under Grant CMMI-1725587.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECitation and Video:\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2120665119\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2120665119\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout Georgia Tech\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E, or Georgia Tech, is a top 10 public research university developing leaders who advance technology and improve the human condition. The Institute offers business, computing, design, engineering, liberal arts, and sciences degrees. Its nearly 44,000 students representing 50 states and 149 countries, study at the main campus in Atlanta, at campuses in France and China, and through distance and online learning. As a leading technological university, Georgia Tech is an engine of economic development for Georgia, the Southeast, and the nation, conducting more than $1 billion in research annually for government, industry, and society.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EPhysicists at Georgia Tech have proven \u0026mdash; numerically and experimentally \u0026mdash; that turbulence in fluid flows can be understood and quantified with the help of a small set of special solutions that can be precomputed for a particular geometry, once and for all. The findings reveal a new, dynamical framework for turbulence, with a wide range of applications, from more accurate weather forecasts to improving the fuel efficiency of cars and airplanes.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech physicists have proven \u2014 numerically and experimentally \u2014 that turbulence in fluid flows can be understood and quantified with the help of a small set of special solutions that can be precomputed for a particular geometry, once and for all."}],"uid":"34528","created_gmt":"2022-08-29 19:14:07","changed_gmt":"2022-08-29 19:52:36","author":"jhunt7","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-08-29T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-08-29T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"660664":{"id":"660664","type":"image","title":"The researchers\u0027 experiment featured transparent walls to allow full visual access, and used a state-of-the-art flow visualization. (Photo: Michael Schatz)","body":null,"created":"1661801565","gmt_created":"2022-08-29 19:32:45","changed":"1661801565","gmt_changed":"2022-08-29 19:32:45","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250314","name":"2022 08 29 IMG_20200307_135805[64].jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20IMG_20200307_135805%5B64%5D.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20IMG_20200307_135805%5B64%5D.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":942317,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20IMG_20200307_135805%5B64%5D.jpg?itok=M8W82sXi"}},"660666":{"id":"660666","type":"image","title":"The setup allowed the researchers to reconstruct the flow by tracking the motion of millions of suspended fluorescent particles. (Photo: Michael Schatz)","body":null,"created":"1661801652","gmt_created":"2022-08-29 19:34:12","changed":"1661801652","gmt_changed":"2022-08-29 19:34:12","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250315","name":"2022 08 29 ParticlesSetup[2].jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20ParticlesSetup%5B2%5D.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20ParticlesSetup%5B2%5D.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":996662,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20ParticlesSetup%5B2%5D.jpg?itok=Ktl2XmSm"}},"660667":{"id":"660667","type":"image","title":"A schematic of the physicists\u0027 research. ","body":null,"created":"1661801733","gmt_created":"2022-08-29 19:35:33","changed":"1661801733","gmt_changed":"2022-08-29 19:35:33","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250316","name":"2022 08 29 TCF_exp_schematic[67].png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20TCF_exp_schematic%5B67%5D.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20TCF_exp_schematic%5B67%5D.png","mime":"image\/png","size":362217,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/2022%2008%2029%20TCF_exp_schematic%5B67%5D.png?itok=4WEYNmtP"}},"660668":{"id":"660668","type":"image","title":"Roman Grigoriev (left) and Michael Schatz.","body":null,"created":"1661802244","gmt_created":"2022-08-29 19:44:04","changed":"1661802244","gmt_changed":"2022-08-29 19:44:04","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250317","name":"Grigoriev and Schatz.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Grigoriev%20and%20Schatz.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Grigoriev%20and%20Schatz.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1028417,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Grigoriev%20and%20Schatz.jpg?itok=5PRsuMCb"}}},"media_ids":["660664","660666","660667","660668"],"groups":[{"id":"1278","name":"College of Sciences"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"},{"id":"126011","name":"School of Physics"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"166937","name":"School of Physics"},{"id":"1255","name":"turbulence"},{"id":"191183","name":"recurrent solutions"},{"id":"191184","name":"coherent structures"},{"id":"191185","name":"turbulent solutions"},{"id":"170035","name":"Roman Grigoriev"},{"id":"40211","name":"Michael Schatz"},{"id":"960","name":"physics"},{"id":"2584","name":"fluid dynamics"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39531","name":"Energy and Sustainable Infrastructure"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"},{"id":"39541","name":"Systems"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter and Media Contact: \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jess.hunt@cos.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EJess Hunt-Ralston\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nDirector of Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nCollege of Sciences at Georgia Tech\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEditor: \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:georgia.parmelee@gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Robert Parmelee\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nDirector of Research Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jess@cos.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"660527":{"#nid":"660527","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Quick Reference Handbook Helps Crews Diagnose In-Flight Emergencies","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn-flight emergencies occur infrequently on military aircraft, but when they do happen, flight crews must be able to quickly diagnose the problem and determine what action to take.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAn electronic Quick Reference Handbook (QRH) could soon give crews of KC-135 Stratotankers an app-based resource to help them quickly diagnose problems and identify solutions using electronic checklists. The software runs on tablet computers and uses a crew-centric human factors approach with an interface similar to the search engines already widely used by consumers.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDeveloped by researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) in collaboration with the Air National Guard (ANG), the QRH has been released for training among ANG KC-135 crews, part of an evaluation that will lead to a planned release for operational use in the aircraft \u0026ndash; and potential wider applications. The work has been supported by the U.S. Air Force\u0026rsquo;s Air Mobility Command, the Aircraft Systems Special Programs Office, and the ANG.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProviding Searchable Information as Needed\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The overarching goal of the electronic checklist is to provide quick, actionable steps for the crew to maintain aircraft control, identify and rectify the non-normal situation if possible, and provide guidance on how to configure the aircraft for landing if necessary,\u0026rdquo; wrote the authors of a recent paper about the project. \u0026ldquo;The new format follows the streamlined, quick-response handbook format and presents only relevant information to crews as they need it. The checklists are searchable, reliable, and provide consistent information to the crews.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBefore the creation of the QRH, crews had to consult a more than 300-page section of a paper-based flight manual to identify and apply the correct emergency procedure for a problem an aircraft was experiencing in flight. The original paper documentation was written from an engineering perspective and often focused on the root technical causes of the problem rather than the symptoms the crew was dealing with. Because it included revisions from 60 years of updates to the aircraft, the manual could be difficult to use in emergencies.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBuilding on a Need Identified by Air Crews\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2011, Lt. Col. Matt Boyle, a KC-135 pilot with the Ohio Air National Guard, began the process of adapting the paper emergency procedures to an electronic format that would utilize modern search technology. Building on his work, which grew out of a safety study, GTRI researchers became involved through the Advanced Airlift Tactics Training Center (AATTC) in St. Joseph, Mo. GTRI expanded the size of the team working on the project, and brought in human-factors experts to help apply knowledge of how aircrews deal with emergencies and search for information.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We worked with KC-135 subject matter experts, and they helped us understand what should be done,\u0026rdquo; said Cara Bailey Fausset, a GTRI senior research scientist who\u0026rsquo;s studied how humans interact with technology. \u0026ldquo;We applied human factors principles on how people learn and behave, and how to communicate with them.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EElectronic Searching Identifies the Right Checklist\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe result is a new tablet-based system that allows aircrews to search emergency procedures by the problem they are observing as well as by the root cause \u0026ndash; if it is known. For instance, what to do in case of an \u0026ldquo;engine failure\u0026rdquo; can be identified by searching for that term, or by searching for \u0026ldquo;compressor stall,\u0026rdquo; which may be the technical cause. Both search terms lead to the same checklist that crews can use to address the problem. The QRH also explains the meaning behind indicator lights, messages, and alerts that crews may receive from aircraft systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We know who our users are, and they are pilots and boom operators,\u0026rdquo; said Fausset. \u0026ldquo;We needed the manual and procedures to be delivered in their language and the way they would think and talk about a problem, organized in a way that would be useful to them.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EConsolidating Emergency Procedures for Quicker Results\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile building the new app, GTRI worked with Boyle and other KC-135 subject matter experts to reorganize and consolidate what had been 351 sometimes redundant emergency procedures down to just 175. They created a question-and-answer format to help the aircrew confirm that they had selected the correct emergency procedure. Reducing the number of procedures helps the aircrew find the cause and solution more quickly using the QRH search bar.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We tried to make this useful for both experienced crew members and for newer crew members,\u0026rdquo; Fausset said. \u0026ldquo;A crew member shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have to work harder than necessary in a stressful situation. The information is in the original flight manual, but it can be hard to find quickly.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDescribing How In-flight Emergencies Affect Flight\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond identifying the cause of the problem and potential solutions, the QRH describes how the aircraft might behave differently with whatever technical issue caused the non-normal situation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;If you lose a hydraulic system or an electrical system, that changes the operational limits for the aircraft,\u0026rdquo; explained Bayne Meeks, a GTRI principal research engineer who has flown military transport aircraft as well as commercial Boeing 737s. \u0026ldquo;The system can remind the crew how these will affect the aircraft upon landing or approach. It may mean that they don\u0026rsquo;t have normal braking or the use of spoilers, all factors that must be accounted for while preparing for landing.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter developing the app based on consolidated emergency procedures, new checklists, and new titles, the human factors researchers also rewrote the emergency procedures section of the paper flight manual to make the two formats consistent.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;You can read the information that supports what you are doing,\u0026rdquo; said Meeks. \u0026ldquo;Having that information available continues to build the knowledge base.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EQRH in Evaluation to Prepare for Adoption\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe QRH was designed to operate on the Apple iPad, but could also be ported to Android-based tablets in the future. After initial deployment across the KC-135 fleet, the QRH team plans to modify the QRH software so that it can be more easily updated by the military\u0026rsquo;s software maintenance system via a dev\/sec\/ops environment. The team has been awarded a GTRI Independent Research and Development task to complete this work. Meeks and Fausset hope the format will be used on other aircraft.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We could take the C-130 and C-17 procedures and populate the same framework,\u0026rdquo; said Meeks. \u0026ldquo;We also want to continue supporting software sustainment and adding new functionality and features for the government.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe KC-135 is used by the Air National Guard and the U.S. Air Force for aerial refueling of other aircraft. It is flown by a crew that consists of a pilot; co-pilot; and boom operator, who directs the refueling operations. The four-engine tanker is based on the airframe of the Boeing 707, so most of the KC-135s are over 60 years old.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The aircraft has been updated over time, and now has new avionics and other systems,\u0026rdquo; Fausset noted. \u0026ldquo;This project will help keep the emergency procedure information up-to-date to ensure continued safe and efficient operation of the KC-135.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, a talented and dedicated project team with its roots beginning in April 2014 is at the heart of this effort. Additional GTRI researchers and students include Elizabeth Weldon, Latrice Williams, Cody Fernandez, Noah Chong, Neil Bhadslave, Ishaan Guha, Jim Dudgeon, Buddy Ray, Ben Burkett, Chandler Price, Regina Willen, Chris Hale, Courtney Crooks, Stuart Michelson, Emily Brooks, and Marcia Crosland. Additional KC-135 subject matter experts include Kevin Cartwright, Mark Robinson, Alex Bruzzano, and Joe Bosch.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (John.Toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout GTRI\u003C\/strong\u003E: The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, the state, and industry. For more information, please visit\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003Ewww.gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"An electronic Quick Reference Handbook (QRH) could soon give crews of KC-135 Stratotankers an app-based resource to help them quickly diagnose problems and identify solutions using electronic checklists."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-08-25 05:25:46","changed_gmt":"2022-08-25 05:25:46","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-08-25T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-08-25T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"660526":{"id":"660526","type":"image","title":"KC-135 Stratotanker of the Iowa National Guard","body":null,"created":"1661404777","gmt_created":"2022-08-25 05:19:37","changed":"1661404777","gmt_changed":"2022-08-25 05:19:37","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250289","name":"6138693 (1).jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/6138693%20%281%29.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/6138693%20%281%29.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":511541,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/6138693%20%281%29.jpg?itok=aWeVsSv4"}}},"media_ids":["660526"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"191152","name":"military aircraft"},{"id":"191153","name":"in-flight emergencies"},{"id":"191154","name":"QRH"},{"id":"191155","name":"Quick Reference Handbook"},{"id":"76471","name":"Air National Guard"},{"id":"191156","name":"ANG"},{"id":"191157","name":"ANG KC-135"},{"id":"191158","name":"protecting warfighters"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"660369":{"#nid":"660369","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Helps Develop Wearable Sensor System to Prevent Heat Injuries Among Soldiers ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ENo matter the season, ensuring that soldiers remain safe during training exercises is important.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is collaborating with the U.S. Army in the development of its Health Readiness and Performance System (HRAPS), which is a wearable sensor system that provides real-time monitoring of the physiological and geolocation data of soldiers during high-intensity training exercises.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is providing engineering support for the project, which includes the development of a network system comprised of cloud-based storage and a modular local network that allows for the transport and visualization of real-time data about soldiers over long distances. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Soldiers participate in very strenuous training exercises, including marches and runs that are tens of miles long,\u0026quot; said Alessio Medda, a GTRI principal research engineer who is co-leading the project. \u0026quot;When soldiers push themselves that hard, their core internal temperature can increase to a point where their body cannot dissipate heat anymore, which could lead to a spectrum of heat injuries that can be fatal. The goal of this project is to try to predict these injuries before they happen so that we can save lives.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EHeat injuries in soldiers can range from dehydration and heat cramps to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses too much water and salt, typically through sweating. If not treated, heat exhaustion can rapidly advance to heat stroke. A heat stroke is characterized by a rapid increase of the internal body temperature and the inability of the body to cool itself down, a condition that can cause rapid organ failure and eventually death.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2021, there were close to 500 incident cases of heat stroke and nearly 2,000 incident cases of heat exhaustion among active component service members of the U.S. Armed Forces, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/health.mil\/News\/Articles\/2022\/04\/01\/Update-Ht-MSMR\u0022\u003Eaccording\u003C\/a\u003E to the Military Health System (MHS).\u0026nbsp; There are on average two to three heat-related soldier deaths each year, per the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/phc.amedd.army.mil\/PHC%20Resource%20Library\/disease-epi-heat-illness-factsheet.pdf\u0022\u003EU.S. Army Public Health Center\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe device that GTRI is supporting is called the Heat Injury Prevention System (HIPS). HIPS looks like a standard heart rate monitor with a chest strap, but in addition to measuring heart rate, it also keeps track of a soldier\u0026#39;s skin temperature and movements, and also runs a series of sophisticated algorithms.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe HIPS device has been developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u0026#39;s Lincoln Laboratory in collaboration with the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/usariem.health.mil\/\u0022\u003EU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM)\u003C\/a\u003E and is manufactured by \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.odic.com\/\u0022\u003EOdic\u003C\/a\u003E, an engineering research and development company. HIPS utilizes an algorithm developed by Mark Buller, a principal investigator in USARIEM\u0026#39;s Thermal \u0026amp; Mountain Medicine Division, that estimates a soldier\u0026#39;s core internal temperature using sequential heart rate measurements.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETo support this device, GTRI has developed a local network system that captures real-time data from the HIPS sensor and sends that data over an LTE network \u0026ndash; a wireless broadband communication standard most commonly used in connection with 4G networks \u0026ndash; to a cloud server that can be monitored by a command and control center. The local network system can also share data with unit commanders and others who are within close proximity to the soldiers. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe local network system includes a mesh network with network nodes equipped with long-range (LoRa) radios for node-to-node communication when LTE is not available. This system is flexible and can be configured to produce a mesh network that overcomes geographical obstacles and can be scaled with the number of subjects and nodes.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;In many of these training locations, connectivity is usually very poor,\u0026quot; said Kevin Berman, a GTRI research engineer who is supporting the project. \u0026quot;Getting the data from those remote locations to the server is a challenge, and then making sure that the data that\u0026#39;s coming in is correct is also difficult.\u0026quot;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBerman explained that if too much time passes between when the sensor captures the data and the data reaches the server, an overheated soldier may not receive life-saving care in time.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBut GTRI\u0026#39;s LoRa network could help address that challenge.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Imagine mile markers at a road race; our LoRa network serves a similar purpose,\u0026quot; said Brian King, a GTRI senior research engineer who is co-leading the project. \u0026quot;Troops can place these nodes every quarter mile or so, and when a soldier walks or runs past them, our system grabs the vitals recorded from the sensor and sends it to a display in another location.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to helping command centers take a more proactive approach toward protecting the health and safety of soldiers, researchers could utilize GTRI\u0026#39;s system to conduct analyses on data from past events to fine-tune the system even more.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe work has been supported by \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/usammda.health.mil\/\u0022\u003EU.S. Army Medical Material Development Activity (USAMMDA)\u003C\/a\u003E and is currently being evaluated at various military posts across the country.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nPhotos: Christopher Moore\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is collaborating with the U.S. Army to develop a Health Readiness and Performance System (HRAPS), a wearable sensor system that provides real-time monitoring of soldiers during high-intensity training exercises. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-08-22 13:53:56","changed_gmt":"2022-08-22 13:53:56","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-08-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-08-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"660368":{"id":"660368","type":"image","title":"GTRI HIPS devices","body":null,"created":"1661176091","gmt_created":"2022-08-22 13:48:11","changed":"1661176091","gmt_changed":"2022-08-22 13:48:11","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250249","name":"HRAPS Soldier_H3A1592.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/HRAPS%20Soldier_H3A1592.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/HRAPS%20Soldier_H3A1592.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":358207,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/HRAPS%20Soldier_H3A1592.JPG?itok=9naPZGbR"}},"660366":{"id":"660366","type":"image","title":"GTRI HRAS Co-leads Brian King and Alessio Medda","body":null,"created":"1661173242","gmt_created":"2022-08-22 13:00:42","changed":"1661173242","gmt_changed":"2022-08-22 13:00:42","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250248","name":"HRAPS Soldier_H3A1558.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/HRAPS%20Soldier_H3A1558.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/HRAPS%20Soldier_H3A1558.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":417284,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/HRAPS%20Soldier_H3A1558.JPG?itok=AKmtORJZ"}}},"media_ids":["660368","660366"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"191109","name":"HRAPS"},{"id":"170727","name":"soldiers"},{"id":"191110","name":"Health Readiness and Performance System"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"12266","name":"U.S. Army"},{"id":"191111","name":"wearable sensor"},{"id":"185848","name":"military training"},{"id":"191112","name":"HIPS"},{"id":"191113","name":"Heat Injury Prevention System"},{"id":"191114","name":"heat injuries"},{"id":"191115","name":"U.S. Army Medical Material Development Activity"},{"id":"191116","name":"USAMMDA"},{"id":"191117","name":"protecting soldiers"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"660365":{"#nid":"660365","#data":{"type":"news","title":"PNT Chain Technique Could Help UAVs Navigate in a GPS-Denied World","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGPS signals are critical to military navigation, particularly for small and inexpensive autonomous UAVs where size, weight, and power (SWaP) limitations are critical. But because they rely on low-power radio frequency signals from orbiting satellites, these GPS navigation systems are susceptible to disruption by adversaries.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EConcern about the potential loss of GPS data has led to development of alternative navigation approaches relying on sensor fusion techniques that combine information from sources such as vision systems, radio ranging, lidar, altimeters, measurements of the Earth\u0026rsquo;s magnetic field, and even sightings from celestial objects. These techniques, however, can\u0026rsquo;t provide a simple, direct, and low-cost replacement for GPS, especially on SWaP-limited UAVs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing a collaborative and distributed navigation system that would allow swarms of autonomous UAVs to share position, navigation, and timing (PNT) data in real-time. By blending alternate PNT data and information from different air vehicles \u0026ndash; some of which may have GPS access \u0026ndash; the collaborative system could help a UAV swarm navigate to its destination despite a failure of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKnown as the PNT Chain, this novel technique would enhance established alternative navigation sources should an adversary deprive UAVs of their primary navigation cues. The proof-of-concept technique has been evaluated in simulations and a limited flight test.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;ve developed the core distributed algorithms needed for a collaborative system that could dramatically improve GPS-denied navigation,\u0026rdquo; said Matthew Lashley, a GTRI senior research engineer who leads the project. \u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;ve shown that the algorithms work with real sensor data and we have substantiated the feasibility of using the PNT Chain to help UAVs operate even if the GNSS fails. This could significantly improve the robustness and reliability of UAV teams.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EUAVs that are part of the PNT Chain would share whatever useful information they have with other members of the chain, and the resulting sensor fusion could allow PNT information to be projected over long distances.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESimulated flights across the continental United States and over the open water of the Pacific Ocean suggested that the PNT Chain could reduce navigation errors in GPS-denied areas by more than 100-fold. The simulated Pacific mission used 16 UAVs each equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU), compass, altimeter, monocular camera \u0026ndash; and access to GPS for a portion of the mission. Visual sighting of two small islands contributed to the simulated navigation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The concept of the operation was to have a swarm of UAVs that may extend from a GPS-available region to a GPS-denied region, with ranging radios and the ability to share information,\u0026rdquo; explained Sam Shapero, a GTRI senior research engineer who is also working on the project. \u0026ldquo;By looking at the time-of-flight for signals to travel between UAVs, we can determine the distances between them.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the PNT Chain, nearby air vehicles communicate, but there is no central computing capability. The distributed system can tolerate the loss of vehicles and changes in the original chain structure.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor swarm UAVs, development of alternative PNT systems requires tradeoffs between capability, cost, and weight. \u0026ldquo;UAVs are always constrained by what they can carry,\u0026rdquo; Lashley noted. \u0026ldquo;An advantage for most UAVs is that they are relatively inexpensive, so you can\u0026rsquo;t have a million-dollar PNT system installed on them.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond UAVs, the PNT Chain technique could potentially be used to support GPS-denied navigation needs of ground vehicles, individual warfighters, larger air vehicles, ships and small boats \u0026ndash; and even satellites.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAs part of a three-year project supported by GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Independent Research and Development program, researchers tested their approach by modifying the SCRIMMAGE UAV simulation environment to evaluate the results from a variety of sensor inputs. They also developed a unique, low-cost sensor payload called Alt-PNT for demonstrating the PNT Chain technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Alt-PNT is a low SWaP payload that we mounted under a UAV,\u0026rdquo; explained Shapero. \u0026ldquo;It carries the sensors as well as the computational hardware we need to run the algorithms. We can plug-and-play various sensing modalities with PNT algorithms.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (John.Toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout GTRI\u003C\/strong\u003E: The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, the state, and industry. For more information, please visit \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ewww.gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing a collaborative and distributed navigation system that would allow swarms of autonomous UAVs to share position, navigation, and timing (PNT) data in real-time. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-08-22 12:55:18","changed_gmt":"2022-08-22 12:55:18","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-08-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-08-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"660363":{"id":"660363","type":"image","title":"GTRI UAV to flight test PNT Chain techniques","body":null,"created":"1661172640","gmt_created":"2022-08-22 12:50:40","changed":"1661172640","gmt_changed":"2022-08-22 12:50:40","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250246","name":"uavPicture1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/uavPicture1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/uavPicture1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2224362,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/uavPicture1.jpg?itok=3QCWU7MB"}},"660364":{"id":"660364","type":"image","title":"GTRI\u0027s PNT Chain technique","body":null,"created":"1661172716","gmt_created":"2022-08-22 12:51:56","changed":"1661172716","gmt_changed":"2022-08-22 12:51:56","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250247","name":"iStock-1026580116.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/iStock-1026580116.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/iStock-1026580116.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1015947,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/iStock-1026580116.jpg?itok=UuX0M7ST"}}},"media_ids":["660363","660364"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"7102","name":"GPS"},{"id":"191105","name":"PNT Chain"},{"id":"191106","name":"military navigation"},{"id":"191107","name":"autonomous UAVs"},{"id":"187206","name":"Global Navigation Satellite System"},{"id":"191108","name":"Alt-PNT"},{"id":"7141","name":"IRAD"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"659843":{"#nid":"659843","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Uses AR and Line-of-Sight Calculations to Outsmart the Enemy ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAs adversaries get stealthier on the battlefield, the need for warfighters to remain vigilant against potential attacks\u0026nbsp;and to indicate safe routes for troop movements that minimize exposure to and observation by the enemy are\u0026nbsp;crucial.\u0026nbsp;This would improve response times, operational tempo, and survivability of operational forces.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETo address this challenge, the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is working to increase the situational awareness of troops on the ground through the use of augmented reality (AR) devices and line-of-sight calculations within environments through the use of Unity, a cross-platform game engine developed by Unity Technologies. The project would facilitate improved nonverbal and distance communication between troops about the location of adversaries during operations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe work has been supported by GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Independent Research and Development (IRAD) program and won an IRAD of the Year award in fiscal year 2022.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Let\u0026#39;s say you\u0026#39;re a part of a squad that\u0026#39;s stationed on a rooftop and another squad in your company is stationed elsewhere,\u0026quot; said Emily Strube, a GTRI research scientist who is leading the project. \u0026quot;As the other group radios in to your team, bombs start dropping on their location and you can\u0026#39;t hear them over the radio and they can\u0026#39;t hear you. You observe a group of enemies coming their way, but you don\u0026#39;t want to warn in a way that could alert the adversaries. This is the type of situation our project seeks to address.\u0026quot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe work calculates the line of sight of enemies by using a computer application to draw lines from an enemy\u0026#39;s position(s), connects those lines on a polygon mesh, and then colors the meshes based on the enemy\u0026#39;s visibility.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe visibility representation ranges from black to gray to white. Areas that are black are visible to no enemies, areas that are white are visible to all enemies, and areas that are gray are visible to some number of enemies.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe colors are then displayed using Unity both within a computer application and a HoloLens-based application. HoloLens is a pair of mixed-reality smartglasses developed and manufactured by Microsoft.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;The Microsoft HoloLens is basically just a pair of glasses that project light in front of your eyes so that you can see holograms in the real world,\u0026quot; Strube said.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project utilizes an existing GTRI service called Realtime Intelligence Fusion Service (RIFS), which was built with Unity and has HoloLens functionality. RIFS produces spatial information about a room and then displays that information as meshes that are visible to a command center on a desktop computer.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom there, the project uses a pathfinding algorithm to generate a path for each HoloLens user to a goal point that is least visible to the enemy. Then, a common operating picture of the area is shared among all HoloLens users \u0026ndash; in this case, the warfighters \u0026ndash; as well as a command center. The common operating picture consists of the meshes, the visibility metric displayed on them, the generated paths, and the tagged enemy positions.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Going back to my initial scenario, the troop that\u0026#39;s on the roof can now point out the enemy and tag them so that the troops on the ground can know what\u0026#39;s there before it gets to them,\u0026quot; Strube said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Additionally, lines of sight can be calculated for those enemies and a new path can be generated for those troops on the ground to go from their current position to their goal position in a way that is least visible to the enemy.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe battlefield is just one of many use cases to which this research can be applied.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is also looking to incorporate the work into warehouses, specifically smart warehouses. Similar to smart homes, smart warehouses are enabled with various automated and interconnected technologies. GTRI\u0026#39;s pathfinding algorithm could help workers more easily pick up and drop off packages at drop points within a warehouse and also help people locate components inside warehouses to complete repair orders.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project could also help users locate and maneuver around chemical hazards.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research is currently being incorporated into various programs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nPhotos: Christopher Moore\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is working to increase the situational awareness of troops on the ground through the use of augmented reality (AR) devices and line-of-sight calculations within various environments."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-08-02 12:27:53","changed_gmt":"2022-08-02 12:27:53","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-08-02T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-08-02T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"659842":{"id":"659842","type":"image","title":"GTRI Research Scientist Emily Strube","body":null,"created":"1659443009","gmt_created":"2022-08-02 12:23:29","changed":"1659443009","gmt_changed":"2022-08-02 12:23:29","alt":"","file":{"fid":"250091","name":"2022_0711_Emily Strube IRAD Winner Seeing Through the Enemy\u0027s Eyes_PHOTO_006.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2022_0711_Emily%20Strube%20IRAD%20Winner%20Seeing%20Through%20the%20Enemy%27s%20Eyes_PHOTO_006.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2022_0711_Emily%20Strube%20IRAD%20Winner%20Seeing%20Through%20the%20Enemy%27s%20Eyes_PHOTO_006.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":237007,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/2022_0711_Emily%20Strube%20IRAD%20Winner%20Seeing%20Through%20the%20Enemy%27s%20Eyes_PHOTO_006.jpg?itok=cGvrPyhw"}}},"media_ids":["659842"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"4980","name":"ar"},{"id":"1597","name":"Augmented Reality"},{"id":"7141","name":"IRAD"},{"id":"191004","name":"Unity Technologies"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"191005","name":"Realtime Intelligence Fusion Service"},{"id":"191006","name":"battlefield"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"659467":{"#nid":"659467","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Initiative Evaluates Fidelity of Simulations Used in Training","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EVirtual reality (VR)-based simulation systems have become a crucial training tool across a wide range of mission areas within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Unfortunately, a lack of standardization for defining different levels of simulation fidelity presents a significant challenge for developing, purchasing, and evaluating the effectiveness of these systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA new approach to assessing simulation fidelity being developed by human factors researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) could help address that challenge with both a framework and rating scale that decompose training tasks into specific task elements for categorization across multiple dimensions of simulation fidelity. The standardized approach to quantifying simulation fidelity could facilitate efforts to broadly assess the effectiveness of training programs and support the development of system requirements for future simulation-based training efforts.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The overall aim of this solution is to provide a standardized and repeatable approach to categorizing and defining simulation fidelity that goes beyond arbitrary terms such as \u0026lsquo;low-fidelity\u0026rsquo; or \u0026lsquo;high-fidelity,\u0026rsquo;\u0026rdquo; said Dylan Bush, a GTRI research scientist who is leading the project. \u0026ldquo;Without explicit definitions of different simulation technologies, it is difficult to analyze data from studies evaluating training programs in the aggregate.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research team\u0026rsquo;s work to evaluate the new capability will be described at the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society\u0026rsquo;s (HFES) 66th International Annual Meeting in October. The work has been supported by GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Independent Research and Development program.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESimulator-based training allows warfighters to repeatedly practice potentially dangerous training scenarios with significantly reduced risk, more convenience, and lower cost. But these VR-based simulations are often developed or acquired without a full understanding of the extent to which the tasks being trained are suitable for, or would benefit from, the training program, Bush said. Without objective criteria for evaluating simulation fidelity, it can be difficult to assess the benefits that can be derived from the training \u0026ndash; and the level of realism necessary to create effective simulations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDevelopment of the new approach began with a three-step process that: 1) broke down the simulations into individual tasks; 2) applied principles of cognitive psychology to divide fidelity concepts into perception, cognition, and action components; and 3) developed the Simulation Fidelity (SiFi) scale for evaluating how well the simulation matches real-world components.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project builds on earlier work aimed at objectively evaluating the realism of simulations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;You can\u0026rsquo;t rate the fidelity of a system without looking at it through the context of the tasks that it needs to support,\u0026rdquo; Bush said. \u0026ldquo;While it may seem counterintuitive, fidelity as a construct is really centered on what information and interactions the user needs to complete the task.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI system relies on human evaluators to rate both the physical elements of fidelity: visual, auditory, and tactile, as well as cognitive aspects including human interaction and resulting system behavior. Those tasks are rated on a six-point scale that measures how well each simulation element compares to the real-world task it is attempting to simulate.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ratings range from 0, meaning an element is not present, up to 5, meaning an element is indistinguishable from the real-world form it is attempting to simulate. Ratings for each element are aggregated together to create an overall score.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETo evaluate the Inter-rater Reliability of the scale, or how consistently different raters provide similar ratings to the same element, the researchers enlisted help from two former F-16 pilots from the GTRI research staff who completed a series of flight maneuvers in an F-16 VR simulator. After completing the maneuvers, each rater used the scale to provide ratings to 117 task elements.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe results of the inter-rater reliability analysis indicated a strong degree of reliability (\u003Cem\u003Ek = 0.81), \u003C\/em\u003Ebut also identified areas where improvements could be made in certain components of the scale. Bush and colleague Andrew Braun, also from GTRI, would like to conduct additional research using a larger group of raters, and potentially refining the definitions used in the scale.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;These additional analyses would not only further investigate the reliability of the scale, but would also investigate how well the scale can be generalized across different simulation contexts,\u0026rdquo; the authors wrote in their HFES paper.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond supporting the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of simulations, SiFi could help human factors researchers aggregate evaluations of different studies, allowing them to learn more about the impact of training simulations. Improving standardization could also help DoD purchasing personnel improve the specifications for future simulation projects.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (John.Toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new approach to assessing simulation fidelity being developed by human factors researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) could help address virtual reality (VR)-based simulation systems used within the U.S. Department of Defense."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-07-19 00:18:30","changed_gmt":"2022-07-19 00:18:30","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-07-18T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-07-18T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"659466":{"id":"659466","type":"image","title":"GTRI Research Scientist Dylan Bush","body":null,"created":"1658189029","gmt_created":"2022-07-19 00:03:49","changed":"1658189029","gmt_changed":"2022-07-19 00:03:49","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249958","name":"si-fi-30.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/si-fi-30.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/si-fi-30.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1794157,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/si-fi-30.jpg?itok=KlUHdTWC"}}},"media_ids":["659466"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"145251","name":"virtual reality"},{"id":"148381","name":"vr"},{"id":"167045","name":"simulation"},{"id":"190951","name":"simulation fidality"},{"id":"5901","name":"dod"},{"id":"185848","name":"military training"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"658910":{"#nid":"658910","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Develop Wideband Millimeter Wave Transmit\/Receive Module","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are developing a wideband four-channel millimeter wave transmit-receive (T\/R) module based on silicon-germanium (SiGe) technology that will support active electronically-scanned arrays (AESA) for potential military applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDesigned to operate between 18 GHz and 50 GHz, the module could help address threat systems operating at millimeter wave frequencies and provide to military applications many of the advantages that millimeter wave technology is bringing to commercial applications such as 5G wireless, internet-of-things devices, and radar-based vehicle collision avoidance systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The goal is to demonstrate small size, weight, power, and cost in a wideband millimeter wave T\/R module,\u0026rdquo; said Paul Jo, a Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) research engineer who is leading the project. \u0026ldquo;This would be a major module at the front of the AESA system, right behind the radiator element to process signals.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKnown as Millimeter Wave Active Electronically Scanned Array using Silicon-Germanium Transmit\/Receive Modules (MAESTRO), the project represents a collaboration of GTRI and SiGe specialists in Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E. The use of SiGe helps support the high level of integration necessary for the miniaturization required by the module\u0026rsquo;s high-frequency operation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;When it comes to millimeter wave frequencies, the AESA element lattice is less than one centimeter in size, and at 50 GHz, it\u0026rsquo;s three millimeters, which is very challenging to work with,\u0026rdquo; Jo noted. \u0026ldquo;That forces an extreme level of integration and miniaturization for this T\/R system, which we are addressing through design and fabrication of the small SiGe monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) die.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers recently completed the fabrication and packaging of a core channel T\/R module die, and are designing an evaluation board to demonstrate performance of the module. Also completed is the fabrication of a stand-alone radiator board for wideband and high-frequency applications; that evaluation board also is under test.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWideband AESAs are an enabling technology for current and future military radar and communications systems by providing rapid beam steering, graceful degradation, electronic production, and low probability of intercept. The atmospheric attenuation of radio-frequency (RF) signals at millimeter wave frequencies is much greater than at microwave frequencies. As a result, high-gain directional apertures such as AESAs are required to propagate energy over tactically relevant distances.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the high level of integration, the system presents technical challenges related to manufacturing, packaging, and thermal management. For packaging MAESTRO, the research team is evaluating a Flip-Chip Ball Grid Array (FCBGA) solution to reduce the signal path from the die to the printed circuit board.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEarlier in the four-year project, the research team designed and fabricated single-channel and four-channel T\/R modules and measured the RF performance of a chip-on-board (CoB)-assembled single-channel T\/R module. The measured results confirmed that the designed digital control circuitry works for both Tx and Rx modes \u0026ndash; attenuation and true-time delay \u0026ndash; and that the time delay was consistent across the target bandwidth.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe MAESTRO program is a collaboration between GTRI and the research team of \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/john-d-cressler\u0022\u003EJohn Cressler\u003C\/a\u003E, a Regents Professor at the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Cressler\u0026rsquo;s team specializes in SiGe for heterojunction bipolar devices designed to provide high-frequency performance in mixed-signal circuit and analog circuit ICs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Silicon is a standard technology that industry is using to integrate very complicated systems,\u0026rdquo; Jo noted. \u0026ldquo;Since we needed to integrate the whole T\/R module system into a very small lattice spacing, we decided to use SiGe to integrate all the discrete components.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring testing of the T\/R module, the researchers realized that the receive mode of their system could operate at even lower frequencies \u0026ndash; down to 5 GHz \u0026ndash; giving it an operating range of 5 GHz to 50 GHz. Efforts are underway to expand the range of the transmit mode to accommodate a similarly wider frequency band.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe MAESTRO project is part of a GTRI initiative to use SiGe semiconductor technology for a variety of RF applications. The SiGe Multifunction IC for Radio Frequency (SMIRF) program is developing a wideband, multichannel, reconfigurable radio frequency transceiver integrated circuit using the SiGe technology. The goal is to enable element-level digital beamforming of an AESA for RF-converged multifunction systems to support concurrent operating modes such as radar, communications, electronic warfare, positioning, and signals intelligence (SIGINT).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMAESTRO has been supported by GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Independent Research and Development program.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (John.Toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are developing a wideband four-channel millimeter wave transmit-receive (T\/R) module for potential military applications."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-06-15 14:54:10","changed_gmt":"2022-07-07 14:27:29","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-06-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-06-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"658908":{"id":"658908","type":"image","title":"GTRI researcher Paul Jo ","body":null,"created":"1655304476","gmt_created":"2022-06-15 14:47:56","changed":"1655304476","gmt_changed":"2022-06-15 14:47:56","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249764","name":"MAESTRO_19.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/MAESTRO_19.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/MAESTRO_19.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":517239,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/MAESTRO_19.jpg?itok=VzcjKKui"}},"658909":{"id":"658909","type":"image","title":"Flip-chip ball grid array (FCBGA) quad-channel T\/R module","body":null,"created":"1655304581","gmt_created":"2022-06-15 14:49:41","changed":"1655304581","gmt_changed":"2022-06-15 14:49:41","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249765","name":"MAESTRO_13.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/MAESTRO_13.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/MAESTRO_13.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":905345,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/MAESTRO_13.jpg?itok=3A0Ap-0H"}}},"media_ids":["658908","658909"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"190803","name":"receive module"},{"id":"190804","name":"Wideband Millimeter Wave Transmit"},{"id":"924","name":"national defense"},{"id":"169398","name":"SiGe"},{"id":"190805","name":"process signals"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"id":"190806","name":"AESA MAESTRO"},{"id":"7141","name":"IRAD"},{"id":"187433","name":"go-ien"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"659259":{"#nid":"659259","#data":{"type":"news","title":"David Picinich\u0027s Career Comes Full Circle with New \u0027Top Gun\u0027 Film","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor GTRI Senior Research Scientist David \u0026quot;Pearl\u0026quot; Picinich, the debut of \u0026quot;Top Gun: Maverick\u0026quot; marks a nostalgic close to an action-packed chapter in his life story.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPicinich, who retired from the U.S. Navy in 2019 as a naval aviator, put his flight skills to use in the long-awaited sequel to the 1986 action drama \u0026quot;Top Gun,\u0026quot; where he scouted out flight scenes for the film crew, and trained and flew with some of the pilots and actors who flew the iconic planes in the movie.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThough Picinich has family members who served in the military \u0026ndash; including uncles who served in the Vietnam War and a brother who is a current naval aviator \u0026ndash; he said the original \u0026quot;Top Gun\u0026quot; film sparked his initial interest in flying for the Navy.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;I\u0026#39;ll never forget it \u0026ndash; I was in the sixth grade when I saw the first \u0026#39;Top Gun,\u0026#39;\u0026quot; Picinich said. \u0026quot;After seeing the movie, I wrote to the Navy expressing my interest in flying, and received an information packet about aviation from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in Maryland.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPicinich went on to attend the U.S. Naval Academy, where he was a member of the offshore sailing team. Picinich said he chose the Naval Academy because he considered it to be \u0026quot;one of the most direct paths to a career in naval aviation.\u0026quot; After graduating from the Naval Academy, Picinich attended flight school in Pensacola, Fla.; Corpus Christi, Texas; and Meridian, Miss. Following flight school, Picinich served as an EA-6B Prowler and EA-18G Growler pilot.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPicinich graduated from the Electronic Attack Weapons School and completed the full F\/A-18E\/F Super Hornet flight training syllabus in preparation for his role as one of the initial cadre in the Airborne Electronic Attack community\u0026rsquo;s transition from the EA-6B to the EA-18G. Picinich joined GTRI in 2020 and currently works in the Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory (SEAL), where he conducts electronic warfare research for the Navy.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPicinich was first approached by the \u0026quot;Top Gun\u0026quot; film crew through official Navy channels in 2018.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;They were looking for mountainous scenes to do low-altitude flying for the mission part of the movie,\u0026quot; Picinich said. \u0026quot;One of the best low-altitude areas in the United States is in the Cascade Mountains near Whidbey Island in Washington where Growlers are flown, so I helped scout out that area for the director and film crew.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPicinich at the time was stationed at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, where he was serving as the Director of Operations for the Electronic Attack Wing, U.S. Pacific Fleet.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe movie follows the return of Tom Cruise\u0026#39;s character, Pete \u0026quot;Maverick\u0026quot; Mitchell, to the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, popularly known as TOPGUN, to train an elite group of F\/A-18E\/F Super Hornet aviators for an urgent mission. The mission is to destroy the uranium enrichment facility of an unnamed rogue nation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile flying on his regular training routes, Picinich attached two GoPro cameras provided by the film crew on the left- and right-hand side of his aircraft canopy. The GoPros recorded the mountainous terrain and Picinich shared the footage with the film\u0026rsquo;s supervising location manager.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;I would basically take cameras on my training route and film,\u0026quot; Picinich explained. \u0026quot;I would film with one GoPro suctioned to the left-hand side of the canopy and one attached to the right-hand side to get as wide of a view as possible. The director and film crew would review the footage and pick out spots for certain movie scenes.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPicinich noted that none of the actors who portrayed the TOPGUN graduates--including Bradley \u0026quot;Rooster\u0026quot; Bradshaw, the son of Mitchell\u0026#39;s late best friend Nick \u0026quot;Goose\u0026quot; Bradshaw--actually piloted the aircraft in the movie. Instead, cameras filmed the actors sitting in the back seat of the planes to give the illusion that they were flying, while professional naval aviators who were experts in low-altitude flying flew in the front seat.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Navy chose pilots who looked as similar as possible to the actors, but also utilized makeup in some scenes, Picinich said. For example, in flight scenes that showed the back of Tom Cruise\u0026#39;s head, Cruise\u0026#39;s pilot wore makeup to match the actor\u0026#39;s hairstyle.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile the majority of the flight scenes in the movie were real, computer-generated imagery (CGI) played an important role. During the final mission, the bridge that the TOPGUN aviators zoomed through on their way to destroy the uranium facility was constructed using CGI, as was the F-14 Tomcat that Mitchell flew at the end of the movie.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKnown for his unorthodox approach to flying, Mitchell famously advises Bradshaw ahead of the final mission: \u0026quot;Don\u0026#39;t think, just do.\u0026quot; In reality, Picinich said flying requires a mix of cognitive thinking and muscle memory.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Flying in real-world missions requires a lot of thinking,\u0026quot; Picinich said. \u0026quot;However, there are certain times in very dynamic situations where it is not so much deliberate cognitive thinking, but more like brainstem-powered thinking. Where if you\u0026rsquo;ve trained and done something multiple times, your thought processes and reactions become more instinctive.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the final mission, the TOPGUN aviators were up against the enemy\u0026#39;s formidable fleet of fifth-generation fighter jets, which appeared to be an outright overmatch for the group\u0026#39;s F\/A-18E\/F Super Hornets.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBut Picinich said better technology does not always guarantee an easy victory.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;A lot of it has to do with the pilot\u0026#39;s skills,\u0026quot; Picinich said. \u0026quot;If you have a really good pilot in an older aircraft, you can beat a newer aircraft.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Top Gun: Maverick\u0026quot; has already surpassed $1 billion at the global box office, making it the top-grossing film of 2022 so far and sparking rumors that a third movie could be in the works. Picinich said he hasn\u0026#39;t heard anything so far to confirm those rumors. More than anything, Picinich hopes the second \u0026quot;Top Gun\u0026quot; will inspire the next generation of naval aviators in the same way that the original film did for him over 30 years ago.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Just as the original \u0026#39;Top Gun\u0026#39; inspired me to pursue a career in aviation, I hope this new movie inspires other young people to do the same,\u0026quot; Picinich said. \u0026quot;I\u0026rsquo;m thrilled to be able to continue to support naval aviation as a member of GTRI, helping to develop advanced capabilities with the same organization that sent me that info packet all those years ago.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ERELATED STORY:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/coe.gatech.edu\/news\/2022\/05\/top-guns-return-sparks-another-adrenaline-rush\u0022\u003ETop Gun\u0026#39;s Return Sparks Another Adrenaline Rush\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech College of Engineering\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:anna.akins@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAnna Akins\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Csup\u003EThe \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"For GTRI Senior Research Scientist David \u0022Pearl\u0022 Picinich, the debut of \u0022Top Gun: Maverick\u0022 marks a nostalgic close to an action-packed chapter in his life story. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-07-06 17:41:24","changed_gmt":"2022-07-06 17:41:24","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-07-06T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-07-06T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"659256":{"id":"659256","type":"image","title":"GTRI\u0027s David Picinich","body":null,"created":"1657123057","gmt_created":"2022-07-06 15:57:37","changed":"1657123057","gmt_changed":"2022-07-06 15:57:37","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249893","name":"top-gun-photos_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/top-gun-photos_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/top-gun-photos_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":618783,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/top-gun-photos_0.jpg?itok=h5jWYhR9"}}},"media_ids":["659256"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"3773","name":"navy"},{"id":"2401","name":"movie"},{"id":"190906","name":"Top Gun"},{"id":"147121","name":"U.S. Navy"},{"id":"1173","name":"aviation"},{"id":"190908","name":"Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory"},{"id":"170879","name":"seal"},{"id":"49461","name":"Electronic Warfare"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"659049":{"#nid":"659049","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Project Improves Cybersecurity of Global Ship-Tracking System","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECybersecurity improvements developed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) in collaboration with the U.S. Navy could soon help bolster protection for the Automated Identification System (AIS), which is used to track and identify commercial and military ships around the world. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAIS uses signals from transponders operating on the ships to help their captains avoid collisions when the vessels are outside of busy ports. Because AIS is based on an open standard developed many years ago, the U.S. Navy\u0026#39;s Battlespace Awareness \u0026amp; Information Operations Program Office (PMW 120) realized the system needed hardening to help address current cybersecurity conditions and expectations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers were initially asked to evaluate potential vulnerabilities of the system, and then to develop an add-on software system, called Bifrost, which works with AIS to filter messages from ships, guard against potentially malicious messaging, and provide critical alerts to ship captains. The Bifrost system has been delivered to the Navy\u0026rsquo;s Battlespace Awareness \u0026amp; Information Operations Program Office, and is now undergoing evaluation \u0026ndash; a step on the way to potential deployment.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The goal of AIS is to avoid collisions, and everyone works together to contribute information about where their ship is and which way they are headed to make sure everyone can predict where they will be,\u0026rdquo; explained Shelby Allen, a GTRI research scientist who led the project. \u0026ldquo;Being able to trust the information being provided is important to ensuring the safety of maritime traffic worldwide. Along with GPS, AIS plays an integral role in how our forces operate across the seas.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EInformation for AIS comes from transponders on each ship that provide such information as the GPS-based location coordinates, heading, and speed. The transponders use a common and open protocol, but equipment errors and other factors can affect the accuracy of what\u0026rsquo;s reported. Bifrost helps filter transponder information coming into Navy ships.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The goal of the application we developed was not to get in the way of the existing system, since it is a critical path for downstream systems,\u0026rdquo; Allen explained. \u0026ldquo;We wanted to look for both accidental issues with the incoming transmissions and the potential for deliberate misuse.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause of the critical nature of the communications, the Bifrost system was designed to extract useful information from ship transmissions even if they don\u0026rsquo;t necessarily meet all the specifications of the protocol.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The majority of what we see that looks like a transmission not abiding by the specifications are accidental formatting issues,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;Filtering this information needs to have a certain amount of tolerance for what can go wrong and still have the messages provide useful information.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBifrost can detect deliberate misinformation, such as location updates that suggest speeds impossible for vessels to attain. \u0026ldquo;Ships can only accelerate and decelerate at certain rates, and there are some examples of egregious misuse of location information,\u0026rdquo; Allen said. \u0026ldquo;One of our goals was to detect messages less likely to be real GPS-based messages.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond cybersecurity hardening, Bifrost enhances how the system handles emergency alerts, which may not receive sufficient visibility in the original AIS interface.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;There are safety-related messages that by protocol should be addressed immediately,\u0026rdquo; Allen said. \u0026ldquo;We worked to make sure that these alerts had the smallest chance of being an annoyance. When someone did need to review the alerts and needed additional information, we made it as easy as possible to do.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause Bifrost was intended to be a working software system with an important safety mission, PMW 120 requested the researchers to carry development further than often happens with research projects. \u0026ldquo;We had to make sure that this was something that could quietly and reliably run for a long time in a performance environment,\u0026rdquo; he explained.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThat reliability and operational testing extended a bit further than Allen originally expected \u0026ndash; to ten days on a U.S. Navy guided-missile destroyer off the coast of California \u0026ndash; and to bunk space reserved for researchers from organizations working on projects that required real-world testing at sea.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;At first, everybody was kind of learning their way around the ship and making sure they weren\u0026rsquo;t in anyone else\u0026rsquo;s way,\u0026rdquo; Allen said. \u0026ldquo;We slept in standard quarters and ate the same food everybody else onboard did. We were in the thick of operations on a Navy ship.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBelow deck, where Bifrost was operating, Allen and GTRI colleague David Myers at first lost track of time.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;One of the things I didn\u0026rsquo;t anticipate ahead of time was how optional it was to be outside,\u0026rdquo; Allen said. \u0026ldquo;When I imagined being on a ship, I imagined a huge deck with people there all the time. That was not true at all. The vast number of people are working beneath the deck, and there are multiple levels. There was a point I realized that it had been 24 hours since I had seen the sun.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers scheduled times to work with the operators of the system, knew when mealtimes were, participated in safety-related exercises, and took advantage of workout facilities \u0026ndash; which required some adaptation to the rolling of the ship in the waves.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;There were beautiful, starry nights with absolutely no light pollution,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;Dolphins were following the ship, just like in documentaries. It was a once-in-a-lifetime experience.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (John.Toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Cybersecurity improvements developed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) in collaboration with the U.S. Navy could soon help bolster protection for commercial and military ships around the world."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-06-23 14:53:03","changed_gmt":"2022-06-23 14:53:03","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-06-23T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-06-23T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"659047":{"id":"659047","type":"image","title":"GTRI Shelby Allen","body":null,"created":"1655995281","gmt_created":"2022-06-23 14:41:21","changed":"1655995281","gmt_changed":"2022-06-23 14:41:21","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249818","name":"shelby-allen-selfie.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/shelby-allen-selfie.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/shelby-allen-selfie.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":801473,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/shelby-allen-selfie.jpg?itok=iZJTBeoB"}}},"media_ids":["659047"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"1404","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"3773","name":"navy"},{"id":"190831","name":"AIS"},{"id":"190832","name":"Automated Identification System"},{"id":"190833","name":"ship-tracking system"},{"id":"190834","name":"PMW 120"},{"id":"190835","name":"Bifrost"},{"id":"7102","name":"GPS"},{"id":"190836","name":"U.S.S. Rafael Peralta"},{"id":"190837","name":"missile destroyer"},{"id":"924","name":"national defense"},{"id":"190838","name":"maritime traffic"},{"id":"190761","name":"maritime"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"658903":{"#nid":"658903","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Virtual Reality System Trains Air Crews to React to Threats","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThreat reaction training of aircrews is a critical factor in protecting aircraft and crews from ground-based missiles and other weapons. To help provide this training, GTRI researchers are working with the 189th Airlift Wing (AW) of the Arkansas National Guard to develop a high-fidelity immersive multi-player simulation of the battle airspace.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 189th Airlift Wing is an active duty organization aligned with Air Mobility Command, and is the center of legacy training in the Air National Guard. Based in Little Rock, Ark., its mission is to provide premier training to and certification of the C-130 community, consisting of pilots, navigators, flight engineers, and loadmasters.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has been performing sponsored research for the 189th AW Innovation Cell led by Lt. Col. Justin Fitzpatrick as the Wing\u0026rsquo;s Innovation Lead. The goal of this research has been to design and develop a system that allows aircrews to repeatedly practice threat responses with a level of realism that simulates as closely as possible what happens in real-world missions. The high level of realism helps convert correct aircrew responses into reflexes bordering on rote learning and memorization.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EDeveloping the Fully Immersive Threat Reaction Environment\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research has led to the development of the Fully Immersive Threat Reaction Environment (FITRE) system with a goal of revolutionizing the way that the crews train. FITRE, at the basic level, is a multi-player video game consisting of four players that takes place in virtual reality. An instructor orchestrates the C-130H training mission and controls the parameters of the game. A pilot is placed into a high-fidelity C-130H virtual cockpit that includes a missile warning system (MWS) simulation and all necessary flight instruments.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA loadmaster is placed on either side of the back of the C-130H and operates a realistic flare dispensing switch. And finally, a shooter is placed on the ground of the mission space and is able to operate a number of weapons, which include shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles and large-caliber anti-aircraft machine guns. The shooter has the ability to easily move around the mission space to obtain the desired vantage point.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA high-fidelity simulation framework provides authoritative threat simulation capabilities that enable the modeling and simulation of the supported weapon systems within FITRE and their kill chains at the engagement and mission levels. FITRE supports both day and night modes. Advantages during night engagements can be realized by the trainees when operating from the shooter\u0026#39;s perspective, while nighttime aircraft flare dispenses noticeably increase exposure of the aircraft to the shooter.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the virtual cockpit, necessary aircraft details improve navigation effectiveness of the pilot while visual and audio declarations identify encountered threats during engagements. All these details help the crew engage with the simulation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Because this type of training is all about the quick reaction to specific stimuli, if the stimuli during training don\u0026rsquo;t resemble the real thing, the crew may feel like they are experiencing this very dangerous situation for the first time. The key is to simulate the cognitive load as accurately as possible,\u0026rdquo; said Izudin Ibrahimbegovic, a GTRI senior research scientist who led the development of the system.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EEvaluating Air Crew Response to the Threats\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause so much happens in very limited time, instructors can have difficulty evaluating how the aircrew responded to the threats. The FITRE system helps with evaluating the participants\u0026rsquo; performance by tracking eye movements, head movements, and flight control inputs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Not only can we can tell them what they should have done during the first seconds of the engagement,\u0026rdquo; said Andrew Braun, the lead systems engineer on the project, \u0026ldquo;but now we can show them exactly how it should be done. We can also focus on assisting in the evaluation of the crew as a whole during these situations.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThreat reaction training is currently done with a much lower-fidelity system that does not include an immersive virtual reality cockpit or alternate views of the training space. Threat reaction training can also take place during flights into test ranges. However, the number of range opportunities is limited and requires significant investments of time and money \u0026ndash; and comes with inherent risks.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EExpansion, Future Enhancements Planned\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESo far, FITRE has been developed only for the C-130H aircraft, which is what the 189th Airlift Wing operates and trains for. However, the system can be adapted for other fixed-wing and rotary-wing platforms to enable crews of those aircraft access to threat reaction training.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers developed the simulation using publicly available terrain data. If the project receives additional funding, plans exist to expand scenery to simulate other geographic locations around the world.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond expanding the number of aircraft and geographic backgrounds, the researchers are also working on connecting systems to allow multiple crews to train together for multi-ship missions.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe simulation runs on commercial-off-the-shelf hardware, including standard headsets and laptop computers. FITRE training can be done in very confined spaces and the system setup can be accomplished in under an hour by a trained team.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIbrahimbegovic and his team have been demonstrating FITRE to interested groups and receive a positive reception every time.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EProject Resulted from Partnerships\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research project also has been supported by the Advanced Airlift Tactics Training Center (AATTC), Air National Guard Air Force Reserve Command Test Center (AATC), ARCWERX (the innovation cell of the Air Force Reserve Command), and the Defense Intelligence Agency.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nPhoto\/Video: Sean McNeil\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Fully Immersive Threat Reaction Environment (FITRE) allows air crews to repeatedly practice threat responses with a level of realism that closely simulates what happens in real-world missions. "}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-06-15 14:16:30","changed_gmt":"2022-06-15 14:17:35","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-06-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-06-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"658901":{"id":"658901","type":"image","title":"GTRI Research Team Working with the 189th Airlift Wing","body":null,"created":"1655302229","gmt_created":"2022-06-15 14:10:29","changed":"1655302229","gmt_changed":"2022-06-15 14:10:29","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249761","name":"FITRE_17-crop_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/FITRE_17-crop_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/FITRE_17-crop_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":893994,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/FITRE_17-crop_0.jpg?itok=Har--aKI"}}},"media_ids":["658901"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"145251","name":"virtual reality"},{"id":"148381","name":"vr"},{"id":"924","name":"national defense"},{"id":"76471","name":"Air National Guard"},{"id":"190796","name":"189th Airlift Wing"},{"id":"190797","name":"FITRE"},{"id":"190798","name":"air crew"},{"id":"190799","name":"threat reaction training"},{"id":"190800","name":"C-130H aircraft"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"658714":{"#nid":"658714","#data":{"type":"news","title":" Georgia Tech and GTRI Offer Military Fellowship ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Military Graduate Research Program (MGRP) provides opportunities for U.S military personnel to conduct Department of Defense (DoD) related part-time research at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) while simultaneously obtaining a graduate degree in a science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM) related master\u0026rsquo;s degree program at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Military personnel perform state-of-the art research as a Military Graduate Research Assistant (MGRA) working along-side full-time GTRI Research Faculty conducting research and solving applied engineering problems on sponsored, real-world, DoD related projects.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInterested in joining our team? Fill out the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/public\/prod\/2022-06\/GT%20-%20GTRI%20-%20Military%20Graduate%20Research%20Program%20application%20-%2026%20May%202022.pdf\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EMGRP Application Form\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information, view and download the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/public\/prod\/2020-06\/MGRP%20260620%20-%20Flyer%201.pdf\u0022\u003Eprogram flyer\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;or contact us at \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:militarygra@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emilitarygra@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Military Graduate Research Program (MGRP) provides opportunities for U.S military personnel to conduct Department of Defense (DoD) related part-time research at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-06-06 18:02:24","changed_gmt":"2022-06-06 18:02:24","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-06-06T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-06-06T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"190753","name":"Military Graduate Research Assistant"},{"id":"190754","name":"MGRA"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"},{"id":"5901","name":"dod"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"167258","name":"STEM"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"},{"id":"190755","name":"military fellowship"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"658189":{"#nid":"658189","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI\u2019s Cobb County Impact Showcased to Military Support Organization","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EOne of Cobb County\u0026rsquo;s best-kept secrets was recently unveiled in a big way for a group of county leaders with interests in military matters.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe issue was the Georgia Tech Research Institute\u0026rsquo;s (GTRI) world-class Cobb County, Georgia facilities and the approximately 850 researchers and staff working on national security research in a complex of buildings near Dobbins Air Reserve Base and the Lockheed-Martin Corporation \u0026ndash; a facility that has been designing and building military aircraft since World War II.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile GTRI\u0026rsquo;s role in supporting the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) isn\u0026rsquo;t officially a secret, the diversity and impact of the activity isn\u0026rsquo;t so well known in the county. To help address that, GTRI held a four-hour site visit for the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cobbchamber.org\/hcaa.html\u0022\u003EHonorary Commanders Alumni Association\u003C\/a\u003E (HCAA), an organization affiliated with the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cobbchamber.org\/\u0022\u003ECobb County Chamber of Commerce\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We were all impressed at everything GTRI has in Cobb County working for our national defense and for civilian purposes,\u0026rdquo; said Joe Gaskin, co-chair of the HCAA \u0026ndash; a group of military and civilian alumni of the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cobbchamber.org\/honorary-commanders.html\u0022\u003EHonorary Commanders Association\u003C\/a\u003E, which gives Cobb leaders an opportunity to learn more about local military activities and their impact on the economy. \u0026ldquo;GTRI is helping boost Cobb County\u0026rsquo;s importance to national security.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMore than a dozen members of the HCAA attended the April 29 briefing. They saw work on building small unmanned aerial systems, research aimed at providing earlier warning of severe storms, a wind tunnel used to evaluate new aircraft designs, a phased-array radar that will be used to train operators, anechoic chambers used to develop acoustic devices, and the GTRI Research Electronic Warfare Truck (GREWT) \u0026ndash; a Ford F-550 that supports field testing of aircraft defensive systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Cobb County is becoming a center for national security work,\u0026rdquo; said James Hudgens, GTRI\u0026rsquo;s director and Georgia Tech senior vice president for research, who thanked the HCAA attendees for their interest in national security. GTRI\u0026rsquo;s volume of defense research has been growing rapidly and is expected to hit $850 million in 2022. Much of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s expansion will come to Cobb County, where GTRI already has nearly a million square feet of research facilities, Hudgens told the group.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has long been known for its electronic warfare research, and Hudgens noted that GTRI is the nation\u0026rsquo;s second-largest University Affiliated Research Center (UARC) \u0026ndash; designated as such because of its unique capabilities that are considered essential to the DoD. Throughout the United States, GTRI operates 22 field offices that help DoD agencies address critical operational issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMore than 90% of GTRI funding goes to national security research, though the innovation created by these federal dollars has a significant impact on non-defense areas through a \u0026ldquo;virtuous cycle\u0026rdquo; of transitions through Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s statewide networks.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Federally-sponsored research translates into innovation for the state of Georgia,\u0026rdquo; said Anne Clark, chief scientist for the Air National Guard Program Division (ANGPD) in GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Electronic Systems Laboratory (ELSYS). Combined with innovation from Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s academic research programs, the virtuous cycle creates unique capabilities to transition new technology through Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s statewide network, where it creates significant impacts that go beyond the DoD, she told the group.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the state of Georgia, for example, GTRI researchers are supporting a four-year project known as the Medicaid Enterprise System Transformation that is re-architecting the system that supports health care services to approximately three million Georgia citizens. Also in the health care arena, GTRI is supporting the development of the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/newsroom\/claims-database-will-provide-new-information-healthcare-georgia\u0022\u003EGeorgia All-Payer Claims Database\u003C\/a\u003E (GAPCD), a project aimed at providing price transparency and information about health care quality to help Georgia citizens make informed medical decisions.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0026rsquo;s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/atrp.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EAgricultural Technology Research Program\u003C\/a\u003E (ATRP) works in collaboration with university and industry partners, especially within Georgia\u0026#39;s poultry industry \u0026ndash; which has a $28 billion annual impact on the Georgia economy \u0026ndash; on projects involving robotics, advanced sensors, environmental treatment, and worker and food safety technologies. And as attendees for the HCAA site visit saw, research into radar, acoustic and seismic sensors and models at the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/severestorms.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESevere Storms Research Center\u003C\/a\u003E (SSRC) are helping develop improved technologies for predicting severe weather.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother major benefit to the state is educating young engineers who become leaders in companies and organizations across the state, Clark noted. \u0026ldquo;Georgia Tech is really the technology school for the Southeast United States,\u0026rdquo; she said. Collaborations with Emory University are expanding research in biomedicine and the biosciences, Clark added.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is the applied research division of Georgia Tech. Founded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories. In all, GTRI accounts for $1.7 billion of Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s overall $3.3 billion impact to the state, Clark noted. Of the 4,390 faculty at Georgia Tech, GTRI is responsible for 1,713 \u0026ndash; most of them full-time researchers.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWith nearly a million square feet of space in 11 buildings at its Cobb County facility, GTRI also has approximately 850,000 square feet of space in 14 buildings on Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s main campus in midtown Atlanta.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Honorary Commanders Association is a cooperative effort of the Cobb Chamber, Dobbins Air Reserve Base, General Lucius D. Clay National Guard Center, the Navy, and the Marine Corps. The organization annually selects community and business leaders and pairs them with military commanders in a yearlong program, giving those leaders the opportunity to learn more about local military activities, their impact on our economy, and various aspects of the national defense system. Members of the HCAA, who are graduates of the primary organization, support the Honorary Commanders program, as well as foster and maintain relationships with military and defense contacts.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (John.Toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"One of Cobb County\u2019s best-kept secrets was recently unveiled in a big way for a group of county leaders with interests in military matters."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-05-13 12:41:06","changed_gmt":"2022-05-13 12:41:06","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-05-13T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-05-13T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"657953":{"id":"657953","type":"image","title":"GTRI UAVs","body":null,"created":"1651680896","gmt_created":"2022-05-04 16:14:56","changed":"1651680896","gmt_changed":"2022-05-04 16:14:56","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249399","name":"uavs.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/uavs.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/uavs.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1301507,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/uavs.jpg?itok=dFhXmLG8"}},"658188":{"id":"658188","type":"image","title":"GTRI Research Electronic Warfare Truck","body":null,"created":"1652445381","gmt_created":"2022-05-13 12:36:21","changed":"1652445381","gmt_changed":"2022-05-13 12:36:21","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249502","name":"grewt.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/grewt.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/grewt.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1732540,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/grewt.jpg?itok=cyJlSJiz"}}},"media_ids":["657953","658188"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"10726","name":"Cobb County Research Facility"},{"id":"190534","name":"Cobb County Chamber of Commerce"},{"id":"190616","name":"HCAA"},{"id":"190617","name":"Honorary Commanders Alumni Association"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"},{"id":"190618","name":"GTRI Research Electronic Warfare Truck"},{"id":"177901","name":"cobb county"},{"id":"190533","name":"state impact"},{"id":"38651","name":"impact to georgia"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"657955":{"#nid":"657955","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI\u2019s Cobb County Impact Showcased to Military Support Organization","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EOne of Cobb County\u0026rsquo;s best-kept secrets was recently unveiled in a big way for a group of county leaders with interests in military matters.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe issue was the Georgia Tech Research Institute\u0026rsquo;s (GTRI) world-class Cobb County, Georgia facilities and the approximately 850 researchers and staff working on national security research in a complex of buildings near Dobbins Air Reserve Base and the Lockheed-Martin Corporation \u0026ndash; a facility that has been designing and building military aircraft since World War II.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile GTRI\u0026rsquo;s role in supporting the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) isn\u0026rsquo;t officially a secret, the diversity and impact of the activity isn\u0026rsquo;t so well known in the county. To help address that, GTRI held a four-hour site visit for the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cobbchamber.org\/hcaa.html\u0022\u003EHonorary Commanders Alumni Association\u003C\/a\u003E (HCAA), an organization affiliated with the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cobbchamber.org\/\u0022\u003ECobb County Chamber of Commerce\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We were all impressed at everything GTRI has in Cobb County working for our national defense and for civilian purposes,\u0026rdquo; said Joe Gaskin, co-chair of the HCAA \u0026ndash; a group of military and civilian alumni of the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cobbchamber.org\/honorary-commanders.html\u0022\u003EHonorary Commanders Association\u003C\/a\u003E, which gives Cobb leaders an opportunity to learn more about local military activities and their impact on the economy. \u0026ldquo;GTRI is helping boost Cobb County\u0026rsquo;s importance to national security.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMore than a dozen members of the HCAA attended the April 29 briefing. They saw work on building small unmanned aerial systems, research aimed at providing earlier warning of severe storms, a wind tunnel used to evaluate new aircraft designs, a phased-array radar that will be used to train operators, anechoic chambers used to develop acoustic devices, and the GTRI Research Electronic Warfare Truck (GREWT) \u0026ndash; a Ford F-550 that supports field testing of aircraft defensive systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Cobb County is becoming a center for national security work,\u0026rdquo; said James Hudgens, GTRI\u0026rsquo;s director and Georgia Tech senior vice president for research, who thanked the HCAA attendees for their interest in national security. GTRI\u0026rsquo;s volume of defense research has been growing rapidly and is expected to hit $850 million in 2022. Much of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s expansion will come to Cobb County, where GTRI already has nearly a million square feet of research facilities, Hudgens told the group.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has long been known for its electronic warfare research, and Hudgens noted that GTRI is the nation\u0026rsquo;s second-largest University Affiliated Research Center (UARC) \u0026ndash; designated as such because of its unique capabilities that are considered essential to the DoD. Throughout the United States, GTRI operates 22 field offices that help DoD agencies address critical operational issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMore than 90% of GTRI funding goes to national security research, though the innovation created by these federal dollars has a significant impact on non-defense areas through a \u0026ldquo;virtuous cycle\u0026rdquo; of transitions through Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s statewide networks.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Federally-sponsored research translates into innovation for the state of Georgia,\u0026rdquo; said Anne Clark, chief scientist for the Air National Guard Program Division (ANGPD) in GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Electronic Systems Laboratory (ELSYS). Combined with innovation from Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s academic research programs, the virtuous cycle creates unique capabilities to transition new technology through Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s statewide network, where it creates significant impacts that go beyond the DoD, she told the group.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the state of Georgia, for example, GTRI researchers are supporting a four-year project known as the Medicaid Enterprise System Transformation that is re-architecting the system that supports health care services to approximately three million Georgia citizens. Also in the health care arena, GTRI is supporting the development of the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/newsroom\/claims-database-will-provide-new-information-healthcare-georgia\u0022\u003EGeorgia All-Payer Claims Database\u003C\/a\u003E (GAPCD), a project aimed at providing price transparency and information about health care quality to help Georgia citizens make informed medical decisions.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0026rsquo;s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/atrp.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EAgricultural Technology Research Program\u003C\/a\u003E (ATRP) works in collaboration with university and industry partners, especially within Georgia\u0026#39;s poultry industry \u0026ndash; which has a $28 billion annual impact on the Georgia economy \u0026ndash; on projects involving robotics, advanced sensors, environmental treatment, and worker and food safety technologies. And as attendees for the HCAA site visit saw, research into radar, acoustic and seismic sensors and models at the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/severestorms.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESevere Storms Research Center\u003C\/a\u003E (SSRC) are helping develop improved technologies for predicting severe weather.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother major benefit to the state is educating young engineers who become leaders in companies and organizations across the state, Clark noted. \u0026ldquo;Georgia Tech is really the technology school for the Southeast United States,\u0026rdquo; she said. Collaborations with Emory University are expanding research in biomedicine and the biosciences, Clark added.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is the applied research division of Georgia Tech. Founded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories. In all, GTRI accounts for $1.7 billion of Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s overall $3.3 billion impact to the state, Clark noted. Of the 4,390 faculty at Georgia Tech, GTRI is responsible for 1,713 \u0026ndash; most of them full-time researchers.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWith nearly a million square feet of space in 11 buildings at its Cobb County facility, GTRI also has approximately 850,000 square feet of space in 14 buildings on Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s main campus in midtown Atlanta.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Honorary Commanders Association is a cooperative effort of the Cobb Chamber, Dobbins Air Reserve Base, General Lucius D. Clay National Guard Center, the Navy, and the Marine Corps. The organization annually selects community and business leaders and pairs them with military commanders in a yearlong program, giving those leaders the opportunity to learn more about local military activities, their impact on our economy, and various aspects of the national defense system. Members of the HCAA, who are graduates of the primary organization, support the Honorary Commanders program, as well as foster and maintain relationships with military and defense contacts.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (John.Toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPhoto Credits: Sean McNeil, GTRI\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"One of Cobb County\u2019s best-kept secrets was recently unveiled in a big way for a group of county leaders with interests in military matters."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-05-04 16:20:40","changed_gmt":"2022-05-04 16:20:40","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-05-04T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-05-04T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"657953":{"id":"657953","type":"image","title":"GTRI UAVs","body":null,"created":"1651680896","gmt_created":"2022-05-04 16:14:56","changed":"1651680896","gmt_changed":"2022-05-04 16:14:56","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249399","name":"uavs.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/uavs.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/uavs.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1301507,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/uavs.jpg?itok=dFhXmLG8"}},"657954":{"id":"657954","type":"image","title":"GTRI Training Radar","body":null,"created":"1651680981","gmt_created":"2022-05-04 16:16:21","changed":"1651680981","gmt_changed":"2022-05-04 16:16:21","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249400","name":"training-radar.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/training-radar.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/training-radar.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2516500,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/training-radar.jpg?itok=ot-bR152"}}},"media_ids":["657953","657954"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"190535","name":"Visitors are briefed on a phased-array radar intended to provide improved training capabilities on Department of Defense ranges. (Credit: Sean McNeil"},{"id":"190536","name":"GTRI)"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"657648":{"#nid":"657648","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Quantum, Classical Computing Combine to Tackle Tough Optimization Problems","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team led by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) was recently selected for second-phase funding of a $9.2 million project aimed at demonstrating a hybrid computing system that will combine the advantages of classical computing with those of quantum computing to tackle some of the world\u0026rsquo;s most difficult optimization problems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOver the next two years, the team plans to use several hundred quantum bits (qubits) made of trapped ions to put the unique capabilities of quantum computing systems to work on these challenges. The team, which also includes researchers from Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Industrial and Systems Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E, the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.nist.gov\u0022\u003ENational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)\u003C\/a\u003E, and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ornl.gov\/\u0022\u003EOak Ridge National Laboratory\u003C\/a\u003E, has already demonstrated key elements of the system using a 10-qubit ion chain.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The implications of a quantum solution to this optimization challenge could be dramatic,\u0026rdquo; said Creston Herold, a GTRI senior research scientist who is principal investigator for the program, which is known as Optimization with Trapped Ion Qubits (OPTIQ). \u0026ldquo;Previously intractable problems could be solvable, and computation time could be reduced from days to hours or minutes. That could allow optimization to be applied to many more tasks, improving operational efficiency, and saving time, money, and energy.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research is supported by the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/\u0022\u003EDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)\u003C\/a\u003E as part of its Optimization with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Devices (ONISQ) program. Specifically, the GTRI-led team will use the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to tackle a difficult optimization challenge known as Max-Cut and related optimization problems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOptimization Key to Defense and Commercial Applications\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOptimization is important to a broad range of defense and commercial challenges, including logistics management, security, reliability, sensing, communications, electronic design and manufacturing, and image segmentation. Package delivery services use optimization algorithms every day to determine the best delivery routes, but some optimization issues are so complex that they cannot be solved using existing approaches. For those, quantum approaches may provide the only solution.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the quantum component of the project, the research team plans to leverage the massively parallel operations possible with trapped ions, performing many two-qubit gates simultaneously and scaling up to hundreds of qubits. The operations will be performed in two-dimensional ion crystals within Penning traps, devices that contain and control the ions using both a homogeneous axial magnetic field and an inhomogeneous quadrupole electric field.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project will utilize a unique Penning trap configuration that uses powerful rare-earth permanent magnets instead of bulky, cryo-cooled superconducting magnets. GTRI Senior Research Scientist Brian Sawyer and Research Scientist Brian McMahon developed the trapping system, which was part of McMahon\u0026rsquo;s Ph.D. thesis at Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s School of Physics.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHybrid Quantum and Classical Computing Approaches\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause quantum and classical computing rely on dramatically different techniques, they provide different strengths that the project can use in a complementary way, said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/users\/swati-gupta\u0022\u003ESwati Gupta\u003C\/a\u003E, an assistant professor at Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s School of Industrial and Systems Engineering who studies complex optimization issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The building blocks are quite different for classical computing and quantum computing,\u0026rdquo; Gupta noted. \u0026ldquo;That is exciting and challenging to understand as we build a bridge between these two regimes.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn some cases, only approximate solutions can now be produced by classical computing systems \u0026ndash; and even those may require long run times.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The speed of operations is very relevant these days because we need to make decisions every second and every minute,\u0026rdquo; Gupta said. \u0026ldquo;The dream is that by using a combination of classical and quantum machines, we will be able to significantly beat what can be done with just classical devices.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESecond Phase Builds on Initial 10-Qubit Work\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the first 18 months of the project, the researchers demonstrated that they can prepare their optimization machine using an ion chain composed of 10 qubits. In the second phase, they will tackle the challenge of scaling that up to the hundreds of qubits \u0026ndash; and perhaps as many as a thousand \u0026ndash; that will be necessary to run the optimization algorithm using controls developed with the 10-qubit system.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;One of the goals is to run this optimization algorithm with more qubits than has ever been demonstrated before,\u0026rdquo; Herold said. \u0026ldquo;On the way, we are also going to show control in a two-dimensional ion crystal in a Penning trap that has not been demonstrated before. That may lead to applications similar to QAOA, in which we can also add more degrees of freedom to analog simulations of quantum systems with trapped ions.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the Penning trap, the ions in the crystal will affect one another, allowing interactions to be created throughout the system.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;In choosing an optimization problem that was most natural for trapped ions, we looked at the fact that a collection of ions in a crystal all \u0026lsquo;feel\u0026rsquo; one another,\u0026rdquo; Herold said. \u0026ldquo;There is a repulsion between them because they are all positively charged, and that leads to a pairwise interaction between each of the particles that can be created in a global way.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAddressing the Technical Challenges Ahead\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EQuantum systems tend to be noisy, which can create a significant error rate. The research team includes scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, who are using a supercomputer there to map the best pathway to minimizing noise in the quantum system as it is scaled up.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAmong the technical challenges ahead will be maintaining a uniform magnetic field using permanent magnets instead of superconducting magnets, which are normally the size of a residential hot water heater.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We had the idea to make a small trap to get rid of the superconducting magnet,\u0026rdquo; said Sawyer. \u0026ldquo;But you have to play tricks to make sure the field is as uniform as possible because you want every ion spinning at the same rate regardless of where it is in the trap. That is tricky to do with small permanent magnets.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2D Ion Crystal Formed by Doppler-Laser Cooling\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers plan to use Doppler-laser cooling \u0026ndash; slowing the motion of the ions \u0026ndash; to create a crystalline structure in which the calcium ions are arranged in triangular arrays. Creating that stable structure is crucial to the ability to know the location of each ion so that their states can be individually flipped.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;To run this algorithm, we need to be able to point to one ion and then another ion and know exactly where they are at all times to program the particular graphs we need to solve Max-Cut,\u0026rdquo; said Herold.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond demonstrating a quantum Max-Cut solver, the research could have implications for other optimization problems that are now considered especially difficult because their solution requires many qubits and a complex circuit.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;These optimization problems can often be translated into others, so if you can solve one of them really well, there\u0026rsquo;s a class of universal problems that can be addressed,\u0026rdquo; said Herold. \u0026ldquo;Solving one particular problem can provide the kernel for an optimizer.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract No. HR001120C0046. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed or implied, of DARPA or the U.S. government.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: John Toon (John.Toon@gtri.gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees, supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A research team led by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is demonstrating a hybrid computing system that will combine the advantages of classical computing with those of quantum computing to tackle some of the most difficult optimization problems"}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2022-04-27 12:35:11","changed_gmt":"2022-04-27 12:35:11","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2022-04-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2022-04-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"657646":{"id":"657646","type":"image","title":"Quantum-optimization-1","body":null,"created":"1651062115","gmt_created":"2022-04-27 12:21:55","changed":"1651062115","gmt_changed":"2022-04-27 12:21:55","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249258","name":"quantum-optimization-1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/quantum-optimization-1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/quantum-optimization-1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":661726,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/quantum-optimization-1.jpg?itok=Q_t7e5bf"}},"657647":{"id":"657647","type":"image","title":"Quantum-optimization-14","body":null,"created":"1651062207","gmt_created":"2022-04-27 12:23:27","changed":"1651062207","gmt_changed":"2022-04-27 12:23:27","alt":"","file":{"fid":"249259","name":"quantum-optimization-14.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/quantum-optimization-14.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/quantum-optimization-14.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":417501,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/quantum-optimization-14.jpg?itok=EzjFO7jJ"}}},"media_ids":["657646","657647"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"190446","name":"Quantum optimization"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"167755","name":"School of Industrial and Systems Engineering"},{"id":"108061","name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory"},{"id":"10619","name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"},{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"190447","name":"hybrid computing system"},{"id":"924","name":"national defense"},{"id":"190448","name":"Penning trap"},{"id":"208","name":"computing"},{"id":"190449","name":"Doppler-Laser Cooling"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"653805":{"#nid":"653805","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI uses LIDAR to Improve Tracking of Aerial Systems ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBullet Time, a visual effect made famous by the 1999 film, \u0026quot;The Matrix,\u0026quot; has implications well beyond Hollywood.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) have developed a new optical tracking technology called Bullet Time that uses a LIDAR system to track small airborne targets \u0026ndash; such as drones \u0026ndash; in cluttered environments.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBullet Time provides an alternative to fire control radar (FCR) that are susceptible to advanced countermeasures. FCRs are particularly vulnerable to tactical exploitation because of their unique characteristics, such as radio frequency and pulse duration, that allow adversaries to identify the radar and, in turn, the type of weapon system it controls.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThis project could also enable a low-cost, RF (radio frequency) silent intercept solution to protect warfighters from current and emerging threats, namely unauthorized drones that are becoming increasingly difficult to identify and thwart.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Little drones are starting to show up all over the place in the world, and they\u0026#39;re kind of problematic,\u0026quot; said Brandon Vaughan, a GTRI research engineer who leads the Bullet Time project. \u0026quot;When you\u0026#39;re trying to identify really small targets, drones and birds can start to look a lot alike, especially in cluttered environments.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring a set of field tests in May and June at a GTRI facility, researchers demonstrated the ability for Bullet Time to perform a precision 3D track of an outbound ballistic target in real time. The demonstration proved that this technology provides a new optical search and track solution in fire control applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBullet Time won IRAD (Independent Research and Development) of the Year in fiscal year 2021.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;The intent with this IRAD was to stretch the boundary with what you can do with a LIDAR,\u0026quot; Vaughan said. \u0026quot;The system we designed gives an update about 600 times per second on the range of the target within a few centimeters, the reflectance of the target, and crude measurements of its physical dimensions. You can also get an idea of how bright it is and whether there\u0026#39;s any kind of modulation on it.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBullet Time has already been incorporated into various sponsored projects.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring field testing, the team noticed that insects represented an unexpected, yet, encouraging source of clutter, as it demonstrated the sensitivity of the LIDAR system. GTRI will use a velocity filter to remove insect clutter from the data.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;We were able to track the movement of insects at a range of approximately 100 yards,\u0026quot; said Vaughan. \u0026quot;This is a good problem to have \u0026ndash; it means our system is extremely sensitive.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:anna.akins@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAnna Akins\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E*****\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Bullet Time is a new optical tracking technology that uses a LIDAR system to track small, airborne targets in cluttered environments."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2021-12-17 00:06:13","changed_gmt":"2021-12-17 00:06:13","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2021-12-16T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2021-12-16T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"653802":{"id":"653802","type":"image","title":"GTRI Research Engineer Brandon Vaughn leads the Bullet Time project","body":null,"created":"1639698864","gmt_created":"2021-12-16 23:54:24","changed":"1639698864","gmt_changed":"2021-12-16 23:54:24","alt":"","file":{"fid":"248005","name":"2021_1026_Photo_EOSL-ELSYS_bullet-time_14R.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2021_1026_Photo_EOSL-ELSYS_bullet-time_14R.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2021_1026_Photo_EOSL-ELSYS_bullet-time_14R.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":383452,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/2021_1026_Photo_EOSL-ELSYS_bullet-time_14R.jpg?itok=ZAhZc--b"}},"653803":{"id":"653803","type":"image","title":"GTRI Research Engineer Rich Cohen","body":null,"created":"1639698969","gmt_created":"2021-12-16 23:56:09","changed":"1639698969","gmt_changed":"2021-12-16 23:56:09","alt":"","file":{"fid":"248006","name":"2021_1026_Photo_EOSL-ELSYS_bullet-time_02R.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2021_1026_Photo_EOSL-ELSYS_bullet-time_02R.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/2021_1026_Photo_EOSL-ELSYS_bullet-time_02R.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":447863,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/2021_1026_Photo_EOSL-ELSYS_bullet-time_02R.jpg?itok=-LSYwdji"}},"653804":{"id":"653804","type":"image","title":"Bullet Time tracking technology that uses a LIDAR system","body":null,"created":"1639699469","gmt_created":"2021-12-17 00:04:29","changed":"1639699469","gmt_changed":"2021-12-17 00:04:29","alt":"","file":{"fid":"248007","name":"IMG_7091R.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/IMG_7091R.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/IMG_7091R.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":305800,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/IMG_7091R.jpg?itok=5wjmX1Ue"}}},"media_ids":["653802","653803","653804"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"111431","name":"lidar"},{"id":"189579","name":"aerial systems"},{"id":"189580","name":"BULLET Time"},{"id":"7141","name":"IRAD"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"653801":{"#nid":"653801","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Virtual Sensing in Predictive Maintenance Helps Boost Rotorcraft Availability","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EArtificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and data analytics procedures are being used jointly to help improve the availability of a critical \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.af.mil\u0022\u003EU.S. Air Force\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E helicopter while reducing maintenance costs and extending how long the aircraft can remain in service.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Virtual Sensing Technologies for Accelerometer Reconstruction (VSTAR) program, sponsored by the \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ai.mil\u0022\u003EU.S. Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E, uses these techniques to fill gaps in flight data measurements collected by HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopters. This flight data, taken from an accelerometer onboard the aircraft at the base of the main rotor, helps maintainers understand the loads that the helicopter was subjected to during flight. These load levels, in turn, help determine when each helicopter must be taken out of service for maintenance, and ultimately when each aircraft will reach the end of its expected lifetime.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe challenge is that data from this specific 4G accelerometer on the HH-60G is sometimes unusable. When that happens \u0026ndash; on as many as 10% of all flights \u0026ndash; maintainers assume the affected aircraft was subjected to the worst possible airframe stresses, known as the \u0026ldquo;composite worst-case\u0026rdquo; scenario, during an entire flight. Doing that can lead to removal of helicopters from service sooner, replacement of components prematurely, and negatively impact warfighter readiness \u0026ndash; compared to what would be required had the complete set of correct flight data been available.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This drives sustainment, maintenance and logistical planning, but the most critical impact has been that the warfighters had fewer and fewer aircraft available to them,\u0026rdquo; said David Alvord, a senior research engineer who led the research program at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDeveloped by GTRI in collaboration with the JAIC and U. S. Air Force, VSTAR recreates the missing accelerometer data using a Deep Neural Net (DNN) with additional data streams collected by the aircraft\u0026rsquo;s health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) at the same time as the corrupted accelerometer data. This AI DNN model, combined with load coupling from corresponding CFD models, reconstructed corrupt data affecting 6,500 hours of flight data. VSTAR improved more than 270 days\u0026rsquo; worth of flight time measurements by applying these machine learning and neural network techniques that correlated the HUMS information with accelerometer records.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The digital version recreates the data that is lost so we can take the bad data out of the accelerometer information and replace it with good data,\u0026rdquo; explained Alvord. \u0026ldquo;With the recreated data, the accelerometer information passes back into the maintenance and sustainment decision stream to make it more accurate.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EVSTAR has been transitioned, deployed, and adopted by the Air Force as part of its Aircraft Structural Integrity Program (ASIP) post-flight analysis. Discussions have been held with the Navy, Army and Coast Guard about how variants of the VSTAR tool might be applied to their versions of ASIP H-60 maintenance tool to create a benefit from similar digital twin model. While the potential cost savings run into the millions of dollars, the impacts go beyond dollars.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The value for the Air Force has been in increased availability of the vehicles for the warfighter,\u0026rdquo; Alvord said. \u0026ldquo;This gives them more platforms that can service more missions with more confidence. That doesn\u0026rsquo;t include the parts costs and costs associated with the personnel time needed to service the vehicles.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAn aerospace engineer by training, Alvord collaborated with GTRI experts in artificial intelligence, machine learning, neural networks, data analysis and computational fluid dynamics. A collaboration of disciplines was necessary to develop the capability to recreate the missing data as a predictive maintenance \u0026ldquo;digital twin virtual sensor\u0026rdquo; and integrate it into the maintenance ASIP flow for the HH-60G.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We had four terabytes of heritage flight data from the aircraft, so we could get all the parameters and data streams that we needed,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;We took that data to the neural net and trained it to disregard the one bad sensor, and based on the other sensors, to determine what it had done historically.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EChoosing the right data from other aircraft sensors \u0026ndash; strain gauges, vibration monitors, thermocouples and others \u0026ndash; and combining it where necessary with a CFD understanding of what those measurements meant for the aircraft, allowed Alvord\u0026rsquo;s team to develop a stacked model of what had happened during a flight in the absence of accelerometer data.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAlvord says the techniques developed in VSTAR could be used in many other aircraft, ground vehicles, naval vessels and spacecraft in which operational data negatively affects maintenance intervals and remaining lifetime calculations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;When you understand the procedure and the methodology, you can just pull out the boundary conditions, the data and the success metrics and apply them to other systems,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;This is a very broadly applicable tool.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond delivering the VSTAR tool to the Air Force, Alvord\u0026rsquo;s team \u0026ndash; which include research engineers Jesus Arias and Maia Gatlin and senior research engineer Andrew Harper \u0026ndash; is publishing a paper in an American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) journal and sharing their work at an upcoming International Test and Evaluation Association (ITEA) conference. The project has also been presented to the Prognostics and Health Management Society.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWriter: \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto: john.toon@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGTRI Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia USA\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E*****\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n\u003C\/div\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and data analytics procedures are being used jointly to help improve the availability of a critical U.S. Air Force helicopter while reducing maintenance costs and exte"}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2021-12-16 23:37:07","changed_gmt":"2021-12-16 23:37:07","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2021-12-16T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2021-12-16T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"653800":{"id":"653800","type":"image","title":"HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopter from the 41st Rescue Squadron ","body":null,"created":"1639697565","gmt_created":"2021-12-16 23:32:45","changed":"1639697565","gmt_changed":"2021-12-16 23:32:45","alt":"","file":{"fid":"248004","name":"HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopter.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/HH-60G%20Pave%20Hawk%20helicopter.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/HH-60G%20Pave%20Hawk%20helicopter.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":298909,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/HH-60G%20Pave%20Hawk%20helicopter.jpg?itok=fQq77qF8"}},"653799":{"id":"653799","type":"image","title":"GTRI researchers Jesus Arias, Maia Gatlin, and Andrew Harper","body":null,"created":"1639697384","gmt_created":"2021-12-16 23:29:44","changed":"1639697384","gmt_changed":"2021-12-16 23:29:44","alt":"","file":{"fid":"248003","name":"vstar-001.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/vstar-001.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/vstar-001.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":247054,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/vstar-001.jpg?itok=29yyPstO"}}},"media_ids":["653800","653799"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"189576","name":"VSTAR"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"},{"id":"14958","name":"Rotorcraft"},{"id":"2556","name":"artificial intelligence"},{"id":"189578","name":"virtual sensing technologies"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"651843":{"#nid":"651843","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Developing 5G Solutions for the State of Georgia, Nation ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are exploring ways to use 5G \u0026ndash; a mobile technology that promises download speeds many times faster than current 4G LTE wireless networks and significantly lower latency times \u0026ndash; to advance national security and ensure rural parts of Georgia have equitable access to high-speed broadband services, among other applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003EOn the Ground\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn terms of sponsored projects, GTRI has established 5G prototypes at \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.hill.af.mil\/\u0022\u003EHill Air Force Base\u003C\/a\u003E in northern Utah, with funding awarded by Advanced Technology International (ATI). The project is specifically looking at using dynamic spectrum sharing, or DSS, to allow 5G networks and military radars to operate on the same spectrum band.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;Our role at Hill AFB is to look at how a 5G network can share the same spectrum as radar systems,\u0026quot; said Grant Lohsen, a GTRI senior research engineer who is leading the project. \u0026quot;In other words, we\u0026#39;re exploring how to use dynamic spectrum sharing to minimize interference introduced to a radar system from increased activity on an in-band 5G network.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E5G technology currently operates on three spectrum bands: high-band, mid-band, and low-band. High-band spectrum, also known as millimeter-wave spectrum, is seen as the most desirable of the three spectrum bands since it can carry massive amounts of data at high speeds. But its shorter wavelengths means it has trouble traveling long distances and penetrating certain surfaces. By comparison, low-band spectrum can travel long distances and penetrate walls but has less bandwidth.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is also researching the concept of network slicing for tactical applications, which allows multiple independent virtual networks to operate on one logical network.\u0026nbsp;Unlike earlier cellular technologies, network slicing allows quality of service configuration (including throughput, latency and security) based on the application requirements\u0026nbsp;throughout the 5G network down to the physical layer. The 5G standard enables flexible mapping between the individual slices and physical layer resources (such as\u0026nbsp;spectrum, time, and antenna beams), allowing for research, design and integration of commercial 5G network technologies into a secure tactical framework using open source tools.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a hypothetical military setting, network slicing could enable soldiers to exchange vital information while reserving higher-quality bandwidth to stream video back to a command headquarters \u0026ndash; all while ensuring the data remains secure. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;With network slicing, different classes of traffic \u0026ndash; whether it\u0026#39;s higher throughput or lower latency, classified or unclassified, etc., \u0026ndash; can be assigned to different portions of the 5G network,\u0026quot; said Tanah Barchichat, a GTRI senior research engineer who is leading the network slicing research. \u0026quot;It\u0026rsquo;s a big feature we feel that the defense community can take advantage of.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003EHomegrown\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is also examining ways to cost-effectively bring high-speed broadband networks to rural parts of Georgia, many of which have struggled to keep up with network demand as the pandemic accelerates the shift to remote work and distance learning.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESpecifically, Bill Lawton, a GTRI principal research engineer studying 5G use case applicability to help rural Georgians, said GTRI is exploring the feasibility of bringing 5G-powered fixed wireless access service to homes in rural Georgia.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;A home owner could just have a router-like device and place it in a window facing wherever the nearest cell tower is, and have high-speed broadband in their home,\u0026quot; Lawton said. \u0026quot;That\u0026#39;s an area where 5G can help increase broadband penetration to rural areas at much lower installation costs than traditional broadband services.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are also opportunities to bring 5G to Georgia\u0026#39;s agricultural communities. 5G stands to transform things like crop management, where farms could use the technology to monitor crops, allowing fertilizer or pesticide treatment of specific portions of fields instead of applying the same treatment to an entire field. Farms could also use 5G to equip farm machinery and equipment with higher compute power and more advanced data collection capabilities.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u0026quot;\u003C\/strong\u003EThe agriculture industry is one of many areas in Georgia that can greatly benefit from pervasive 5G technologies,\u0026quot; Lawton said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch2\u003EProblem Solving\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cstrong\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ECloser to home, right at GTRI, researchers have constructed a 5G laboratory where they are conducting over-the-air testing of 5G networks and utilizing open source 5G software to further their research.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is working to provide a standards-based, open source, 5G cellular system to the government. The goals of the project are to break vendor lock-in, provide a baseline from which mission-specific 5G cellular enhancements can be created, and evolve the system over time as technology advances.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This will allow for implementation of the 3GPP features that may not be commercially viable but are of great interest to government customers,\u0026quot; Lohsen said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E3GPP, or the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, is an organization consisting of seven telecommunications standards organizations that develop protocols for various cellular telecommunications technologies, including 5G.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ELawton said the team is applying lessons learned from early 5G rollouts in the commercial space to prepare the technology for widespread use in defense settings.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA major selling point for 5G in the commercial space has been its ability to enable a new era of the internet of things \u0026mdash; a network of interconnected electronics, vehicles and home appliances that interact and exchange data. However, many of these applications have been seen as at least a few years away, as they rely on future releases and updates to the 5G specifications that have yet to be finalized.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;We\u0026#39;re connecting current models of smartphones to our 5G network and analyzing how these 5G networks really perform versus what\u0026#39;s advertised, and how we can best set up and orient these 5G networks to be able to satisfy the requirements of deploying the systems in a tactical environment,\u0026quot; Lawton said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E*****\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performs more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u202fLearn more at\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u202fand follow us on\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/3557?trk=EML_cp-admin\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ELinkedIn\u003C\/a\u003E,\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/twitter.com\/GTRI\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ETwitter\u003C\/a\u003E,\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GTRIFan\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EFacebook\u003C\/a\u003E, and\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/georgiatechresearchinstitute\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EInstagram\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPhotographer: Christopher Moore\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are exploring ways to use 5G mobile technology to advance national security and ensure rural parts of Georgia have equitable access to high-speed broadband services, among other applications."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2021-10-20 14:38:26","changed_gmt":"2021-10-20 14:38:26","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2021-10-20T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2021-10-20T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"651838":{"id":"651838","type":"image","title":"GTRI senior research engineer Tanah Barchichat","body":null,"created":"1634737533","gmt_created":"2021-10-20 13:45:33","changed":"1634737533","gmt_changed":"2021-10-20 13:45:33","alt":"","file":{"fid":"247302","name":"Tanah Barchichat.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Tanah%20Barchichat.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Tanah%20Barchichat.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":226753,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Tanah%20Barchichat.jpg?itok=9aKeiZG3"}},"651837":{"id":"651837","type":"image","title":"GTRI principal research engineer Bill Lawton","body":null,"created":"1634737320","gmt_created":"2021-10-20 13:42:00","changed":"1634737320","gmt_changed":"2021-10-20 13:42:00","alt":"","file":{"fid":"247301","name":"BLawton1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/BLawton1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/BLawton1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":281059,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/BLawton1.jpg?itok=0Efcd5xD"}}},"media_ids":["651838","651837"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"42901","name":"Community"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"171151","name":"State of Georgia"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"623","name":"Technology"},{"id":"7770","name":"cellular"},{"id":"1033","name":"Economic Impact"},{"id":"172364","name":"5G"},{"id":"14835","name":"wireless technology"},{"id":"180496","name":"5G wireless communications"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"650195":{"#nid":"650195","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI, Georgia Tech Develop AI Psychiatry to Advance National Security ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EArtificial intelligence and machine learning have taken the world by storm, controlling everything from self-driving cars and smart speakers to autonomous weapon-enabled drones. But as these technologies become more advanced, so do their potential security threats.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThat is why Chris Roberts, a principal research engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), Brendan Saltaformaggio, an assistant professor in the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/scp.cc.gatech.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESchool of Cybersecurity and Privacy\u003C\/a\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E at Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), and others have joined forces under GTRI\u0026#39;s Graduate Student Fellowship Program to research and develop a new branch of cyber forensics called AI Psychiatry that seeks to keep data more secure in a constantly evolving technological landscape.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESaltaformaggio said his idea for AI Psychiatry stemmed from over a decade of researching and building cutting-edge cyber forensics techniques, including protecting against traditional cyberattacks to recovering digital evidence from devices at a crime scene. As AI and machine learning become more popular, Saltaformaggio said AI Psychiatry will play a key role in protecting the nation from rising security risks.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;You almost can\u0026#39;t go anywhere now without some involvement from machine learning and artificial intelligence,\u0026quot; Saltaformaggio said. \u0026quot;We knew it was only a matter of time before these things started being targeted in the real world.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EProviding the example of a self-driving car, GTRI\u0026#39;s Roberts said that if the vehicle takes a wrong turn or speeds up unexpectedly, investigators could use AI Psychiatry to determine whether the accident was due to a cyberattack or errors in training the AI system. If the accident was caused by a cyberattack, the new forensic capability could help experts patch the vulnerability without losing any of the model\u0026#39;s existing training.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAI and machine learning models require several rounds of energy- and time-intensive training to become more adept at handling new and existing tasks.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;You save all that knowledge and can just fix the little problem as opposed to, \u0026#39;OK, now we need to go back to square one and re-look at this model, retrain this model and redeploy it to the field,\u0026#39;\u0026quot; Roberts said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe need for AI Psychiatry extends well beyond self-driving cars.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn national security, military experts have been rapidly adopting next-generation technologies to speed up training and decision-making processes \u0026ndash; from creating more advanced image classification techniques to developing autonomous weapon-enabled drones.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;When there is a failure \u0026ndash; let\u0026#39;s say a drone crashes \u0026ndash; you have to have these forensic techniques to be able to understand why it crashed and what was involved,\u0026quot; Saltaformaggio explained. \u0026quot;\u0026#39;Was this an act of war? Was this an attack by another government? Or was this just an accident that no one saw coming?\u0026#39;\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBut developing AI Psychiatry does not come without challenges. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ERoberts noted that since much of these new forensic capabilities do not exist today, it is up to the team to forge a new path forward in the budding field.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;We\u0026rsquo;re trying to think about what\u0026rsquo;s going to be the problem 10 years from now, 20 years from now, when machines are effectively making decisions in the battlefield,\u0026quot; Roberts said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThat is why a cross-partnership between GTRI and Georgia Tech is so crucial.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;A relationship with campus and GTRI is just so valuable; we complement each other really well,\u0026quot; Roberts added.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOther participating members in the AI Psychiatry research project are Noah Tobin, a GTRI senior research associate, and David Oygenblik, a graduate research assistant in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETobin said that he expects the research to have a direct impact on protecting national security as advancements in technology give way to newer security threats.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026quot;We are moving into a future where AI is going to become more and more ubiquitous,\u0026quot; Tobin said. \u0026quot;We really need a lot of work to understand what the vulnerabilities of that are from a security posture.\u0026quot;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EServing national security represents the majority of GTRI\u0026#39;s work and remains our primary growth engine. As part of GTRI\u0026#39;s new Strategic Plan, we seek to expand GTRI\u0026#39;s relationship with the intelligence community through enhancing our knowledge of emerging threats and expanding our national thought leadership impact through presence, participation, and partnership with our sponsors.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI Graduate Student Fellowship Program is a competitive program for Georgia Tech graduate students working in GTRI strategic research areas. Academic faculty and GTRI researchers worked together to create proposals that are closely aligned with GTRI\u0026#39;s strategic initiatives, and graduate students are able to work on these research projects with fully-funded fellowships for five years.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).\u202fFounded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performs more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry.\u202fGTRI\u0026#39;s renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.\u202fLearn more at\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u003C\/a\u003E\u202fand follow us on\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/3557?trk=EML_cp-admin\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ELinkedIn\u003C\/a\u003E,\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/twitter.com\/GTRI\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ETwitter\u003C\/a\u003E,\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GTRIFan\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EFacebook\u003C\/a\u003E, and\u202f\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/georgiatechresearchinstitute\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EInstagram\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWriter: Anna Akins\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPhotographer: Sean McNeil\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPhoto Illustration: Melanie Goux\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A group of researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and Georgia Institute of Technology have teamed up under the inaugural GTRI Graduate Student Fellowship Program to develop a revolutionary cyber forensics technique called AI Psychiatry."}],"uid":"35832","created_gmt":"2021-08-27 19:21:22","changed_gmt":"2021-08-27 19:21:22","author":"Michelle Gowdy","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2021-08-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2021-08-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"650193":{"id":"650193","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech and GTRI Researchers developing AI Psychiatry in Support of National Security","body":null,"created":"1630091533","gmt_created":"2021-08-27 19:12:13","changed":"1630091533","gmt_changed":"2021-08-27 19:12:13","alt":"","file":{"fid":"246784","name":"Picture1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Picture1_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Picture1_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":376012,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Picture1_1.jpg?itok=kWG70Az6"}}},"media_ids":["650193"],"groups":[{"id":"1276","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"166902","name":"science and technology"},{"id":"8768","name":"psychiatry"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"},{"id":"2556","name":"artificial intelligence"},{"id":"1404","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"188749","name":"AI Psychiatry"},{"id":"2435","name":"ECE"},{"id":"175303","name":"cyber forensics"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E(Interim) Director of Communications\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Gowdy\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMichelle.Gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-407-8060\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michelle.gowdy@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"645616":{"#nid":"645616","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Control System Helps Several Drones Team Up to Deliver Heavy Packages ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMany parcel delivery drones of the future are expected to handle packages weighing five pounds or less, a restriction that would allow small, standardized UAVs to handle a large percentage of the deliveries now done by ground vehicles. But will that relegate heavier packages to slower delivery by conventional trucks and vans?\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA research team at the Georgia Institute of Technology has developed a modular solution for handling larger packages without the need for a complex fleet of drones of varying sizes. By allowing teams of small drones to collaboratively lift objects using an adaptive control algorithm, the strategy could allow a wide range of packages to be delivered using a combination of several standard-sized vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond simplifying the drone fleet, the work could provide more robust drone operations and reduce the noise and safety concerns involved in operating large autonomous UAVs in populated areas. In addition to commercial package delivery, the system might also be used by the military to resupply small groups of soldiers in the field.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;A delivery truck could carry a dozen drones in the back, and depending on how heavy a particular package is, it might use as many as six drones to carry the package,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/aerospace.gatech.edu\/people\/jonathan-rogers\u0022\u003EJonathan Rogers\u003C\/a\u003E, the Lockheed Martin Associate Professor of Avionics Integration in Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/aerospace.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003E Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026ldquo;That would allow flexibility in the weight of the packages that could be delivered and eliminate the need to build and maintain several different sizes of delivery drones.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research was supported, in part, by a National Science Foundation graduate student fellowship and by the Hives independent research and development program of the Georgia Tech Research Institute. A paper on the research has been submitted to the \u003Cem\u003EJournal of Aircraft\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA centralized computer system developed by graduate student Kevin Webb would monitor each of the drones lifting a package, sharing information about their location and the thrust being provided by their motors. The control system would coordinate the issuance of commands for navigation and delivery of the package.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The idea is to make multi-UAV cooperative flight easy from the user perspective,\u0026rdquo; Rogers said. \u0026ldquo;We take care of the difficult issues using the onboard intelligence, rather than expecting a human to precisely measure the package weight, center of gravity, and drone relative positions. We want to make this easy enough so that a package delivery driver could operate the system consistently.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe challenges of controlling a group of robots connected together to lift a package is more complex in many ways than controlling a swarm of robots that fly independently.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Most swarm work involves vehicles that are not connected, but flying in formations,\u0026rdquo; Rogers said. \u0026ldquo;In that case, the individual dynamics of a specific vehicle are not constrained by what the other vehicles are doing. For us, the challenge is that the vehicles are being pulled in different directions by what the other vehicles connected to the package are doing.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team of drones would autonomously connect to a docking structure attached to a package, using an infrared guidance system that eliminates the need for humans to attach the vehicles. That could come in handy for drones sent to retrieve packages that a customer is returning. By knowing how much thrust they are producing and the altitude they are maintaining, the drone teams could even estimate the weight of the package they\u0026rsquo;re picking up.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWebb and Rogers have built a demonstration in which four small quadrotor drones work together to lift a box that\u0026rsquo;s 2 feet by 2 feet by 2 feet and weighs 12 pounds. The control algorithm isn\u0026rsquo;t limited to four vehicles and could manage \u0026ldquo;as many vehicles as you could put around the package,\u0026rdquo; Rogers said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the military, the modular cargo system could allow squads of soldiers at remote locations to be resupplied without the cost or risk of operating a large autonomous helicopter. A military UAV package retrieval team could be made up of individual vehicles carried by each soldier.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;That would distribute a big lifting capability in smaller packages, which equates to small drones that could be used to team up,\u0026rdquo; Rogers said. \u0026ldquo;Putting small drones together would allow them to do bigger things than they could do individually.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBringing multiple vehicles together creates a more difficult control challenge, but Rogers argues the benefits are worth the complexity. \u0026ldquo;The idea of having multiple machines working together provides better scalability than building a larger device every time you have a larger task,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;We think this is the right way to fill that gap.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing multiple drones to carry a heavy package could also allow more redundancy in the delivery system. Should one of the drones fail, the others should be able to pick up the load \u0026ndash; an issue managed by the central control system. That part of the control strategy hasn\u0026rsquo;t yet been tested, but it is part of Rogers\u0026rsquo; plan for future development of the system.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMore research is also needed on the docking system that connects the drones to packages. The structures will have to be made strong and rigid enough to connect to and lift the packages, while being inexpensive enough to be disposable.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;I think the major technologies are already here, and given an adequate investment, a system could be fielded within five years to deliver packages with multiple drones,\u0026rdquo; Rogers said. \u0026ldquo;It\u0026rsquo;s not a technical challenge as much as it is a regulatory issue and a question of societal acceptance.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu) or Anne Wainscott-Sargent (404-435-5784) (asargent7@gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team at the Georgia Institute of Technology has developed a modular solution for drone delivery of larger packages without the need for a complex fleet of drones of varying sizes. By allowing teams of small drones to collaboratively lift objects using an adaptive control algorithm, the strategy could allow a wide range of packages to be delivered using a combination of several standard-sized vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have developed a control system that will enable teams of drones to carry heavy packages."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2021-03-22 17:40:42","changed_gmt":"2021-03-22 17:42:02","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2021-03-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2021-03-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"645610":{"id":"645610","type":"image","title":"Four drones team up to lift a package","body":null,"created":"1616433879","gmt_created":"2021-03-22 17:24:39","changed":"1616433879","gmt_changed":"2021-03-22 17:24:39","alt":"Four drones attached to a package","file":{"fid":"245089","name":"drones3.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/drones3.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/drones3.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":916866,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/drones3.jpg?itok=lz-M1yFQ"}},"645611":{"id":"645611","type":"image","title":"Drones collaborate to lift package","body":null,"created":"1616433982","gmt_created":"2021-03-22 17:26:22","changed":"1616433982","gmt_changed":"2021-03-22 17:26:22","alt":"Four drones lift a 12-pound package","file":{"fid":"245090","name":"drone-flying.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/drone-flying.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/drone-flying.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":857824,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/drone-flying.jpg?itok=JZTZigBo"}},"645612":{"id":"645612","type":"image","title":"Adjusting drone control system","body":null,"created":"1616434064","gmt_created":"2021-03-22 17:27:44","changed":"1616434064","gmt_changed":"2021-03-22 17:27:44","alt":"Researcher adjusting control system","file":{"fid":"245091","name":"drones2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/drones2.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/drones2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1037051,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/drones2.jpg?itok=5mVUyhE9"}},"645613":{"id":"645613","type":"image","title":"Monitoring the algorithm controlling the drones","body":null,"created":"1616434165","gmt_created":"2021-03-22 17:29:25","changed":"1616434165","gmt_changed":"2021-03-22 17:29:25","alt":"Monitoring the control system","file":{"fid":"245092","name":"drones4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/drones4.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/drones4.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1471074,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/drones4.jpg?itok=xVwa-tEa"}}},"media_ids":["645610","645611","645612","645613"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"},{"id":"187353","name":"drone"},{"id":"172051","name":"control system"},{"id":"187354","name":"parcel delivery"},{"id":"187355","name":"package delivery"},{"id":"7264","name":"autonomous"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39521","name":"Robotics"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"642332":{"#nid":"642332","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Will Help Manage DOE\u2019s Savannah River Laboratory","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Battelle Savannah River Alliance (BRSA) \u0026ndash; which includes Georgia Tech \u0026ndash; has been selected by the Department of Energy to manage one of the country\u0026rsquo;s premier environmental, energy, and national security research facilities\u0026mdash;the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEmploying approximately 1,000 staff, SRNL conducts research and development for diverse federal agencies, providing practical, cost-effective solutions for the nation\u0026rsquo;s environmental, nuclear security, energy, and manufacturing challenges. As the U.S. Department of Energy\u0026rsquo;s (DOE\u0026rsquo;s) Environmental Management Laboratory, SRNL provides strategic scientific and technological support for the nation\u0026rsquo;s $6 billion per year waste clean-up program.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAs part of the BRSA, Georgia Tech will help manage the SRNL and guide the future growth of the lab\u0026rsquo;s core competencies while expanding collaboration with Tech\u0026rsquo;s $1 billion-per-year research program. The laboratory is located near Aiken, S.C., across the Savannah River from Augusta and Richmond County.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We are pleased to support the national interests of the Department of Energy and the impact that the SRNL has on the Augusta area,\u0026rdquo; said \u0026Aacute;ngel Cabrera, Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s president. \u0026ldquo;We look forward to expanding our collaborations with the Savannah River National Laboratory, other members of the Battelle Savannah River Alliance, and the Department of Energy.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBSRA is led by and wholly owned by Battelle, one of DOE\u0026rsquo;s leading laboratory management contractors. The BSRA Team includes five universities from the region\u0026mdash;Clemson University, Georgia Institute of Technology, South Carolina State University, University of Georgia, and University of South Carolina\u0026mdash;as well as small business partners, Longenecker \u0026amp; Associates and TechSource.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Our collaboration with the Battelle Savannah River Alliance and the Savannah River National Laboratory will provide new opportunities for our faculty and students in unique areas of research and education,\u0026rdquo; said Chaouki Abdallah, Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s executive vice president for research.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe contract includes a five-year base with five one-year options. The estimated value of the contract is $3.8 billion over the course of 10 years if all options are exercised.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We are honored by DOE\u0026rsquo;s decision to award the Savannah River National Laboratory management and operations contract to our team,\u0026rdquo; said Battelle President and CEO Lou Von Thaer. \u0026ldquo;We have the lab management experience to make a difference and we\u0026rsquo;re committed to ensuring the success of this important national resource.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;re honored and excited to have this opportunity,\u0026rdquo; said Ron Townsend, Battelle\u0026rsquo;s Executive Vice President for Global Laboratory Operations. \u0026ldquo;BSRA\u0026rsquo;s approach will ensure the delivery of high-impact science, technology and engineering solutions into the future through a significant expansion of SRNL\u0026rsquo;s core competencies. Our team offers an exciting, compelling vision for the future of SRNL and provides DOE a leadership team that will deliver with excellence.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBattelle currently has a management role at seven DOE national labs including Pacific Northwest National Lab, Brookhaven National Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab, National Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho National Lab, Los Alamos National Lab and Lawrence Livermore National Lab. It also operates the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center for the Department of Homeland Security.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Battelle Savannah River Alliance (BRSA) \u0026ndash; which includes Georgia Tech \u0026ndash; has been selected by the Department of Energy to manage one of the country\u0026rsquo;s premier environmental, energy, and national security research facilities\u0026mdash;the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech is part of a team that has been selected to manage the DOE\u0027s Savannah River National Laboratory"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2020-12-28 17:09:21","changed_gmt":"2020-12-28 17:21:22","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2020-12-28T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2020-12-28T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"642334":{"id":"642334","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech and SRNL","body":null,"created":"1609176014","gmt_created":"2020-12-28 17:20:14","changed":"1609176014","gmt_changed":"2020-12-28 17:20:14","alt":"Georgia Tech tower","file":{"fid":"244002","name":"10P1000-P22-008.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/10P1000-P22-008.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/10P1000-P22-008.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":631337,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/10P1000-P22-008.jpg?itok=olyKNG6d"}}},"media_ids":["642334","642334"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"186512","name":"Savannah River National Laboratory"},{"id":"186513","name":"SRNL"},{"id":"213","name":"energy"},{"id":"3441","name":"DOE"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39531","name":"Energy and Sustainable Infrastructure"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39511","name":"Public Service, Leadership, and Policy"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71911","name":"Earth and Environment"},{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"633605":{"#nid":"633605","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Room-temperature Bonded Interface Improves Cooling of Gallium Nitride Devices","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA room-temperature bonding technique for integrating wide bandgap materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) with thermally conducting materials such as diamond could boost the cooling effect on GaN devices and facilitate better performance through higher power levels, longer device lifetime, improved reliability, and reduced manufacturing costs. The technique could have applications for wireless transmitters, radars, satellite equipment, and other high-power and high-frequency electronic devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe technique, called surface-activated bonding, uses an ion source in a high-vacuum environment to first clean the surfaces of the GaN and diamond, which activates the surfaces by creating dangling bonds. Introducing small amounts of silicon into the ion beams facilitates forming strong atomic bonds at room temperature, allowing the direct bonding of the GaN and single-crystal diamond to fabricate high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe resulting interface layer from GaN to single-crystal diamond is just four nanometers thick, allowing heat dissipation up to two times more efficient than in the state-of-the-art GaN-on-diamond HEMTs by eliminating the low-quality diamond left over from nanocrystalline diamond growth. Diamond is currently integrated with GaN using crystalline growth techniques that produce a thicker interface layer and low-quality nanocrystalline diamond near the interface. Additionally, the new process can be done at room temperature using surface-activated bonding techniques, reducing the thermal stress applied to the devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This technique allows us to place high thermal conductivity materials much closer to the active device regions in gallium nitride,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/faculty\/s_graham\u0022\u003ESamuel Graham\u003C\/a\u003E, the Eugene C. Gwaltney Jr. School Chair and professor in Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorge W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026ldquo;The performance allows us to maximize the performance for gallium nitride on diamond systems. This will allow engineers to custom design future semiconductors for better multifunctional operation.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research, conducted in collaboration with scientists from Meisei University and Waseda University in Japan, was reported February 19 in the journal \u003Cem\u003EACS Applied Materials and Interfaces\u003C\/em\u003E. The work was supported by a multidisciplinary university research initiative (MURI) project from the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor high-power electronic applications using materials such as GaN in miniaturized devices, heat dissipation can be a limiting factor in power densities imposed on the devices. By adding a layer of diamond, which conducts heat five times better than copper, engineers have tried to spread and dissipate the thermal energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, when diamond films are grown on GaN, they must be seeded with nanocrystalline particles around 30 nanometers in diameter, and this layer of nanocrystalline diamond has low thermal conductivity \u0026ndash; which adds resistance to the flow of heat into the bulk diamond film. In addition, the growth takes place at high temperatures, which can create stress-producing cracks in the resulting transistors.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;In the currently used growth technique, you don\u0026rsquo;t really reach the high thermal conductivity properties of the microcrystalline diamond layer until you are a few microns away from the interface,\u0026rdquo; Graham said. \u0026ldquo;The materials near the interface just don\u0026rsquo;t have good thermal properties. This bonding technique allows us to start with ultra-high thermal conductivity diamond right at the interface.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBy creating a thinner interface, the surface-activated bonding technique moves the thermal dissipation closer to the GaN heat source.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Our bonding technique brings high thermal conductivity single crystal diamond closer to the hotspots in the GaN devices, which has the potential to reshape the way these devices are cooled,\u0026rdquo; said Zhe Cheng, a recent Georgia Tech Ph.D. graduate who is the paper\u0026rsquo;s first author. \u0026ldquo;And because the bonding takes place near room temperature, we can avoid thermal stresses that can damage the devices.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThat reduction in thermal stress can be significant, going from as much as 900 megapascals (MPa) to less than 100 MPa with the room temperature technique. \u0026ldquo;This low stress bonding allows for thick layers of diamond to be integrated with the GaN and provides a method for diamond integration with other semiconductor materials,\u0026rdquo; Graham said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the GaN and diamond, the technique can be used with other semiconductors, such as gallium oxide, and other thermal conductors, such as silicon carbide. Graham said the technique has broad applications to bond electronic materials where thin interfacial layers are advantageous.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This new pathway gives us the ability to mix and match materials,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;This can provide us with great electrical properties, but the clear advantage is a vastly superior thermal interface. We believe this will prove to be the best technology available so far for integrating wide bandgap materials with thermally conducting substrates.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn future work, the researchers plan to study other ion sources and evaluate other materials that could be integrated using the technique.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We have the ability to choose processing conditions as well as the substrate and semiconductor material to engineer heterogenous substrates for wide bandgap devices,\u0026rdquo; Graham said. \u0026ldquo;That allows us to choose the materials and integrate them to maximize electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to the researchers already mentioned, the paper included co-corresponding author Fengwen Mu from Meisei University and Waseda University in Japan, Luke Yates from Georgia Tech, and Tadatomo Suga from Meisei University.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) through MURI Grant No. N00014-18-1-2429. Any findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily of the Office of Naval Research.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECITATION\u003C\/strong\u003E: Zhe Cheng, Fengwen Mu, Luke Yates, Tadatomo Suga and Samuel Graham, \u0026ldquo;Interfacial Thermal Conductance across Room-Temperature-Bonded GaN\/Diamond Interfaces for GaN-on-Diamond Devices\u0026rdquo; (\u003Cem\u003EACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces\u003C\/em\u003E, 2020, 12, 8376?8384). \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.9b16959\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.9b16959\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA room-temperature bonding technique for integrating wide bandgap materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) with thermally conducting materials such as diamond could boost the cooling effect on GaN devices and facilitate better performance through higher power levels, longer device lifetime, improved reliability, and reduced manufacturing costs. The technique could have applications for wireless transmitters, radars, satellite equipment, and other high-power and high-frequency electronic devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new technique for integrating materials such as gallium nitride and thermally conducting materials could improve performance of wide bandgap devices."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2020-03-16 13:09:50","changed_gmt":"2020-03-16 13:11:45","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2020-03-16T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2020-03-16T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"633602":{"id":"633602","type":"image","title":"Interface between GaN and diamond materials","body":null,"created":"1584362726","gmt_created":"2020-03-16 12:45:26","changed":"1584362726","gmt_changed":"2020-03-16 12:45:26","alt":"Interface between diamond and gallium nitride","file":{"fid":"241092","name":"diamond-interface-GaN.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/diamond-interface-GaN.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/diamond-interface-GaN.png","mime":"image\/png","size":587306,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/diamond-interface-GaN.png?itok=GNbcfbCj"}},"633603":{"id":"633603","type":"image","title":"Studying gallium nitride-diamond interfaces","body":null,"created":"1584362879","gmt_created":"2020-03-16 12:47:59","changed":"1584362879","gmt_changed":"2020-03-16 12:47:59","alt":"Researchers study interface between gallium nitride and diamond","file":{"fid":"241093","name":"GaN-diamond002.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GaN-diamond002.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GaN-diamond002.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1765649,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/GaN-diamond002.jpg?itok=1BEzeK93"}},"633604":{"id":"633604","type":"image","title":"Polished gallium nitride - silicon carbide samples","body":null,"created":"1584363039","gmt_created":"2020-03-16 12:50:39","changed":"1584363039","gmt_changed":"2020-03-16 12:50:39","alt":"Polished gallium nitride - silicon carbide samples","file":{"fid":"241094","name":"GaN-diamond005.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GaN-diamond005.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GaN-diamond005.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1160772,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/GaN-diamond005.jpg?itok=8F43SSS0"}}},"media_ids":["633602","633603","633604"],"groups":[{"id":"217141","name":"Georgia Tech Materials Institute"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"}],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39461","name":"Manufacturing, Trade, and Logistics"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"623759":{"#nid":"623759","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Hackers Could Use Connected Cars to Gridlock Whole Cities","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the year 2026, at rush hour, your self-driving car abruptly shuts down right where it blocks traffic. You climb out to see gridlock down every street in view, then a news alert on your watch tells you that hackers have paralyzed all Manhattan traffic by randomly stranding internet-connected cars.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFlashback to July 2019, the dawn of autonomous vehicles and other connected cars, and physicists at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Multiscale Systems, Inc. have applied physics \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pre\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.100.012316\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Ein a new study\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E to simulate what it would take for future hackers to wreak exactly this widespread havoc by randomly stranding these cars. The researchers want to expand the current discussion on automotive cybersecurity, which mainly focuses on hacks that could \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/technology\/our-driverless-future\/keep-hackers-out-of-your-driverless-car\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ecrash one car\u003C\/a\u003E or run over one pedestrian, to include potential mass mayhem.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThey warn that even with increasingly tighter cyber defenses, the amount of data breached has soared in the past four years, but objects becoming hackable can convert the rising cyber threat into a potential physical menace.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Unlike most of the data breaches we hear about, hacked cars have physical consequences,\u0026rdquo; said Peter Yunker, who co-led the study and is an\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/user\/peter-yunker\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eassistant professor in Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s School of Physics\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIt may not be that hard for state, terroristic, or mischievous actors to commandeer parts of the internet of things, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.spectator.co.uk\/2018\/07\/the-dream-of-driverless-cars-is-dying\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eincluding cars\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;With cars, one of the worrying things is that currently there is effectively one central computing system, and a lot runs through it. You don\u0026rsquo;t necessarily have separate systems to run your car and run your satellite radio. If you can get into one, you may be able to get into the other,\u0026rdquo; said Jesse Silverberg of Multiscale Systems, Inc., who co-led the study with Yunker\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFreezing traffic solid\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn simulations of hacking internet-connected cars, the researchers froze traffic in Manhattan nearly solid, and it would not even take that to wreak havoc. Here are their results, and the numbers are conservative for reasons mentioned below.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Randomly stalling 20 percent of cars during rush hour would mean total traffic freeze. At 20 percent, the city has been broken up into small islands, where you may be able to inch around a few blocks, but no one would be able to move across town,\u0026rdquo; said David Yanni, a graduate research assistant in Yunker\u0026rsquo;s lab.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ENot all cars on the road would have to be connected, just enough for hackers to stall 20 percent of all cars on the road. For example, if 40 percent of all cars on the road were connected, hacking half would suffice.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EHacking 10 percent of all cars at rush hour would debilitate traffic enough to prevent emergency vehicles from expediently cutting through traffic that is inching along citywide. The same thing would happen with a 20 percent hack during intermediate daytime traffic.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers\u0026rsquo; results appear \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pre\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.100.012316\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ein the journal\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003EPhysical Review E\u003C\/em\u003E\u0026nbsp;on July 20, 2019\u003C\/a\u003E. The study is not embargoed.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Csup\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E[Ready for graduate school?\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gradadmiss.gatech.edu\/apply-now\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EHere\u0026#39;s how to apply to Georgia Tech.\u003C\/a\u003E]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIt could take less\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the city to be safe, hacking damage would have to be below that. In other cities, things could be worse.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Manhattan has a nice grid, and that makes traffic more efficient. Looking at cities without large grids like Atlanta, Boston, or Los Angeles, and we think hackers could do worse harm because a grid makes you more robust with redundancies to get to the same places down many different routes,\u0026rdquo; Yunker said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers left out factors that would likely worsen hacking damage, thus a real-world hack may require stalling even fewer cars to shut down Manhattan.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;I want to emphasize that we only considered static situations \u0026ndash; if roads are blocked or not blocked. In many cases, blocked roads spill over traffic into other roads, which we also did not include. If we were to factor in these other things, the number of cars you\u0026rsquo;d have to stall would likely drop down significantly,\u0026rdquo; Yunker said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers also did not factor in ensuing public panic nor car occupants becoming pedestrians that would further block streets or cause accidents. Nor did they consider hacks that would target cars at locations that maximize trouble.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThey also stress that they are not cybersecurity experts, nor are they saying anything about the likelihood of someone carrying out such a hack. They simply want to give security experts a calculable idea of the scale of a hack that would shut a city down.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers do have some general ideas of how to reduce the potential damage.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Split up the digital network influencing the cars to make it impossible to access too many cars through one network,\u0026rdquo; said lead author Skanka Vivek, a postdoctoral researcher in Yunker\u0026rsquo;s lab. \u0026ldquo;If you could also make sure that cars next to each other can\u0026rsquo;t be hacked at the same time that would decrease the risk of them blocking off traffic together.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETraffic jams as physics\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EYunker researches in soft matter physics, which looks at how constituent parts \u0026ndash; in this case, connected cars \u0026ndash; act as one whole physical phenomenon. The research team analyzed the movements of cars on streets with varying numbers of lanes, including how they get around stalled vehicles and found they could apply a physics approach to what they observed.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Whether traffic is halted or not can be explained by classic percolation theory used in many different fields of physics and mathematics,\u0026rdquo; Yunker said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Percolation_theory\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EPercolation theory\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is often used in materials science to determine if a desirable quality like a specific rigidity will spread throughout a material to make the final product uniformly stable. In this case, stalled cars spread to make formerly flowing streets rigid and stuck.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe shut streets would be only those in which hacked cars have cut off all lanes or in which they have become hindrances that other cars can\u0026rsquo;t maneuver around and do not include streets where hacked cars still allow traffic flow.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers chose Manhattan for their simulations because a lot of data was available on that city\u0026rsquo;s traffic patterns.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAlso READ: \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.rh.gatech.edu\/features\/connected-new-world\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech\u0026#39;s cybersecurity researchers tackle the\u0026nbsp;internet of things\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe study was coauthored by Skanda Vivek and David Yanni of Georgia Tech and Jesse Silverberg of Multiscale Systems, Inc. Any findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter \u0026amp;\u0026nbsp;Media Representative\u003C\/strong\u003E: Ben Brumfield (404-660-1408), email:\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:ben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia \u0026nbsp;30332-0181 \u0026nbsp;USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a future where\u0026nbsp;self-driving and other internet-connected cars share the roads with the rest of us, hackers could not only wreck the occasional vehicle but possibly compound attacks to gridlock whole cities by stalling out a limited percentage of connected cars. Physicists calculated how many stalled cars would cause how much mayhem.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Hackers could gridlock whole cities by stalling out a limited percentage of self-driving and other connected vehicles."}],"uid":"31759","created_gmt":"2019-07-29 15:20:09","changed_gmt":"2019-08-01 16:54:43","author":"Ben Brumfield","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2019-07-29T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2019-07-29T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"623747":{"id":"623747","type":"image","title":"Manhattan gridlock","body":null,"created":"1564409967","gmt_created":"2019-07-29 14:19:27","changed":"1564409967","gmt_changed":"2019-07-29 14:19:27","alt":"","file":{"fid":"237567","name":"New_York_City_Gridlock.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/New_York_City_Gridlock.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/New_York_City_Gridlock.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3358855,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/New_York_City_Gridlock.jpg?itok=wn1cpawR"}},"623752":{"id":"623752","type":"image","title":"Gridlock Manhattan","body":null,"created":"1564410856","gmt_created":"2019-07-29 14:34:16","changed":"1564410856","gmt_changed":"2019-07-29 14:34:16","alt":"","file":{"fid":"237571","name":"New_York_City_Gridlock.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/New_York_City_Gridlock_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/New_York_City_Gridlock_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3358855,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/New_York_City_Gridlock_0.jpg?itok=FOUWZBvu"}},"623754":{"id":"623754","type":"image","title":"Stranded connected cars block traffic","body":null,"created":"1564411039","gmt_created":"2019-07-29 14:37:19","changed":"1564411039","gmt_changed":"2019-07-29 14:37:19","alt":"","file":{"fid":"237573","name":"blocking.scenario.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/blocking.scenario.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/blocking.scenario.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":832265,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/blocking.scenario.jpg?itok=nx_r9s0l"}},"623760":{"id":"623760","type":"image","title":"Hacked Manhattan grid maps","body":null,"created":"1564414826","gmt_created":"2019-07-29 15:40:26","changed":"1564414826","gmt_changed":"2019-07-29 15:40:26","alt":"","file":{"fid":"237579","name":"Manhattan.hacked.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Manhattan.hacked.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Manhattan.hacked.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":398772,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Manhattan.hacked.jpg?itok=k3kyaT5N"}},"623757":{"id":"623757","type":"image","title":"Gridlock math","body":null,"created":"1564412526","gmt_created":"2019-07-29 15:02:06","changed":"1564412526","gmt_changed":"2019-07-29 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15:08:06","alt":"","file":{"fid":"237578","name":"Yunker.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Yunker.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Yunker.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":4750443,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Yunker.jpg?itok=g2xAvjJc"}}},"media_ids":["623747","623752","623754","623760","623757","623758"],"groups":[{"id":"1278","name":"College of Sciences"},{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"},{"id":"126011","name":"School of Physics"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"142","name":"City Planning, Transportation, and Urban Growth"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"},{"id":"151","name":"Policy, Social Sciences, and Liberal Arts"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"171930","name":"self-driving"},{"id":"169008","name":"self-driving cars"},{"id":"181813","name":"self-driving car"},{"id":"181814","name":"self-driving simulation"},{"id":"98601","name":"hacking"},{"id":"181815","name":"Hackers"},{"id":"181816","name":"Percolation"},{"id":"181817","name":"percolation threshhold"},{"id":"167045","name":"simulation"},{"id":"181818","name":"cybersceurity"},{"id":"2200","name":"Cyber Attack"},{"id":"10840","name":"cyber attacks"},{"id":"181819","name":"cyber breaches"},{"id":"181820","name":"cyber campaigns"},{"id":"960","name":"physics"},{"id":"167858","name":"soft matter"},{"id":"181821","name":"soft matter physics"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"39531","name":"Energy and Sustainable Infrastructure"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"622803":{"#nid":"622803","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Names Director for Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology has named James J. Hudgens to be the new director of the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI), Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s applied research division. Currently director of the Threat Intelligence Center (TIC) at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Hudgens will become a Georgia Tech senior vice president and GTRI\u0026rsquo;s director effective September 2, 2019.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EHudgens holds a Ph.D. in ceramic engineering from Iowa State University. He has led research and development programs in national security, cybersecurity, quantum information science, and photonic microsystems. He also led programs in data analytics, synthetic aperture radar, and airborne intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) systems before becoming director of the $265 million-per-year TIC, which has a staff of 550 professionals working in six states and 136 different laboratories.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA senior technology executive with 23 years of experience in national security research, Hudgens has also held positions at optical networking firm Mahi Networks, defense contractor Raytheon Electronic Systems, and semiconductor company Texas Instruments. In 2013, he won the Department of Energy Secretary\u0026rsquo;s Honor Award for Achievement for leading the Copperhead counter-IED program.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Jim Hudgens has extensive experience building and leading federally sponsored programs that are at the center of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s core research areas,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.research.gatech.edu\/meet-dr-chaouki-t-abdallah\u0022\u003EChaouki Abdallah\u003C\/a\u003E, Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s Executive Vice President for Research. \u0026ldquo;His experience developing and managing programs at Sandia National Laboratories and major private-sector defense contractors will support GTRI\u0026rsquo;s continued growth in service to our nation\u0026rsquo;s defense agencies and other important state and federal sponsors.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has more than 2,300 employees conducting nearly $500 million worth of research across a broad range of technology areas that focus on solving critical challenges for government and industry sponsors. GTRI is one of the world\u0026rsquo;s leading applied research and development organizations, and is an integral part of Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s research program.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Georgia Tech, through GTRI, is entrusted with a vital role in our national security,\u0026rdquo; Hudgens said. \u0026ldquo;I know firsthand that GTRI and other Georgia Tech researchers are known for the exceptional quality of their work in delivering innovative solutions to the most complex national security challenges.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;It is a great privilege for me to join the combined University System of Georgia and Georgia Tech family to develop a shared vision for how we will build on this reputation to advance one of the nation\u0026rsquo;s leading technological research universities,\u0026rdquo; he added. \u0026ldquo;I thank Georgia Tech President G.P. \u0026ldquo;Bud\u0026rdquo; Peterson, Provost Rafael Bras, and Executive Vice President Abdallah for the honor of becoming part of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s 85-year legacy of service to the state of Georgia and our nation.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn congratulating Hudgens, Peterson emphasized GTRI\u0026rsquo;s important role in the nation, region, state \u0026ndash; and Georgia Tech itself.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;For decades, the U.S. government and industry have looked to Georgia Tech \u0026ndash; in particular GTRI \u0026ndash; as they seek to find and develop effective, creative solutions in national security and other mission-critical areas,\u0026rdquo; Peterson said. \u0026ldquo;We are pleased to welcome Jim Hudgens to lead one of Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s most important missions in support of our nation, region, and state.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EHudgens\u0026rsquo; selection came after a five-month national search during which he was one of four finalists to make presentations to Georgia Tech faculty and staff.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.sandia.gov\u0022\u003ESandia National Laboratories\u003C\/a\u003E is a multi-mission laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy\u0026rsquo;s National Nuclear Security Administration. Sandia has major research and development responsibilities in nuclear deterrence, global security, defense, energy technologies, and economic competitiveness, with main facilities in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Livermore, California. Sandia is the largest of the country\u0026rsquo;s 17 national laboratories.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI conducts research through eight laboratories located on Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s midtown Atlanta campus, in a research facility near Dobbins Air Reserve Base in Smyrna, Georgia, and in Huntsville, Alabama. GTRI also has more than a dozen locations around the nation where it serves the needs of its research sponsors. GTRI\u0026rsquo;s research spans a variety of disciplines, including autonomous systems, cybersecurity, electromagnetics, electronic warfare, modeling and simulation, sensors, systems engineering, test and evaluation, and threat systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Assistance\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology has named James J. Hudgens to be the new director of the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s applied research division. Currently director of the Threat Intelligence Center (TIC) at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Hudgens will become a Georgia Tech senior vice president and GTRI\u0026rsquo;s director effective September 2, 2019.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Institute of Technology has named James J. Hudgens to be the new director of the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), Georgia Tech\u2019s applied research division. "}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2019-06-27 10:58:59","changed_gmt":"2019-06-27 12:50:51","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"622802":{"id":"622802","type":"image","title":"James J. Hudgens","body":null,"created":"1561632650","gmt_created":"2019-06-27 10:50:50","changed":"1561632650","gmt_changed":"2019-06-27 10:50:50","alt":"James J. Hudgens photo","file":{"fid":"237192","name":"james-hudgens-2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/james-hudgens-2.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/james-hudgens-2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":198333,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/james-hudgens-2.jpg?itok=5OlY3sRw"}}},"media_ids":["622802","622802"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"1366","name":"defense"},{"id":"181593","name":"James Hudgens"},{"id":"181594","name":"Jim Hudgens"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"167571","name":"Sandia"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39521","name":"Robotics"},{"id":"39541","name":"Systems"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71871","name":"Campus and Community"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"621537":{"#nid":"621537","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Celebrates Grand Opening of Cobb County Research Facility South Campus","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) celebrated the grand opening of its Cobb County Research Facility (CCRF) on May 8 with a ribbon-cutting ceremony. Georgia Tech representatives speaking at the event included President G.P. \u0026ldquo;Bud\u0026rdquo; Peterson, Interim Director of GTRI Lora Weiss, and Executive Director of Real Estate Development Tony Zivalich. Industry partners Rod McLean of Lockheed Martin and Cobb County Commission Chairman Mike Boyce also addressed the gathering.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ELocated on Lockheed Martin\u0026rsquo;s Marietta campus and adjacent to Dobbins Air Reserve Base, the south campus, named CCRF-South, now houses four newly renovated buildings \u0026ndash; plus 20-acres of undeveloped land \u0026ndash; that have been developed into large testing and research spaces as well as renovated offices.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 52-acre acquisition was approved in November 2017, allowing Georgia Tech to complete a yearlong negotiation process for the property. The estimated $42 million expansion has allowed GTRI \u0026ndash; the only dedicated applied research division of the Institute \u0026ndash; to expand to fit its growing portfolio and staffing needs, doubling its original footprint established in 1978.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;When we moved next door to Lockheed Martin almost 40 years ago, it marked the beginning of a great partnership,\u0026rdquo; said Peterson. \u0026ldquo;This partnership involved researchers, individuals from Lockheed Martin, and people from Georgia Tech and GTRI who were all interested in developing new technologies, new techniques, and new production and manufacturing processes.\u0026rdquo; These interests will expand and continue to be fulfilled across\u0026nbsp;laboratories moving into the new GTRI Cobb County campus.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ECCRF-South will be home to four of the eight GTRI laboratories including the Aerospace, Transportation, and Advanced Systems Laboratory (ATAS); the Cybersecurity, Information Protection, and Hardware Evaluation Research Laboratory (CIPHER); the Electronic Systems Laboratory (ELSYS); and the Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory (SEAL). Laboratories on the campus will continue to research solutions and engineer technologies that support national security, economic development, health analytics, and food processing.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 350,000-square-foot research facility includes traditional office spaces, open-area collaborative spaces, an auditorium with open breakout space that doubles as a communal lunch area, multiple coffee bars, and extra space for future expansion to address GTRI\u0026rsquo;s needs in the years to come.\u0026nbsp;A second building, connected to the first through an indoor walkway to provide easy access between office and lab space, contains a large high-bay space, which will allow tractor trailer trucks to drive directly into the building\u0026rsquo;s lab spaces for assembly.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;GTRI is excited to move into this renovated, high-end technical, and modern office space with research labs and high-bay facilities on the Cobb County South Campus,\u0026rdquo; said Weiss.\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;This expansion will allow GTRI to grow its existing work in Cobb County as well as move work from the overcrowded main campus in midtown.\u0026nbsp;The new office building can house up to 600 personnel, enough room to grow for at least five years.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more than 40 years, GTRI and Lockheed Martin have collaborated on several groundbreaking projects. The expansion of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s campus facilitates an even closer relationship between the two organizations. GTRI, in partnership with Lockheed Martin, is building a community that will not only change the economic landscape of south Cobb County but also continue to strengthen GTRI\u0026rsquo;s impact on the nation\u0026rsquo;s technological advances.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EFormer Lockheed Martin building will\u0026nbsp;house GTRI research labs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI opens Cobb County Research Facility South Campus with ribbon cutting."}],"uid":"28797","created_gmt":"2019-05-08 23:13:49","changed_gmt":"2019-05-09 14:44:35","author":"Lance Wallace","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2019-05-08T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2019-05-08T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"621534":{"id":"621534","type":"image","title":"Crowd Gathers for Ribbon Cutting on GTRI Cobb County Research Facility South Campus","body":null,"created":"1557356044","gmt_created":"2019-05-08 22:54:04","changed":"1557356044","gmt_changed":"2019-05-08 22:54:04","alt":"Crowd Gathers for Ribbon Cutting on GTRI Cobb County Research Facility South Campus","file":{"fid":"236746","name":"GTRI ribbon cutting3.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting3.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting3.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3414405,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting3.jpg?itok=SM7H8xPe"}},"621533":{"id":"621533","type":"image","title":"Officials Cut the Ribbon on GTRI Cobb County Research Facility South Campus","body":null,"created":"1557355794","gmt_created":"2019-05-08 22:49:54","changed":"1557356073","gmt_changed":"2019-05-08 22:54:33","alt":"official cut the ribbon on new GTRI Cobb County Research Facility South Campus","file":{"fid":"236745","name":"GTRI ribbon cutting1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2534704,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting1.jpg?itok=KOu80vGZ"}},"621535":{"id":"621535","type":"image","title":"Interim GTRI Director Lora Weiss Speaks at Cobb County Research Facility South Campus Ribbon Cutting","body":null,"created":"1557356209","gmt_created":"2019-05-08 22:56:49","changed":"1557356209","gmt_changed":"2019-05-08 22:56:49","alt":"","file":{"fid":"236747","name":"GTRI ribbon cutting4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting4.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting4.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2067091,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/GTRI%20ribbon%20cutting4.jpg?itok=p9FbWzjC"}},"621536":{"id":"621536","type":"image","title":"GTRI Cobb County Research Facility South Campus","body":null,"created":"1557356376","gmt_created":"2019-05-08 22:59:36","changed":"1557356376","gmt_changed":"2019-05-08 22:59:36","alt":"GTRI Cobb County Research Facility South Campus exterior","file":{"fid":"236748","name":"GTRI CCRF South.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20CCRF%20South.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20CCRF%20South.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3013205,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/GTRI%20CCRF%20South.jpg?itok=wzuGU7E7"}}},"media_ids":["621534","621533","621535","621536"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"133","name":"Special Events and Guest Speakers"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"912","name":"ribbon cutting"},{"id":"177901","name":"cobb county"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"106361","name":"Business and Economic Development"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003Elance.wallace@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lance.wallace@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"609578":{"#nid":"609578","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Kosal: Space Force Unlikely to Improve U.S. Position in Space","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBy Michael Pearson\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ECreating a sixth branch of the United States military to oversee space defense \u0026mdash; a Space Force \u0026mdash; could spur technological innovation, but could just as likely cause disruption among organizations tasked with defending U.S. military and commercial interests in orbit, according to Margaret E. Kosal, an associate professor in the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESam Nunn School of International Affairs\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;at the Georgia Institute of Technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Do we need to recognize the value of space as a domain crucial to U.S. national security and our economy? Absolutely,\u0026rdquo; said\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/margaret-e-kosal\u0022\u003EKosal\u003C\/a\u003E, a former advisor for science and technology in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. \u0026ldquo;Do we need to better fund basic and applied research? Absolutely. Do we need to have more robust thinking about space as a military and commercial domain? Absolutely. Is a Space Force the best, or second- or third-best way to do that? No.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefings-statements\/remarks-vice-president-pence-future-u-s-military-space\/\u0022\u003EVice President Mike Pence announced\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;August\u0026nbsp;9, 2018 that the United States would seek to establish a U.S. Space Force as a separate branch of the military by 2020. President Donald Trump publicly proposed such a branch in June.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKosal, an expert in military technology, said it is unclear what a Space Force would do beyond the existing roles handled by other military organizations. She said it also could be a destabilizing influence internationally, inducing other nations, such as China and Russia, to stand up their own versions of a military space force.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;That may drive a militarization of space,\u0026rdquo; she said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOne possible benefit of such a service branch, she said, might be greater emphasis on basic and applied research that could help drive new discoveries.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBut, she said, a better way to do that would be to direct more money to research into space-related technologies, as well as the civilian space program.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;If a Space Force brings more attention to the importance of space and space exploration, that could be very good broadly,\u0026rdquo; she said. \u0026ldquo;If it brings more prominence and serious work regarding the role of space-based operations in a security context that could be good. If it takes away from the already good work being done in under-funded programs in the U.S. Air Force and NASA that would not be good.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Sam Nunn School of International Affairs is\u0026nbsp;a unit of the Georgia Tech\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.iac.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECreating a sixth branch of the United States military to oversee space defense \u0026mdash; a Space Force \u0026mdash;could spur technological innovation, but could just as likely cause disruption among organizations tasked with defending U.S. military and commercial interests in orbit, according to Margaret E. Kosal, a professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The proposed Space Force is not the best way to assure U.S. dominance of space, professor argues."}],"uid":"34600","created_gmt":"2018-08-10 14:06:29","changed_gmt":"2018-08-31 19:30:17","author":"mpearson34","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2018-08-10T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2018-08-10T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"606992":{"id":"606992","type":"image","title":"Margaret Kosal","body":null,"created":"1528897504","gmt_created":"2018-06-13 13:45:04","changed":"1634215882","gmt_changed":"2021-10-14 12:51:22","alt":"Maraget E. Kosal","file":{"fid":"247238","name":"MargaretKosalSquare.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/MargaretKosalSquare.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/MargaretKosalSquare.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":86796,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/MargaretKosalSquare.jpg?itok=hdYL4Mss"}}},"media_ids":["606992"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/mwi.usma.edu\/science-technology-future-warfare\/","title":"Science, Technology, and the Future of Warfare (blog post)"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"151","name":"Policy, Social Sciences, and Liberal Arts"}],"keywords":[{"id":"9620","name":"Margaret E Kosal"},{"id":"178709","name":"Space Force"},{"id":"167256","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"},{"id":"167707","name":"Space Policy"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39511","name":"Public Service, Leadership, and Policy"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71901","name":"Society and Culture"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERebecca Keane\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nDirector of Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nrebecca.keane@iac.gatech.edu\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n404.894.1720\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["rebecca.keane@iac.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"607508":{"#nid":"607508","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Merging Antenna and Electronics Boosts Energy and Spectrum Efficiency","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBy integrating the design of antenna and electronics, researchers have boosted the energy and spectrum efficiency for a new class of millimeter wave transmitters, allowing improved modulation and reduced generation of waste heat. The result could be longer talk time and higher data rates in millimeter wave wireless communication devices for future 5G applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new co-design technique allows simultaneous optimization of the millimeter wave antennas and electronics. The hybrid devices use conventional materials and integrated circuit (IC) technology, meaning no changes would be required to manufacture and package them. The co-design scheme allows fabrication of multiple transmitters and receivers on the same IC chip or the same package, potentially enabling multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems as well as boosting data rates and link diversity.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology presented their proof-of-concept antenna-based outphasing transmitter on June 11 at the 2018 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC) in Philadelphia. Their other antenna-electronics co-design work was published at the 2017 and 2018 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) and multiple peer-reviewed IEEE journals. The Intel Corporation and U.S. Army Research Office sponsored the research.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;In this proof-of-example, our electronics and antenna were designed so that they can work together to achieve a unique on-antenna outphasing active load modulation capability that significantly enhances the efficiency of the entire transmitter,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/hua-wang\u0022\u003EHua Wang\u003C\/a\u003E, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026ldquo;This system could replace many types of transmitters in wireless mobile devices, base stations and infrastructure links in data centers.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKey to the new design is maintaining a high-energy efficiency regardless whether the device is operating at its peak or average output power. The efficiency of most conventional transmitters is high only at the peak power but drops substantially at low power levels, resulting in low efficiency when amplifying complex spectrally efficient modulations. Moreover, conventional transmitters often add the outputs from multiple electronics using lossy power combiner circuits, exacerbating the efficiency degradation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We are combining the output power though a dual-feed loop antenna, and by doing so with our innovation in the antenna and electronics, we can substantially improve the energy efficiency,\u0026rdquo; said Wang, who is the Demetrius T. Paris Professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\u0026nbsp; \u0026ldquo;The innovation in this particular design is to merge the antenna and electronics to achieve the so-called outphasing operation that dynamically modulates and optimizes the output voltages and currents of power transistors, so that the millimeter wave transmitter maintains a high energy efficiency both at the peak and average power.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond energy efficiency, the co-design also facilitates spectrum efficiency by allowing more complex modulation protocols. That will enable transmission of a higher data rate within the fixed spectrum allocation that poses a significant challenge for 5G systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Within the same channel bandwidth, the proposed transmitter can transmit six to ten times higher data rate,\u0026rdquo; Wang said. \u0026ldquo;Integrating the antenna gives us more degrees of freedom to explore design innovation, something that could not be done before.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESensen Li, a Georgia Tech graduate research assistant who received the Best Student Paper Award at the 2018 RFIC symposium, said the innovation resulted from bringing together two disciplines that have traditionally worked separately.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We are merging the technologies of electronics and antennas, bringing these two disciplines together to break through limits,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;These improvements could not be achieved by working on them independently. By taking advantage of this new co-design concept, we can further improve the performance of future wireless transmitters.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new designs have been implemented in 45-nanometer CMOS SOI IC devices and flip-chip packaged on high-frequency laminate boards, where testing has confirmed a minimum two-fold increase in energy efficiency, Wang said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe antenna electronics co-design is enabled by exploring the unique nature of multi-feed antennas.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;An antenna structure with multiple feeds allows us to use multiple electronics to drive the antenna concurrently. Different from conventional single-feed antennas, multi-feed antennas can serve not only as radiating elements, but they can also function as signal processing units that interface among multiple electronic circuits,\u0026rdquo; Wang explained. \u0026ldquo;This opens a completely new design paradigm to have different electronic circuits driving the antenna collectively with different but optimized signal conditions, achieving unprecedented energy efficiency, spectral efficiency and reconfigurability.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe cross-disciplinary co-design could also facilitate fabrication and operation of multiple transmitters and receivers on the same chip, allowing hundreds or even thousands of elements to work together as a whole system. \u0026ldquo;In massive MIMO systems, we need to have a lot of transmitters and receivers, so energy efficiency will become even more important,\u0026rdquo; Wang noted.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EHaving large numbers of elements working together becomes more practical at millimeter wave frequencies because the wavelength reduction means elements can be placed closer together to achieve compact systems, he pointed out. These factors could pave the way for new types of beamforming that are essential in future millimeter wave 5G systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EPower demands could drive adoption of the technology for battery-powered devices, but Wang says the technology could also be useful for grid-powered systems such as base stations or wireless connections to replace cables in large data centers. In those applications, expanding data rates and reducing cooling needs could make the new devices attractive.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Higher energy efficiency also means less energy will be converted to heat that must be removed to satisfy the thermal management,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;In large data centers, even a small reduction in thermal load per device can add up. We hope to simplify the thermal requirements of these electronic devices.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, the research team included Taiyun Chi, Huy Thong Nguyen and Tzu-Yuan Huang, all from Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Research could lead to longer talk time and higher data rates in 5G devices"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBy integrating the design of antenna and electronics, researchers have boosted the energy and spectrum efficiency for a new class of millimeter wave transmitters, allowing improved modulation and reduced generation of waste heat. The result could be longer talk time and higher data rates in millimeter wave wireless communication devices for future 5G applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Co-design of antenna and electronics could lead to improved performance in millimeter wave transmitters."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2018-07-04 18:20:22","changed_gmt":"2018-07-05 12:25:31","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2018-07-05T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2018-07-05T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"607505":{"id":"607505","type":"image","title":"Measuring millimeter wave transmitter output1","body":null,"created":"1530727805","gmt_created":"2018-07-04 18:10:05","changed":"1530727805","gmt_changed":"2018-07-04 18:10:05","alt":"Measuring output from millimeter wave transmitters","file":{"fid":"231732","name":"co-design-014.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/co-design-014.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/co-design-014.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2202243,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/co-design-014.jpg?itok=tXJR0UTa"}},"607506":{"id":"607506","type":"image","title":"Measuring millimeter wave transmitter output2","body":null,"created":"1530727905","gmt_created":"2018-07-04 18:11:45","changed":"1530727905","gmt_changed":"2018-07-04 18:11:45","alt":"Measuring output from millimeter wave transmitters","file":{"fid":"231733","name":"codesign-015.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/codesign-015.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/codesign-015.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1911673,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/codesign-015.jpg?itok=ZoLhkY0D"}},"607507":{"id":"607507","type":"image","title":"Millimeter wave transmitters","body":null,"created":"1530728014","gmt_created":"2018-07-04 18:13:34","changed":"1530728014","gmt_changed":"2018-07-04 18:13:34","alt":"Millimeter wave transmitter","file":{"fid":"231734","name":"codesign-018.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/codesign-018.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/codesign-018.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2015381,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/codesign-018.jpg?itok=E2wD8Y3e"}}},"media_ids":["607505","607506","607507"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7405","name":"transmitter"},{"id":"172364","name":"5G"},{"id":"178470","name":"millimeter wave"},{"id":"2616","name":"antenna"},{"id":"609","name":"electronics"},{"id":"178471","name":"co-design"},{"id":"433","name":"IC"},{"id":"67901","name":"Hua Wang"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"606177":{"#nid":"606177","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Faster Detection, Cleanup of Network Infections are Goals of $12.8 Million Project","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECybersecurity researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have been awarded a $12.8 million contract to develop fundamentally new techniques designed to dramatically accelerate the detection and remediation of infections in local and remote networks. Using novel machine learning techniques that take advantage of large datasets, the researchers will develop ways to detect network infections within 24 hours \u0026ndash; before invaders can do serious damage.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe technical goal for the new system, dubbed \u0026ldquo;Gnomon,\u0026rdquo; is to detect changes in individual computer systems by analyzing suspicious network traffic that appears weeks or months before any evidence of malicious software \u0026ndash; or malware \u0026ndash; can be identified. As a proof-of-concept, the researchers will work with two major U.S. telecommunication companies and several petabytes of data in basic research aimed at detecting signals of malicious activity on their networks.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFunded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the four-year award is part of the agency\u0026rsquo;s Harnessing Autonomy for Countering Cyberadversary Systems (HACCS) program. Beyond rapid detection of infections, the project will also accelerate the cleanup after such infections, creating a clearer pathway in a process known as remediation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;A compromise becomes a breach only if the original infection remains undetected long enough for the adversaries to do damage,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/manos-antonakakis\u0022\u003EManos Antonakakis\u003C\/a\u003E, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E and the project\u0026rsquo;s co-principal investigator. \u0026ldquo;If you look at the major breaches that have occurred, you see that the adversaries were in the systems for months. We want to identify them in a matter of hours to contain the infection before any real damage can be done.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new techniques to be developed will address the realization that network attacks cannot be completely blocked by existing defenses and malware-based detection systems. Dynamic intelligence will be a key feature of the system, with the intent of creating a continuously-updated dossier of every address in IPv4 space.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Gnomon will search for illicit behavior in computer systems and network signals that indicate the start of an infection,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.iisp.gatech.edu\/michael-farrell\u0022\u003EMichael Farrell\u003C\/a\u003E, chief strategist at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI), and the principal investigator on the program. \u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;ll use our experience with taking down botnets \u0026ndash; networks of infected computers \u0026ndash; to accelerate the detection and remediation process. It\u0026rsquo;s imperative to evolve our view of the internetwork infrastructure at the same pace that the threat evolves.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETo protect millions of computers on the networks of the two companies, the researchers must find ways to identify troubling behavior on individual IP addresses without endangering the privacy of individuals. Among the signs of trouble are communications with network locations known to house malicious activity. Such communication is necessary for malicious groups to control computers that have been compromised, and to move data stolen from them.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;If you know where the infecting groups are located, you can very easily exclude most of the benign activities occurring on the network,\u0026rdquo; Antonakakis said. \u0026ldquo;We need to be able to identify what has changed in computers throughout the network, understand why the change has happened, and determine whether that change can be attributed to benign or malicious activity. This is a groundbreaking new approach to network security that will require tremendous computing power and infrastructure.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEver since the first viruses hit computers in the 1980s, cybersecurity has seen rapid evolution of detection and attack tactics. The success of Gnomon will likely drive adversaries to new attack techniques that may be more complex \u0026ndash; and expensive \u0026ndash; than existing activities. Making cyberattacks more costly to launch may reduce the profit from such activities, making them less attractive.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;If we can clean up our networks faster and more efficiently, that will increase the cost of the attack, making the adversaries work harder,\u0026rdquo; Antonakakis said. \u0026ldquo;If you raise the cost of an attack, the return on investment becomes smaller, while the risk of getting identified becomes higher. We would like to make the business of an attack so unprofitable and so risky for the adversaries that it will not make sense for them to conduct major operations in our networks.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESuccess in developing new techniques with the first two telecommunication companies could open the door for scaling up Gnomon to other large networks in industry \u0026ndash; and to U.S. government systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Not only will deployment have an obvious benefit of improved hygiene for a significant portion of the U.S. internet infrastructure, but the public-private partnership will allow us to provide valuable feedback throughout the HACCS program on the sort of prototypes that will be necessary to have true business and mission impact in the real world,\u0026rdquo; Farrell said. \u0026ldquo;The goals are very ambitious, but if we\u0026rsquo;re successful, we\u0026rsquo;ll be able to close the gap between an infection and remediation.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThis program is the latest interdisciplinary research collaboration in cybersecurity at Georgia Tech, orchestrated by the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.iisp.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EInstitute for Information Security \u0026amp; Privacy\u003C\/a\u003E (IISP). In addition to the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and GTRI, the project will include Professor Brian Kennedy from Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s School of Physics.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAttribution of malicious cyber activity is an established research thrust at Georgia Tech, and this new contract builds on the early success of another Department of Defense (DoD) sponsored program to enhance attribution. The \u0026ldquo;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.rh.gatech.edu\/news\/584327\/17-million-contract-will-help-establish-science-cyber-attribution\u0022\u003ERhamnousia\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026rdquo; program is now a $25.3 million contract being led by the same research team of Farrell and Antonakakis.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis material is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract number HR001118C0057. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECybersecurity researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have been awarded a $12.8 million contract to develop fundamentally new techniques designed to dramatically accelerate the detection and remediation of infections in local and remote networks. Using novel machine learning techniques that take advantage of large datasets, the researchers will develop ways to detect network infections within 24 hours \u0026ndash; before invaders can do serious damage.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech has received a $12.8 contract award to accelerate detection of network infections."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2018-05-14 23:21:03","changed_gmt":"2018-05-14 23:22:44","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2018-05-14T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2018-05-14T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"606175":{"id":"606175","type":"image","title":"Countering network threats","body":null,"created":"1526339229","gmt_created":"2018-05-14 23:07:09","changed":"1526339229","gmt_changed":"2018-05-14 23:07:09","alt":"Cybersecurity graphic with binary code","file":{"fid":"231194","name":"cybersecurity-101.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cybersecurity-101.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cybersecurity-101.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":914652,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cybersecurity-101.jpg?itok=e_r0Aqjd"}},"606176":{"id":"606176","type":"image","title":"Computer servers","body":null,"created":"1526339409","gmt_created":"2018-05-14 23:10:09","changed":"1526339409","gmt_changed":"2018-05-14 23:10:09","alt":"Computer server room","file":{"fid":"231195","name":"servers-058.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/servers-058.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/servers-058.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1046871,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/servers-058.jpg?itok=Wp4-S4gp"}}},"media_ids":["606175","606176"],"groups":[{"id":"545781","name":"Institute for Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"430601","name":"Institute for Information Security and Privacy"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"177979","name":"cybersecurity. network"},{"id":"7772","name":"malware"},{"id":"10660","name":"infection"},{"id":"9167","name":"machine learning"},{"id":"173795","name":"Manos Antonakakis"},{"id":"177980","name":"Michael Farrell"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"605972":{"#nid":"605972","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Helping the Air Force Search for Actionable Intelligence Worldwide","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETwenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, analysts huddle around computer screens in U.S. Air Force facilities around the world scanning for information that might require immediate action. These analysts are part of the Air Force Distributed Common Ground System (AF DCGS), which is designed to sift through vast amounts of information for \u0026ldquo;needles in the haystack\u0026rdquo; that are critical to national security.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) are supporting the mission of AF DCGS in a broad range of ways. GTRI is providing expertise from subject matter experts in an array of sensing areas in which GTRI researchers have extensive experience supporting the development and prototyping of new services needed by the Air Force, conducting training and technology transfer activities for DCGS personnel, and providing advice on the information technology that underlies the DCGS to the programmers who maintain and enhance the system.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBy modeling the flow of information through the DCGS, GTRI is helping the Air Force continuously improve the system, boosting efficiency and enhancing its ability to bring together the massive data sets that quickly provide critical information.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;For the Air Force analysts sitting at these workstations around the clock, we want to make sure they get the information they need as quickly, accurately, and efficiently as possible,\u0026rdquo; said Molly Gary, a GTRI principal research scientist who has led the project for nearly five years. \u0026ldquo;We want to help the Air Force improve the fusion of data so the analysts can more quickly get an understanding of what it all means and provide actionable intelligence to the commanders.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe DCGS is the primary intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platform for the U.S. Air Force. As part of its operation, more than a thousand analysts sift through a broad range of information, including real-time video, geospatial intelligence, intelligence collected by humans in the field, electronic signals, and other sources to create regular reports on what is happening in global trouble spots.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Air Force system provides globally-integrated ISR capabilities and feeds into subsystems operated by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and other agencies that provide information at the unit level.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe system is complex, dating back to the 1960s and involving more than two dozen facilities around the world. DCGS has been built by a number of different vendors, contributing to a \u0026ldquo;stovepipe\u0026rdquo; system in which analysts on one part of the system do not necessarily have visibility into what analysts in other parts of the system are doing. Other challenges include disparate hardware and software systems, duplicated applications, differing operating systems, redundant software solutions, network security requirements, and a variety of information technology (IT) procedures.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETo address these challenges, the Air Force is adopting an open architecture strategy in which systems are more standardized and the connections between specialized areas are more transparent \u0026ndash; with a goal of making the system modular, more efficient and less expensive to operate. As an independent not-for-profit university-based organization, GTRI is helping map out the full system and how it is connected to the flow of data from one part to another \u0026ndash; and ultimately provides information useful to warfighters.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;By going to an open architecture system, the goal is to break down the barriers between different stovepipes to realize more efficiencies,\u0026rdquo; said Louis Tirino, a GTRI senior research engineer who\u0026rsquo;s also supporting the project. \u0026ldquo;We can help leverage a lot of existing and new technologies that are available to break down those barriers to bringing data together. Ultimately, this will help reduce costs for the Air Force and ease the management burden.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ERegents Researcher Bill Melvin and Principal Research Engineer Alan Nussbaum teamed together and initiated the partnership with AF DCGS. The program is also supported by GEOINT Specialist and Senior Research Engineer Kyle L. Davis, and SIGINT Specialist and Senior Research Associate Clayton Besse. Several of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s eight laboratories are involved in different portions of the program.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOver the past six years, GTRI has been engaged in multiple DCGS tasks. Among them was Project Liberty, which developed and deployed a Forward Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (FPED) system to analyze real-time, full-motion video, signals intelligence, and other information to provide critical information to field commanders. The system was delivered just eight months after it was proposed.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0026rsquo;s support to DCGS builds on earlier work done to improve the capabilities of the Nation\u0026rsquo;s Multi-Disciplinary Intelligence (Multi-INT) system, which monitors incoming data. GTRI\u0026#39;s work in that effort, known as the Multi-INT (MINT) Data Fusion System, helped automate and rapidly transform functions within the intelligence process to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of analysts working on this task.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMINT also addressed issues of improving network bandwidth and information processing power to help human analysts stay on top of incoming data by focusing on the most significant information. It used the STINGER Graph tool, developed by GTRI, to assist in identifying relations between data.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the GTRI researchers, the DCGS work is rewarding because it supports the people who risk their lives in the field.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Ultimately, the entire weapons system is to help the analyst and warfighter do their jobs,\u0026rdquo; said Tirino. \u0026ldquo;By breaking down these barriers across the different lanes of incoming information, we can help make the information more readily accessible to the analyst. All of this is here to support the warfighters.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are supporting the mission of Air Force Distributed Common Ground System in a broad range of ways. GTRI is providing expertise from subject matter experts in an array of sensing areas in which GTRI researchers have extensive experience supporting the development and prototyping of new services needed by the Air Force, conducting training and technology transfer activities for DCGS personnel, and providing advice on the information technology that underlies the DCGS to the programmers who maintain and enhance the system.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI researchers are supporting the Air Force Distributed Common Ground System."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2018-05-08 20:57:46","changed_gmt":"2018-05-08 20:59:36","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2018-05-08T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2018-05-08T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"605969":{"id":"605969","type":"image","title":"Air Force Distributed Common Ground System","body":null,"created":"1525812421","gmt_created":"2018-05-08 20:47:01","changed":"1525812421","gmt_changed":"2018-05-08 20:47:01","alt":"Air Force Distributed Common Ground System","file":{"fid":"231099","name":"air-force-photo.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/air-force-photo.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/air-force-photo.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":639248,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/air-force-photo.jpg?itok=paBu0ME9"}},"605970":{"id":"605970","type":"image","title":"Warner Robins-based GTRI Team","body":null,"created":"1525812543","gmt_created":"2018-05-08 20:49:03","changed":"1525812543","gmt_changed":"2018-05-08 20:49:03","alt":"GTRI team working on AF DCGS","file":{"fid":"231100","name":"Ground-System2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Ground-System2.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Ground-System2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":882345,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Ground-System2.jpg?itok=x4qATddf"}},"605971":{"id":"605971","type":"image","title":"Atlanta-based GTRI Distributed Ground System team","body":null,"created":"1525812697","gmt_created":"2018-05-08 20:51:37","changed":"1525812697","gmt_changed":"2018-05-08 20:51:37","alt":"Atlanta-based GTRI team working on AF DCGS","file":{"fid":"231101","name":"N18C10200-P23-002.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/N18C10200-P23-002.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/N18C10200-P23-002.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":555012,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/N18C10200-P23-002.jpg?itok=KxxtNzKT"}}},"media_ids":["605969","605970","605971"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"2633","name":"Air Force"},{"id":"177907","name":"Distributed Common Ground System"},{"id":"177908","name":"AF DCGS"},{"id":"177910","name":"Molly Gary"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"604623":{"#nid":"604623","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Human Factors Research Helps Accelerate Mission Planning","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe key to a successful flight mission is planning \u0026ndash; sometimes several hours of it. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) specialists in human factors and human computer interfaces are working with NAVAIR PMA-281, Strike Planning and Execution Systems in Patuxent River, Maryland, to streamline the current mission planning process and identify user interface requirements supporting multi-domain mission management in next-generation naval planning capabilities.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWith guidance from the GTRI researchers, the project will improve usability of the mission planning software tools, creating a more consistent and intuitive screen design that\u0026rsquo;s easier to learn and more logical to follow. This effort could benefit all Department of Defense (DoD) agencies for collaborative mission planning.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We are working with Navy and Marine Corps aviators to identify areas in mission planning where work-flow can be streamlined, reducing the time required to mission plan,\u0026rdquo; said Marcia Crosland, project director for GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Joint Mission Planning System (JMPS) User Interface Design and Usability efforts. \u0026ldquo;Our task has been to define the user interface concepts and decision-making tools to help reduce the time required for mission planning. We\u0026rsquo;ve created detailed designs and specifications to direct current and future development of mission planning systems.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMission planning needs to support the ability to collaboratively plan missions involving multiple aircraft but currently does not have that capability. The planning challenge can be quite complex, involving multiple targets, ground-based threats, different aircraft types and a variety of weapons systems. The most complex part of the process is often done by multiple pilots using whiteboards, paper, and spreadsheets to combine relevant information, consider alternatives, and reveal complicated issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EInformation from the whiteboarding process is then entered into the software system, which produces the mission plans that go on board the aircraft. The GTRI human factors team realized that supporting these whiteboarding activities in the mission planning system could accelerate the mission planning process, and they created new designs to support this functionality.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We are making recommendations for how the Navy can streamline the process and move it all into the digital world to eliminate the paper and whiteboard processes,\u0026rdquo; said Crosland. \u0026ldquo;That will allow aircrews to plan a mission more efficiently, reducing the time required and potentially highlighting places where automated decision-making tools could be brought into the process.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EShe added: \u0026ldquo;We tried to understand the tasks of the user and therefore how the workflow could be streamlined. From that, we designed user interfaces that better implement the tasks, and we developed a style guide to help the DoD software programmers who were implementing it.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAt each iteration of the process, prototype interface designs were evaluated with experts. In some cases, those experts visited the GTRI team in Atlanta to review and discuss the designs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We took them through each of the screens to find out what is intuitive to them and what is not,\u0026rdquo; Crosland said. \u0026ldquo;We did this multiple times with different user groups to make sure we had a good set of interface concepts. In this work, it\u0026rsquo;s critical to involve the intended users of the system.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team has applied lessons learned from a variety of domains \u0026ndash; desktop and web design, and commercial and military applications. For instance, shortening the distance between buttons on a screen, reducing the number of clicks necessary for a task, consolidating screens, and providing a consistent workflow direction make a digital system easier and faster to use \u0026ndash; whether it\u0026rsquo;s a website or mission planning system.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We want to make the system a companion for the aircrews so they consider it a partner in these critical processes,\u0026rdquo; she added. In one case, the researchers were able to consolidate nine separate screens, each with different tabs, into a single screen.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;At the root of all user interface design, whether it\u0026rsquo;s web or something else, is creating a time-efficient task that is intuitive so using it takes less time and less training and creates fewer errors,\u0026rdquo; Crosland said. \u0026ldquo;If you can cut down on errors because users understand the system, it will make the system more efficient.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0026rsquo;s Human Systems Engineering Branch (HSEB) has been in operation for more than 30 years to help improve the interaction between warfighters and the technologies they use.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We have significant experience in understanding the domains of mission planning and mission execution, and the components that make technology easier to use,\u0026rdquo; Crosland said. \u0026ldquo;We use established design standards customized for a particular format, whether it\u0026rsquo;s a mobile tablet or standard computer.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to Crosland, the GTRI team includes more than 20 people. The leadership component includes Tommer Ender, director of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Electronic Systems Laboratory (ELSYS); Adam McCorkle and J.D. Fassett, both associate directors in ELSYS; Debra Jones, head of ELSYS\u0026rsquo;s HSEB, and C.J. Hutto, associate branch head for HSEB.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project\u0026rsquo;s analysis and design team has included Buddy Ray, Stuart Michelson, Andrew Baranak, Vlad Pop, Liz Weldon, Chandler Price, Courtney Crooks, Chris Hale, Mike Fitzpatrick, Robert Kempf; technical advisor John Huggins; HCI graduate students Catherine Johnson, Sarah Brooks and Rachel Chen, undergraduate students Megan Eberle and Spencer Frum; and other GTRI subject matter experts.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe key to a successful flight mission is planning \u0026ndash; sometimes several hours of it. Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) specialists in human factors and human computer interfaces are working with PMA-281, Strike Planning and Execution Systems in Patuxent River, Maryland, to streamline the current mission planning process and identify user interface requirements supporting multi-domain mission management in next-generation naval planning capabilities.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI researchers are helping streamline the mission planning process for aircrews."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2018-04-03 13:40:35","changed_gmt":"2018-04-09 14:27:28","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2018-04-03T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2018-04-03T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"604613":{"id":"604613","type":"image","title":"Interface issues for mission planning","body":null,"created":"1522761590","gmt_created":"2018-04-03 13:19:50","changed":"1522761590","gmt_changed":"2018-04-03 13:19:50","alt":"Discussing interface issues for mission planning","file":{"fid":"230500","name":"mission-planning4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mission-planning4.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mission-planning4.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":445694,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/mission-planning4.jpg?itok=0dF8PRgC"}},"604615":{"id":"604615","type":"image","title":"Analyzing the mission planning task","body":null,"created":"1522761912","gmt_created":"2018-04-03 13:25:12","changed":"1522761912","gmt_changed":"2018-04-03 13:25:12","alt":"Researchers analyze the mission planning task","file":{"fid":"230502","name":"mission-planning12.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mission-planning12.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mission-planning12.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":438607,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/mission-planning12.jpg?itok=C08YGwDz"}},"604617":{"id":"604617","type":"image","title":"Screen capture of interface project","body":null,"created":"1522761998","gmt_created":"2018-04-03 13:26:38","changed":"1522761998","gmt_changed":"2018-04-03 13:26:38","alt":"Interface concept under devleopment","file":{"fid":"230503","name":"GTRI Imagine 1.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20Imagine%201.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/GTRI%20Imagine%201.png","mime":"image\/png","size":1164756,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/GTRI%20Imagine%201.png?itok=zP17sD2o"}},"604619":{"id":"604619","type":"image","title":"Translating mission requirements to interface design","body":null,"created":"1522762137","gmt_created":"2018-04-03 13:28:57","changed":"1522762137","gmt_changed":"2018-04-03 13:28:57","alt":"Translating mission requirements to interface design","file":{"fid":"230504","name":"mission-planning1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mission-planning1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mission-planning1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":699108,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/mission-planning1.jpg?itok=TCpuUcBc"}},"604622":{"id":"604622","type":"image","title":"Identifying design requirements","body":null,"created":"1522762244","gmt_created":"2018-04-03 13:30:44","changed":"1522762244","gmt_changed":"2018-04-03 13:30:44","alt":"Identifying design requirements for mission planning interface","file":{"fid":"230505","name":"mission-planning7.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mission-planning7.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mission-planning7.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":541639,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/mission-planning7.jpg?itok=wWD9cX5m"}}},"media_ids":["604613","604615","604617","604619","604622"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"177615","name":"mission planning"},{"id":"2815","name":"interface"},{"id":"177616","name":"human computer interface"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"7142","name":"human factors"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"603484":{"#nid":"603484","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Modernizing Information Systems to Support a New Generation of Army Families","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWith their loved ones sometimes deployed far away from home, potentially in harm\u0026rsquo;s way, the families of soldiers face challenging circumstances that can place a strain on everyday life.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThat\u0026rsquo;s what led the Army more than five decades ago to establish the Army Community Service (ACS), a program designed to provide a vast array of social services to soldiers\u0026rsquo; families such as support for new parents, financial counseling and help finding a job.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ENow, the ACS is looking ahead at novel ways to improve how services are delivered and is working with the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) on a sweeping project to revamp its collection of information systems \u0026ndash; key tools used by staff members providing services to Army families.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe goal is to make the software smarter, faster, easier to use, and in the long run enable Army leaders to leverage data from the systems to gain new insights that could help shape future services.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The primary driver for this project was to transform a proprietary and antiquated Army system into a more efficient cloud-friendly environment to enable better service delivery by providing robust access to applications that are vital to accomplishing our customer support missions,\u0026rdquo; said David B. Severson, a program specialist at the Army\u0026rsquo;s Installation Management Command.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA big part of the effort, which began in 2015, is building systems that can track and process data being gathered by ACS staff members across the Army.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;These systems support the Army\u0026rsquo;s mission to help make soldiers and their families more ready to respond to life\u0026rsquo;s challenges,\u0026rdquo; said Sheila Isbell, a senior research scientist who is leading GTRI\u0026rsquo;s support for the project. \u0026ldquo;The Army\u0026rsquo;s needs outgrew its current information systems, and as a result we\u0026rsquo;re helping to build platforms using cloud-based open architectures that will make the software much more capable and easier to maintain and upgrade over time.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project involves the transformation of eight separate information systems and unifying them through a new web interface \u0026ndash; called the Army Family Web Portal (AFWP). ACS staff members will be able to gain access to all of the systems through a single sign-on.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA key design approach throughout the rebuilding process is presenting data-entry forms that make it easier to capture the right information and reduce the likelihood of missing or incomplete data.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;They needed a system that supported the uploading of that data in a more comprehensive way,\u0026rdquo; said Margarita Gonzalez, a senior research associate at GTRI, who is helping lead the project. \u0026ldquo;Sometimes something as simple as using a drop-down menu rather than an open field makes all the difference in whether a form is completed properly. That then allows for the information in the system to be more complete, more precise and searchable.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor example, one of the early systems the project team got up and running helped Army leaders keep track of data that required regular review and assessment. That process, which previously had involved collecting information from several different divisions within ACS across the country, typically lasted for weeks. The new system enabled Army leads to cull that data in a matter of days.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;re designing software that allows them to respond quicker to trends they\u0026rsquo;re noticing among their families,\u0026rdquo; Isbell said. \u0026ldquo;Rather than looking at data retrospectively, this new portal will allow them to look at live data so that in some cases they can take action immediately.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother key aspect of the project includes building a secure system that allows all of the different information databases that support each service program to share information or send reports to other databases.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThat feature will come into play for the modernized Volunteer Management Information System (VMIS), which is one of the information systems that is used directly by Army families. VMIS helps track volunteer hours, among other information, for the Army Volunteer Corps., a program that places civilian volunteers into needed roles at an Army installation \u0026ndash; providing a valuable service for the Army while potentially helping volunteers gain work experience that could be useful for career advancement. The transformed cloud-based VMIS will make keeping track of those hours and sharing that information much easier.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Through the enhanced reporting feature, data will become more readily available to program managers who analyze the program trends,\u0026rdquo; Severson said. \u0026ldquo;This will ultimately assist in making data driven decisions in ACS program improvements.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor Army social workers, a big part of their job is generating reports that can be used by Army leaders to gain insight into the trends happening at individual installations or throughout the Army. GTRI\u0026rsquo;s task is to create a software suite that makes reporting easier as well.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;If you have a system that better handles the data and generates reports and feedback, as well as one that on the front end that makes it easier for staff members to input, it frees up a lot of time both at the leadership level and at the service-delivery level,\u0026rdquo; Isbell said. \u0026ldquo;It allows leaders to analyze the data faster and really dig into what that information is telling them, and staff members to be better able to provide services to Army families.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn building the new cloud-based software suite, the GTRI team is also laying the foundation for software that will stand the test of time with an open-source platform as opposed to a closed, proprietary system.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The idea was to build something that is sustainable for years and years, and make it so that the Army does not have a hard time finding contractors who can make changes and updates,\u0026rdquo; Isbell said. \u0026ldquo;An open source platform is essential to that longevity.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe open platform can also help the Army keep down costs over time.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Through the years, the legacy system was limited to only a few support vendors because of its proprietary state,\u0026rdquo; Severson said. \u0026ldquo;The new system focuses on an open source foundation to allow greater flexibility in vendor contract support.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Assistance\u003C\/strong\u003E: Josh Brown (404-385-0500) (josh.brown@comm.gatech.edu) or John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu)\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Josh Brown\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is helping the Army Community Services on a sweeping project to revamp its collection of information systems \u0026ndash; key tools used by staff members providing services to Army families.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI is helping the Army Community Service upgrade its information systems. "}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2018-03-08 00:48:36","changed_gmt":"2018-03-08 00:50:01","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2018-03-07T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2018-03-07T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"603481":{"id":"603481","type":"image","title":"GTRI researchers support the Army Community Service","body":null,"created":"1520469526","gmt_created":"2018-03-08 00:38:46","changed":"1520469526","gmt_changed":"2018-03-08 00:38:46","alt":"GTRI researchers Sheila Isbell and Margarita Gonzalez","file":{"fid":"230029","name":"Army_modernization-102-lg.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Army_modernization-102-lg.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Army_modernization-102-lg.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1161841,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Army_modernization-102-lg.jpg?itok=noJn7hak"}},"603482":{"id":"603482","type":"image","title":"GTRI researchers support the Army Community Service-2","body":null,"created":"1520469635","gmt_created":"2018-03-08 00:40:35","changed":"1520469635","gmt_changed":"2018-03-08 00:40:35","alt":"GTRI researchers Sheila Isbell and Margarita Gonzalez","file":{"fid":"230030","name":"Army_modernization-106-lg.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Army_modernization-106-lg.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Army_modernization-106-lg.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1427043,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Army_modernization-106-lg.jpg?itok=Ch1diien"}},"603483":{"id":"603483","type":"image","title":"GTRI researchers support the Army Community Service - 3","body":null,"created":"1520469730","gmt_created":"2018-03-08 00:42:10","changed":"1520469730","gmt_changed":"2018-03-08 00:42:10","alt":"GTRI researchers Sheila Isbell and Margarita Gonzalez","file":{"fid":"230031","name":"Army_modernization-107-lg.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Army_modernization-107-lg.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Army_modernization-107-lg.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":949532,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Army_modernization-107-lg.jpg?itok=QdJ2SLrD"}}},"media_ids":["603481","603482","603483"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"3336","name":"army"},{"id":"177328","name":"Army Community Service"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"177331","name":"information systems"},{"id":"177332","name":"database. Sheila Isbell"},{"id":"177333","name":"Margarita Gonzalez"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJosh Brown\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E404-853-0500\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["josh.brown@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"599635":{"#nid":"599635","#data":{"type":"news","title":"IMPAX Program Accelerates Technology Transition into the Navy","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat if you had to wait eight years to get the great new cellphone technology your friends and neighbors were using today? That\u0026rsquo;s essentially the situation facing today\u0026rsquo;s warfighters, who must wait for long procurement cycles to bring them the latest technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), Naval Air Warfare Center - Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) and the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) are working to address that challenge through a new effort \u0026ndash; dubbed \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/impax.tech\/about-us\u0022\u003EIMPAX\u003C\/a\u003E (Innovation and Modernization Patuxent River) \u0026ndash; that aims to accelerate the transfer of new technology to meet U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps needs. IMPAX staff members are empowered to work outside the standard acquisition process to find, develop, and prototype new technology more quickly.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIMPAX was launched in 2017 as an initiative of Rear Admiral Mark Darrah, program executive officer for Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons at NAVAIR, by working closely with the Technology Transfer Office at NAWCAD. The first initiative with the Navy is to identify technology that will help integrate unmanned aerial vehicles into air control systems by providing miniaturized identification friend or foe (IFF) systems. IFF systems are already used in piloted aircraft, but the much smaller unmanned aircraft lack the space or power for conventional systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Traditionally the Department of Defense (DoD) has been limited in the means and speed at which it could bring new technologies to the warfighter,\u0026rdquo; said Rob \u0026ldquo;Radar\u0026rdquo; Winston, a GTRI principal research engineer who directs the IMPAX program near Pax River Naval Air Station in Maryland. \u0026ldquo;Our adversaries aren\u0026rsquo;t constrained by cumbersome procurement rules and regulations. Through this effort, we want to ensure that our nation\u0026rsquo;s warfighters get the best technology in the shortest time.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIMPAX is empowered to seek out technology from sources the government doesn\u0026rsquo;t usually work with. These can include small- and medium-sized businesses, companies that don\u0026rsquo;t traditionally work with the military or bid on billion-dollar DoD procurements. Winston and his team work on the Navy\u0026rsquo;s behalf, matching warfighter needs with technology that may already exist \u0026ndash; or that can be developed to meet the needs.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe relationship between GTRI and NAVAIR\u0026rsquo;s Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) is known as a partnership intermediary agreement (PIA). Such agreements allow non-federal government intermediaries to coordinate and solicit non-traditional science and technology sources and to bring forth ideas from parties not usually able to contribute directly to military solutions.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This is the first PIA specifically designed for the Navy to spin technology into naval aviation,\u0026rdquo; Winston explained. \u0026ldquo;We are looking for technology in industry, academia, and other government agencies that can be brought into the DoD very rapidly. If somebody is already working on something that the Navy needs, we can bring them together quickly. We are not just working for the government, but as a team member on the government\u0026rsquo;s behalf as a trusted partner.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn one aspect, IMPAX team members will serve as technology scouts, scouring many sources of information to locate technologies of interest. They\u0026rsquo;ll be readily approachable, and won\u0026rsquo;t require extensive paperwork from companies and others wanting to pitch their technology for potential military applications. The overall activities will be directed by a joint GTRI\/NAWCAD\/NAVAIR team.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;If an individual or company has a great idea but they have never worked with the government before, that barrier to entry is very tall now,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;They don\u0026rsquo;t know who to talk with, how to get involved in a program, or even how to get through the front gate of a military facility. We are going to be able to talk with these people to assess what they can contribute to the warfighter and do it all outside the gate and without the customary barriers.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDoD agencies have their own research laboratories to help develop new technology, of course, but Winston\u0026rsquo;s group will tap other sources of innovation. For technology that\u0026rsquo;s promising but not quite ready for DoD use, IMPAX will fund brief research and development (R\u0026amp;D) initiatives \u0026ndash; as short as three or four months \u0026ndash; to determine whether a technology is worth pursuing. Pathways from there could include the traditional agency R\u0026amp;D laboratories.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The purpose is to run these programs very quickly, and also to fail things fast with a minimum of investment in resources or time if they aren\u0026rsquo;t working out,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;We can start a technology development program at any time, and it can be any technology of interest to the fleet.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEach technology development program will be monitored by a subject matter expert and a director from GTRI. They will keep a close eye on program progress, help faltering ones, shut down ones that aren\u0026rsquo;t making progress or add team members and expertise to promising ones.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe IMPAX team will also be able to assemble packages of different technologies to meet specific needs, efforts known as mash-ups.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Traditional programs do little to encourage the collision of ideas between different organizations, people, and technologies,\u0026rdquo; Winston said. \u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;re here to help companies and organization work together to address the need with minimal barriers to innovation.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe IMPAX initiative won\u0026rsquo;t change how major weapons systems are acquired, but could affect how those systems are updated over time to retain their effectiveness as new technologies rapidly enter the marketplace.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;IMPAX is going to enable technology that will keep these big platforms operationally relevant over a longer period of time,\u0026rdquo; Winston explained.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe IFF capability for unmanned systems is just one example of an ongoing IMPAX project. Another initiative is looking at the use of augmented reality to support maintenance and training programs. By combining 3-D computer-aided design files with mixed reality glasses, the technology could help maintainers identify a problem, locate components hidden within an aircraft, and train new personnel more quickly.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Technology already exists for these projects, but it would take a long time to actually get them to the fleet using traditional acquisition timelines,\u0026rdquo; said Winston. \u0026ldquo;We can help develop the capability, get it to the Navy who can then get it out to the warfighter quickly. We\u0026rsquo;ll run as fast as we can with a project and give our warfighters the edge by getting the latest technology to them \u0026ndash; today.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat if you had to wait eight years to get the great new cellphone technology your friends and neighbors were using today? That\u0026rsquo;s essentially the situation facing today\u0026rsquo;s warfighters, who must wait for long procurement cycles to bring them the latest technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new initiative known as IMPAX is transferring technology into the Navy."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2017-12-06 18:42:08","changed_gmt":"2017-12-06 18:43:31","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2017-12-06T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2017-12-06T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"599633":{"id":"599633","type":"image","title":"GTRI supports IMPAX initiative","body":null,"created":"1512585120","gmt_created":"2017-12-06 18:32:00","changed":"1512585120","gmt_changed":"2017-12-06 18:32:00","alt":"Rob Winston, director of IMPAX","file":{"fid":"228594","name":"RADAR_IMPAX_AR-102.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/RADAR_IMPAX_AR-102.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/RADAR_IMPAX_AR-102.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1096101,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/RADAR_IMPAX_AR-102.jpg?itok=Kxw2CThG"}},"599634":{"id":"599634","type":"image","title":"GTRI supports IMPAX initiative2","body":null,"created":"1512585209","gmt_created":"2017-12-06 18:33:29","changed":"1512585209","gmt_changed":"2017-12-06 18:33:29","alt":"Rob Winston, director of IMPAX","file":{"fid":"228595","name":"RADAR_IMPAX_AR-103.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/RADAR_IMPAX_AR-103.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/RADAR_IMPAX_AR-103.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":883339,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/RADAR_IMPAX_AR-103.jpg?itok=ImnE7kos"}}},"media_ids":["599633","599634"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"176425","name":"IMPAX"},{"id":"176427","name":"GTRI. Navy"},{"id":"176426","name":"Rob Winston"},{"id":"176428","name":"NAVAIR"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"598456":{"#nid":"598456","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Student Teams Compete in Service Academies Swarm Challenge \u2013 with GTRI Assistance","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat does the future of air-to-air combat sound like? At this point, it could sound very much like a swarm of angry bees.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThat\u0026#39;s how researcher Michael Day described the recent DARPA Service Academies Swarm Challenge, which pitted mixed groups of up to 25 highly autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on a side against one another in a next-generation version of the traditional \u0026quot;capture the flag\u0026quot; game. The friendly live-fly competition involved student teams from the U.S. Air Force Academy, the U.S. Military Academy, and the U.S. Naval Academy, with each team developing and testing their own innovative offensive and defensive tactics to conduct mock swarm-on-swarm battles.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDay, a research scientist at the\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003E Georgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI), co-led the support efforts required to stage the competition, working with the teams to help them operate the swarms, which included fixed-wing, propeller-driven Marcus UAV Zephyr aircraft and DJI Flame Wheel quadcopters. GTRI coached the teams and shared its simulation software to help the competitors develop tactics for both protecting their own space and invading another team\u0026rsquo;s base. Warren Lee, branch head for GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Unmanned Flight Operations, co-led the project with Day.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe competition was sponsored by the\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.darpa.mil\u0022\u003E Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u003C\/a\u003E(DARPA), which has a history of fostering competition to help advance cutting-edge technology. In addition to GTRI, the event was supported by the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR). It was held in April 2017 at Camp Roberts, a California Army National Guard facility.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe vehicles were adapted from foam-wing radio-control hobbyist aircraft and rotorcraft designed to carry cameras. But these aerial vehicles were modified with computers that contained sophisticated autopilots, as well as separate computers that helped them coordinate with swarm teammates, locate opponents, and conduct offensive and defensive maneuvers \u0026mdash; including aerial dogfights.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBut the tactics weren\u0026rsquo;t the only thing tested at the competition.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;A big challenge for us was logistical,\u0026rdquo; said Day. \u0026ldquo;Getting this many aircraft ready to fly and launched safely in the brief window of time we had required a lot of preparation.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe competition was built on lessons learned from an earlier event that pitted GTRI researchers against colleagues from the Naval Postgraduate School. That competition involved swarms composed of ten highly autonomous unmanned aircraft \u0026mdash; all of them the same type \u0026mdash; on each team.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBuilding the Aircraft\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EStarting in August 2016, GTRI researchers began building and testing the aircraft slated for use in the competition. They built them in batches, assembling the basic vehicles, installing the electronics and then testing them. Each of the fixed-wing aircraft had an autopilot, flight computer, two radios, a GPS receiver, and avionics to operate the flight controls.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has years of experience incorporating autonomy into unmanned air vehicles, having conducted swarm research projects for agencies that include DARPA and the Office of Naval Research.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Our operators and integrators are experienced, and we\u0026rsquo;ve gone through the highs and lows in terms of successes and failures,\u0026rdquo; said Lee. \u0026ldquo;We felt extra pressure in this program to make sure that each and every aircraft was ready to fly so the teams could fully trust them and focus their efforts on the competition.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn all, Lee\u0026rsquo;s group, which included senior research engineer Gary Gray and research engineer Evan Hammac, built 144 aircraft, a mix of the foam-wing and quadcopter models. They were delivered to the service academies in time for students to become familiar with the aircraft operation. Members of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s UAV team visited each of the academies twice to work with the cadets and midshipmen.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;It was exciting and very rewarding to be able to work with the students on this project,\u0026rdquo; said Day. \u0026ldquo;They have a lot of demands on their time from their studies, so it was really hands-on and ambitious.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to building and testing the aircraft and working with the students, GTRI also built seven NPS-designed launchers for the Zephyrs, which have a 54-inch wingspan. The launchers get the aircraft up to flight speed, accelerating the launch process \u0026mdash; which was part of the overall competition.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;To get them all into the air, you can\u0026rsquo;t spend more than about 30 seconds with each aircraft,\u0026rdquo; noted Day, who was part of the GTRI group that supported the competition on the ground at Camp Roberts.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;When you have 30 aircraft in the sky, it\u0026rsquo;s very different from when you only have five or 10,\u0026rdquo; he said. \u0026ldquo;There\u0026rsquo;s a higher level of stress because there are a lot more tasks to manage. We had a lot of lessons from our flight operations that we were able to share with the students.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEarlier, Lee\u0026rsquo;s team built 65 Skywalker aircraft for the Low-Cost UAV Swarming Technology (LOCUST) program supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFlying in Simulation\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn developing swarm tactics, GTRI relies heavily on simulation to prepare for actual flight tests. Computer time to run simulations is much less expensive than flying time, and allows for hundreds or thousands of test runs in the time that would be required for a single flight test.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We can do testing in our laboratory using a variety of simulation tools and have the ability to run thousands of different scenarios, look at the results of different types of engagements, and then use machine learning techniques to hone in on new swarm-versus-swarm tactics,\u0026rdquo; said Don Davis, division chief of GTRI\u0026rsquo;s Robotics and Autonomous Systems Division. \u0026ldquo;In many cases, the simulation leads us to ideas we wouldn\u0026rsquo;t have thought of if we had been bound by human experience in this area.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAmong the tools used by the service academy teams was SCRIMMAGE (Simulating Collaborative Robots in a Massive Multi-Agent Game Environment), developed by GTRI researchers led by senior research engineer Kevin DeMarco. SCRIMMAGE allows the interactions of tens, hundreds, or even thousands of air vehicles to be studied simultaneously. The system\u0026rsquo;s interface was designed to be familiar to anyone who has played video games.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We can run the simulations faster than real time, so we can apply modern techniques that require much more data,\u0026rdquo; said DeMarco. \u0026ldquo;We developed SCRIMMAGE to allow users to see exactly how a new algorithm is affecting an aircraft\u0026rsquo;s flight maneuvers. We can run it on high-performance computing clusters to conduct millions of simulations and then have our machine-learning algorithms process that data to improve the algorithms.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe simulator doesn\u0026rsquo;t run on the real aircraft, but does use the aircraft control software as part of its testing.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of the combat tactics developed on SCRIMMAGE and used by the Service Academies Swarm Challenge aircraft is called \u0026ldquo;Greedy Shooter.\u0026rdquo; Each UAV equipped with the software can locate the nearest enemy and go after it. The algorithm doesn\u0026rsquo;t rely on collaboration among air vehicles, so multiple aircraft might attack the same enemy.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;In SCRIMMAGE, we have shown that you get a 50 percent success rate with this,\u0026rdquo; said DeMarco.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBut another algorithm developed by senior research scientist Charles Pippin allows the air vehicles to allocate tasks, much as a human team may divide up the work that needs to be done on a project. \u0026ldquo;The vehicles can negotiate among themselves and decide who will be assigned to each target. There is no specific leader, but in a decentralized way, the aircraft make those decisions,\u0026rdquo; DeMarco explained.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the Swarm Challenge, each of the vehicles had information about all of the other vehicles, but in real combat situations, that wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be the case. SCRIMMAGE is helping GTRI researchers determine how much information is needed to gain improvements from the task allocation model.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers are also comparing the swarm strategies against a legacy system \u0026mdash; the old-fashioned \u0026ldquo;wingman\u0026rdquo; approach in which two aircraft work as a team. That simple approach has advantages over more complicated algorithms even when computers are tracking all the air vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Lots of agents running simple algorithms can make swarms look more intelligent than they actually are,\u0026rdquo; DeMarco said. \u0026ldquo;Our hypothesis is that by being able to solve the two-versus-two challenge, we may be able to extend what we learn to a swarm.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Competition and Outcome\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the three-day competition, service academy teams faced off against each other inside a \u0026ldquo;Battle Cube,\u0026rdquo; a three-dimensional airspace 500 meters on a side and 78 meters above the ground. Each team was given 20 fixed-wing UAVs and 20 quadcopters and, under the Challenge rules, could select a mix of 25 vehicles (with five in reserve, for a total of 30) for each of two 30-minute battle rounds.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEach team had to defend its flag \u0026mdash; a large, inflatable ground target \u0026mdash; while trying to score the most points. Points could be awarded in three ways: physically landing a UAV on the opponent\u0026rsquo;s flag, simulated firing on an opponent\u0026rsquo;s UAV, and launching as many aircraft as possible.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Naval Academy was declared the winner of the competition. (Full information about the event is available at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/news-events\/2017-05-11\u0022\u003Ewww.darpa.mil\/news-events\/2017-05-11\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to helping advance swarm tactics, the competition also helped the next generation of Air Force, Army, and Navy leaders get a head start on future swarm technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This competition wasn\u0026rsquo;t as much about who won and who lost as it was about offering hands-on insights about this quickly evolving and increasingly important technology,\u0026rdquo; said Davis. \u0026ldquo;GTRI is pleased to help train and equip the next generation of warfighters. Together, we showed that it is possible to get swarms of vehicles in the air and into mock combat against each other.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAmong the lessons learned was the importance of rapidly launching the aircraft. Davis said the team able to get into the air first had an advantage over others. The competition also stretched the wireless networks used to communicate among the aircraft, and that will need improvement in the future.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The biggest surprise to me was how well everything worked and how well the swarms operated,\u0026rdquo; Davis said. \u0026ldquo;This is another step in developing the knowledge and experience required to use UAV swarms in the field. There\u0026rsquo;s a lot more that needs to be done, but we\u0026rsquo;re making progress.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the future, highly autonomous vehicles could ultimately find uses throughout the military.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;UAVs will be extending the capabilities of the warfighter,\u0026rdquo; Davis said. \u0026ldquo;I don\u0026rsquo;t think we should expect swarms of UAVs to primarily just replace people. I think it\u0026rsquo;s appropriate to think of UAVs as tools that warfighters can use to address a threat.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat does the future of air-to-air combat sound like? At this point, it could sound very much like a swarm of angry bees.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute supported the DARPA Service Academies Swarm Challenge."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2017-11-06 22:57:50","changed_gmt":"2017-11-06 23:02:13","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2017-11-06T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2017-11-06T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"598446":{"id":"598446","type":"image","title":"Connecting UAV electronics","body":null,"created":"1510007721","gmt_created":"2017-11-06 22:35:21","changed":"1510007721","gmt_changed":"2017-11-06 22:35:21","alt":"Connecting UAV 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of temporary barracks. Lauren Stewart, principal investigator on the project and an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Russell Gentry, associate professor of architecture and civil engineering at Georgia Tech, saw the products \u0026mdash; called cross-laminated timber, or CLT \u0026mdash; as an ideal material for both constructing the short-term structures and creating a new market for Georgia\u0026rsquo;s timber industry, the largest in the country.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;With 22 million acres of working forests and a $32 billion economic impact, Georgia is blessed to be the No. 1 forestry state in the nation,\u0026rdquo; said Andres Villegas, president and CEO of the Georgia Forestry Association. \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s why we at the Georgia Forestry Association are fully supportive of the research that Georgia Tech is doing with cross-laminated timber through the USDA\u0026rsquo;s Wood Innovation Grant.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Forest Service was looking for new uses for the CLT products, a wood panel typically consisting of three, five, or seven layers of lumber oriented at right angles to one another and then glued together.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe United States Department of Defense (DoD) spent more than $150 million over the past five years to design lightweight bunkers, or \u0026ldquo;b-huts,\u0026rdquo; for troops, which were an improvement from the tents typically used in combat. Georgia Tech is proposing CLT as a way to make the barracks more durable than previous building materials and ultimately safer for the troops.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe proposed CLT designs use less energy for heating and cooling, and the bunker will be far easier to disassemble and relocate. Both are key attributes for military housing, along with providing adequate protection for troops.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;New markets for wood are critical for the future of our state\u0026rsquo;s forests, and I can think of no better way to utilize our state\u0026rsquo;s sustainable timber resources than in a way that benefits both our brave men and women in uniform and our state\u0026rsquo;s economic vitality,\u0026rdquo; Villegas said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThis project could be used worldwide, but the research team has proposed it for the southern United States. The wood they\u0026rsquo;ll use will be mostly indigenous to the South, allowing for less harmful forest management and lower costs. The Georgia Tech team aims to motivate new fabrication facilities and spur economic development in the region.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This project is a unique opportunity to bring together the USFS, state agencies, military, and academia to advance the state of knowledge of CLT, promote forest health, and develop an application that can enhance troops\u0026rsquo; safety, security, and comfort,\u0026rdquo; said Stewart.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ECLT has the potential for broader applications, too, as more and more designers look for low-carbon alternatives to traditional construction materials. The research team, along with the Georgia Forestry Foundation and WoodWorks Wood Products Council, hosted a symposium Sept. 26 at Georgia Tech on design and construction using mass timber from the Southeast. They highlighted hotels, mid- and high-rise buildings, and other projects around the country that are using wood products.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EStewart and Gentry were assisted by Ph.D. student Kathryn Sanborn, who\u0026rsquo;s also a major in the U.S. Army. The three-year project\u0026rsquo;s total cost will be nearly $375,000, including $125,000 that the Institute has contributed as a match. Other significant contributions to the project came from the Army Research Laboratory, West Point, and the Army Corps of Engineers.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBy Jonathan Bowers\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EU.S. Forestry Service funds Georgia Tech research on using laminated wood products.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers find military barrack applications for cross-laminated timber."}],"uid":"28797","created_gmt":"2017-10-17 19:51:32","changed_gmt":"2017-10-17 20:20:50","author":"Lance Wallace","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2017-10-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2017-10-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"597526":{"id":"597526","type":"image","title":"Cross-Laminated Timber Panels","body":null,"created":"1508268354","gmt_created":"2017-10-17 19:25:54","changed":"1508268563","gmt_changed":"2017-10-17 19:29:23","alt":"cross-laminated timber panels","file":{"fid":"227771","name":"CLT2.jpeg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/CLT2.jpeg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/CLT2.jpeg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":615604,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/CLT2.jpeg?itok=udTeRI_1"}},"597528":{"id":"597528","type":"image","title":"CLT Ballistic Tests","body":null,"created":"1508269461","gmt_created":"2017-10-17 19:44:21","changed":"1508269461","gmt_changed":"2017-10-17 19:44:21","alt":"","file":{"fid":"227773","name":"CLT3 BallisticSpecimens.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/CLT3%20BallisticSpecimens.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/CLT3%20BallisticSpecimens.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":767752,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/CLT3%20BallisticSpecimens.jpg?itok=RC64rA0P"}},"597527":{"id":"597527","type":"image","title":"Barrack Schematic","body":null,"created":"1508269227","gmt_created":"2017-10-17 19:40:27","changed":"1508269227","gmt_changed":"2017-10-17 19:40:27","alt":"","file":{"fid":"227772","name":"CLT B-hut.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/CLT%20B-hut.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/CLT%20B-hut.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":121874,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/CLT%20B-hut.jpg?itok=R8ss8Cy-"}}},"media_ids":["597526","597528","597527"],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"},{"id":"1253","name":"School of Civil and Envrionmental Engineering"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1897","name":"Civil Engineering"},{"id":"175955","name":"Lauren Stewart"},{"id":"12266","name":"U.S. Army"},{"id":"175956","name":"U.S. Forestry Service"},{"id":"175952","name":"CLT"},{"id":"175953","name":"cross-laminated timber"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003Elance.wallace@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lance.wallace@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"597463":{"#nid":"597463","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Army Grant Supports Development of Intelligent, Adaptive and Resilient Robot Teams","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.arl.army.mil\/www\/default.cfm\u0022\u003EU.S. Army Research Laboratory\u003C\/a\u003E has awarded an alliance headed by the University of Pennsylvania a five-year, $27 million grant to develop new methods of creating autonomous, intelligent and resilient teams of robots.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThese teams, consisting of multiple types of robots and sensors with varying abilities, are designed to assist humans in a wide range of missions in dynamically changing, harsh and contested environments. These include search and rescue of hostages, information gathering after terrorist attacks or natural disasters, and humanitarian missions.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe award is part of ARL\u0026rsquo;s Distributed and Collaborative Intelligent Systems and Technology (DCIST) Collaborative Research Alliance. Penn Engineering will lead this alliance in collaboration with the Army Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u0026rsquo;s Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, and the Georgia Institute of Technology. The consortium also includes faculty from University of California San Diego, University of California Berkeley and University of Southern California.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDCIST involves imbuing teams of heterogeneous robots and sensors with the intelligence to learn and adapt to different settings and perform new tasks along with humans. Key to this vision is building resilience to disruption.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETeams of robots and human first responders might eventually be used to survey a disaster site for victims, but unpredictable environments and ongoing hazards could damage or destroy some of the robots, or disrupt communications between them. If each robot were just preprogrammed and given specific instructions, that could lead to gaps in their search. But if the team were able to reconfigure itself in response to damage, the remaining robots could collaboratively decide how to reorganize and work with human partners to complete the mission.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We want to have teams of robots that know how to work together, but can figure out how to keep working even if some of their teammates crash or fail, if GPS signal is unavailable, or if cloud services are disrupted,\u0026rdquo; said Vijay Kumar, Penn Engineering\u0026rsquo;s Nemirovsky Family Dean and director for the DCIST program. \u0026ldquo;This means designing networks with loose, flexible connections that can change on the fly. That way, a single event can\u0026rsquo;t bring down the entire network. More importantly, we want them to learn to perform tasks they may have never performed and work alongside humans that they may never have worked with.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe three important research focus areas are distributed intelligence and learning; creating a cohesive team of autonomous robots, sensors, computational resources and human experts; and building resiliency in group behaviors.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Through this exciting project, Georgia Tech will help develop novel tools and techniques that enable human operators to work effectively and safely in teams together with autonomous robots,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/magnus-egerstedt-0\u0022\u003EMagnus Egerstedt\u003C\/a\u003E, executive director of Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.robotics.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EInstitute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines\u003C\/a\u003E and Julian T. Hightower Chair in Systems and Controls. \u0026ldquo;These types of questions connect well with our\u0026nbsp;expertise in the areas of human-robot interactions, distributed decision making and learning, and swarm robotics.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond Egerstedt, the Georgia Tech researchers affiliated with this multidisciplinary project are \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/people\/sonia-chernova\u0022\u003ESonia Chernova\u003C\/a\u003E, assistant professor in the School of Interactive Computing; \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.aerospace.gatech.edu\/people\/panagiotis-tsiotras\u0022\u003EPanagiotis Tsiotras\u003C\/a\u003E, Dean\u0026rsquo;s Professor in the School of Aerospace Engineering; and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/justin-romberg\u0022\u003EJustin Romberg\u003C\/a\u003E, Associate Chair for Research and Schlumberger Professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWith multiple types of assets collectively assessing a complex, continuously changing scenario and determining how best to assign their individual skills to a broadly defined problem, such human-robot teams of the future would be ideal first-responders to dangerous situations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The technology we\u0026rsquo;re working will better allow humans to respond by projecting their intelligence without directly coming in harm\u0026rsquo;s way,\u0026rdquo; Kumar said.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Georgia Tech \u0026ndash; John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu); UPenn \u0026ndash; Evan Lerner (215-573-6604) (elerner@upenn.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProvided by Army Research Laboratory\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Army Research Laboratory has awarded an alliance headed by the University of Pennsylvania a five-year, $27 million grant to develop new methods of creating autonomous, intelligent and resilient teams of robots.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has awarded a $27 million grant to develop new methods of creating robot teams."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2017-10-16 18:49:24","changed_gmt":"2017-10-16 19:37:32","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2017-10-16T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2017-10-16T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"597469":{"id":"597469","type":"image","title":"Sonia Chernova \u0026 Army research grant","body":null,"created":"1508182097","gmt_created":"2017-10-16 19:28:17","changed":"1508182097","gmt_changed":"2017-10-16 19:28:17","alt":"Sonia Chernova, Georgia Tech","file":{"fid":"227749","name":"sonia-chernova.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/sonia-chernova.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/sonia-chernova.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1168133,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/sonia-chernova.jpg?itok=bMbwd42K"}},"597470":{"id":"597470","type":"image","title":"Magnus Egerstedt \u0026 Army research grant","body":null,"created":"1508182168","gmt_created":"2017-10-16 19:29:28","changed":"1508182168","gmt_changed":"2017-10-16 19:29:28","alt":"Magnus Egerstedt in Robotarium","file":{"fid":"227750","name":"robotarium-magnus-georgia-tech.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/robotarium-magnus-georgia-tech.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/robotarium-magnus-georgia-tech.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":177908,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/robotarium-magnus-georgia-tech.jpg?itok=DPSL-rjY"}}},"media_ids":["597469","597470"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2352","name":"robots"},{"id":"169029","name":"swarm robots"},{"id":"175928","name":"robot teams"},{"id":"11528","name":"Magnus Egerstedt"},{"id":"169047","name":"Sonia Chernova"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39521","name":"Robotics"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"596906":{"#nid":"596906","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Researchers Support DARPA\u2019s New \u201cCHIPS\u201d Initiative","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA team of Georgia Tech researchers is bringing electronic design software and communications expertise to DARPA\u0026#39;s new \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/news-events\/2017-08-25\u0022\u003ECHIPS initiative\u003C\/a\u003E, which will enable future generations of integrated circuits to be assembled from plug-and-play modules known as \u0026ldquo;chiplets.\u0026rdquo; Reusing blocks of existing microelectronics technology could reduce the need to design complex monolithic chips from scratch for new applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBy allowing components such as memory modules or signal processors to be easily fitted together like the parts of a jigsaw puzzle, the initiative could help reduce the cost of new ICs for Department of Defense (DoD) agencies and accelerate the application of new technology. While the initiative is driven by DoD needs for its ships, tanks and aircraft, innovations developed by the program could also reduce the cost of developing low-volume specialized devices in the commercial world.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The goal of this program is to make the design more modular so we can reuse existing components, making the design process much faster, easier and cheaper,\u0026rdquo; said \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/limsk.ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESung Kyu Lim\u003C\/a\u003E, a \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E professor who heads up Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s part of the initiative. \u0026ldquo;We\u0026rsquo;ll be able to create new chips to meet specific needs by reusing these chiplets and putting them together in modular fashion. The modular design will allow us to pick and choose the components we need for specific applications.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMonolithic integrated circuits like those that go into smartphones contain billions of transistors. They cost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars and take months to design. Companies selling large volumes of consumer products can afford that design cost, but DoD agencies that need smaller numbers of specialized devices are looking for ways to reduce the design cost and time required.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEnter DARPA\u0026rsquo;s Common Heterogeneous Integration and Intellectual Property Reuse Strategies (CHIPS) effort, which will use interposer technology \u0026ndash; a silicon and copper interface \u0026ndash; that will interconnect the chiplets. While the interposer adds a level of complexity to the design of the devices, it\u0026rsquo;s necessary to facilitate the 3-D modular assembly. The chiplets themselves could arise from existing designs, with engineers modifying memory, signal processing and other blocks from ICs already in production.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Instead of designing a whole new chip, you can borrow from what\u0026rsquo;s already been designed to put together a new chip quickly and at lower cost,\u0026rdquo; said Lim, who holds the Dan Fielder Endowed Chair. The chiplets would be assembled and then packaged together, facilitating shorter interconnect lengths that would reduce communication time and energy consumption between the components. The modular nature of the chiplets would also allow a block to be replaced by new technology without redesigning an entire IC.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe four-year CHIPS effort involves 11 teams, including major defense contractors, microelectronics companies, design firms \u0026ndash; and two other universities: the University of Michigan and North Carolina State University. In addition to Lim, the Georgia Tech effort will involve three other faculty members: Pippin Chair Professor \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/madhavan-swaminathan\u0022\u003EMadhavan Swaminathan\u003C\/a\u003E, Professor \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/saibal-mukhopadhyay\u0022\u003ESaibal Mukhopadhyay\u003C\/a\u003E and Assistant Professor \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/tushar-krishna\u0022\u003ETushar Krishna\u003C\/a\u003E, all from the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAbout $3.7 million will come to Georgia Tech as part of the project\u0026rsquo;s budget. In addition to the faculty members, that will fund a research engineer and up to eight graduate students.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech team will provide electronic design automation software needed to produce the chiplets, develop translator technology that will allow chiplets operating in different languages to communicate, and evaluate different design standards brought to the project by other teams.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003ECircuit design tools will be needed to create the chiplets, many of which will be adapted from existing designs. \u0026ldquo;A big part of what we\u0026rsquo;ll deliver for this project is electronic design automation (EDA) tools,\u0026rdquo; said Lim. \u0026ldquo;We want to automate the entire chiplet generation and integration process as much as possible using algorithms and software tools.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003EModules from different companies may use different languages. To use them together in a new system, the chiplets will need translators, circuitry and software that will wrap around each chiplet. \u0026ldquo;We need to understand all the different languages, so we can help the chiplets communicate with one another,\u0026rdquo; Lim explained. \u0026ldquo;The complexity will depend on how many interface protocols are used in the system.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\t\u003Cli\u003EThe project teams will have to work together using the same design standards. Lim\u0026rsquo;s team will establish tools and techniques for evaluating the different standards now used by different teams that are part of the overall effort. \u0026ldquo;We will provide a fair means of comparing the different technology options and picking the winner,\u0026rdquo; said Lim.\u003C\/li\u003E\r\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThough DARPA\u0026rsquo;s focus is on providing technology for DoD users, solutions developed from the initiative could also have broad benefits in the commercial microelectronics world. \u0026ldquo;Small- and medium-sized companies could will benefit a lot from this,\u0026rdquo; Lim said. \u0026ldquo;Small design houses that would like to develop their own ICs will likely be very interested.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMeeting the program\u0026rsquo;s ambitious goals will be challenging, Lim says, with reliability, power, mechanical and thermal issues on the horizon. \u0026ldquo;The success of this program will make a significant contribution to the defense industry and the microelectronics community in general,\u0026rdquo; he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EResearch described in this news release is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under award N00014-17-1-2950. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Assistance\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu) or Ben Brumfield (404-660-1408) (ben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA team of Georgia Tech researchers is bringing electronic design software and communications expertise to DARPA\u0026#39;s new CHIPS initiative, which will enable future generations of integrated circuits to be assembled from plug-and-play modules known as \u0026ldquo;chiplets.\u0026rdquo; Reusing blocks of existing microelectronics technology could reduce the need to design complex monolithic chips from scratch for new applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech is contributing to the DARPA CHIPS initiative to reuse microelectronic designs."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2017-10-03 19:57:57","changed_gmt":"2017-10-03 21:01:34","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2017-10-03T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2017-10-03T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"596902":{"id":"596902","type":"image","title":"Plug and play chiplets could be the basis for future devices","body":null,"created":"1507059531","gmt_created":"2017-10-03 19:38:51","changed":"1507059531","gmt_changed":"2017-10-03 19:38:51","alt":"Schematic of chiplet assembly","file":{"fid":"227492","name":"Chips-DARPA-Update.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Chips-DARPA-Update.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Chips-DARPA-Update.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3103394,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Chips-DARPA-Update.jpg?itok=_cc57wEt"}},"596912":{"id":"596912","type":"image","title":"Connecting chiplets on silicon interposer","body":null,"created":"1507064445","gmt_created":"2017-10-03 21:00:45","changed":"1507064445","gmt_changed":"2017-10-03 21:00:45","alt":"Chiplets on silicon interposer.","file":{"fid":"227496","name":"all-final.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/all-final.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/all-final.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1367343,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/all-final.jpg?itok=9ZWY6A37"}}},"media_ids":["596902","596912"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"175758","name":"chiplets"},{"id":"175762","name":"chips"},{"id":"2832","name":"microelectronics"},{"id":"175763","name":"electronic design software"},{"id":"2183","name":"communications"},{"id":"63161","name":"integrated circuits"},{"id":"433","name":"IC"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39461","name":"Manufacturing, Trade, and Logistics"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"590743":{"#nid":"590743","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Swarms of Autonomous Aerial Vehicles Test New Dogfighting Skills","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAerial dogfighting began more than a century ago in the skies over Europe with propeller-driven fighter aircraft carried aloft on wings of fabric and wood. An event held recently in southern California could mark the beginning of a new chapter in this form of aerial combat.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn what may have been the first aerial encounter of its kind, researchers from the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E and Naval Postgraduate School recently pitted two swarms of autonomous aircraft against one another over a military test facility. While the friendly encounter may not have qualified as an old-fashioned dogfight, it provided the first example of a live engagement between two swarms of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), and allowed the two teams to demonstrate different combat tactics in flight.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;The ability to engage a swarm of threat UAVs with another autonomous swarm is an area of critical research for defense applications,\u0026rdquo; said Don Davis, division chief of the Robotics and Autonomous Systems Branch of the Georgia Tech Research Institute. \u0026ldquo;This experiment demonstrated the advances made in collaborative autonomy and the ability of a team of unmanned vehicles to execute complex missions. This encounter will serve to advance and inform future efforts in developing autonomous vehicle capabilities.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEach team launched ten small propeller-driven Zephyr aircraft, though two of the aircraft experienced technical issues at launch and were unable to compete, resulting in a 10 versus 8 competition. Although the UAVs were physically identical, their computers used different autonomy logic, collaboration approaches, and communications software developed by the two institutions. GPS tracking allowed each aircraft to know the location of the others for this demonstration. In the future, this information will be provided by on-board cameras, radars, and other sensors and payloads.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EEach aircraft used a single-board mission computer, and for this demonstration, an open-source autopilot maintained flight control. The aircraft also had Wi-Fi systems that allowed them to communicate with other aircraft and with a ground station.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Both teams were trying to solve the same problem of flying a large swarm in a meaningful mission, and we came up with solutions that were similar in some ways and different in others,\u0026rdquo; said Charles Pippin, a senior research scientist at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. \u0026ldquo;By comparing how well each approach worked in the air, we were able to compare strategies and tactics on platforms capable of the same flight dynamics.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe foam-wing aircraft couldn\u0026rsquo;t actually shoot at one another, so a ground computer determined when an aircraft would have been in a position to attack another aircraft. The swarm teams flew three different sorties to compare different algorithms. The event took place February 9, 2017 at Camp Roberts, a California National Guard facility in Monterey County, Calif.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe two institutions have been working together since 2015 on issues involving collaborative autonomy \u0026ndash; the ability of autonomous vehicles to work together to accomplish a given task. The Georgia Tech researchers have been using aircraft known as Skywalkers that are similar to the Zephyrs used by the Naval Postgraduate School.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;This was a very successful test,\u0026rdquo; said Davis. \u0026ldquo;It gave us, as far as I know, the first actual experimentation of flying two autonomous swarms of UAVs against one another with no human control, other than sending high level commands or sending a message to engage. We were really trying to understand how different autonomy tactics work against other autonomy tactics.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor each UAV, the autonomy algorithms were fully in control of the aircraft, but a safety pilot stood by to take control of any aircraft if necessary. \u0026nbsp;The autopilots also had built in safety constraints, such as airspace boundaries and ranges.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESuch aerial demonstrations are the third step in the process that the Georgia Tech team uses to test its autonomy systems, Pippin said. As a first step, tactics are rapidly tested on a simulator that runs 30 times faster than real time. Next, promising approaches are tested on a full software stack that includes a high-resolution simulation.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;We run hardware-in-the-loop simulations where we have the actual algorithms running on the hardware we fly,\u0026rdquo; said Pippin. \u0026ldquo;The full software stack includes the autonomy logic, communications systems, collaboration algorithms and other software that is then inserted directly into the actual aircraft. In the third step, the tactics are flown on the aircraft on test ranges. In this case, we used the Zephrys and flew the swarms at Camp Roberts.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech researchers are using machine learning to help their autonomy system optimize performance and recognize under which circumstances a particular tactic may be advantageous.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Right now, we\u0026rsquo;re more interested in the research questions about autonomous coordination among the vehicles and the tactical behavior of the groups of vehicles,\u0026rdquo; Pippin explained. \u0026ldquo;We are focusing our efforts on how these vehicles cooperate and want to understand what it means for them to operate as a team.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDogfighting tactics have advanced dramatically since the World War I, but the advent of UAV swarms may bring a brand new set of challenges. Unmanned vehicles have freedom to dive, bank, and climb at rates human pilots cannot tolerate. But the real advantage may be in computing power that could track dozens of adversaries \u0026ndash; far more than any human pilot could do \u0026ndash; and develop new ways to address challenges.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Autonomous techniques using machine learning may identify new tactics that a human would never think of,\u0026rdquo; added Davis. \u0026ldquo;Humans tend to base their techniques on tactics that manned fighters have used in the past. These autonomous aircraft may invoke new strategies.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition those already named, the Georgia Tech Research Institute team that supported the swarm demonstration included Michael Day, Kevin DeMarco, David Jensen, Rick Presley, and Evan Hammac. Others supporting the project included Michael Matthews, Eric Squires, Rob Bever, Ethan\u0026nbsp;Trewhitt, and students Laura Strickland, Avery Leonard, Natalie Rakoski, and Jeremy Feltracco.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n177 North Avenue\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nAtlanta, Georgia \u0026nbsp;30332-0181 \u0026nbsp;USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (jtoon@gatech.edu) or Ben Brumfield (404-385-1933) (ben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn what may have been the first aerial encounter of its kind, researchers recently pitted two swarms of autonomous aircraft against one another over a military test facility. While the friendly encounter may not have qualified as an old-fashioned dogfight, it provided the first example of a live engagement between two swarms of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), and allowed the two teams to demonstrate different combat tactics in flight.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers recently pitted two swarms of autonomous aircraft against one another."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2017-04-21 13:38:04","changed_gmt":"2017-05-02 21:38:48","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2017-04-21T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2017-04-21T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"590739":{"id":"590739","type":"image","title":"Launching autonomous aircraft","body":null,"created":"1492780974","gmt_created":"2017-04-21 13:22:54","changed":"1492780974","gmt_changed":"2017-04-21 13:22:54","alt":"Launching autonomous aircraft for swarm demonstration","file":{"fid":"225065","name":"autonomous-dogfight7.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/autonomous-dogfight7.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/autonomous-dogfight7.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":531300,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/autonomous-dogfight7.jpg?itok=gk93WqwE"}},"590740":{"id":"590740","type":"image","title":"Preparing autonomous aircraft for demonstration","body":null,"created":"1492781117","gmt_created":"2017-04-21 13:25:17","changed":"1492781294","gmt_changed":"2017-04-21 13:28:14","alt":"Preparing autonomous aircraft for flight ","file":{"fid":"225066","name":"autonomous-dogfight1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/autonomous-dogfight1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/autonomous-dogfight1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1123782,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/autonomous-dogfight1.jpg?itok=k5BCl8ef"}},"590741":{"id":"590741","type":"image","title":"Autonomous aircraft group in flight","body":null,"created":"1492781245","gmt_created":"2017-04-21 13:27:25","changed":"1492781245","gmt_changed":"2017-04-21 13:27:25","alt":"Autonomous aircraft group in flight","file":{"fid":"225067","name":"autonomous-dogfight17.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/autonomous-dogfight17.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/autonomous-dogfight17.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":466889,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/autonomous-dogfight17.jpg?itok=WkSbShHp"}},"590742":{"id":"590742","type":"image","title":"GTRI researchers preparing for autonomous aircraft demonstration","body":null,"created":"1492781412","gmt_created":"2017-04-21 13:30:12","changed":"1492781412","gmt_changed":"2017-04-21 13:30:12","alt":"GTRI researchers preparing for autonomous aircraft demonstration","file":{"fid":"225068","name":"autonomous-dogfight99.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/autonomous-dogfight99.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/autonomous-dogfight99.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":550507,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/autonomous-dogfight99.jpg?itok=r1d_fcND"}}},"media_ids":["590739","590740","590741","590742"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"415","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"},{"id":"174108","name":"autonomous aircraft"},{"id":"174109","name":"dogfighting"},{"id":"137281","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"667","name":"robotics"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39521","name":"Robotics"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"555041":{"#nid":"555041","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Helicopter Display Emulator Facilitates System Testing","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen the U.S. Army updates the defensive and offensive software on its UH60M Black Hawk and AH64D Apache helicopters, the improved systems must be fully tested to make sure they\u2019re working properly. That includes evaluating how information is represented on the multi-function display (MFD) and multi-purpose display (MPD), which use symbology to display threats to aviation platforms.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUntil recently, that testing required the use of a real helicopter or costly display components that must be configured to operate in a laboratory environment. Thanks to an MFD\/MPD emulator developed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) in collaboration with the Army Reprogramming Analysis Team (ARAT), the testing can now be done on ordinary laboratory computers anytime it is needed. The new emulator saves a significant amount of money and can help get software updates to deployed Army aviation forces faster.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis is an exact replica of what\u2019s on the helicopter, so when they\u2019re testing the software upgrades in the laboratory, they see exactly what the pilot is going to see in the helicopter cockpit,\u201d said William Miller, a GTRI principal research scientists who helped lead the project. \u201cWhen the final software for the electronic warfare system is deployed to the field, it is already tested with the display. That saves money and time.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project began with two days of observation into the operation of a multi-function display in operational helicopters at Dobbins Air Reserve Base north of Atlanta and Redstone Arsenal in Alabama. GTRI engineers watched as the pilots put the Aviation Survivability Equipment (ASE) through all its operations and recorded what happened on video.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENext, a development team led by GTRI Research Scientist Heyward Adams began developing the emulator in a standard military Windows-based computer, using cards to simulate the sensors that would normally be providing data to the MFD. The emulator plugs into the aircraft\u2019s 1553 bus, and can simulate inputs from two radar warning receivers: the AN\/APR 39A(V)1\/4 and AN\/APR 48A .\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThough the lab-based computer isn\u2019t flight-worthy, it provides the exact look-and-feel of the Apache and Black Hawk EW systems so Army mission software developers can make sure the graphical elements are clear and correct.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe ingest the data that\u2019s coming out of the cards just like the real hardware would in the helicopter and represent it accurately,\u201d Adams said. \u201cThe graphics we generate provide the exact look and feel, which we showed to pilots of the helicopter to make sure we were accurate.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe emulator is already in use by Army mission software developers in the ARAT laboratories in Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. The GTRI researchers say the system could be easily adapted to other aircraft.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe framework we used to develop the emulator is scalable, so it\u2019s not tied to just one specific multi-function display,\u201d Adams said. \u201cOur system is set up in such a way that we could quickly and cost-effectively emulate other systems, or even an entire cockpit.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe ASE tracks threats such as surface-to-air missiles. Because the helicopters fly at low altitudes, there\u2019s little time to react, and no time for errors. Most threats are handled automatically, but the crew needs to know what is happening at all times.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cFor pilots flying these helicopters, this is a primary display for all the threat information they are encountering,\u201d said Miller. \u201cThis is their lifeline, and pilots have to be confident that the system will work right every time.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Ben Brumfield (404-385-1933) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:ben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAn emulator program developed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is helping the U.S. Army test software updates to get them fielded faster.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"An emulator program is helping the U.S. Army test software updates to get them fielded faster."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2016-07-25 11:00:57","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:22:08","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2016-07-25T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2016-07-25T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"555011":{"id":"555011","type":"image","title":"Apache Helicopter","body":null,"created":"1469458356","gmt_created":"2016-07-25 14:52:36","changed":"1475895353","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:55:53","alt":"Apache Helicopter","file":{"fid":"206585","name":"apache.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/apache.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/apache.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1601346,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/apache.jpg?itok=AsizJIkM"}},"555021":{"id":"555021","type":"image","title":"Helicopter Emulator","body":null,"created":"1469458439","gmt_created":"2016-07-25 14:53:59","changed":"1475895353","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:55:53","alt":"Helicopter Emulator","file":{"fid":"206586","name":"emulator-4564.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/emulator-4564.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/emulator-4564.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1596980,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/emulator-4564.jpg?itok=IRUQCDh5"}}},"media_ids":["555011","555021"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"6373","name":"apache"},{"id":"170498","name":"Black Hawk"},{"id":"7407","name":"emulator"},{"id":"6370","name":"helicopter"},{"id":"172207","name":"software update"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"548281":{"#nid":"548281","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Lockheed Martin Sells Real Estate to Georgia Tech","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELockheed Martin\u0026nbsp;and the Georgia Institute of Technology have signed a contract on a real estate deal that includes four buildings and 52 acres on Lockheed Martin\u2019s south campus in Marietta.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECollocated with five buildings occupied by the Georgia Tech Research Institute in Cobb County, the additional space for conducting and administering applied research will relieve crowding in Georgia Tech\u2019s rapidly expanding research enterprise.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cLockheed Martin and Georgia Tech have worked together in numerous areas over the years,\u201d said Georgia Tech President G.P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson. \u201cThis is another area in which our collaboration will prove to be mutually beneficial as we both look to serve our nation with our respective capabilities.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe portion of the Lockheed Martin facility being sold previously housed the offices and operations for the F-22 Raptor program. These facilities were vacated when production of the F-22 ceased in 2013.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis is a win-win situation as we evolve our business and assist Georgia Tech in expanding their capabilities,\u201d said Karmyn Norwood, Lockheed Martin vice president for line of business integration.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe deal could see as many as 500 jobs located in Cobb County as Georgia Tech uses the facility for research and education.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis is great news for Cobb County,\u201d said Tim Lee, Cobb County Commission Chairman. \u201cBoth Lockheed Martin and the Georgia Tech Research Institute are great community partners and this purchase strengthens our reputation as a center for research, development and hi-tech jobs.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout Lockheed Martin\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHeadquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, Lockheed Martin is a global security and aerospace company that employs approximately 125,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout Georgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EConsistently ranked in the U.S. News \u0026amp; World Report\u2019s top 10 public universities in the United States, the Georgia Institute of Technology is creating the next \u2013 the next idea, the next technology, and the next legion of agile minds well equipped to imagine and engineer our future. Georgia Tech provides a focused, technologically based education to 25,000 undergradute and graduate students committed to improving the human condition through advanced science and technology. Undergraduate and graduate degrees are offered in the colleges of Business, Computing, Design, Engineering, Sciences and Liberal Arts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELockheed Martin\u0026nbsp;and the Georgia Institute of Technology have signed a contract on a real estate deal that includes four buildings and 52 acres on Lockheed Martin\u2019s south campus in Marietta.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Four buildings on 52 acres going from Lockheed to Georgia Tech in Cobb County real estate deal."}],"uid":"28797","created_gmt":"2016-06-27 08:50:23","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:22:00","author":"Lance Wallace","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2016-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2016-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"548371":{"id":"548371","type":"image","title":"Lockheed Martin Building L-22","body":null,"created":"1467316800","gmt_created":"2016-06-30 20:00:00","changed":"1475895343","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:55:43","alt":"Lockheed Martin Building L-22","file":{"fid":"92572","name":"lm_ga_tech_trm001.jpeg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lm_ga_tech_trm001.jpeg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lm_ga_tech_trm001.jpeg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":813955,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/lm_ga_tech_trm001.jpeg?itok=MQw3GkxS"}}},"media_ids":["548371"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.lockheedmartin.com\/","title":"Lockheed Martin"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"131","name":"Economic Development and Policy"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2558","name":"Lockheed Martin"},{"id":"170432","name":"property sale"},{"id":"170433","name":"real estate deal"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"106361","name":"Business and Economic Development"},{"id":"71871","name":"Campus and Community"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELance Wallace\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lance.wallace@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"538811":{"#nid":"538811","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Hearing snap, crackle, pop may help heal your knee","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EYou\u2019ve injured your knee. A doctor straps a listening device to it, and the noises you hear coming out of it are cringe-worthy. \u201cCrackle! Krglkrglkrgl! Snap!\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYour knee isn\u2019t breaking; it\u2019s only bending, and in the future, those sounds could help doctors determine whether the convalescing joint is healthy yet, or if it needs more therapy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch engineers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are developing a knee band with microphones and vibration sensors to listen to and measure the sounds inside the joint.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt could lead to a future device to help orthopedic specialists assess damage after an injury and track the progress of recovery.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFormer NCAA athlete\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOmer Inan has suffered knee pain himself and had been thinking about developing such a device for some time. The assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering is a former discus thrower who was a three-time NCAA All-American at Stanford University and the school record holder.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHe spent years whirling around like a tornado, which knees aren\u2019t built for. Add to that the stress and strain of weight training that included squats with 500-pound loads.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI would always feel like my knee was creaking or popping more if I was putting more stress on it,\u201d Inan said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThen the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) issued a call for research proposals on wearable technologies for assisting rehabilitation, and the researcher at the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering pitched his idea.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInan\u2019s group has published a paper on the latest state of development in the journal \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpl\/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7435308\u0026amp;filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A4359967%29\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EIEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering online\u003C\/a\u003E, official print publication is pending. The research is being sponsored by the DARPA Biological Technologies Office. Inan leads a team of 17 researchers, including Georgia Tech faculty in ECE and Applied Physiology and graduate students.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDelightfully gross\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen he heard the first recordings of crackly grinding in early experiments, Inan was delighted. \u201cIt was a lot louder than expected and a lot clearer,\u201d he said. That meant instant progress.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo others, it just sounds gross. \u201cIt\u2019s a little bit like some kind of Halloween stuff happening. You\u2019re listening to your bones rubbing on each other, or maybe cartilage,\u201d Inan said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDoctors call the joint cracking \u201ccrepitus,\u201d which rings oddly of \u201cdecrepit.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome 100 years ago, physicians thought that racket might contain a message and listened to it with large stethoscopes. Now, Inan hopes that in the future, medical research will build on the acoustical sensing technology his group is designing, and eventually decode the sound into useful patterns.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECurrently, the researchers are graphing out the recorded audio and matching it to the joint\u2019s range of motion to see where exactly in the leg\u2019s extending and bending the knee creates creaks and pops. The result has peaks and squiggles that resemble an electrocardiogram or other physiological signal.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe acoustic pattern an injured knee produces is markedly different from that of an intact knee. \u201cIt\u2019s more erratic,\u201d Inan said. \u201cA healthy knee produces a more consistent pattern of noises.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBattlefield knee injuries\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf paired with medical research, Inan\u2019s acoustic device could lead to inexpensive, wearable monitors, which could benefit athletes who have overburdened their knees, and elderly patients who have slipped and fallen, but DARPA\u2019s interest is to cut down on repeat battlefield knee injuries and help get soldiers back to duty safely.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhat most people don\u2019t know is that musculoskeletal injuries of the knees and ankles are among the top reasons for discharge for active duty service members,\u201d Inan said. Backpacks weighing up to 100 pounds press down on soldiers, as they march for dozens of miles over tricky terrain, climb over obstacles on battlefields, and crouch in cramped spots for hours.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven without a fall or contortion, a soldier can land in surgery then in rehab. The problem may seem fixed months later, but too often it\u2019s not, and too often that\u2019s because of re-injury.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELike professional athletes, soldiers can be overly eager to leap back into the fray. \u201cThey were there in the first place because they wanted to help our country, so they want to get back to it,\u201d Inan said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOvercoming challenges\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter surgery and therapy, that knee may feel like new, but when a fervent soldier jumps back onto it, weaknesses from the injury kick in. As a result, re-injuries are 10 times more frequent than initial ones.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAn inexpensive wearable device could give soldiers and clinicians in the future feedback on convalescing knees to help them avoid major re-injury by refraining from heavy workloads when needed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat could benefit service members in the long run, too. Joint injuries compound over time, setting retired service members up for pain and loss of mobility long into civilian life. \u201cYou can have cases of early osteoarthritis,\u201d Inan said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut at this point, Inan\u2019s mission is to record the sounds in potentially useful quality. That has posed some challenges. The knee joint is surrounded by fluid, which blunts sound waves that are exiting the joint for the skin. Also, when a patient moves around, that causes extraneous noises that can drown out useful sounds.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe fact that the measurement has to occur by definition during movement is a challenge, because you can\u2019t just tell the person to be still and avoid motion artifacts,\u201d he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESmart phone-like mics\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers combined microphones with piezoelectric film. The film is a hypersensitive vibration sensor and collects the best sound, but it is very sensitive to interference. The microphones placed against the skin make for an ample backup and for a more practical device.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe knee monitor also takes advantage of a technical advancement you will find in your smart phone. Micro-electromechanical systems microphones, or MEMS, integrate better with current technology than microphones based on previous technologies, and that also makes the microphones downright cheap \u2013 50 cents to a dollar \u2013 for a very affordable device.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe paper\u2019s authors also included Caitlin N. Teague, Sinan Hersek, Hakan T\u00f6reyin, Mindy L. Millard-Stafford, Michael L. Jones, Geza F. Kogler and Michael N. Sawka, all from Georgia Tech. It was funded under contract number W911NF-14-C-0058 by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Acoustic engineering transcribes crackling knee sounds into moving graph"}],"field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New acoustic device research reveals even a healthy knee makes cringeworthy sounds. But the audio can be turned into graphs, and researchers hope they will some day become medically useful."}],"uid":"31759","created_gmt":"2016-05-23 11:05:05","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:21:42","author":"Ben Brumfield","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2016-05-23T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2016-05-23T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"539011":{"id":"539011","type":"image","title":"Listening devices detect vibrations in moving knee","body":null,"created":"1464703200","gmt_created":"2016-05-31 14:00:00","changed":"1475895326","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:55:26","alt":"Listening devices detect vibrations in moving knee","file":{"fid":"216416","name":"gt.knee_.acoustics.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustics.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustics.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1119153,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustics.jpg?itok=nbQcabSu"}},"538931":{"id":"538931","type":"image","title":"Prof. Omer Inan is developing knee listening device","body":null,"created":"1464703200","gmt_created":"2016-05-31 14:00:00","changed":"1475895326","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:55:26","alt":"Prof. Omer Inan is developing knee listening device","file":{"fid":"216414","name":"gt.prof_.omer_.inan_.face_.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gt.prof_.omer_.inan_.face_.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gt.prof_.omer_.inan_.face_.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1549917,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/gt.prof_.omer_.inan_.face_.jpg?itok=EqgUmL0F"}},"539001":{"id":"539001","type":"image","title":"Knee sounds end up as moving graph","body":null,"created":"1464703200","gmt_created":"2016-05-31 14:00:00","changed":"1475895326","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:55:26","alt":"Knee sounds end up as moving graph","file":{"fid":"216415","name":"gt.knee_.acoustic.graphs.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustic.graphs.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustic.graphs.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1356970,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustic.graphs.jpg?itok=ZkQke_u2"}},"539021":{"id":"539021","type":"image","title":"Acoustic knee device converts sounds into moving graphs","body":null,"created":"1464703200","gmt_created":"2016-05-31 14:00:00","changed":"1475895326","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:55:26","alt":"Acoustic knee device converts sounds into moving graphs","file":{"fid":"216417","name":"gt.knee_.acoustics.bench_.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustics.bench_.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustics.bench_.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1195593,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/gt.knee_.acoustics.bench_.jpg?itok=payB7zJM"}}},"media_ids":["539011","538931","539001","539021"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"116781","name":"BioMEMS"},{"id":"7316","name":"knee"},{"id":"170311","name":"knee injury"},{"id":"2557","name":"mems"},{"id":"170747","name":"microphone"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"98151","name":"piezoelectric MEMS"},{"id":"167014","name":"Sports"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39441","name":"Bioengineering and Bioscience"},{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71891","name":"Health and Medicine"},{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, GA 30032-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;Ben Brumfield,\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:ben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E, 404-660-1408; raw video and sound available upon request.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;Ben Brumfield\u003C\/p\u003E\u0026nbsp;","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["ben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"525881":{"#nid":"525881","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Technique Could Improve Detection of Concealed Nuclear Materials","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers have demonstrated proof of concept for a novel low-energy nuclear reaction imaging technique designed to detect the presence of \u201cspecial nuclear materials\u201d \u2013 weapons-grade uranium and plutonium \u2013 in cargo containers arriving at U.S. ports. The method relies on a combination of neutrons and high-energy photons to detect shielded radioactive materials inside the containers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe technique can simultaneously measure the suspected material\u2019s density and atomic number using mono-energetic gamma ray imaging, while confirming the presence of special nuclear materials by observing their unique delayed neutron emission signature. The mono-energetic nature of the novel radiation source could result in a lower radiation dose as compared to conventionally employed methods. As a result, the technique could increase the detection performance while avoiding harm to electronics and other cargo that may be sensitive to radiation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf the technique can be scaled up and proven under real inspection conditions, it could significantly improve the ability to prevent the smuggling of dangerous nuclear materials and their potential diversion to terrorist groups.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESupported the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the research was reported April 18 in the Nature journal \u003Cem\u003EScientific Reports\u003C\/em\u003E. Scientists from the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of Michigan, and the Pennsylvania State University conducted this research, which is believed to be the first successful effort to identify and image uranium using this approach.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOnce heavy shielding is placed around weapons-grade uranium or plutonium, detecting them passively using radiation detectors surrounding a 40-foot cargo container is very difficult,\u201d said \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/faculty\/erickson\u0022\u003EAnna Erickson\u003C\/a\u003E, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorge W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E. \u201cOne way to deal with this challenge is to induce the emission of an intense, penetrating radiation signal in the material, which requires an external source of radiation.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe technique begins with an ion accelerator producing deuterons, heavy isotopes of hydrogen. The deuterons impinge on a target composed of boron, which produces both neutrons and high-energy photons. The resulting particles are focused into a fan shaped beam that could be used to scan the cargo container.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe transmission of high-energy photons can be used to image materials inside the cargo container, while both the photons and neutrons excite the special nuclear material \u2013 which then emits gamma rays and neutrons that can be detected outside the container. Transmission imaging detectors located in the line of sight of the interrogating fan beam of photons create the image of the cargo.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe gamma rays of different energies interact with the material in very different ways, and how the signals are attenuated will be a very good indicator of what the atomic number of the hidden material is, and its potential density,\u201d Erickson explained. \u201cWe can observe the characteristics of transmission of these particles to understand what we are looking at.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen the neutrons interact with fissile materials, they initiate a fission reaction, generating both prompt and delayed neutrons that can be detected despite the shielding. The neutrons do not prompt a time-delayed reaction with non-fissionable materials such as lead, providing an indicator that materials of potential use for development of nuclear weapons are inside the shielding.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIf you have something benign, but heavy \u2013 like tungsten, for instance \u2013 versus something heavy and shielded like uranium, we can tell from the signatures of the neutrons,\u201d Erickson said. \u201cWe can see the signature of special nuclear materials very clearly in the form of delayed neutrons. This happens only if there are special nuclear materials present.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEarlier efforts at active detection of radioactive materials used X-rays to image the cargo containers, but that technique had difficulty with the heavy shielding and could harm the cargo if the radiation dose was high, Erickson said. Because it uses discrete energies of the photons and neutrons, the new technique minimizes the amount of energy entering the container.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at Georgia Tech \u2013 led by Erickson \u2013 and at University of Michigan and Penn State University \u2013 led by Igor Jovanovic, professor of nuclear engineering and radiological sciences \u2013 demonstrated that the technique works in a laboratory setting by detecting uranium plates and rods.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn testing conducted in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at the Bates Linear Accelerator Center, the researchers used a fan-like pattern of particles created by an ion accelerator and emitted at 4.4 and 15.1 MeV. The particles passed through a shielded radioactive material, and were measured on the other side with Cherenkov quartz detectors connected to photomultiplier tubes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis provided proof that the physics works, and that we can use these particles to actually distinguish among various materials, including special nuclear materials,\u201d Jovanovic said. The technique has not yet been tested under the real-world conditions of a steel cargo container, but such demonstration may take place in the near future.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the potential homeland security uses, the technology could also find application in materials science, medical imaging, low-energy nuclear physics and industrial imaging. In addition to Erickson and Jovanovic, the research included graduate students Paul Rose, Jr. (Georgia Tech) and Jason Nattress (University of Michigan) and postdoctoral research associate Michael Mayer (Penn State University).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ECCS-1348366 and ECCS-1348328 and by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award Number 2014-DN-077-ARI079-02 and 2014-DN-077-ARI078-02. The research of Jason Nattress was performed under appointment to the Nuclear Nonproliferation International Safeguards Graduate Fellowship Program sponsored by the National Nuclear Security Administration\u2019s Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the NSF or the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECITATION\u003C\/strong\u003E: Paul Rose, Anna Erickson, Michael Mayer, Jason Nattress and Igor Jovanovic, \u201cUncovering Special Nuclear Materials by Low-energy Nuclear Reaction Imaging,\u0022 (\u003Cem\u003EScientific Reports\u003C\/em\u003E, 2016). \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/srep24388\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/srep24388\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-894-6986) or Ben Brumfield (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:ben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eben.brumfield@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-358-1933).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers have demonstrated proof of concept for a novel low-energy nuclear reaction imaging technique designed to detect the presence of \u201cspecial nuclear materials\u201d \u2013 weapons-grade uranium and plutonium \u2013 in cargo containers arriving at U.S. ports. The method relies on a combination of neutrons and high-energy photons to detect shielded radioactive materials inside the containers.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have demonstrated proof of concept for a novel low-energy nuclear reaction imaging technique designed to detect the presence of \u201cspecial nuclear materials.\u201d"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2016-04-16 20:12:20","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:21:21","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2016-04-18T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2016-04-18T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"525841":{"id":"525841","type":"image","title":"Nuclear Reaction Cherenkov Detector","body":null,"created":"1461074400","gmt_created":"2016-04-19 14:00:00","changed":"1475895298","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:54:58","alt":"Nuclear Reaction Cherenkov Detector","file":{"fid":"205501","name":"nuclear-reaction1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nuclear-reaction1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nuclear-reaction1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1110102,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/nuclear-reaction1.jpg?itok=IkpN7xvE"}},"525851":{"id":"525851","type":"image","title":"Nuclear Reaction Ion Acclerator","body":null,"created":"1461074400","gmt_created":"2016-04-19 14:00:00","changed":"1475895298","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:54:58","alt":"Nuclear Reaction Ion Acclerator","file":{"fid":"205502","name":"nuclear-reaction2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nuclear-reaction2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nuclear-reaction2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1148156,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/nuclear-reaction2_0.jpg?itok=-2XAqLqa"}},"525861":{"id":"525861","type":"image","title":"Nuclear Reaction Imaging Schematic","body":null,"created":"1461074400","gmt_created":"2016-04-19 14:00:00","changed":"1475895298","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:54:58","alt":"Nuclear Reaction Imaging Schematic","file":{"fid":"205503","name":"nuclear-reaction-schematic.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nuclear-reaction-schematic_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nuclear-reaction-schematic_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":225258,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/nuclear-reaction-schematic_1.jpg?itok=cBkNLsQW"}}},"media_ids":["525841","525851","525861"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"171927","name":"ion accelerator"},{"id":"170124","name":"nuclear materials"},{"id":"170125","name":"nuclear reaction imaging"},{"id":"170128","name":"radioactive materials"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"145171","name":"Cybersecurity"},{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"525981":{"#nid":"525981","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Innovation Addresses Rising Thermal Challenges in Mobile Devices, Computers and Data Centers","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the struggle to improve the performance of mobile devices such as smartphones, extending battery life is just one part of the effort.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESystem designers must increasingly worry about removing heat, an unwanted byproduct of watching a YouTube video, shooting a selfie, or updating a Facebook page.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the same way that physical limits on the size of transistors may throttle the performance growth promised by Moore\u2019s Law (the expectation that computer processing power will double about every two years), the challenge of removing heat from ever-smaller transistors also poses a threat to continued efficiency improvements. The resulting tradeoffs will affect everything that relies on integrated circuits \u2013 from mobile phones and tablets all the way up to high-performance computers and data centers the size of football fields.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt Georgia Tech, researchers are addressing these thermal challenges in broad and bold ways. Their efforts include designing chips that operate with less power, providing new forms of cooling, and optimizing data center operations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe challenges on the small scale are very different from the challenges at the large scale,\u201d said Yogendra Joshi, a professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, whose research group studies thermal challenges in a comprehensive way. \u201cEveryone wants more capabilities in the devices they are using, but there are tradeoffs to be made at each level.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERead the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.rh.gatech.edu\/features\/cooler-runnings\u0022\u003Ecomplete feature\u003C\/a\u003E on the Research Horizons website\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAt Georgia Tech, researchers are addressing thermal challenges for electronic equipment in broad and bold ways. Their efforts include designing chips that operate with less power, providing new forms of cooling, and optimizing data center operations.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"At Georgia Tech, researchers are addressing thermal challenges for electronic equipment in broad and bold ways."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2016-04-17 21:47:29","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:21:21","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2016-04-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2016-04-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"526131":{"id":"526131","type":"image","title":"Yogendra Joshi Data Center","body":null,"created":"1461078000","gmt_created":"2016-04-19 15:00:00","changed":"1475895298","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:54:58","alt":"Yogendra Joshi Data Center","file":{"fid":"205514","name":"yogendra-joshi.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/yogendra-joshi_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/yogendra-joshi_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2253694,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/yogendra-joshi_0.jpg?itok=6GakciaO"}},"526141":{"id":"526141","type":"image","title":"Mobile Cooling","body":null,"created":"1461078000","gmt_created":"2016-04-19 15:00:00","changed":"1475895298","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:54:58","alt":"Mobile Cooling","file":{"fid":"205515","name":"mobile-cooling.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mobile-cooling_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mobile-cooling_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1596821,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/mobile-cooling_0.jpg?itok=mHt4mBAH"}}},"media_ids":["526131","526141"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"437","name":"cooling"},{"id":"110561","name":"data centers"},{"id":"12739","name":"mobile devices"},{"id":"170133","name":"thermal control"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39531","name":"Energy and Sustainable Infrastructure"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"468081":{"#nid":"468081","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Collaboration with CNN Investigates Use of UAVs for Newsgathering","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn June 2014, the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and CNN launched a joint research initiative to study the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for newsgathering. In January 2015, CNN signed an agreement with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to share the results of the research. The project is now gaining momentum as researchers shift their focus from evaluating UAV equipment to developing potential protocols for safe operations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe issue: Hobbyists can fly drones without FAA oversight as long as the aircraft weighs 55 pounds or less, flies in unpopulated areas, and remains within line of sight of the operator. Yet flying drones for commercial purposes requires review and approval by the FAA. The only way to get a thumbs-up from the FAA is to pursue airworthiness certification (an expensive and complicated process that can take up to a year), or secure a \u201cSection 333 exemption.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA Section 333 exemption allows the FAA to waive the airworthiness requirement as long as the commercial UAV flights are conducted under a number of restrictions. Among these restrictions: Drone operators must notify local aviation authorities two or three days prior to flight \u2014 and operations over people or near airports are off-limits.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cSecuring a 333 exemption is doable for the movie industry since obtaining aerial footage can be planned far in advance,\u201d observed Mike Heiges, a \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGTRI\u003C\/a\u003E principal research engineer who leads the CNN project. \u201cYet journalists can\u2019t operate under these rules for breaking news and chaotic situations where there may be emergency responders, police helicopters, or the National Guard.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGranted, drones aren\u2019t needed for every news story, but they provide a unique perspective in many situations, said Greg Agvent, senior director of news operations for CNN\/US.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cBeing able to fly over an area after an earthquake or tornado hits would provide a deeper understanding of how widespread the devastation is,\u201d Agvent explained and pointed to the May 12 Amtrak train derailment in Philadelphia. \u201cPart of the issue with the accident was the speed going into the curve. The ability to get footage from 200 feet in the air would have presented a better sense of the curve \u2014 context that you simply couldn\u2019t get from the ground.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESafety of news personnel is another benefit of drone journalism, Agvent added. \u201cIn many cases, such as a flood, safety would trump context. We could capture footage of an event without putting our people in harm\u2019s way.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome of the research that comes out of the project will be helpful beyond newsgathering, observed Dave Price, a GTRI senior research technologist working on the project. \u201cCommercial drones are of interest for crop monitoring and inspection of bridges and railroad tracks,\u201d he explained. \u201cRailroads and agriculture agencies will be able see the results of CNN\u2019s camera selection and stabilization systems and take advantage of this for their own applications.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Right Stuff\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDuring the past year, the researchers, including GTRI and CNN staff, have been investigating different UAVs that could carry the type of camera systems journalists need to shoot and transmit aerial footage.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat\u2019s easier said than done. For one thing, the commercial drone industry is in its infancy. Manufacturers come and go, and there aren\u2019t a great number with a long track record. Another challenge is finding the right equipment \u2014 airframes and payloads that match up. \u201cIt\u2019s a trade-off,\u201d Heiges explained. \u201cYou have to factor in size, weight, and power of what you want to put on the aircraft with what the aircraft can carry.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFlight times for many commercial drones aren\u2019t long enough for CNN\u2019s purposes, nor is video quality high enough. \u201cTo install a better camera, you need a bigger vehicle for endurance,\u201d Heiges said. \u201cAnd that means stepping up to UAVs that were developed for the military, which dramatically increases price.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has been testing drones since 2006 through the FAA\u2019s certificate of authorization process, which enables public institutions to operate drones in national airspace for research purposes. Currently, GTRI holds 28 certificates of authorization for specific locations in five states. For the project with CNN, GTRI provides pilots to fly the drones in approved areas, plans the flight tests with CNN\u2019s participation, collects data, and prepares reports with recommendations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of CNN\u2019s takeaways from the flight tests: Drone journalism is no one-person show. \u201cIn most cases, especially for live video, you need three people,\u201d Agvent said. This includes a pilot to guide the actions of the UAV and an operator for the camera, which is usually suspended under the drone and sits on gimbals for stabilization.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe third person, a spotter, is particularly important in urban areas,\u201d Agvent continued. \u201cThe spotter focuses solely on situational awareness and communicates to the pilot about people and other aircraft that may be in the area. In some cases, you could get by with a two- person team \u2014 a pilot\/cameraman and a spotter \u2014 but a trio is best to ensure both high quality and safety.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdvancing to Operational Protocols\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019ve hit a lot of milestones in the past year,\u201d Agvent said. \u201cNow, we begin to work on the finer points of flight operations and coordinating with air traffic control.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the FAA\u2019s chief concerns with drones is getting the word out to manned aircraft about a UAV\u2019s presence in the area. The current practice is to file a \u201cnotice to airmen\u201d two or three days in advance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA new technology known as automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) could provide a just-in-time alternative to the notice to airmen. Developed by the FAA, this technology enables aircraft to broadcast their GPS coordinates to anyone in the local air space that has ADS-B, and vice-versa, so the drone operator would be able to see other aircraft.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s like having an air traffic radar map inside your cockpit,\u201d Heiges said. \u201cEven better, unlike conventional radar, ADS-B works all the way to the ground.\u201d That\u2019s important, because, in some situations, journalists may need to cooperate with police helicopters or medical aircraft flying at low altitudes to pick up patients.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeo-fencing technologies, which prevent UAVs from entering airport and other restricted areas, could add another layer of safety, Heiges added.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBecause FAA rules prohibit drones from flying over people, crowd-control issues must also be resolved. For example, are journalists responsible for blocking off the area where they wish to fly drones \u2014 or do they communicate with on-scene commanders to find out where they can operate?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOver the next few months, GTRI and CNN will meet with regional emergency responders and other stakeholders to address these questions and develop an operational framework. Then GTRI will work with law enforcement agencies to test the procedures at remote locations. \u201cWe\u2019ll hold mock trials and simulate circumstances that would happen in a breaking news situation,\u201d Heiges explained.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECreating appropriate regulations for various types of UAV flights is important, as the flight landscape has changed dramatically in recent years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen people built radio-controlled airplanes out of balsa wood, they learned the rules for flying and flew aircraft at sanctioned sites,\u201d Heiges said. \u201cYet in the past few years, we now have multi-rotors and quad-rotors with automatic stabilization that don\u2019t require the same skills. People are flying them out of the box without knowing the rules. That can be dangerous if flown beyond visual range. Any significant accident will set back the industry, punishing those who do follow the rules.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEven small drones could cause a helicopter or aircraft to go down if it gets caught in a propeller or pulled into an engine. Indeed, drones have been in the news this past summer for interfering with firefighting efforts in California, including a San Bernadino wildfire where drones operated by curious hobbyists caused fire pilots to pull out of the fray for 30 minutes, allowing the fire to spread.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe one thing that doesn\u2019t get talked about enough is the differentiation between hobbyists and commercial drone users \u2014 and that most of the problems are caused by laymen,\u201d said Agvent. \u201cOur goal is to create a framework that allows for safe integration of commercial drones for newsgathering. It\u2019s about having trusted vendors, trusted aircraft, and trusted procedures in place to act in a safe manner.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: T.J. Becker\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn June 2014, the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and CNN launched a joint research initiative to study the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for newsgathering. In January 2015, CNN signed an agreement with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to share the results of the research. The project is now gaining momentum as researchers shift their focus from evaluating UAV equipment to developing potential protocols for safe operations.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute have been working with CNN to investigate the use of UAVs in newsgathering."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2015-11-10 10:15:19","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:19:58","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2015-11-10T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2015-11-10T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"468031":{"id":"468031","type":"image","title":"UAV in CNN World Headquarters","body":null,"created":"1449257147","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 19:25:47","changed":"1475895216","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:53:36","alt":"UAV in CNN World Headquarters","file":{"fid":"203811","name":"cnn-gtri-003.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnn-gtri-003_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnn-gtri-003_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1937943,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cnn-gtri-003_0.jpg?itok=c7shSLtE"}},"468041":{"id":"468041","type":"image","title":"UAV in CNN World Headquarters","body":null,"created":"1449257147","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 19:25:47","changed":"1475895216","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:53:36","alt":"UAV in CNN World Headquarters","file":{"fid":"203812","name":"cnn-gtri-002.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnn-gtri-002_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnn-gtri-002_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1919563,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cnn-gtri-002_0.jpg?itok=fisU5AbW"}}},"media_ids":["468031","468041"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"139","name":"Business"},{"id":"143","name":"Digital Media and Entertainment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"496","name":"CNN"},{"id":"4341","name":"FAA"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"3245","name":"News"},{"id":"147341","name":"newsgathering"},{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"},{"id":"3249","name":"unmanned aerial vehicle"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"},{"id":"39521","name":"Robotics"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71901","name":"Society and Culture"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"455491":{"#nid":"455491","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Liquid Cooling Moves onto the Chip for Denser Electronics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EUsing microfluidic passages cut directly into the backsides of production field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices, Georgia Institute of Technology researchers are putting liquid cooling right where it\u2019s needed the most \u2013 a few hundred microns away from where the transistors are operating.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECombined with connection technology that operates through structures in the cooling passages, the new technologies could allow development of denser and more powerful integrated electronic systems that would no longer require heat sinks or cooling fans on top of the integrated circuits. Working with popular 28-nanometer FPGA devices made by Altera Corp., the researchers have demonstrated a monolithically-cooled chip that can operate at temperatures more than 60 percent below those of similar air-cooled chips.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to more processing power, the lower temperatures can mean longer device life and less current leakage. The cooling comes from simple de-ionized water flowing through microfluidic passages that replace the massive air-cooled heat sinks normally placed on the backs of chips.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe believe we have eliminated one of the major barriers to building high-performance systems that are more compact and energy efficient,\u201d said \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=163\u0022\u003EMuhannad Bakir\u003C\/a\u003E, an associate professor and ON Semiconductor Junior Professor in the Georgia Tech \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E. \u201cWe have eliminated the heat sink atop the silicon die by moving liquid cooling just a few hundred microns away from the transistors. We believe that reliably integrating microfluidic cooling directly on the silicon will be a disruptive technology for a new generation of electronics.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESupported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the research is believed to be the first example of liquid cooling directly on an operating high-performance CMOS chip. Details of the research were presented on September 28 at the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference in San Jose, Calif.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELiquid cooling has been used to address the heat challenges facing computing systems whose power needs have been increasing. However, existing liquid cooling technology removes heat using cold plates externally attached to fully packaged silicon chips \u2013 adding thermal resistance and reducing the heat-rejection efficiency.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo make their liquid cooling system, Bakir and graduate student Thomas Sarvey removed the heat sink and heat-spreading materials from the backs of stock Altera FPGA chips. They then etched cooling passages into the silicon, incorporating silicon cylinders approximately 100 microns in diameter to improve heat transmission into the liquid. A silicon layer was then placed over the flow passages, and ports were attached for the connection of water tubes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn multiple tests \u2013 including a demonstration for DARPA officials in Arlington, Virginia \u2013 a liquid-cooled FPGA was operated using a custom processor architecture provided by Altera. With a water inlet temperature of approximately 20 degrees Celsius and an inlet flow rate of 147 milliliters per minute, the liquid-cooled FPGA operated at a temperature of less than 24 degrees Celsius, compared to an air-cooled device that operated at 60 degrees Celsius.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESudhakar Yalamanchili, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and one of the research group\u2019s collaborators, joined the team for the DARPA demonstration to discuss electrical-thermal co-design.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe have created a real electronic platform to evaluate the benefits of liquid cooling versus air cooling,\u201d said Bakir. \u201cThis may open the door to stacking multiple chips, potentially multiple FPGA chips or FPGA chips with other chips that are high in power consumption. We are seeing a significant reduction in the temperature of these liquid-cooled chips.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe research team chose FPGAs for their test because they provide a platform to test different circuit designs, and because FPGAs are common in many market segments, including defense. However, the same technology could also be used to cool CPUs, GPUs and other devices such as power amplifiers, Bakir said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to improving overall cooling, the system could reduce hotspots in circuits by applying cooling much closer to the power source. Eliminating the heat sink could allow more compact packaging of electronic devices \u2013 but only if electrical connection issues are also addressed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a separate research project, Bakir\u2019s group has demonstrated the fabrication of copper vias that would run through the silicon columns that are part of the cooling structure fabricated on the FPGAs. Graduate student Hanju Oh, co-advised with College of Engineering Dean Gary May, fabricated high aspect ratio copper vias through the silicon columns, reducing the capacitance of the connections that would carry signals between chips in an array.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe moment you start thinking about stacking the chips, you need to have copper vias to connect them,\u201d Bakir said. \u201cBy bringing system components closer together, we can reduce interconnect length and that will lead to improvements in bandwidth density and reductions in energy use.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe cooling research was funded by DARPA\u2019s Microsystems Technology Office, through the ICECOOL program. At Georgia Tech, DARPA funds two major cooling and system integration projects, one called STAECool directed by George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Professor Yogendra Joshi, and the other, called SuperCool, that is directed by Bakir. In collaboration with the STAECool effort, Bakir and Joshi, along with Professors Andrei Fedorov and Suresh Sitaraman from the School of Mechanical Engineering, developed a thermal design vehicle to emulate challenging power maps to test the benefits of microfluidic cooling.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe have reached an important milestone that we hope to use as a stepping stone to reach other objectives,\u201d said Bakir. \u201cThere is still a big challenge ahead, but we expect this to allow much denser, higher-performance computing systems that will dissipate less power. We can think of many interesting applications for these cooling technologies.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAltera\u2019s principal investigator for the project, Arifur Rahman, said: \u201cFuture high-performance semiconductor electronics will be increasingly dominated by thermal budget and ability to remove heat. The embedded microfluidic channels provide an intriguing option to remove heat from future microelectronics systems.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research was supported by DARPA-MTO; the contents of the news release are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of DARPA.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECITATION\u003C\/strong\u003E: Thomas E. Sarvey, et al., \u201cEmbedded Cooling Technologies for Densely Integrated Electronic Systems,\u201d (IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2015).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-894-6986)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EUsing microfluidic passages cut directly into the backsides of production field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices, Georgia Institute of Technology researchers are putting liquid cooling right where it\u2019s needed the most \u2013 a few hundred microns away from where the transistors are operating.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers are putting liquid cooling right where it\u2019s needed the most \u2013 a few hundred microns away from where the transistors are operating."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2015-10-05 12:58:48","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:19:43","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2015-10-05T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2015-10-05T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"455451":{"id":"455451","type":"image","title":"Liquid cooling ports","body":null,"created":"1449256319","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 19:11:59","changed":"1475895199","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:53:19","alt":"Liquid cooling ports","file":{"fid":"203464","name":"cooling-fpga2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cooling-fpga2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cooling-fpga2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1681909,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cooling-fpga2_0.jpg?itok=TiOYTQpv"}},"455461":{"id":"455461","type":"image","title":"Research on liquid cooling of chips","body":null,"created":"1449256319","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 19:11:59","changed":"1475895199","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:53:19","alt":"Research on liquid cooling of chips","file":{"fid":"203465","name":"cooling-fpga5.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cooling-fpga5_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cooling-fpga5_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1901534,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cooling-fpga5_0.jpg?itok=C3EukSPI"}},"455471":{"id":"455471","type":"image","title":"Liquid cooling ports2","body":null,"created":"1449256334","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 19:12:14","changed":"1475895199","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:53:19","alt":"Liquid cooling ports2","file":{"fid":"203466","name":"cooling-fpga4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cooling-fpga4_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cooling-fpga4_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1716160,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cooling-fpga4_0.jpg?itok=RL10hDNk"}},"455481":{"id":"455481","type":"image","title":"Research on liquid cooling of chips2","body":null,"created":"1449256334","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 19:12:14","changed":"1475895199","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:53:19","alt":"Research on liquid cooling of chips2","file":{"fid":"203467","name":"cooling-fpga6.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cooling-fpga6_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cooling-fpga6_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2572690,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cooling-fpga6_0.jpg?itok=D9f1FiI0"}}},"media_ids":["455451","455461","455471","455481"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"63151","name":"chip cooling"},{"id":"609","name":"electronics"},{"id":"124871","name":"FPGA"},{"id":"143631","name":"liquid cooling"},{"id":"12427","name":"microfluidics"},{"id":"12093","name":"Muhannad Bakir"},{"id":"167609","name":"semiconductor"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39531","name":"Energy and Sustainable Infrastructure"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"442861":{"#nid":"442861","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Joins Manufacturing Innovation Institute for Flexible Hybrid Electronics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology has become a founding member of the new Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Innovation Institute (FHE-MII) established by the U.S. Department of Defense. The Institute will receive up to $75 million in federal support over a five-year period, funding that will be matched by more than $96 million in cost sharing from private companies, universities, several U.S. states, not-for-profit organizations and the city of San Jose, Calif.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn August 28, U.S. Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter announced the award, which will go to the San Jose-based FlexTech Alliance, a research consortium and trade association that will create and manage the FHE-MII, which includes companies, laboratories and non-profit organizations, universities and state and regional organizations from across the United States.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile the Manufacturing Innovation Institute will be headquartered in San Jose, existing nodes around the country already have in place an infrastructure ready to solve some of the known manufacturing challenges. The Institute will distribute R\u0026amp;D funds via competitively bid project calls. Industry-generated technology roadmaps will drive project calls, timelines and investments.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe strength of the Institute will stem from the strong support and previous work of our partner organizations,\u201d said Malcolm Thompson, executive director of the FHE MII. \u201cGeorgia Tech\u2019s advanced work and broad understanding in so many of the Institute\u2019s key manufacturing thrusts \u2013 including electronic systems modeling and design, printed electronics, and packaging, assembly, test, and reliability assessment \u2013 will provide great benefits to both of our organizations.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u2019s FHE MII activities will be led by Suresh Sitaraman, a professor in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering. The effort will include faculty from the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and School of Industrial and Systems Engineering. Support will also come from the Institute of Electronics and Nanotechnology, the Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, the Institute of Materials and the\u0026nbsp;Office of Industry Collaboration.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cGeorgia Tech brings to the FHE MII a depth of expertise, outstanding innovation, and excellent infrastructure to address a wide range of technology challenges associated with flexible hybrid electronics,\u201d said Sitaraman. \u201cAt the FHE MII, the ongoing research at Georgia Tech will be integrated into technology demonstrator platforms and scaled up into the early-stage manufacturing prototype line. Thus, the FHE MII will facilitate the transition of the technologies developed at Georgia Tech and elsewhere around the country into real-world and use-inspired applications.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFlexible electronics are circuits and systems that can be bent, folded, stretched or conformed without losing their functionality. Hybrid electronics involves a mix of elements such as logic, memory, sensors, batteries, antennas, and various passives which may be printed or assembled on flexible substrates. Combined with low-cost manufacturing processes, flexible hybrid electronics will present an entirely new paradigm for a wide range of electronics used in health care, consumer, automotive, aerospace, energy, defense, as well as other applications. Thus, flexible hybrid electronics will provide a pervasive and powerful technology platform to address some of society\u2019s greatest challenges associated with food supply, clean water, clean energy, education, information, and safety and security.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cImagine skin-like electronic patches with sensors that can wirelessly alert when a pilot is fatigued, smart and flexible wrappers that can monitor the quality of food, and tablets that can be folded and kept in your pocket,\u201d said Sitaraman. \u201cMany of these ideas are in various stages of research today, and only through an effective manufacturing pathway will these innovative research pursuits be transitioned into viable products.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe new initiative leverages Georgia Tech\u2019s broad expertise in manufacturing and electronics technologies, said Stephen E. Cross, Georgia Tech\u2019s executive vice president for research.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThere is a recognized need to bolster the U.S. manufacturing sector. We will exploit our research base in flexible hybrid electronics and work with industry in a collaborative way to create new domestic jobs in Georgia and the U.S.,\u201d Cross said. \u201cWe look forward to working with the FlexTech Alliance to leverage our unique resources and attributes in this field to spur technology development and innovation leading to economic and workforce development in Georgia and the Southeast.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe new institute is part of the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation program (NNMI). The FHE MII is the seventh MII announced\u2014the fifth under Department of Defense management. The NNMI program is an initiative of the Obama Administration to support advanced manufacturing in the U.S. Each institute is part of a growing network dedicated to securing U.S. leadership in the emerging technologies required to win the next generation of advanced manufacturing. Bridging the gap between applied research and large-scale product manufacturing, the institutes bring together companies, universities, other academic and training institutions, and federal agencies to co-invest in technology areas that benefit the nation\u2019s commercial and national defense interests.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAccording to Thompson, the MII will bring together the country\u2019s best scientists, engineers, manufacturing experts and business development professionals in the field of flexible hybrid electronics. Under the FlexTech initiative, the San Jose hub provides overall program direction, is the integrator of components, creates prototypes, and matures manufacturing readiness levels. \u201cFast start\u201d projects for equipment, materials, devices and other vital components will make use of existing node facilities and key personnel from around the country.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo complement the San Jose hub, key technology nodes will be linked and include IC thinning, system design and fabrication, integration and assembly, and flexible hybrid electronics applications. Several regional nodes have been recognized and more are expected. Those currently aligned to the Institute are centers and educational institutions throughout California, along with Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, North Dakota, Ohio and Texas. The academic lead organizations for the System Design and Fabrication Node are Georgia Tech and the University of Texas, Austin.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe FlexTech Alliance is a leading industry association focused on growth, profitability and success throughout the manufacturing and distribution chain of flexible, printed electronics and displays. By facilitating collaboration between and among industry, government, and academia, the FlexTech Alliance develops solutions for advancing these technologies from R\u0026amp;D to commercialization. For more information on FlexTech Alliance, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.flextech.org\u0022\u003Ewww.flextech.org\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology has become a founding member of the new Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Innovation Institute (FHE-MII) established by the U.S. Department of Defense. The Institute will receive up to $75 million in federal support over a five-year period, funding that will be matched by more than $96 million in cost sharing from private companies, universities, several U.S. states, not-for-profit organizations and the city of San Jose, Calif.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech has become a founding member of the new Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Innovation Institute (FHE-MII) established by the U.S. Department of Defense."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2015-08-31 20:14:49","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:19:29","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2015-08-31T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2015-08-31T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"442841":{"id":"442841","type":"image","title":"Flexible hybrid electronics","body":null,"created":"1449256190","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 19:09:50","changed":"1475895182","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:53:02","alt":"Flexible hybrid electronics","file":{"fid":"203117","name":"flexible0047.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/flexible0047_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/flexible0047_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3949543,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/flexible0047_0.jpg?itok=0EzgfkQc"}},"443101":{"id":"443101","type":"image","title":"flexible hybrid electronics1","body":null,"created":"1449256205","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 19:10:05","changed":"1475895182","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:53:02","alt":"flexible hybrid electronics1","file":{"fid":"203118","name":"flexible341.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/flexible341_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/flexible341_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":842298,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/flexible341_0.jpg?itok=M67e9vHO"}}},"media_ids":["442841","443101"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"139961","name":"FHE-MII"},{"id":"12373","name":"flexible electronics"},{"id":"139941","name":"hybrid electronics"},{"id":"215","name":"manufacturing"},{"id":"139971","name":"manufacturing innovation institute"},{"id":"169475","name":"Suresh Sitaraman"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"412371":{"#nid":"412371","#data":{"type":"news","title":"\u201cReal Research\u201d Summer Program for High School Students Returns to Georgia Tech","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELast summer, Georgia Tech launched a program that brought nearly 40 high-school students face-to-face with real, goal-oriented university research. Known as the Science, Technology and Engineering Pipeline (STEP), the ambitious program is returning for a second year, having won praise from both participating students and their teachers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAll STEP projects directly contribute to ongoing undergraduate- or graduate-level research work. This year, the program is conducted under the auspices of the Georgia Tech Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory (ASDL) and the NASA Georgia Space Grant Consortium (GSGC).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe two-month program is free to those who are accepted. The Atlanta-area students work in teams, advised by Georgia Tech research scientists and graduate students who serve as mentors.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cInterest in the program has been strong all spring, and applications have come in at a pretty high rate,\u201d said Kelly Griendling, a Georgia Tech research engineer who designed and directed the STEP program. \u201cI\u0027ve gotten a lot of emails that basically say, \u2018I heard from my friend that this was a great program, and I\u0027d like to do it.\u2019 \u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELast summer\u2019s two-month program, she explained, dropped a wide range of knotty aerospace and vehicle related problems into the laps of student teams. The teams worked on portions of these real-world projects, and what the students achieved went to advance those projects. The students could ask for help from their mentors when necessary, but most of the time they worked on their own.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKelly Ingle, a teacher at Kennesaw Mountain High School who is familiar with STEP, believes that the students who participated in last summer\u2019s program experienced \u201creal life,\u201d gaining independence, improving problem-solving abilities, and learning to be team players in actual research.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI have two students in my current classes who attended STEP last summer,\u201d Ingle said. \u201cWatching their approach to research this semester, it\u2019s evident to me that the STEP experience was beneficial.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe atmosphere in the STEP research laboratories last summer seemed both highly enthusiastic and very serious. On one late-July afternoon, a visitor to STEP found a 10th grade student working at a computer developing robotic-vision capability software for a U.S. Navy autonomous boat concept. A few feet away, two 10th grade students were using a CAD workstation to explore a NASA project that aims to move an asteroid millions of miles through space to a moon orbit.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENearby, an 11th grader was trouble-shooting a hybrid-electric aircraft engine. At the next desk his colleagues were working on the hybrid engine itself, which had been designed to power an innovative unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that was being developed by yet another STEP team.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELast summer\u2019s youthful researchers seemed to like STEP\u2019s throw-them-in-the-deep-end approach.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENick Tysver, a 10th grader from Lithia Springs High School who was on the autonomous boat\/robotics vision team, told a visitor last summer: \u0022It was really interesting \u2013 on the first day the mentors were like, \u0027This is your project, get going.\u2019 That isn\u0027t at all like high school, where they inch you along \u2013 here they get you going in the right direction, and you know you\u0027re going to end up doing fine.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProjects for the 2015 STEP session haven\u2019t been finalized. They will likely include both established and new research topics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBoth new students and some returning students will participate in this summer\u2019s program.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cGSGC is thrilled to be working with ASDL to expand the highly effective program to multiple labs in Aerospace Engineering,\u201d said Professor Stephen Ruffin, director of the GSGC.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlthough summer 2015 applications have recently closed, interested parties can contact Kelly Griendling (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kelly.griendling@asdl.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekelly.griendling@asdl.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) to inquire about applications for future semesters.\u003Cbr \/\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003EDuring the 2014 session, most students participated on one of six teams:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe Hybrid Electric team worked on an airborne hybrid-electric propulsion system designed by a Georgia Tech graduate student.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe UAV Design team was tasked with designing an unmanned aircraft that would be powered by the hybrid electric engine.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe Asteroid Capture team worked on a NASA plan to redirect an asteroid to a stable orbit around the moon, where astronauts can later visit it for research purposes.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe Quadrotor team was required to assemble and test several kits for quadrotors \u2013 small helicopters propelled by four propellers \u2013 and then design, build and test a custom quadrotor.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe Rotor\/Propeller Testing team performed a series of wind-tunnel tests on various motor-propeller combinations, to gather data and make performance predictions that can be used to support vehicle design efforts.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe Autonomous Boat team focused on developing software code for an autonomous boat design, as part of a Naval Engineering Education Center (NEEC) project.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELast summer, Georgia Tech launched a program that brought nearly 40 high-school students face-to-face with real, goal-oriented university research. Known as the Science, Technology and Engineering Pipeline (STEP), the ambitious program is returning for a second year, having won praise from both participating students and their teachers.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A program that brings high-school students face-to-face with real, goal-oriented university research will be returning this summer."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2015-06-09 09:46:32","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:18:33","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2015-06-09T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2015-06-09T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"412191":{"id":"412191","type":"image","title":"Hybrid-electric","body":null,"created":"1449254211","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 18:36:51","changed":"1475895142","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 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boat","file":{"fid":"202336","name":"step14a.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/step14a_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/step14a_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2047814,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/step14a_0.jpg?itok=EFKhQ2pC"}},"412261":{"id":"412261","type":"image","title":"Motor-propellor","body":null,"created":"1449254211","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 18:36:51","changed":"1475895142","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 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02:52:22","alt":"Quadrotor-UAV","file":{"fid":"202339","name":"step23a.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/step23a_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/step23a_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1649541,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/step23a_0.jpg?itok=DiFNlH6B"}},"412291":{"id":"412291","type":"image","title":"STEP-program","body":null,"created":"1449254211","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 18:36:51","changed":"1475895142","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:52:22","alt":"STEP-program","file":{"fid":"202340","name":"step30a.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/step30a_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/step30a_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1906005,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/step30a_0.jpg?itok=CKVAiBBr"}}},"media_ids":["412191","412211","412311","412221","412241","412261","412281","412291"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1325","name":"aerospace"},{"id":"100921","name":"ASDL"},{"id":"327","name":"high school"},{"id":"167505","name":"STEP"},{"id":"167441","name":"student research"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39541","name":"Systems"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71901","name":"Society and Culture"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"405111":{"#nid":"405111","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New chip architecture may provide foundation for quantum computer","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EQuantum computers are in theory capable of simulating the interactions of molecules at a level of detail far beyond the capabilities of even the largest supercomputers today. Such simulations could revolutionize chemistry, biology and materials science, but the development of quantum computers has been limited by the ability to increase the number of quantum bits, or qubits, that encode, store and access large amounts of data.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a paper published in the \u003Cem\u003EJournal of Applied Physics\u003C\/em\u003E, a team of researchers at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) and Honeywell International have demonstrated a new device that allows more electrodes to be placed on a chip \u2013 an important step that could help increase qubit densities and bring us one step closer to a quantum computer that can simulate molecules or perform other algorithms of interest.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022To write down the quantum state of a system of just 300 qubits, you would need 2^300 numbers, roughly the number of protons in the known universe, so no amount of Moore\u0027s Law scaling will ever make it possible for a classical computer to process that many numbers,\u0022 said Nicholas Guise, a GTRI research scientist who led the research. \u0022This is why it\u0027s impossible to fully simulate even a modest sized quantum system, let alone something like chemistry of complex molecules, unless we can build a quantum computer to do it.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile existing computers use classical bits of information, quantum computers use \u0022quantum bits\u0022 or qubits to store information. Classical bits use either a 0 or 1, but a qubit, exploiting a weird quantum property called superposition, can actually be in both 0 and 1 simultaneously, allowing much more information to be encoded. Since qubits can be correlated with each other in a way that classical bits cannot, they allow a new sort of massively parallel computation, but only if many qubits at a time can be produced and controlled. The challenge that the field has faced is scaling this technology up, much like moving from the first transistors to the first computers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne leading qubit candidate is individual ions trapped inside a vacuum chamber and manipulated with lasers. The scalability of current trap architectures is limited since the connections for the electrodes needed to generate the trapping fields come at the edge of the chip, and their number are therefore limited by the chip perimeter.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI\/Honeywell approach uses new microfabrication techniques that allow more electrodes to fit onto the chip while preserving the laser access needed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team\u0027s design borrows ideas from a type of packaging called a ball grid array (BGA) that is used to mount integrated circuits. The ball grid array\u0027s key feature is that it can bring electrical signals directly from the backside of the mount to the surface, thus increasing the potential density of electrical connections.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers also freed up more chip space by replacing area-intensive surface or edge capacitors with trench capacitors and strategically moving wire connections.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe space-saving moves allowed tight focusing of an addressing laser beam for fast operations on single qubits. Despite early difficulties bonding the chips, a solution was developed in collaboration with Honeywell, and the device was trapping ions from the very first day.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team was excited with the results. \u0022Ions are very sensitive to stray electric fields and other noise sources, and a few microns of the wrong material in the wrong place can ruin a trap. But when we ran the BGA trap through a series of benchmarking tests we were pleasantly surprised that it performed at least as well as all our previous traps,\u0022 Guise said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWorking with trapped ion qubits currently requires a room full of bulky equipment and several graduate students to make it all run properly, so the researchers say much work remains to be done to shrink the technology. The BGA project demonstrated that it\u0027s possible to fit more and more electrodes on a surface trap chip while wiring them from the back of the chip in a compact and extensible way. However, there are a host of engineering challenges that still need to be addressed to turn this into a miniaturized, robust and nicely packaged system that would enable quantum computing, the researchers say.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the meantime, these advances have applications beyond quantum computing. \u0022We all hope that someday quantum computers will fulfill their vast promise, and this research gets us one step closer to that,\u0022 Guise said. \u0022But another reason that we work on such difficult problems is that it forces us to come up with solutions that may be useful elsewhere. For example, microfabrication techniques like those demonstrated here for ion traps are also very relevant for making miniature atomic devices like sensors, magnetometers and chip-scale atomic clocks.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis work was funded by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe article, \u0022Ball-grid array architecture for microfabricated ion traps,\u0022 is authored by Nicholas D. Guise, Spencer D. Fallek, Kelly E. Stevens, K. R. Brown, Curtis Volin, Alexa W. Harter, Jason M. Amini, Robert E. Higashi, Son Thai Lu, Helen M. Chanhvongsak, Thi A. Nguyen, Matthew S. Marcus, Thomas R. Ohnstein and Daniel W. Youngner. It appears in the Journal of Applied Physics and can be accessed at:\u003C\/em\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/scitation.aip.org\/content\/aip\/journal\/jap\/117\/17\/10.1063\/1.4917385\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/scitation.aip.org\/content\/aip\/journal\/jap\/117\/17\/10.1063\/1.4917385\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Lance Wallace (404-407-7280) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EArticle written by the American Institute of Physics.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute and Honeywell have developed a microfabricated ion trap architecture that holds promise for increasing the density of qubits in future quantum computers.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have developed a microfabricated ion trap architecture that could enable quantum computers."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2015-05-17 20:59:37","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:18:17","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2015-05-18T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2015-05-18T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"405061":{"id":"405061","type":"image","title":"Quantum computer architecture","body":null,"created":"1449254135","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 18:35:35","changed":"1475895127","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:52:07","alt":"Quantum computer architecture","file":{"fid":"76064","name":"chip-architecture2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/chip-architecture2.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/chip-architecture2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2049224,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/chip-architecture2.jpg?itok=R3ZupiZE"}},"405081":{"id":"405081","type":"image","title":"Quantum computer architecture2","body":null,"created":"1449254135","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 18:35:35","changed":"1475895127","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:52:07","alt":"Quantum computer architecture2","file":{"fid":"76066","name":"chip-architecture3.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/chip-architecture3.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/chip-architecture3.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1693357,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/chip-architecture3.jpg?itok=HkgmJjSF"}},"405091":{"id":"405091","type":"image","title":"Ion trap assembly","body":null,"created":"1449254135","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 18:35:35","changed":"1475895127","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:52:07","alt":"Ion trap assembly","file":{"fid":"76067","name":"bgatrapphoto.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/bgatrapphoto.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/bgatrapphoto.png","mime":"image\/png","size":1942062,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/bgatrapphoto.png?itok=ftpoBaWl"}},"405101":{"id":"405101","type":"image","title":"Ion trap connections","body":null,"created":"1449254135","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 18:35:35","changed":"1475895127","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:52:07","alt":"Ion trap connections","file":{"fid":"76068","name":"bumpbonding.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/bumpbonding.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/bumpbonding.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":245847,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/bumpbonding.jpg?itok=_f0di6Vt"}}},"media_ids":["405061","405081","405091","405101"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"126271","name":"ion trap. qubit"},{"id":"1744","name":"quantum"},{"id":"4359","name":"quantum computing"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"400051":{"#nid":"400051","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Research advances security and trust in reconfigurable devices","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) is studying a range of security challenges involving programmable logic devices \u2013 in particular, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFPGAs are integrated circuits whose hardware can be reconfigured \u2013 even partially during run-time \u2013 enabling users to create their own customized, evolving microelectronic designs. They combine hardware performance and software flexibility so well that they\u0027re increasingly used in aerospace, defense, consumer devices, high-performance computing, vehicles, medical devices, and other applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut these feature-rich devices come with potential vulnerabilities \u2013 the very configurability of an FPGA can be used to compromise its security. The slightest tweak, accidental or malicious, to the internal configuration of a programmable device can drastically affect its functionality. Conversely, when security and trust assurances can be established for these devices, they can provide increased, higher-performance resilience against cyber attacks than difficult-to-assure software-based protections.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI researchers have identified multiple issues that could become serious threats as these devices become increasingly common.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Because FPGAs are programmable and they tightly couple software and hardware interfaces, there\u0027s concern they may introduce a whole new class of vulnerabilities compared to other microelectronic devices,\u0022 said Lee W. Lerner, a researcher who leads the GTRI team studying FPGA security. \u0022There are entirely new attack vectors to consider, ones that lie outside the traditional computer security mindset.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EConventional protections such as software or network-based security measures could be undermined by altering the logic of a system utilizing programmable devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The potential to access and modify the underlying hardware of a system is like hacker Nirvana,\u0022 Lerner said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETraditional hardware security evaluation practices \u2013 such as X-raying chips to look for threats built-in during manufacturing \u2013 are of little use since an FPGA could be infected with Trojan logic or malware after system deployment. Most programmable devices are still at risk, including those embedded in autonomous vehicles, critical infrastructure, wearable computing devices, and in the Internet of Things, a term that refers to online control devices ranging from smart thermostats to industrial systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMyriad Possibilities\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFPGA chips are constructed from heterogeneous logic blocks such as digital signal processors, block memory, processor cores, and arrays of programmable electronic logic gates. They also include a vast interconnected array that implements signal routing between logic blocks. Their functionality is dictated by the latest configuration bitstream downloaded to the device, commonly referred to as a design.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAn FPGA\u0027s adaptability gives it clear advantages over the familiar application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which comes from the foundry with its functionality permanently etched in silicon. Unlike an ASIC, for instance, an FPGA containing some sort of error can often be quickly fixed in the field. One example application which utilizes this flexibility well is software-defined radio, where an FPGA can function as one type of signal-processing circuit and then quickly morph into another to support a different type of waveform.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe earliest FPGAs appeared 30 years ago, and today their logic circuits can replicate a wide range of reconfigurable devices including entire central processing units and other microprocessors. New internal configurations are using high-level programming languages and synthesis tools, or low-level hardware description languages and implementation tools, which can reassemble an FPGA\u0027s internal structures.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDepending on how they are set up, FPGAs can be configured from external sources or even internally by sub-processes. Lerner refers to their internal configuration capability as a type of \u0022self-surgery\u0022 \u2013 an analogy for how risky it can be.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAdditionally, because FPGA architectures are so dense and heterogeneous, it\u0027s very difficult to fully utilize all their resources with any single design, he explained.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022For instance, there are many possibilities for how to make connections between logic elements,\u0022 he said. \u0022Unselected or unused resources can be used for nefarious things like implementing a Trojan function or creating an internal antenna.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAnticipating Attacks\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo exploit an FPGA\u0027s vast resources, bad actors might find ways to break into the device or steal design information. Lerner and his team are investigating ways in which hackers might gain the critical knowledge necessary to compromise a chip.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne potential avenue of attack involves \u0022side-channels\u0022 \u2013 physical properties of circuit operation that can be monitored externally. A knowledgeable enemy could probe side-channels, such as electromagnetic fields or sounds emitted by a working device, and potentially gain enough information about its internal operations to crack even mathematically sound encryption methods used to protect the design.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn another scenario, third-party intellectual property modules or even design tools from FPGA manufacturers could harbor malicious functionality; such modules and tools typically operate using proprietary formats that are difficult to verify. Alternatively, a rogue employee or intruder could simply walk up to a board and reprogram an FPGA by accessing working external test points. In some systems, wireless attacks are a possibility as well.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFPGAs even contend with physical phenomena to maintain steady operation. Most reprogrammable chips are susceptible to radiation-induced upsets. Incoming gamma rays or high-energy particles could flip configuration values, altering the design function.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELerner points to a real-world example: Google Glass, the well-known head-mounted optical technology, which uses an FPGA to control its display.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMultiple Security Techniques\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo provide assurance in programmable logic designs, Lerner and his team are developing multiple techniques, such as:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EInnovative visualization methods that enable displaying\/identifying\/navigating patterns in massive logic designs that could include hundreds of thousands of nodes and connections;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EApplications of high-level formal analysis tools, which aid the validation and verification process;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ESystem-level computer simulations focused on emulating how heterogeneous microelectronics like FPGAs function alongside other system components.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team is also engaged in other areas of research that support design security analysis, including exact- and fuzzy-pattern matching, graph analytics, machine learning \/ emergent behavior, logic reduction, waveform simulation, and large graph visualization.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team also researches architectures to support trustworthy embedded computing in a variety of applications, such as cyber-physical control. They have developed the Trustworthy Autonomic Interface Guardian Architecture (TAIGA), a digital measure that is mapped onto a configurable chip such as an FPGA and is wrapped around the interfaces of process controllers. Its goal is to establish a \u0022root-of-trust\u0022 in the system, a term that refers to a set of functions that can always be trusted, in this case to preserve system safety and security.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETAIGA monitors how an embedded controller process is functioning within the system, to assure that it\u0027s controlling the process within specification. Because TAIGA can detect if something is trying to tamper with the physical process under control, it removes the need to fully trust other more vulnerable parts of the system such as supervisory software processes or even the control code itself.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022TAIGA ensures process stability \u2013 even if that requires overriding commands from the processor or supervisory nodes,\u0022 Lerner said. \u0022It\u0027s analogous to the autonomic nervous system of the body, which keeps your heart beating and your lungs respiring \u2013 the basic things that your body should be doing to be in a stable state, regardless of anything else that\u0027s going on.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team has installed a version of the TAIGA system on a small robot running the Linux operating system. Georgia Tech students and other interested persons are invited to manipulate the installation and the robot online to try to compromise its control system at the team\u2019s main website, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/configlab.gatech.edu\u0022 title=\u0022http:\/\/configlab.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/configlab.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E, when the experiment is ready.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We provide formal assurances that TAIGA will prevent anyone from hacking critical control processes and causing the robot to perform actions deemed unsafe,\u0022 Lerner said. \u0022However, if someone figures out how to run the robot into a wall or damage its cargo, for instance, then obviously we\u0027ll know we have more work to do.\u0022\u003Cbr \/\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Lance Wallace (404-407-7280) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is studying a range of security challenges involving programmable logic devices \u2013 in particular, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers are studying a range of security challenges involving programmable logic devices."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2015-04-27 20:32:27","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:18:08","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2015-04-28T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2015-04-28T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"400041":{"id":"400041","type":"image","title":"FPGA Testing2","body":null,"created":"1449246388","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:26:28","changed":"1475895117","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:51:57","alt":"FPGA Testing2","file":{"fid":"75791","name":"fpga1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/fpga1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/fpga1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1463593,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/fpga1.jpg?itok=pBlU1p46"}},"400031":{"id":"400031","type":"image","title":"FPGA Testing","body":null,"created":"1449246388","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:26:28","changed":"1475895117","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:51:57","alt":"FPGA Testing","file":{"fid":"75790","name":"fpga2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/fpga2.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/fpga2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1849345,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/fpga2.jpg?itok=5zzxA-62"}}},"media_ids":["400041","400031"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"124871","name":"FPGA"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"63161","name":"integrated circuits"},{"id":"124901","name":"programmable logic"},{"id":"167055","name":"security"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"351591":{"#nid":"351591","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Smaller lidars could allow UAVs to conduct underwater scans","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBathymetric lidars \u2013 devices that employ powerful lasers to scan beneath the water\u0027s surface \u2013 are used today primarily to map coastal waters. At nearly 600 pounds, the systems are large and heavy, and they require costly, piloted aircraft to carry them.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA team at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has designed a new approach that could lead to bathymetric lidars that are much smaller and more efficient than the current full-size systems. The new technology, developed under the Active Electro-Optical Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (AEO-ISR) project, would let modest-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) carry bathymetric lidars, lowering costs substantially.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd, unlike currently available systems, AEO-ISR technology is designed to gather and transmit data in real time, allowing it to produce high-resolution 3-D undersea imagery with greater speed, accuracy, and usability.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese advanced capabilities could support a range of military uses such as anti-mine and anti-submarine intelligence and nautical charting, as well as civilian mapping tasks. In addition, GTRI\u2019s new lidar could probe forested areas to detect objects under thick canopies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Lidar has completely revolutionized the way that ISR is done in the military \u2013 and also the way that precision mapping is done in the commercial world,\u0022 said Grady Tuell, a principal research scientist who is leading the work. \u0022GTRI has extensive experience in atmospheric lidar going back 30 years, and we\u0027re now bringing that knowledge to bear on a growing need for small, real-time bathymetric lidar systems.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETuell and his team have developed a new GTRI lightweight lidar, a prototype that has successfully demonstrated AEO-ISR techniques in the laboratory. The team has also completed a design for a deployable mid-size bathymetric device that is less than half the size and weight of current systems and needs half the electric power.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMeasuring Laser Light\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo simulate the movement of an actual aircraft, the prototype must be \u0022flown\u0022 over a laboratory pool. To do this, the researchers install the lidar onto a gantry above a large water tank in Georgia Tech\u2019s Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and then operate it in a manner that simulates flight.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe lidar utilizes a high-power green laser that can penetrate water to considerable depths. Firing a laser beam every 10,000th of a second, the proxy aircraft allows the team to study the best methods for producing accurate images of objects on the floor of the pool.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe ultimate goal is to obtain accurate reflectance from the sea floor, but the presence of water makes that difficult. To capture good images, the GTRI lightweight lidar must make a series of adjustments that let it measure reflected laser beams as if there were no water present.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne challenge is that when a tightly focused light beam such as a laser hits water, it loses speed and bends, a familiar underwater effect called refraction. Due to changes in the water\u0027s surface, the angle of refraction varies constantly, and these changes in the refracted angle must be accounted for when computing the path of the light.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother challenge is that the photons in the laser beam scatter in the water, like light from a car headlight hitting fog. The amount of this scattering depends on the water\u2019s turbidity, which refers to the number of particles suspended in it. In addition, the water absorbs some of the light.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBecause of these two effects, a lidar system receives back only a tiny signal when its laser beam bounces off an underwater surface such as the sea floor. The signal-conditioning and sensor-processing capabilities of the lightweight lidar must be sophisticated enough to detect that small returning signal in an overall sea and air environment that is very noisy \u2013 meaning that it\u0027s filled with extraneous signals that interfere with the desired data.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EImproving Critical Techniques\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe ultimate product of a bathymetric lidar is a three-dimensional point cloud that describes the seafloor at high spatial resolution. Users of these data need to know the accuracy of each point.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u2019s researchers have devised a new approach for accuracy assessment called total propagated uncertainty (TPU). Using statistics, calculus, and linear algebra, the TPU technique propagates errors from the individual measurements \u2013 navigation, distance, and refraction angle \u2013 to estimate the accuracy of sea-floor measurements.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a major milestone, the GTRI team was the first to demonstrate bathymetric lidar coordinate computation and TPU estimates in real time. To achieve the necessary processing speed, the team employs a mixed-mode computing environment composed of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), along with central-processing and graphics-processing units.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEach time a laser is fired, Tuell explained, it takes only a few nanoseconds for the beam to reach the bottom of the pool and bounce back. Once the beam returns, the lidar\u0027s high-speed computer digitizes the returned beam and computes ranges, coordinates, and TPU before the next shot of the laser.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022In our laboratory tests, we\u0027re computing about 37 million points per second \u2013 which is exceptionally fast for a lidar system and gives us a great deal of information about the sea floor in a very short period of time,\u0022 Tuell said. \u0022The key is we\u0027re using FPGAs to do the necessary signal conditioning and signal processing, and we\u0027re doing it at exactly the time that we convert from an analog signal to a digital signal.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA Deployable Design\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to developing the proof-of-concept lidar prototype, the GTRI team has produced a CAD design for a deployable bathymetric device that is half the size and weight of current devices and has lower power needs. The immediate goal is to field such a mid-size device on a larger UAV such as an autonomous helicopter.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe longer-term aim is to use AEO-ISR technology to develop bathymetric lidars that could fly on small UAVs with payloads of 30 pounds or less. To help these lidars deliver maritime surveillance and mapping data in real time, most of the necessary signal processing would be done on the aircraft and only essential data would be transmitted to ground stations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We\u0027ve provided a prototype that demonstrates the key technology, and we\u0027ve completed a design for a mid-size design,\u0022 Tuell said. \u0022In the future, we believe small bathymetric lidars will perform military tasks, and also civilian tasks such as county-level mapping, with increased convenience and at greatly reduced cost.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (404-407-7280) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA team at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has designed a new approach that could lead to underwater imaging lidars that are much smaller and more efficient than the current full-size systems. The new technology, developed under the Active Electro-Optical Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (AEO-ISR) project, would let modest-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) carry bathymetric lidars, lowering costs substantially.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech researchers have designed a new approach that could lead to underwater imaging lidars that are much smaller and more efficient than the current full-size systems."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-12-03 14:45:51","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:17:37","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-12-03T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2014-12-03T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"351541":{"id":"351541","type":"image","title":"Green laser of lightweight lidar system","body":null,"created":"1449245714","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 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prototype","file":{"fid":"201120","name":"lidar3.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lidar3_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lidar3_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1242194,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/lidar3_0.jpg?itok=fik7uC3q"}},"351571":{"id":"351571","type":"image","title":"Grady Tuell, GTRI researcher","body":null,"created":"1449245714","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:15:14","changed":"1475895078","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:51:18","alt":"Grady Tuell, GTRI researcher","file":{"fid":"201123","name":"lidar6.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lidar6_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lidar6_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":888372,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/lidar6_0.jpg?itok=YeXi05dv"}},"351551":{"id":"351551","type":"image","title":"Green laser of lightweight lidar system2","body":null,"created":"1449245714","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:15:14","changed":"1475895078","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:51:18","alt":"Green laser of lightweight lidar system2","file":{"fid":"201122","name":"lidar4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lidar4_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lidar4_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":959549,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/lidar4_0.jpg?itok=f4aEPlA6"}},"351581":{"id":"351581","type":"image","title":"GTRI lidar research team","body":null,"created":"1449245714","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:15:14","changed":"1475895078","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:51:18","alt":"GTRI lidar research team","file":{"fid":"201124","name":"lidar1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lidar1_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lidar1_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1320549,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/lidar1_0.jpg?itok=Ref3-e5a"}}},"media_ids":["351541","351531","351571","351551","351581"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"111451","name":"bathymetric"},{"id":"111481","name":"Grady Tuell"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"111431","name":"lidar"},{"id":"111441","name":"lightweight lidar"},{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"342491":{"#nid":"342491","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Dynamic graph analytics tackle social media and other big data","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EToday, petabytes of digital information are generated daily by such sources as social media, Internet activity, surveillance sensors, and advanced research instruments. The results are often referred to as \u201cbig data\u201d \u2013 accumulations so huge that highly sophisticated computer techniques are required to identify useful information hidden within.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGraph analysis is a prime tool for finding the needle in the data haystack. This potent technology \u2013 not to be confused with simple illustrations like bar graphs and pie charts \u2013 utilizes mathematical techniques that represent relationships in the data more efficiently than traditional statistical analyses.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are bringing graph analytics to bear on a range of data-related challenges. They\u0027re developing advanced technology that can help investigate social networks, surveillance intelligence, computer-network functionality, industrial control systems, and more.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our first task is to look at the interesting properties of a graph \u2013 to find the important questions we can ask of that graph,\u0022 said Dan Campbell, a GTRI principal research engineer who heads the High Performance Computing Branch. \u0022The second task is to find the answers as quickly as possible, and then put them to practical use.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA graph is a type of data structure comprised of entities \u2013 meaning anything that can be represented digitally \u2013 and their relationships. In graph terminology, an entity is a vertex or a node; the connections between it and other vertices are edges or arcs. Graphs are constructed using software algorithms that represent both the data points and the relationships between them, and also enable computers to manipulate and analyze that information.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers make extensive use of a graph-analysis framework called STINGER, built specifically to tackle dynamic, ever-changing applications such as social networks and Internet traffic. STINGER was created by a team led by David A. Bader, a professor in the School of Computational Science and Engineering; key members of that team included David Ediger and Robert McColl, who are now part of Campbell\u0027s GTRI group. STINGER, which is open-source software (STINGERgraph.com), continues to be developed at Georgia Tech and in the broader graph analytics community.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We\u0027ve done a great deal of work on analyzing openly available social media in real time,\u0022 said Ediger.\u0022Social media analysis clearly has an important role to play in emergency response to both natural disasters like Hurricane Sandy and to potential terrorist attacks, and we\u0027re actively researching applications in those areas, among others.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESTINGER helps support GTRI\u2019s focus on streaming or dynamic-graph technology, which can store very large databases and then update them in real time as new data come in. This novel approach allows users to monitor social media on a massive scale, and can also be utilized to simulate very large networks.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers have presented this technology at several recent conferences including the 1st Workshop on Parallel Programming for Analytics Applications, which was held in February in Orlando, Fla., in conjunction with the 19th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Unlike traditional graph databases, STINGER\u2019s streaming-graph technology lets us store very big graphs and analyze them at high speed using fairly modest computing capability,\u0022 said Jason Poovey, a GTRI research scientist in Campbell\u0027s group. \u0022In half a terabyte of main memory \u2013 a pretty reasonable size today \u2013 we can handle billions of nodes and edges. Our benchmark tests show we can represent, update and analyze a graph in real time that\u0027s essentially the size of all the data in Twitter.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is focusing on multiple efforts in which graph analysis plays a key role.\u0026nbsp; These projects include:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EBehavioral Modeling and Computational Social Systems (BMCSS) Strategic Initiative \u2013 A GTRI team led by senior research scientist Erica Briscoe has used STINGER to study real-time social media analytics, as part of research aimed at predicting human behavior on a large scale. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EBlackForest \u2013 Members of Campbell\u0027s group are using graph analytics to support the BlackForest project led by GTRI researcher Chris Smoak. The aim of this externally funded project involves forming coherent intelligence pictures from disparate types of data obtained from multiple sources. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ENextcache \u2013 This externally funded project focuses on developing new CPU, cache and memory designs tailored for graph-based applications.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EReal-time Business Intelligence \u2013 Using streaming graph technology, members of Campbell\u2019s group are working with GTRI researcher Erica Briscoe to develop a business-intelligence dashboard that monitors social media in real time and helps businesses gauge consumer sentiment.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EXDATA \u2013 Working with researchers from the School of Computational Science and Engineering, GTRI senior research scientists Barry Drake and Richard Boyd are helping to address big-data challenges by studying the computational demands of processing machine-learning algorithms.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-894-6986) or Brett Israel (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:brett.israel@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ebrett.israel@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-385-1933).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are bringing graph analytics to bear on a range of data-related challenges. They\u0027re developing advanced technology that can help investigate social networks, surveillance intelligence, computer-network functionality, industrial control systems, and more.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are bringing graph analytics to bear on a range of data-related challenges."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-11-06 14:47:38","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:17:26","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-11-06T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2014-11-06T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"342481":{"id":"342481","type":"image","title":"Graph analytics","body":null,"created":"1449245639","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:13:59","changed":"1475895062","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:51:02","alt":"Graph analytics","file":{"fid":"200812","name":"graphanalytics1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/graphanalytics1_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/graphanalytics1_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1881657,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/graphanalytics1_0.jpg?itok=XJfPfbVN"}}},"media_ids":["342481"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"15092","name":"big data"},{"id":"438","name":"data"},{"id":"108871","name":"graph analytics"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"335671":{"#nid":"335671","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Morzine Medical to help military on the battlefield","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Doak Table was created in a Baltimore garage in 2006 by a tinkering retiree equally at home in a boardroom or a machine shop.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EToday, the portable field surgical table has been tested and used worldwide by U.S. Army and Navy far forward surgical teams.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd, along with his two partners, the Marietta entrepreneur who saw its potential and formed a company in 2013 to buy the rights to commercialize it has inked his biggest deal yet: a seven-figure contract with the U.S. military.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019ve gone from a garage in Baltimore to this substantial order,\u201d said Mark W. Trimble, managing principal of Morzine Medical. \u201cThis is a game-changer for Morzine.\u0026nbsp; It is also an acknowledgement that the Doak Table is the benchmark for a mobile, lightweight and compact operating platform.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy year\u2019s end, the Atlanta-based company he runs projects construction of 70 of these lightweight, but sturdy surgical tables designed to be used in non-traditional medical care settings, such as the battlefield or in the aftermath of a catastrophic event.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;The Doak Table \u2014 named for the inventor\u2019s father, a military surgeon \u2014 will be used as the standard operating table for all the far forward surgical teams in one branch of the military.\u0026nbsp; Trimble believes that it is only a matter of time before the other branches adopt the Doak Table as well.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese surgical teams are formed to stabilize and resuscitate soldiers with life- or limb-threatening injuries \u2014 wounds so severe they need immediate treatment and can\u2019t wait to be brought to a military hospital.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u201cThey don\u2019t have the luxury of time, so the critical issue we sought to address was, \u2018how do we get the care closer to where they are,\u2019\u201d said Trimble, a Georgia Tech graduate (bachelor\u2019s in economics, 1989, and a master\u2019s in management, 1992).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Doak Table, which weighs between 41 and 45 pounds, can open from its folded dimensions of 41\u201d-x-12\u201d-x-15\u201d to full use in less than one minute.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat\u2019s quite a differentiator for the no-assembly-required Doak Table, compared with competitors\u2019 models that can take up to 30 minutes to put together.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith no loose pieces to put together and a design that can hold up to 600 pounds, the Doak Table allows surgeons to focus on saving lives without worrying about one of their most important tools: a stable platform with all the functionality of a standard operating table found inside hospitals.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cHaving an operating table that could make a genuine difference in helping save soldiers\u2019 lives was critically important to us,\u201d Trimble said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 2012, the \u003Cem\u003EJournal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery\u003C\/em\u003E published a study that found over a 10-year period, roughly a quarter of U.S. servicemen and women killed in action \u2014 1,000 soldiers \u2014 died from wounds that they might have survived with implementation of more advanced battlefield care and protocols.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMorzine is a member company of the Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC), an incubator of business startups at Georgia Tech\u2019s Enterprise Innovation Institute (EI\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEI\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E, through its various programs, is charged with spurring economic development across the state and helping entrepreneurial startups such as Morzine grow and thrive.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EATDC, Trimble said, helped prepare his company to be able to meet the military\u2019s goals and objectives.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWith Georgia Tech\u2019s help, we\u2019re in a position to supply the U.S. military with Doak Tables and in sufficient quantities to allow it to be the standard operating table in far forward surgical hospitals.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIndeed, the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Partnership (GaMEP), another EI\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;arm that focuses on strengthening the state\u2019s manufacturing sector, helped Morzine find an aerospace machine company \u2014 headquartered in Cobb County \u2014 that could build the tables to the exact required specifications.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBill Ritsch, GaMEP\u2019s North Metro Atlanta region manager, connected Morzine with a short list of companies across the state that met its needs, helping to get rapid, scaled production faster.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThey accelerated the process because we were able to tap into their knowledge,\u201d Trimble said, adding Ritsch\u2019s help also made it easier for the company to get face time with manufacturers that might otherwise be leery of a startup.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERitsch said the process of helping a startup with a production need find a manufacturing partner in-state was seamless.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s awesome whenever we can do that,\u201d Ritsch said. \u201cThat\u2019s the whole goal.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother important principle for Morzine was that all of the parts used to manufacture the operating tables be made in America.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat\u2019s more, aside from a small number of parts made in Maryland and South Carolina, the entire table is fabricated and assembled in Georgia.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Atlanta startup signed seven-figure contract for surgical beds"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Doak Tables are used in surgical procedures out on the battlefield by the U.S. Army and Navy and can be put together in less than a minute. It\u0026nbsp; will be used as the standard operating table for all the far forward surgical teams in one branch of the military.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Doak Table is a portable field surgical table has been tested and used worldwide"}],"uid":"27918","created_gmt":"2014-10-20 16:43:17","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:17:19","author":"Laura Diamond","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-10-20T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-10-20T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"335681":{"id":"335681","type":"image","title":"Doak Table","body":null,"created":"1449245150","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:05:50","changed":"1475895048","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:48","alt":"Doak Table","file":{"fid":"200497","name":"doak_dual_image.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/doak_dual_image_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/doak_dual_image_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":974489,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/doak_dual_image_0.jpg?itok=4725M62A"}}},"media_ids":["335681"],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"131","name":"Economic Development and Policy"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"3336","name":"army"},{"id":"4238","name":"atdc"},{"id":"3671","name":"Enterprise Innovation Institute"},{"id":"16331","name":"GaMEP"},{"id":"3773","name":"navy"},{"id":"169511","name":"surgery"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39441","name":"Bioengineering and Bioscience"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"106361","name":"Business and Economic Development"},{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELaura Diamond\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["laura.diamond@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"336471":{"#nid":"336471","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Army collaboration produces new test station for missile warning system","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe AN\/AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System (CMWS) helps protect Army aircraft from attack by shoulder-launched missiles and other threats. To keep this defensive system operating at maximum effectiveness, the Army periodically updates the software on the more than 1,000 AN\/AAR-57 units in use around the world.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBefore new updates are fielded, however, they must be thoroughly tested to make sure the software performs as expected. Thanks to collaboration between researchers at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) and the Army Reprogramming Analysis Team (ARAT), that testing can now be done in a new integrated support station (ISS) that puts the software through its paces under conditions simulating actual aircraft operation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUsing a standard AN\/AAR-57 system unit and associated sensors, the new ISS allows the Army to test software updates under a wide range of scenarios and conditions to make sure it will perform as expected on Army aircraft.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe ISS creates an environment by feeding data to the sensors, simulating threats and monitoring the responses that the unit makes to the simulated threats,\u201d said William Miller, a GTRI senior research scientist who leads the project. \u201cThe ISS then correlates the results to make sure the system\u2019s responses are what should be expected from the threat information fed into the system.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe ISS development was part of a multi-phase program that transferred sustainment of the AN\/AAR-57 software from the system\u2019s original equipment manufacturer to the Army. GTRI has been involved in the effort since 2010, working closely with ARAT program staff and leaders housed on the Georgia Tech campus in Atlanta.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDevelopment of the new AN\/AAR-57 ISS involved software development, system documentation and reverse-engineering of the 1990s-era components where documentation no longer existed. Project goals also included addressing system obsolescence issues in the original ISS units.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAs a result of this project, the Army now has a complete process that they can follow based on the research we did with them over the past four years,\u201d Miller added.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMissile attacks on low-flying helicopters typically take place over a short period of time, so the unit has to perform rapidly and at top efficiency. Once activated, the AN\/AAR-57 can operate automatically without intervention from the crew.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA missile warning system looks at the environment, picks up potential threats, and over a very short period of time determines whether or not there is an actual threat approaching an Army rotary-wing or fixed-wing aircraft,\u201d Miller said. \u201cIf the system determines that there is a threat, it controls the dispensing of countermeasures. This happens so quickly that a pilot would not be able to detect the threat manually or respond manually.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project produced three ISS units. Two of the units have been delivered to the Army\u2019s Aberdeen Proving Ground laboratories, where they are already in use. A third unit now at ARAT\/GTRI\u2019s Atlanta laboratories is scheduled to be delivered in the fall.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe project involved nearly 60 GTRI researchers at various stages of the work. Now that the three ISS units have been built, the researchers are working on other aspects of support for the Army\u2019s AN\/AAR-57 \u2013 including development of the next-generation of ISS. The AN\/AAR-57 is used on the CH-47 Chinook, UH-60 Black Hawk and AH-64 Apache helicopters, and on various fixed-wing platforms.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe location of ARAT staff and leadership on the Georgia Tech campus has created a unique collaborative environment in which advances can be made quickly. \u201cBecause we are working side-by-side with them, we are in constant communication about the needs of the Army and how we can efficiently support their efforts,\u201d said Miller. \u201cIt really is a team effort.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor the GTRI researchers, the project provides not only an interesting technical challenge \u2013 but also a deeper reward.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhat we are doing is certainly interesting technical work, but the results go out into the field to save the lives of our soldiers and allow them to return home to their families,\u201d said Miller. \u201cAll of us enjoy doing challenging engineering work, but when we stand back and look at what\u2019s really happening here, saving lives is the rewarding part.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (404-407-7280) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and the U.S. Army Reprogramming Analysis Team (ARAT) have developed an integrated support station (ISS) that allows testing of updates made to the missile warning sytems used on Army aircraft.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech has helped the U.S. Army develop and build a system for testing missile warning devices used on aircraft."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-10-22 16:58:13","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:59","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-10-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-10-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"336371":{"id":"336371","type":"image","title":"AN\/AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System","body":null,"created":"1449245201","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:06:41","changed":"1475895048","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:48","alt":"AN\/AAR-57 Common Missile Warning 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Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"307431":{"#nid":"307431","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Agile Aperture Antenna Tested on Aircraft to Survey Ground Emitters, Maintain Satellite Connection","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u2019s\u003C\/a\u003E software-defined, electronically-reconfigurable Agile Aperture Antenna (A3) has now been tested on the land, sea and air.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDepartment of Defense representatives were in attendance during a recent event where two of the low-power devices, which can change beam directions in a thousandth of a second, were demonstrated in an aircraft during flight tests held in Virginia during February 2014. One device, looking up, maintained a satellite data connection as the aircraft changed headings, banked and rolled, while the other antenna looked down to track electromagnetic emitters on the ground.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe were able to sustain communication with the commercial satellite in flight as the aircraft changed headings dramatically,\u201d explained Matthew Habib, a GTRI research engineer. \u201cThe antenna was changing beam directions to compensate for the aircraft headings. At the same time, we were maintaining communication with a device on the ground.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to rapidly altering its beam direction, the antenna\u2019s frequency and polarization can also be changed by switching active components. The prototype used in this test operates from 500 to 3000 MHz with a plus or minus 60-degree hemispherical view. The latest prototypes have been able to provide gain to 6 GHz, opening more communication options to the end user. For the flight test, GTRI collaborated with SR Technologies, Inc. (SRT), a Florida company specializing in wireless engineering products.\u0026nbsp; SRT provides mobile communications hardware including L-Band mobile satellite, 802.11 (WiFi), and cellular solutions.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor this effort, the A3 was matched with an SRT software defined radio focused on the L-Band mobile satellite frequency range. GTRI also collaborated with Aurora Flight Sciences to fly the antennas on their Centaur optionally piloted aircraft.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond its ability to be easily reconfigured, the low power consumption and flat form make the Agile Aperture Antenna ideal for aircraft such as UAVs that have small power supplies and limited surface area for integrating antennas.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIf you have a large ship or aircraft with lots of power, you can afford to use a phased-array or other type of steerable antenna,\u201d noted Habib. \u201cBut when you are using small vehicles, especially robotic aircraft and self-sustaining vehicles that don\u2019t include an operator, our antenna is a great solution.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EComposed of printed circuit boards, the antenna components weigh just two or three pounds.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s not just about the low power and weight,\u201d said James Strates, also a GTRI research engineer. \u201cThe simplicity of the system, the low fabrication cost and the ability to retrofit the A3 to an existing system also make it attractive to operators.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond use on aircraft, ships and ground vehicles, the antenna concept could also find application in mobile devices, where the dynamic tunability could help cut through congestion on cellular networks, noted Ryan Westafer, a GTRI research engineer.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA small electronically tunable antenna could provide a lot of new opportunities for mobile devices,\u201d he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs configured for the flight tests, the upward-looking A3 antenna had a beam 30 degrees wide that could be shifted up to 60 degrees in either direction to maintain contact with the satellite. For the downward-looking antenna, the beam was automatically adjusted to \u201cstare\u201d at a point on the ground, reducing the interference from nearby emitters, Westafer explained.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBecause it doesn\u2019t require mechanically moving a metal dish, the A3 can change beam direction 120 degrees in a thousandth of a second, which gives it a significant response time advantage over gimbaled antennas.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe A3\u2019s weight and complexity are also much less than for a phased-array antenna with similar capabilities. The A3 antenna uses just one static feed point, while a phased-array must feed and control each element separately. Because of its low power consumption, the A3 requires no cooling system.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Agile Aperture Antenna has also been tested on a Wave Glider autonomous ocean vehicle. Together with previous testing on a moving ground vehicle, the new evaluations demonstrate the operational flexibility of the antenna, Habib said. So far, the A3 has operated successfully at temperatures as low as 10 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, and as high as 100 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo track the satellite, the antenna uses an inertial measurement unit to provide information about the aircraft\u2019s pitch, roll and yaw \u2013 as well as its longitude, latitude and altitude. That information is sent to a controller that turns elements off and on to the change the beam direction to maintain communication. Before takeoff, the researchers had programmed into the device the location of the commercial satellite with which it was communicating.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe challenge ahead is to take advantage of the antenna\u2019s unique capabilities \u2013 and to affect the way operators place antennas onto ground, air and sea vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis is changing the way that we think about integrating antennas onto systems to provide new solutions,\u201d Habib said. \u201cUsers have not had these capabilities before, and we are excited to see how our partners will be able to take full advantage of this antenna.\u201d\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (404-407-7280) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute\u2019s software-defined, electronically-reconfigurable Agile Aperture Antenna (A3) has now been tested on the land, sea and air.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute\u2019s software-defined, electronically-reconfigurable Agile Aperture Antenna (A3) has now been tested on the land, sea and air."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-07-09 09:46:14","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:45","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-07-09T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-07-09T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"307381":{"id":"307381","type":"image","title":"Agile Aperture Antenna Tested","body":null,"created":"1449244708","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:28","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Agile Aperture Antenna Tested","file":{"fid":"199771","name":"agile-aperture17.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture17_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture17_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":961681,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/agile-aperture17_0.jpg?itok=2kme3xx5"}},"307391":{"id":"307391","type":"image","title":"Agile Aperture Antenna in Window","body":null,"created":"1449244708","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:28","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Agile Aperture Antenna in Window","file":{"fid":"199772","name":"agile-aperture0618.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture0618_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture0618_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":642274,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/agile-aperture0618_0.jpg?itok=ljG7bgWF"}},"307401":{"id":"307401","type":"image","title":"Agile Aperture Antenna Aircraft","body":null,"created":"1449244708","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:28","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Agile Aperture Antenna Aircraft","file":{"fid":"199773","name":"agile-aperture03.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture03_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture03_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1220425,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/agile-aperture03_0.jpg?itok=6-05vXzy"}}},"media_ids":["307381","307391","307401"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"68051","name":"Agile Aperture Antenna"},{"id":"2616","name":"antenna"},{"id":"97461","name":"electronically-reconfigurable"},{"id":"97431","name":"flight test"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"97441","name":"Matthew Habib"},{"id":"171342","name":"software-defined"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"303801":{"#nid":"303801","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Synthetic Aperture Sonar to Help Navy Hunt Sea Mines","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ESince World War II, sea mines have damaged or sunk four times more U.S. Navy ships than all other means of attack combined, according to a Navy report on mine warfare. New sonar research being performed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) could improve the Navy\u2019s ability to find sea mines deep under water.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe underlying technology, known as synthetic aperture sonar (SAS), uses advanced computing and signal processing power to create fine-resolution images of the seafloor based on reflected sound waves. Thanks to the long-term vision and a series of focused efforts funded by the Office of Naval Research spanning back to the 1970s, SAS is becoming a truly robust technology. When it transitions to the fleet, the SAS will dramatically improve the Navy\u2019s ability to carry out the mine countermeasures mission.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe Navy wants to find sea mines,\u201d said Daniel Cook, a GTRI senior research engineer. \u201cThere are systems that do this now, but compared to SAS, the existing technology is crude.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe SAS research is funded by a grant from the Office of Naval Research, and is conducted in collaboration with the Applied Research Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University. In the past year, the group has made strides in improving the ability to predict and understand sonar image quality and has published and presented their work at conferences.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESonar systems emit sound waves and collect data on the echoes to gather information on underwater objects.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Navy uses torpedo-shaped autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to map swaths of the seafloor with sonar sensors. Perhaps the most well-known example is the Bluefin 21 used to search for Malaysian Airlines Flight 370. The AUVs zigzag back and forth in a \u201cmowing the lawn pattern,\u201d Cook said. These AUVs can map at a range of depths, from 100 to 6,000 meters.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESAS is a form of side scanning sonar, which sends pings to the port and starboard sides of the AUV and records the echoes. After canvassing the entire area, data accumulated by the sensor is processed into a mosaic that gives a complete picture of that area of the seafloor.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESAS has better resolution than real aperture sonar (RAS), which is currently the most widespread form of side scan sonar in use. RAS transmits pings, receives echoes and then paints a strip of pixels on a computer screen. RAS repeats this pattern until it has an image of the seafloor. This technology is readily available, and relatively cheap, but its resolution over long ranges is not good enough to suit the Navy\u2019s mine hunting needs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERAS sensors emit acoustic frequencies that are relatively high and are therefore quickly absorbed by the seawater. SAS uses lower frequency acoustics, which can travel farther underwater. Upgrading to SAS improves the range at which fine resolution pictures can be produced.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cRAS can give you a great looking picture but it can only see out 30 to 50 meters,\u201d Cook said. \u201cFor the same resolution, SAS can see out to 300 meters.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESAS does not create a line-by-line picture of the sea floor like RAS. Instead, SAS pings many times while recording the echoes on a hard drive for post-processing. Once the AUV surfaces, the hard drive is removed and the data is analyzed by computers in a complex signal processing effort. The processing converts the pings into a large, fine-resolution image of the seafloor. The commonly accepted measure for fine resolution is a pixel size of 1 inch by 1 inch, which is what SAS can achieve.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETests of SAS in AUVs have produced fine-resolution images of sunken ships, aircraft, and pipelines. But when looking at an image of the seafloor from above, operators might have difficulty discerning the identity of simple objects. For example, certain mines have a circular cross section. When looking at a top-down image, an operator might not be able to tell the difference between a mine and a discarded tire. To discern if that circular-shaped object is a threat, operators consider the shadow that an object casts in the sonar image. A mine will cast a shadow that is easy to distinguish from those cast by clutter objects such as tires. The shadow contrast research will be used to help ensure that this distinction is as clear as possible.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Predicting contrast has been a challenging problem for the sonar community,\u0022 Cook said. \u0022We have developed a compact model that allows us to compute contrast very quickly.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EImproving contrast prediction can have a ripple effect in mine hunting capability. Naval officers will be better able to plan missions by predicting how good the shadows will be in a certain environment. This can lead to improved imagery, power conservation, and better performance for automatic target recognition software.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMines are plentiful and easy to make. Some mines explode on contact. Others are more sophisticated, exploding or deploying torpedoes when their sensors detect certain acoustic, magnetic or pressure triggers. Some can destroy a ship in 200 feet of water.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cMines are a terrible problem. They lie in wait on the seafloor, so you want to go find them with as few people in the process as possible, which is why we\u2019re driven towards these autonomous vehicles with synthetic aperture sonar,\u201d Cook said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research is supported by the Office of Naval Research under grant numbers N00014-12-1-0085 and N00014-12-1-0045. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Naval Research.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECITATIONS\u003C\/strong\u003E: D. Cook, et al. \u201cSynthetic aperture sonar contrast, in 1st International Conference and Exhibition on Underwater Acoustics,\u201d June 2013, pp. 143\u2013150.\u003Cbr \/\u003EZ.G. Lowe, et al. \u201cMultipath ray tracing model for shallow water acoustics.\u201d Proc. 11th Eur. Conf. Underwater Acoust., ECUA2012, Jul. 2012.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Lance Wallace (404-407-7280) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Brett Israel (404-385-1933) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:brett.israel@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ebrett.israel@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) .\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Brett Israel\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ESince World War II, sea mines have damaged or sunk four times more U.S. Navy ships than all other means of attack combined, according to a Navy report on mine warfare. New sonar research being performed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) could improve the Navy\u2019s ability to find sea mines deep under water.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New sonar research being performed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) could improve the Navy\u2019s ability to find sea mines deep under water."}],"uid":"27902","created_gmt":"2014-06-18 10:32:01","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:37","author":"Brett Israel","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-06-18T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-06-18T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"303791":{"id":"303791","type":"image","title":"Sea mines","body":null,"created":"1449244609","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:56:49","changed":"1475895009","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:09","alt":"Sea mines","file":{"fid":"199632","name":"mines.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mines_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mines_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":135951,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/mines_0.jpg?itok=82jtIMzs"}},"303771":{"id":"303771","type":"image","title":"Autonomous underwater vehicles","body":null,"created":"1449244609","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:56:49","changed":"1475895009","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:09","alt":"Autonomous underwater vehicles","file":{"fid":"199630","name":"hires_080520-n-7676w-041a.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hires_080520-n-7676w-041a_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hires_080520-n-7676w-041a_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1878546,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/hires_080520-n-7676w-041a_0.jpg?itok=iEjTykSJ"}},"303781":{"id":"303781","type":"image","title":"Plane scan","body":null,"created":"1449244609","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:56:49","changed":"1475895009","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:09","alt":"Plane scan","file":{"fid":"199631","name":"plane_scan.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/plane_scan_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/plane_scan_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":861826,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/plane_scan_0.jpg?itok=X9FDZbGg"}}},"media_ids":["303791","303771","303781"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"95681","name":"autonomous underwater vehicles"},{"id":"95691","name":"auv"},{"id":"95701","name":"dan cook"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"3773","name":"navy"},{"id":"95711","name":"ras"},{"id":"167175","name":"SAS"},{"id":"169653","name":"sea mines"},{"id":"169654","name":"sonar"},{"id":"169655","name":"synthetic aperture sonar"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELance Wallace\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E404-407-7280\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"302691":{"#nid":"302691","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Huntsville Works to Shorten Modeling and Simulation Testing","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) researchers are working with a Huntsville, Ala., company and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA) to test high-altitude missiles without ever firing a shot.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAEgis Technologies, specialists in modeling and simulation, contracted GTRI\u2019s Applied Systems Laboratory to collaborate with MDA on testing high-altitude air defense missiles. ASL is in its second phase of a multi-year project utilizing \u201chardware-in-the-loop\u201d testing to enable more accurate modeling and simulation for its customer.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cTesting a missile can be very expensive,\u201d said GTRI Senior Research Engineer and principal investigator Glenn Parker. \u201cAdditionally, because of the large number of control variables in a real exercise, it isn\u2019t technically feasible to get complete testing coverage. High-fidelity simulation addresses many of these concerns, but even with modern processors it can take days to compute the trajectory and heat signature of a complex ballistic target.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHardware-in-the-loop simulations use portions of the real missile hardware, such as the seeker, with any missing pieces made up by simulated components.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe use the missile\u2019s actual guidance system and manipulate simulated inputs to make the hardware think it is flying,\u201d Parker said. \u201cBy using real hardware in tests, confidence in the results is much higher than in fully simulated models. For non-reusable portions of the missile like the motor and warhead, the use of simulation models makes it possible to run thousands of test cycles without leaving the laboratory, and for less than the cost of one live test.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith current testing models, thermal signature databases must be computed offline prior to the test, and can take up to three days for a mere fifteen minutes of simulation time. Any alteration to the parameters\u2014altitude, weather, terrain, or even the position of the sun\u2014requires a total re-coding of the database. Testing a missile launch from Hawaii, for example, to intercept a target at a certain distance, altitude and speed takes a long time to calculate all of the missile hardware inputs that are used in the test.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat GTRI is working on, according to Parker, will enable the simulated components to be \u201clooped in\u201d for real-time calculation, eliminating the need for database computation ahead of time. Using off-the-shelf NVIDIA graphics cards, the group will work to provide the seeker with simulated thermally emissive ballistic targets heated by atmospheric effects in real time. The team will be using CUDA, NVIDIA\u2019s parallel computing architecture.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOur goal is to calculate and provide inputs at up to 200 Hz, which means simulated measurements are sent to the seeker unit 200 times each second,\u201d Parker said. \u201cThis will allow us to run dozens of tests in the amount of time we used to spend calculating data for a single run. Test parameters can be changed on the fly\u2014MDA will be able to run many more \u2018what if\u2019 scenarios before fielding a defense system.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAEgis Technologies in Huntsville is the prime contractor of the project. They will operate the Army-owned, hardware-in-the-loop test bed and generate scenarios for use in simulations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI provides the expertise in real-time computing. Prior to this, AEgis had worked indirectly with GTRI\u2019s Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory (EOSL) on the same program, which supported ultraviolet sensor testing.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe selected GTRI based on what I knew of EOSL\u2019s capabilities, and their expertise in GPU technology,\u201d said AEgis Program Manager Dennis Bunfield. \u201cGTRI\u2019s CUDA expertise is a great value, and their expertise in verification and validation is invaluable.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe system will be scalable, and the plan is to take what they learn from this project and use it elsewhere in the defense industry. The thermal solver aspect of the project, for example, will be useful for any simulation requiring a real-time solution for thermal image simulation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI think with some enhancements to the code framework, the capabilities can be extended to generate signatures in other regions, such as UV, the visible spectrum and for LADAR,\u201d Bunfield said. \u201cAside from military applications, it could be possible to use the thermal solver to commercial and manufacturing applications, such as thermal analysis simulation.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019re working with AEgis Technologies to best model and simulate firing and the performance of these missiles by providing scenario inputs at the true hardware rate,\u201d Parker said. \u201cOur main goal\u2014writing a massively parallel NVIDIA CUDA thermal differential equation solver\u2014will enable faster and more effective testing of high-cost components at hardware-in-the-loop testing centers.\u201d\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-407-7280) or John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-894-6986).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Robert Nesmith\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) researchers are working with a Huntsville, Ala., company and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA) to test high-altitude missiles without ever firing a shot.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech researchers are working with a Huntsville company to test high-altitude missiles."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-06-11 15:23:47","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:33","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-06-11T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-06-11T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"302681":{"id":"302681","type":"image","title":"Modeling and Simulation Testing","body":null,"created":"1449244592","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:56:32","changed":"1475895007","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:07","alt":"Modeling and Simulation Testing","file":{"fid":"199590","name":"hwilcarco.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hwilcarco_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hwilcarco_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":731941,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/hwilcarco_0.jpg?itok=qORJPxgL"}}},"media_ids":["302681"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"1834","name":"missile"},{"id":"95151","name":"Missile Defense Agency"},{"id":"95141","name":"missile technology"},{"id":"579","name":"modeling and simulation"},{"id":"167045","name":"simulation"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"302781":{"#nid":"302781","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Development of New Ion Traps Advances Quantum Computing Systems","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearch is being conducted worldwide to develop a new type of computational device known as a quantum computer, based on the principles of quantum physics. Quantum computers could tackle specialized computational problems such as integer factorization or big data analysis much faster than conventional digital computers. Quantum computers will use one of a number of possible approaches to create quantum bits \u2013 units known as qubits \u2013 to compute and store data, giving them unique advantages over computers based on silicon transistors.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDespite the great potential, however, quantum computing faces many significant challenges, including controlling the qubits and isolating them from a noisy environment. Scientists and engineers at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) are helping address those challenges by designing, fabricating and testing new components and devices aimed at supporting international quantum computing efforts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u2019s Quantum Information Systems (QIS) Branch uses individual trapped atomic ions as qubits in its research. In collaboration with university and industry partners, QIS scientists recently demonstrated two new ion traps, including one that uses a system of integrated mirrors to read data from multiple ions. The researchers also advanced concepts for integrating the electronic systems needed to control the ion traps inside the vacuum containers within which the traps operate. The research was sponsored by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) through the Army Research Office (ARO) and the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe have a wide interest in developing the technologies needed by the field and using those technologies to perform the science needed to make advancements in quantum computing,\u201d said Alexa Harter, chief scientist of GTRI\u2019s Advanced Concepts Laboratory and head of the Quantum Information Systems Branch. \u201cThese are all projects that move us farther along the path of integration and technology development.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn its website, the Quantum Information Systems Branch displays diagrams for a dozen micro-fabricated ion traps, each with special properties, many of them intended to work with other devices also designed by the group. The planar ion traps are based on silicon VLSI technology and are both fabricated and tested at GTRI. The ion traps and other quantum components developed in GTRI are shared with collaborators and others in the community who are focused on the same goal.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe now have a very impressive tool kit of technologies, techniques and systems that can be integrated for use by us and our collaborators,\u201d said Curtis Volin, a GTRI principal research scientist in the Quantum Information Systems Branch. \u201cOur ultimate objective is to understand what would be necessary to build a quantum computer.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmong the recent accomplishments:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2022 In collaboration with Griffith University in Australia, researchers developed ion traps with integrated diffractive mirrors. High fidelity ion qubit measurements are performed by collecting laser-induced ion fluorescence, but the speed of these measurements is limited by the ability to collect the emitted light. Integrating micro-mirrors into the traps provides a more efficient way to measure the internal states of the ions by allowing more of the photons they produce to be collected. In conventional ion traps, there is only one large lens to collect data from a single ion.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cTo advance quantum computing, not only do you need to trap the ions, but you also need to be able to control them and read information from them,\u201d Volin explained. \u201cWith these integrated mirrors, we can look at as many qubits as we want, eliminating one of the obstacles to quantum research.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe micro-mirror traps have been designed, fabricated and tested.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2022 The researchers have designed a new micro-fabricated ion trap with integrated microwave elements for manipulating the coherent states of ion chains. Directly manipulating qubits with microwave fields reduces system complexity and sensitivity to emission decoherence.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u2022 Working with colleagues at Honeywell, the researchers developed a technique for integrating the electronics that control the ion traps into the devices so they can operate within vacuum chambers. That will allow an increase in the number of leads that control the ion trap, and facilitate efforts to scale up the systems to accommodate larger numbers of ions.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe are taking these components to a new level of integration,\u201d Harter said. \u201cIf you want to make quantum sensors that can be used in the field or develop a quantum computer of larger size, you will need to integrate the optics and electronics.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe integrated electronic interface was fabricated using unique facilities at Honeywell. It replaced banks of electronic equipment, and could potentially allow thousands of leads to be connected.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHarter says GTRI\u2019s niche is to work with both academic and industrial researchers to bring engineering approaches to the quantum physics discoveries coming out of labs around the world.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe basic physics research being done on campuses around the country requires a lot of engineering to make advances in quantum computing,\u201d she said. \u201cMuch of what we do is really engineering these basic systems that we want to make available to our collaborators.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u2019s Quantum Information Systems Branch is composed of 15 scientists, engineers and students who investigate the physics of trapped ions, develop micro-fabricated ion traps and model quantum architectures, Harter noted. The group also has collaborations with academic scientists at Georgia Tech.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-407-7280) or John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-894-6986).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EScientists and engineers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are helping advance worldwide quantum computing efforts by designing, fabricating and testing new components and devices.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers are advancing quantum computing efforts with new components and devices."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-06-11 16:04:17","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:33","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-06-11T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-06-11T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"302771":{"id":"302771","type":"image","title":"ion-trapping131","body":null,"created":"1449244592","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:56:32","changed":"1475895007","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:07","alt":"ion-trapping131","file":{"fid":"199594","name":"ion-trapping131.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion-trapping131_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion-trapping131_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1325777,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ion-trapping131_0.jpg?itok=DXrv8vZM"}},"302751":{"id":"302751","type":"image","title":"ion-trapping67","body":null,"created":"1449244592","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:56:32","changed":"1475895007","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:07","alt":"ion-trapping67","file":{"fid":"199592","name":"ion-trapping67.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion-trapping67_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion-trapping67_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1541055,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ion-trapping67_0.jpg?itok=Bdb4-sWf"}},"302761":{"id":"302761","type":"image","title":"ion-trapping93","body":null,"created":"1449244592","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:56:32","changed":"1475895007","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:07","alt":"ion-trapping93","file":{"fid":"199593","name":"ion-trapping93.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion-trapping93_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion-trapping93_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1133335,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ion-trapping93_0.jpg?itok=BtK1hQrd"}},"302741":{"id":"302741","type":"image","title":"Ion-trapping5","body":null,"created":"1449244592","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:56:32","changed":"1475895007","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:07","alt":"Ion-trapping5","file":{"fid":"199591","name":"ion-trapping5.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion-trapping5_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion-trapping5_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1601550,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ion-trapping5_0.jpg?itok=1J1SdaeP"}}},"media_ids":["302771","302751","302761","302741"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"95291","name":"Alexa Harter"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"7019","name":"ion"},{"id":"9673","name":"Ion Trap"},{"id":"1744","name":"quantum"},{"id":"4359","name":"quantum computing"},{"id":"95301","name":"qubit"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"298491":{"#nid":"298491","#data":{"type":"news","title":"MINT Program Helps Pinpoint Threats Contained in Intelligence Data","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EEvery day, U.S. military and security units receive vast amounts of data collected by intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) sensors. Human analysts constantly review this data, searching for possible threats.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo aid this effort, researchers from the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) are helping to improve the capabilities of the nation\u2019s Multi-Disciplinary Intelligence (Multi-INT) system, which monitors incoming data.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA key to improving the U.S. Multi-INT system involves bringing \u0022actionable intelligence\u0022 \u2013 information that could require immediate response \u2013 to the attention of human analysts as quickly as possible, explained Chris Kennedy, a research program analyst who leads the MINT effort in GTRI. But finding actionable intelligence is a challenge; it must be identified from myriad raw data gathered by intelligence sources, which include optical and radar sensors, communications sensors, measurements and signatures intelligence (MASINT) and others.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The number of analysts is limited, and they can only perform a certain number of actions,\u0022 said Kennedy. \u0022So out of a huge set of information \u2013 which could involve millions of data points \u2013 you need to find the most valuable pieces to prioritize for investigation and possible action.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAccelerating the System\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0027s work addresses two related Multi-INT challenges:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003ENetwork bandwidth and workstation processing power sometimes can\u0027t keep up with incoming data sets that contain terabytes or even petabytes of raw information.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EHuman analysts need to stay on top of incoming data by concentrating on the most significant information.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMetadata are small amounts of information that contain the key elements of a data point, which is an individual piece of data. For example, in the case of a car moving down a road, its metadata might consist of the make\/model\/color, location, speed and number of passengers. Those attributes are highly informative, yet much easier to transmit and process than, say, a video of the car, which would involve large amounts of data.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI approach creates metadata fields, or utilizes existing ones, thereby characterizing each data point with minimal overhead. Then only the metadata is transmitted to the main system for immediate processing; the rest of the raw data is retained in an archive in case it\u0027s needed later.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe metadata technique results in much smaller amounts of information being relayed from ISR sources to computers. That reduces processing loads, helping computers and networks keep up with incoming data. The raw data is also stored and can be examined if necessary.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Obviously under this data-reduction approach there are information losses that could affect how our program makes decisions, which is why our system is only a tool for \u2013 and not a replacement for \u2013 the human analyst,\u0022 Kennedy said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInforming the Analyst\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second challenge \u2013 supporting human analysts \u2013 is addressed by methods that improve the system\u0027s ability to identify, compare and prioritize different types of information.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFirst, the gathered metadata is converted into a single uniform format. By creating one format for all incoming metadata, data points from many different sources can be more readily identified and manipulated. This uniform format is independent of the data source, so different types of ISR data can be processed together.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThen, utilizing the identity-bearing metadata tags, GTRI researchers use complex machine-learning algorithms to find and compare related pieces of information. Powerful concurrent-computing techniques allow problems to be divided up and computed on multiple processors. That helps the system perform the complex task of determining which data points have been previously associated with other data points.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMetadata approaches have been used in the past, Kennedy explained, but only for a single intelligence technology \u2013 such as a text-recognition program that identifies keywords in voice-to-text data. The GTRI approach differs because it integrates metadata from a variety of intelligence disciplines into a single technology that prioritizes corroborative relationships from multiple sources.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnder GTRI\u0027s integrated approach, one set of potentially significant signals could be quickly compared to others in the same vicinity to form an in-depth picture. For example, in a disaster relief scenario, one aircraft-mounted ISR sensor might detect information indicating abandoned vehicles. But if another sensor detected a functioning communications device in one of the vehicles, that would indicate a higher likelihood of finding a survivor, prompting a rescue reconnaissance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe relationship found between the communications device\u2019s signal information and the vehicle\u2019s imagery information would be prioritized against other found relationships and displayed to the analyst on mapping software, such as GTRI\u2019s FalconView program.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOngoing Improvement\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERecently, the MINT team began working with a GTRI group that\u2019s involved in the ongoing development of Stinger, a Georgia Tech-produced graph-analysis software. Stinger\u2019s capabilities could aid MINT in recording and analyzing information about long-term patterns of observed relationships \u2013 that, for instance, a type of vehicle and a specific communications device are frequently observed together by independent sensors.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis information would then be sent to an analyst through a web-based portal, giving the analyst access to alerts regarding specific kinds of relationships identified by MINT.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe MINT team is presently focused on improving the program\u2019s capacity to process many data points quickly. They\u0027re using three primary sets of testing data involving thousands or millions of data points over lengthy time spans. The researchers\u0027 goal is to achieve real-time or near-real-time processing capability, so analysts can be alerted to abnormal information almost instantly.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We want to get to the point where, as the latest data is coming in, it\u0027s being correlated against the data we already have,\u0022 Kennedy said. \u0022We need to able to say to the analyst, \u0027OK you\u2019ve got a million data points, but look at these 10 first.\u0027 \u0022\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (404-407-7280) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EEvery day U.S. military and security units receive vast amounts of data collected by intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) sensors. Researchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are helping to improve the capabilities of the nation\u2019s Multi-Disciplinary Intelligence (Multi-INT) system, which monitors this incoming data. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers are helping improve the capabilities of the nation\u2019s Multi-Disciplinary Intelligence (Multi-INT) system."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-05-20 20:25:21","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:26","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-05-21T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-05-21T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"298471":{"id":"298471","type":"image","title":"MINT Program","body":null,"created":"1449244552","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:55:52","changed":"1475895000","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:00","alt":"MINT Program","file":{"fid":"199471","name":"mint1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mint1_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mint1_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1623069,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/mint1_0.jpg?itok=78-_IntS"}},"298481":{"id":"298481","type":"image","title":"MINT Program4","body":null,"created":"1449244552","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:55:52","changed":"1475895000","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:00","alt":"MINT Program4","file":{"fid":"199472","name":"mint4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mint4_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/mint4_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1530297,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/mint4_0.jpg?itok=dMG9jz8c"}}},"media_ids":["298471","298481"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"856","name":"Intelligence"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"93551","name":"MINT"},{"id":"93561","name":"Multi-INT"},{"id":"93571","name":"reconaissance"},{"id":"167055","name":"security"},{"id":"167617","name":"surveillance"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"277361":{"#nid":"277361","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Chemical Companion Evolves from Information Resource to Sophisticated Decision-Support System","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers have released a new version of the Chemical Companion Decision Support System (CCDSS), a software system that provides first responders with detailed and easy-to-access information about chemicals that may be associated with hazmat incidents. The update enhances the software, which now features more than a dozen tools and information about more than 550 chemicals and 3,838 chemical synonyms.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhat\u2019s more, the new version will enable Apple iOS and Google Android mobile devices to run the software. Previously, the software worked only on Windows-based desktop and laptop computers. The Chemical Companion Decision Support System can be downloaded at (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.chemicalcompanion.org\u0022\u003Ewww.chemicalcompanion.org\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlthough Chemical Companion originally targeted first responders in fire and rescue departments, today forensic teams and bomb squads also use it. Funded by the U.S. federal government\u2019s Technical Support Working Group, U.S. Marine Corps Systems Command and Australia\u2019s Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (now managed by the country\u2019s Defence Science and Technology Organisation), the software is free to the military, law enforcement and fire departments. More than 1,200 active accounts are registered at ChemicalCompanion.org, with users in the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Israel.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhether the hazmat scene is due to a gas explosion, chemical spill, terrorist incident or bomb threat, the Chemical Companion helps mitigate risk. For example, a bomb squad can use it to determine potential scene blast, fragmentation and personnel standoff distances. It helps first responders decide how to decontaminate the scene and provide medical aid to victims. It also helps them determine what kind of protective equipment they need to wear and how long they can stay in a hot zone.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFrom E-reader to Integrated Toolkit\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen we first introduced the Chemical Companion, it functioned as an information portal with basic e-reader functionality that enabled first responders to access information without lugging a dozen or more books around with them,\u201d said Gisele Bennett, director of the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u2019s\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) Electro-Optical Systems Lab and Chemical Companion\u2019s principal investigator.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy entering details about a substance\u2019s physical appearance or victims\u2019 medical symptoms, the software allowed users to identify unknown chemicals at a hazmat scene and obtain information about their effects. \u201cToday, however, Chemical Companion is more than just an information resource,\u201d she said. \u201cIt has become a sophisticated decision-support system.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIndeed, in the last two years, GTRI researchers have been developing a series of unique tools to enhance the Chemical Companion\u2019s capabilities. These include, for example:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe respiratory protection tool\u003C\/strong\u003E \u2013 Released in August 2012, the respiratory protection tool takes users through a series of questions about environmental conditions and hazardous materials that may be present at a hazmat scene. The final screen delivers a recommendation on what type of respiratory protection is required. Respiratory protection comes in many forms, ranging from a half-face mask to a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cSelection of the right equipment for a given environment can be confusing, so most first responders default to an SCBA which is heavy and restrictive,\u201d explained Heyward Adams, a GTRI research scientist who serves as technical lead on the project. \u201cThe Chemical Companion\u2019s respiratory protection tool allows users to determine the appropriate equipment to wear \u2013 providing full protection from the airborne threats with the minimum amount of equipment.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe detection tool\u003C\/strong\u003E \u2013 First responders carry a variety of detector devices to help determine what chemical, biological and radiological threats may be present at a hazmat scene. The Chemical Companion\u2019s detection tool augments the performance of these detectors by:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EDetermining which detectors to use \u2013 and in what order.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAggregating the results of multiple detectors and performing checks for cross-sensitivities.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EProviding an easy-to-read output of what threats are present. (It also establishes what isn\u2019t present, and what first responders may not be able to detect but shouldn\u2019t rule out.)\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EGiving recommendations on how to react, such as what kind of standoff zones to establish or what kind of protective equipment to wear \u2013 critical to getting on the scene faster and being able to remain longer.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETaking measurements at a hazmat scene is no easy task, Adams said, noting that different detectors deliver readouts in different formats, such as a series of bars, parts per million or a color. \u201cUnless you\u2019re an expert in chemistry, these readouts are not easy to decipher,\u201d he observed. \u201cThe Chemical Companion\u2019s detection tool helps you know how to interpret the results and what to do with that information.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECurrently the Chemical Companion has more than 19 tools that have either launched or are being tested. Many of these tools complement each other, prompting researchers to investigate their integration. \u201cThe output of one tool could be the input for another,\u201d Adams said. \u201cYet users might not realize that, so we\u2019re creating links to make overlaps more intuitive.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUsers Drive New Features\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWorking closely with users has been critical to the Chemical Companion\u2019s success.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to rigorous testing and user trials before any new release, GTRI researchers host an annual workshop for users. This week-long event is instrumental in collecting feedback about the software\u2019s structure and usability \u2013 whether it\u2019s for developing a brand new tool or improving an existing feature.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe workshops allow us to go through calculations of situations with different user groups,\u201d said Bennett. \u201cA forensics officer will approach a scene very differently than a first-responder or a firefighter.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith that in mind, GTRI researchers have developed user preferences for three different audiences, along with country preferences that automatically populate national standards and units of measurement for the United States and Australia.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother recent development sparked by the annual workshops is a tool for generating reports. Introduced in 2012, Chemical Companion\u2019s Report Builder exports a PDF file that includes situational information, calculations and outputs performed by the software \u2013 even custom notes. \u201cIn some cases, this file becomes the actual after-action report that users turn in to their departments,\u201d said Adams.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBeyond the Hazmat Scene\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBecause the Chemical Companion\u2019s tools comprise multiple screens posing various questions and considerations, it has become an important training tool, points out Michael Logan, chief superintendent and scientific branch director of the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service in Brisbane, Australia. \u201cIt assists exercise writers with both the construction and accuracy of training scenarios,\u201d explained Logan, who provides GTRI with research data and serves as a subject matter expert.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe tool also helps with emergency pre-planning, Logan said, explaining that the Chemical Companion can help estimate resources required or the effects of actions on an incident. \u201cIt enables users to challenge assumptions about incidents and the approaches that might be adopted to manage the emergencies.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe Chemical Companion\u2019s combination of information and tools in one easy-to-use package makes a huge difference to users,\u201d he continued. \u201cIt provides confidence to first responders about their safety and the communities they serve \u2013 as well as their actions. The software delivers consistent results no matter what the experience or expertise of the user during a very stressful time.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (404-407-7280) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: T.J. Becker\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers have released a new version of the Chemical Companion Decision Support System (CCDSS), a software system that provides first responders with detailed and easy-to-access information about chemicals that may be associated with hazmat incidents. The update enhances the software, which now features more than a dozen tools and information about more than 550 chemicals and 3,838 chemical synonyms.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have released a new version of the Chemical Companion Decision Support System (CCDSS), a software system that assists first responders."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-02-19 11:40:44","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:15:55","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-02-19T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2014-02-19T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"277341":{"id":"277341","type":"image","title":"Using Chemical Companion","body":null,"created":"1449244151","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:49:11","changed":"1475894968","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:49:28","alt":"Using Chemical Companion","file":{"fid":"198815","name":"chemical-companion.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/chemical-companion_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/chemical-companion_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1721305,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/chemical-companion_0.jpg?itok=Bag4OgIB"}}},"media_ids":["277341"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"86931","name":"Chemical Companion"},{"id":"8373","name":"first responders"},{"id":"14078","name":"Gisele Bennett"},{"id":"11303","name":"Hazardous Materials"},{"id":"7652","name":"hazmat"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71911","name":"Earth and Environment"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"254471":{"#nid":"254471","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Carbon Nanotube Field Electron Emitters Will Get Space Testing","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA pair of carbon nanotube arrays will be flying in space by the end of the year to test technology that could provide more efficient micro-propulsion for future generations of spacecraft. Part of a Cube Satellite (CubeSat) developed by the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), the arrays will support what is expected to be the first-ever space-based testing of carbon nanotubes as electron emitters.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) produced the arrays using unique technology that grows bundles of vertically-aligned nanotubes embedded in silicon chips. In future versions of electrically-powered ion thrusters, electrons emitted from the carbon nanotube tips may be used to ionize a gaseous propellant such as xenon. The ionized gas would then be ejected through a nozzle to provide thrust for moving a satellite in space.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe mission will characterize how well these field emission electron sources operate in the space environment relative to how well they work on the ground in vacuum chamber,\u201d said Jud Ready, a GTRI principal research engineer. \u201cLaunch vibrations and exposure to a space environment that includes atomic oxygen and micrometeorites could have some unusual effects on the arrays. This mission will help us evaluate whether these carbon nanotube electron emitters could be used in ion thrusters.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EExisting ion thrusters rely on thermionic cathodes, which use high temperatures generated by electrical current to produce electrons. These devices require significant amounts of electricity to generate the heat, and must consume a portion of the propellant for their operation. \u003Cbr \/\u003EIf the carbon nanotube arrays can be used as electron emitters, they would operate at lower temperatures with less power \u2013 and without using the limited on-board propellant. That could allow longer mission times for satellites, or reduce the weight of the micro-propulsion systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe carbon nanotube arrays are part of ALICE, a CubeSat micro-satellite developed and built by the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. On a mission scheduled for Dec. 5 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, ALICE will ride into space on an Atlas V rocket being used to launch a separate and much larger payload. Just 10 by 10 by 30 centimeters in size, ALICE will be part of an array of eight CubeSats \u2013 so named because they fit into small modular launchers attached to the main satellite.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe work could lead to improved micro-propulsion systems useful to small spacecraft, said Jonathan Black, director of the Center for Space Research and Assurance at AFIT.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cTechnology like the devices being tested on ALICE is essential to our future ability to maneuver micro satellites or change their orbits,\u201d he explained. \u201cBeing able to incorporate propulsion into microsatellites like CubeSats increases mission longevity and the types of missions they can perform. Successful demonstrations of advanced technologies like those being flown on ALICE will ultimately lead to smaller, lighter and more energy-efficient propulsion, resulting in decreased launch costs while increasing the performance of all satellites using electric propulsion.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUtilizing a multi-departmental team, AFIT engineers in the Electrical Engineering Department developed a payload to directly expose the carbon nanotube arrays to the space environment while protecting an identical control array within the satellite. The arrays, which are approximately one centimeter square, will be switched on and off and their behavior studied. The payload experiment utilizes a sensor device known as the Integrated Miniaturized Electromagnetic Analyzer (iMESA), designed by engineers at the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA). The data collected from the satellite will be downloaded and processed at AFIT by students and technicians in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe carbon nanotube arrays are excellent conductors and their geometry makes them ideal electron emitters.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe use carbon nanotubes because they have a high aspect ratio and provide a nanoscale point that emits the electrons,\u201d said Graham Sanborn, who worked on the project as part of his Ph.D. thesis in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Materials Science and Engineering. \u201cThe electric field focuses on the tip so we are able to get electron emission at lower voltages than might be required for other materials.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI uses a series of deposition and etching steps to fabricate the arrays in clean rooms at Georgia Tech. Each one-centimeter square array contains as many as 50,000 nanotube bundles, and each bundle is grown from a five-micron pit etched into the silicon.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe design has specific geometry to prevent electrical shorting between electrodes that are very close together,\u201d explained Sanborn.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESpacecraft are launched using chemical rockets that provide large amounts of thrust. Once in orbit, however, the vehicles can use electrically-powered thrusters to change orbits or make other maneuvers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIon thrusters provide very low amounts of thrust,\u201d Sanborn said. \u201cThey are just pushing out gas molecules, but they operate very efficiently. Ion thrusters can operate for thousands of hours at a time. Cumulatively, you can achieve a significant velocity change.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe ALICE acronym is composed of several other acronyms. The \u201cA\u201d represents AFIT, while the \u201cL\u201d is for LEO \u2013 the low Earth orbit where the satellite will operate. The \u201cI\u201d represents the iMESA system; the \u201cC\u201d is for the carbon nanotubes, while the \u201cE\u201d represents \u201cExperiment.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe satellite, the first for AFIT, was designed, tested and integrated by a multi-departmental team of professors, students and technicians. The partnership with GTRI and USAFA provided students in each institution an opportunity to participate in ground-breaking research with the potential to impact numerous future satellites employing electric propulsion.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOther potential applications for Georgia Tech\u2019s CNT-based electron emitters include displays, electrodynamic tethers, vacuum electronics and traveling wave tubes.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Lance Wallace (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA pair of carbon nanotube arrays will be flying in space by the end of the year to test technology that could provide more efficient micro-propulsion for future spacecraft. The arrays will support what is expected to be the first-ever space-based testing of carbon nanotubes as electron emitters.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A pair of carbon nanotube arrays will be flying in space by the end of the year to test technology that could provide more efficient micro-propulsion for future spacecraft."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-11-13 22:04:08","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:15:22","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-11-13T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2013-11-13T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"254421":{"id":"254421","type":"image","title":"Growing Carbon Nanotubes for Space","body":null,"created":"1449243828","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:43:48","changed":"1475894934","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:54","alt":"Growing Carbon Nanotubes for Space","file":{"fid":"198176","name":"cnt-in-space2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnt-in-space2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnt-in-space2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1644319,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cnt-in-space2_0.jpg?itok=WZvoHe0G"}},"254431":{"id":"254431","type":"image","title":"Growing Carbon Nanotubes for Space2","body":null,"created":"1449243828","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:43:48","changed":"1475894934","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:54","alt":"Growing Carbon Nanotubes for Space2","file":{"fid":"198177","name":"cnt-in-space3.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnt-in-space3_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnt-in-space3_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1014444,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cnt-in-space3_0.jpg?itok=fjAPEwSL"}},"254441":{"id":"254441","type":"image","title":"ALICE CubeSat","body":null,"created":"1449243828","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:43:48","changed":"1475894934","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:54","alt":"ALICE CubeSat","file":{"fid":"198178","name":"alice_cubesat.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/alice_cubesat_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/alice_cubesat_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":173415,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/alice_cubesat_0.jpg?itok=k0KMG9wF"}},"254451":{"id":"254451","type":"image","title":"ALICE CubeSat Payload","body":null,"created":"1449243828","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:43:48","changed":"1475894934","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:54","alt":"ALICE CubeSat Payload","file":{"fid":"198179","name":"alice_payload.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/alice_payload_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/alice_payload_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":179321,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/alice_payload_0.jpg?itok=m5HracHo"}},"254461":{"id":"254461","type":"image","title":"ALICE CubeSat Emitter","body":null,"created":"1449243828","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:43:48","changed":"1475894934","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:54","alt":"ALICE CubeSat Emitter","file":{"fid":"198180","name":"cnts-for-alice.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnts-for-alice_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/cnts-for-alice_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":166414,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/cnts-for-alice_0.jpg?itok=l8LxbcDj"}}},"media_ids":["254421","254431","254441","254451","254461"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"5209","name":"carbon nanotubes"},{"id":"80051","name":"electron emitter"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"80031","name":"micro-propulsion"},{"id":"169609","name":"satellite"},{"id":"167146","name":"space"},{"id":"171312","name":"spacecraft"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"244741":{"#nid":"244741","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Evaluate Electronic Flight Bags for Air National Guard Pilots","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen pilots encounter an in-flight emergency \u2013 such as engine or hydraulic failure \u2013 they consult with manuals, emergency procedures and other reference materials contained in their flight bags for information on how to respond. In the future, these cumbersome flight bags could be replaced by \u201celectronic flight bags\u201d consisting of a lightweight tablet computer loaded with electronic versions of documents that today are printed on paper. A tablet computer could easily store an entire library of aeronautical publications and charts and also include the most up-to-date versions.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) are currently assessing the usability of electronic flight bags by Air National Guard pilots. Electronic flight bags could improve safety, operational effectiveness and efficiency for crew members, plus save paper and printing costs. The Federal Aviation Administration has already approved in-flight use of Apple iPads as electronic flight bags by commercial pilots.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe Air National Guard asked us to conduct an operational utility evaluation of various tablet computers to determine whether they were feasible as electronic flight bags and whether\u0026nbsp; standardized hardware and software platforms could be selected for use by all of their squadrons,\u201d said Byron Coker, a GTRI principal research engineer who is leading the project.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis work is supported by the Air National Guard Air Force Reserve Command Test Center in Tucson, Ariz. Coker\u2019s collaborators on this project include research engineer Thomas Glimmerveen and student Joshua Fordham, who are based in GTRI\u2019s Warner Robins, Ga. Field Office, and research engineer Thomas Norris, who is based in GTRI\u2019s Tucson, Ariz. Field Office.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAir Combat Command requested that we execute an operational test of the electronic flight bag due to some critical paper flight products that will no longer be printed in 2015,\u201d said Lt. Col. Rogelio Maldonado of the Air National Guard Air Force Reserve Command Test Center. \u201cThe electronic flight bag has shown great promise and is likely to revolutionize cockpit management by consolidating flight products and providing the means for quickly navigating all resources.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith GTRI\u2019s assistance, pilots of A-10 and F-16 aircraft have executed flight simulator missions to test and evaluate two commercially-available tablets loaded with a software app developed by GTRI researchers called \u201cQuickTOs\u201d and commercially available flight planning apps. The flight simulator missions include emergencies, such as a cockpit fire or engine failure, which require the pilot to refer to the \u201cQuickTOs\u201d app that that enables quick access to technical orders.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cTechnical orders can contain several hundred pages of safety procedures, technical information and instructions pertaining to the aircraft that need to be flipped through quickly in an emergency to find the relevant information and checklists,\u201d explained Coker. \u201cWe electronically formatted the publications for our app and added links so that the documents could be easily and quickly organized, navigated and read on a tablet.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe flight simulator missions also include executing landing approaches in simulated weather conditions that require the pilot to use instrument approach procedure charts. These charts are frequently updated due to the constantly changing environment around airports and must be reprinted and distributed to pilots each time a new version becomes available. Using electronic approach charts could greatly reduce paper and printing costs and increase the ease and speed of obtaining up-to-date charts. To date, more than a half-dozen multi-hour flight simulator missions have been conducted, each with several emergency procedures performed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBefore the flight simulator tests began, the GTRI researchers conducted a market survey of tablets that could be used as electronic flight bags. They evaluated 24 touch-screen devices commercially available based on the following criteria: battery life, weight, ruggedness, night-vision goggle compatibility, glove compatibility, performance, physical size, screen size and software compatibility. They evaluated devices that operated on Android, Apple iOS and Hewlett-Packard operating systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAir National Guard pilots then evaluated the tablets that scored highest against the criteria and judged each device\u2019s ease-of-use and functionality as an electronic flight bag. The pilots judged whether each device functioned better, the same or less well than the standard paper publications and whether each device would support the basic requirements for flight and possibly even provide information not previously available.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs a result of the evaluations, two tablet computers were selected for flight simulator testing. Future work on this project will include additional flight simulations, followed by electromagnetic interference tests and real flight testing of the devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOnce we get the necessary approvals to begin flight tests, we will conduct them for about a year to gather enough data so that we can provide our recommendation for how the Air National Guard should move forward with fielding electronic flight bags,\u201d said Coker.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBased on the initial simulator missions, Coker believes the electronic flight bag could be integrated as part of the pilot\u2019s kneeboard \u2013 a clipboard strapped to the pilot\u2019s knee that keeps flight-pertinent information, such as charts, maps and approach plates, close at hand during flight. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers are assessing the usability of electronic flight bags based on tablet computers for Air National Guard pilots. Electronic flight bags could improve safety, operational effectiveness and efficiency for crew members, plus save paper and printing costs.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers are evaluating the use of electronic flight bags based on tablet computers."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-10-13 20:00:42","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:15:09","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-10-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2013-10-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"244731":{"id":"244731","type":"image","title":"Electronic flight bag","body":null,"created":"1449243722","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:42:02","changed":"1475894921","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:41","alt":"Electronic flight bag","file":{"fid":"197884","name":"electronic-flight-bag.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/electronic-flight-bag_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/electronic-flight-bag_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2151428,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/electronic-flight-bag_0.jpg?itok=j98x3y3L"}},"245131":{"id":"245131","type":"image","title":"Electronic flight bag2","body":null,"created":"1449243722","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:42:02","changed":"1475894921","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:41","alt":"Electronic flight bag2","file":{"fid":"197895","name":"electronic-flight-bag86.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/electronic-flight-bag86_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/electronic-flight-bag86_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1703270,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/electronic-flight-bag86_0.jpg?itok=GiRumF4G"}}},"media_ids":["244731","245131"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"76471","name":"Air National Guard"},{"id":"36081","name":"Byron Coker"},{"id":"76461","name":"electronic flight bag"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"71241","name":"tablet computer"},{"id":"76481","name":"technical orders"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39501","name":"People and Technology"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"241201":{"#nid":"241201","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Receive $2 Million Grant to Develop Unique Origami-Shaped Antennas","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA Georgia Tech-led research team has been awarded a $2 million grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to develop a unique approach to making extremely compact and highly efficient antennas and electronics. The new technology will use principles derived from origami paper-folding techniques to create complex structures that can reconfigure themselves by unfolding, moving and even twisting in response to incoming electromagnetic signals.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese novel structures could be fabricated from a wide variety of materials, including paper, plastics and ceramics. Sophisticated inkjet printing techniques would deposit conductive materials such as copper or silver onto the antenna elements to provide signal receiving and other capabilities.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESeveral potential activation mechanisms would allow the origami-shaped antennas to rapidly unfold in response to various incoming signals. These mechanisms include the harvesting of ambient electromagnetic energy in the air, as well as the use of chemicals that produce movement in ways that mimic nature.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Traditionally, antennas have been sizeable -- often very large -- and any reconfiguration required complex electronics technology like micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS),\u0022 said \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=103\u0022\u003EManos Tentzeris\u003C\/a\u003E, a professor in the Georgia Tech \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0022We expect these tiny new antennas to morph -- to fold, unfold and reconfigure themselves -- using self-activation mechanisms that in many cases would not require electronics or electrical power.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe result would be powerful, ultra-broadband capabilities in a diminutive antenna measuring only a couple of centimeters when folded. Commercial and military applications for such antennas could include many types of communications equipment, as well as wireless sensors, \u0022smart skin -- sensors for structural health monitoring, portable medical equipment, electronics mounted on vehicles or flying\/space platforms, agricultural sensors, and cognitive electronics that adjust to ambient conditions in real time.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOrigami is a traditional paper-folding art that is prominent in Japan and also practiced elsewhere, and includes both modular and moving types of structures. In recent years, mathematicians worldwide have focused on theoretical and practical questions raised by origami. Technical advances -- such as novel ways of folding vehicle airbags -- have resulted.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Tentzeris team is working with mathematicians at Georgia Tech and elsewhere to develop formulations that will allow optimal exploitation of origami-related principles. One important goal, Tentzeris said, is to maximize the number of shapes that can be achieved in a single folding structure. That, in turn, will support antenna functionality.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This is a major challenge -- to increase the shapes you can pack into a device of a specific size,\u0022 he said. \u0022Additional mathematical study could result in being able to form 16, 32, 64 or even more different types of antennas from a single device that\u0027s less than an inch square when folded.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe four-year project will involve Tentzeris and a team of six graduate students, along with some undergraduate students. Other project leaders include \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.math.gatech.edu\/users\/etnyre\u0022\u003EJohn Etnyre\u003C\/a\u003E, a professor in the Georgia Tech \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.math.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Mathematics\u003C\/a\u003E, and Stavros Georgakopoulos, an assistant professor in the Florida International University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEtnyre will focus on the mathematics of origami-shaped devices. Georgakopoulos will perform a significant set of tasks focused on resonators and related prototypes, while actively participating in the modeling procedure. Various international origamists will participate in this effort by introducing novel origami shapes and folding algorithms.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne element essential to the project is the concept of self-actuation -- antennas unfolding by themselves.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn some cases, Tentzeris said, unfolding would happen automatically when a specific incoming frequency triggered a chemical activation mechanism. This kind of mechanism is related to the ability of plants, like daylilies, to unfold in response to a stimulus such as light.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn other cases, energy harvested from ambient electromagnetic energy in the air could provide power for activation, said Benjamin Cook, a graduate student working with Tentzeris on the project. Antenna deployment could be powered by built-in circuits that collect energy from such ambient airborne signals as TV and radio signals -- a technique already demonstrated successfully by a Tentzeris research team.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen required, antenna movement could be powered by activation beams from a special-purpose energy harvester. This device would collect ambient energy and transmit it to antennas from as far away as 50 to 100 meters. Novel wireless power transfer architectures, currently being investigated in another joint NSF project of Tentzeris and Georgakopoulos, could further enhance the range of beam-power transfer.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInkjet printing will also be essential to the development of origami antennas, Tentzeris said. Special inkjet techniques developed in recent years by Tentzeris and his team can deposit tiny antenna circuitry and supporting electronics, dielectrics and nanostructures onto a broad variety of materials.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESuch materials could consist of paper, polymers, fabrics, carbon fibers, ceramics and flexible organics, depending on the application. When necessary, the origami-shaped antennas could be ruggedized using robust materials.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMetallic inks -- formulated with a wide variety of conductive materials such as copper, silver, gold, nickel and cobalt -- would be used. The choice of material would depend on the specific functionality required.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022My group\u0027s extensive research into inkjet printing will be critical to this project,\u0022 Tentzeris said. \u0022We have developed what I believe is the unique capability of being able to deposit multilayer conductors, nanostructures and dielectrics on virtually any material, for applications up to the millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz frequency range.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award EFRI-1332348. Any opinions or conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the NSF.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Brett Israel (404-385-1933)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:brett.israel@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ebrett.israel@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWriter: Rick Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA Georgia Tech-led research team has been awarded a $2 million grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to develop a unique approach to making extremely compact and highly efficient antennas and electronics. The new technology will use principles derived from origami paper-folding techniques to create complex structures that can reconfigure themselves by unfolding, moving and even twisting in response to incoming electromagnetic signals.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A research team has been awarded $2 million to develop a unique approach to extremely compact and efficient antennas."}],"uid":"27272","created_gmt":"2013-09-30 11:48:06","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:15:00","author":"Eric Huffman","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-09-30T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2013-09-30T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"241071":{"id":"241071","type":"image","title":"Origami-antenna7","body":null,"created":"1449243688","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:41:28","changed":"1475894916","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 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02:48:36","alt":"Origami-antenna6","file":{"fid":"197783","name":"origami-antenna6.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/origami-antenna6_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/origami-antenna6_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1419827,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/origami-antenna6_0.jpg?itok=uasvB1x_"}}},"media_ids":["241071","241061","241081","241091","241101"],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2616","name":"antenna"},{"id":"609","name":"electronics"},{"id":"75131","name":"inkjet"},{"id":"413","name":"Manos Tentzeris"},{"id":"4332","name":"origami"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"id":"169598","name":"signals"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"231301":{"#nid":"231301","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Team Supports Open Architecture Software Standards for Military Avionics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are helping the U.S. military make key changes in how aircraft electronic systems, called avionics, are produced. The effort focuses on modifying the design of avionics software, especially the ways in which it interfaces with an aircraft\u0027s hardware and other software.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe work is part of the U.S. Navy\u0027s Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE\u2122) project. The Navy\u2019s FACE team is working with the FACE consortium, a government, industry and academia consortium managed by The Open Group\u00ae, to develop a new technical standard that governs how avionics software communicates with other avionics software and hardware components \u2013 to control aircraft sensors, effectors and other mission critical systems to deliver warfighting capability.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u2019s support of the FACE project is funded by the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Air Combat Electronics Program Office (PMA-209) and the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC). Georgia Tech\u0027s work principally involves validating and maturing the FACE Technical Standard by producing reference software built according to the new FACE standards.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The FACE standard lets us streamline software production and software upgrades, which are vital for keeping U.S. pilots safe and delivering our military capabilities,\u0022 said Douglas Woods, a research scientist leading the work at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI), Georgia Tech\u2019s applied research arm. \u0022In tackling this important work, we created a one-Georgia Tech team, uniting expertise from both GTRI and the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cBasically, the FACE standard dictates how everything should fit together,\u201d Woods said. \u201cThe FACE Technical Standard lets developers connect software and hardware in a uniform way, so that one software application can work with a variety of different hardware.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe digital control portion of an avionics system is similar in some ways to the familiar personal computer, explained Woods, who is working on the FACE project with professor George Riley of the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. That\u0027s because both computers and avionics use application software that runs on processing hardware; the application software communicates with the hardware via intermediary software known as an operating system.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnlike a PC, however, the application software and operating system of an avionics system are very compact and robust for safety, security and performance reasons.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor decades, these embedded applications have been uniquely designed to work with the specific operating system and hardware components contained in a given avionics system. Thus, the application software embedded in an avionics device worked with that device only, requiring significant rework or redundant development when similar capability is needed on new hardware or different hardware from another source.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis specialized software has also resulted in software modification having to be performed by the company or companies that created the software\/hardware combination in the first place, reducing the opportunity for future competition.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat\u0027s where the FACE concept comes in. The FACE architecture specifies that designers use application programming interfaces (APIs) that are essentially a standardized software layer that translates between the application on one level and the other software applications, the operating system and hardware at other levels. The result is that designers can readily modify application software, integrate it back into the system, and expect it to work.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As long as you adhere to the standard software interfaces specified in the FACE Technical Standard, then changing the embedded application software to add capability to the system becomes straightforward,\u0022 Woods said. \u0022Any competent software engineer should be able to write an application that can talk to those interfaces, and that makes it possible to add in new capabilities quickly and easily.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech expects to be involved in tests that will demonstrate to the Navy the portability of capabilities using the FACE Technical Standard, he added.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe FACE Technical Standard takes advantage of the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), a group of open software standards aimed at making applications compatible with various operating systems. POSIX uses a uniform application programming interface (API), command line shells and utility interfaces that promote software compatibility among Unix, Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech has been working with the Navy FACE team for more than two years on the development of software code that provides an interface built to the FACE standard. Vanderbilt University, which is also involved in the effort, is creating a software developers\u0027 toolkit and conformance tools to be used with the FACE Technical Standard.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our Georgia Tech\/GTRI team has been successful in producing a FACE infrastructure prototype that is POSIX conformant and adheres fully to the standards developed by the FACE consortium,\u0022 Riley said. \u0022From a technical standpoint, this software can do the job that was assigned, which is to allow applications that conform to the FACE APIs to be interchangeable.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA contract that requires use of the FACE Technical Standard, Edition 1.0, in the Navy\u0027s C-130T aircraft has already been awarded, Woods said. The FACE Technical Standard, Edition 2.0, was recently released, and the FACE consortium is currently developing Edition 3.0 of the standard.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Navy\u0027s FACE team has been recognized with several awards, including two Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) Commander\u2019s Awards, a NAWCAD Innovation Award, and the Defense Standardization Program Achievement Award.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The FACE initiative represents a major step forward in rapidly integrating new capabilities for a variety of airborne defense systems,\u0022 said Capt. Tracy Barkhimer, program manager for PMA-209. \u0022The FACE initiative has benefited greatly from NAVAIR\u0027s partnership with Georgia Tech and Vanderbilt. They have brought a wealth of knowledge and experience that has been vital to the validation and rapid maturation of the FACE Technical Standard.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-407-7280) or John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-894-6986).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are helping the U.S. military make key changes in how aircraft electronic systems, called avionics, are produced. The effort focuses on modifying the design of avionics software, especially the ways in which it interfaces with an aircraft\u0027s hardware and other software.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech researchers are helping the U.S. military change the way aircraft avionics are produced."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-08-22 20:43:22","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:14:46","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-08-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2013-08-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"231281":{"id":"231281","type":"image","title":"Open Source Software for Avionics","body":null,"created":"1449243602","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:40:02","changed":"1475894903","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:23","alt":"Open Source Software for Avionics","file":{"fid":"197549","name":"face1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/face1_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/face1_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1459600,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/face1_0.jpg?itok=KkNvyIPh"}},"231291":{"id":"231291","type":"image","title":"Open Source Software for Avionics2","body":null,"created":"1449243602","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:40:02","changed":"1475894903","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:23","alt":"Open Source Software for Avionics2","file":{"fid":"197550","name":"face2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/face2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/face2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1535664,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/face2_0.jpg?itok=k0ZrImBG"}}},"media_ids":["231281","231291"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"72211","name":"avionics"},{"id":"72241","name":"Douglas Woods"},{"id":"72221","name":"FACE"},{"id":"5430","name":"George Riley"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"72231","name":"military electronics"},{"id":"5155","name":"open source"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"id":"167449","name":"software"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"228881":{"#nid":"228881","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Electronic Warfare Development Targets Fully Adaptive Threat Response Technology","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen U.S pilots encounter enemy air defenses, onboard electronic warfare (EW) systems protect them by interfering with incoming radar signals \u2013 a technique known as electronic attack (EA) or jamming. Conversely, electronic protection (EP) technology prevents hostile forces from using EA methods to disable U.S. radar equipment assets.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDefeating hostile radar helps shield aircraft from ground-to-air missiles and other threats, so it\u0027s a military priority to ensure that EW systems can defeat any opposing radar technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), which has supported U.S. electronic warfare capabilities for decades, a research team is developing a new generation of advanced radio frequency (RF) jammer technology. The project, known as Angry Kitten, is utilizing commercial electronics, custom hardware development, novel machine-learning software and a unique test bed to evaluate unprecedented levels of adaptability in EW technology. Angry Kitten has been internally funded by GTRI to investigate advanced methods that can counter increasingly sophisticated EW threats.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We\u0027re developing fully adaptive and autonomous capabilities that aren\u0027t currently available in jammers,\u0022 said research engineer Stan Sutphin. \u0022We believe a cognitive electronic warfare approach, based on machine-learning algorithms and sophisticated hardware, will result in threat-response systems that offer significantly higher levels of electronic attack and electronic protection capabilities, and will provide enhanced security for U.S. combat aircraft.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen an EW encounter begins, the Angry Kitten system chooses an optimal jamming technique from among many available options, explained Sutphin, who leads a GTRI development team that includes senior research engineer Roger Dickerson and senior research scientist Aram Partizian.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs the engagement progresses, the next-generation system is designed to adapt. It will assess how effective its jamming is against the threat and quickly modify its approach if necessary.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAngry Kitten research also includes investigation of cognitive learning algorithms that allow the jammer to independently assess and respond to novel opposing technology. The team is developing techniques to enable an EW system to respond effectively should it encounter unfamiliar hostile radar techniques.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMoreover, the flexibility of the Angry Kitten system allows it to represent a range of threat EA systems. That will help to support the development of new and improved EP measures.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdaptive Digital Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETraditionally, Sutphin explained, radar jamming has consisted of two basic approaches.\u0026nbsp; One employs mechanical techniques that reflect radar beams back at the sender using chaff material spread through the air behind the carrying platform. The other uses electronic techniques to emit powerful electromagnetic signals that interfere with incoming hostile radar beams. But these techniques are relatively basic, and they involve overt suppression strategies that are often obvious to the other side.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EToday\u0027s top EW systems are more subtle, thanks to digital techniques. The most advanced technology today \u2013 digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) \u2013 can deceive an enemy by recording his received radar signals, manipulating them and sending back false information that seems to be real.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022A DRFM jammer is a very effective way of adding clutter to the scene without just using unsophisticated noise-jamming techniques,\u0022 Sutphin said. \u0022You can create false targets, or hide real targets, using the enemy\u0027s own waveforms against him.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team believes that countering such techniques will lead to the development of increasingly more precise digital techniques for radar electronic protection (EP). That could spark an equivalent race for more advanced jammer techniques.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe need an approach to more quickly evaluate advances in digital RF signal generation, and to rapidly field countermeasures without expensive hardware upgrades,\u201d said Tom McDermott, GTRI\u2019s director of research.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the first phase of developing a next-generation system, the GTRI team completed an advanced jamming system prototype. This custom hardware utilizes a wideband tunable transceiver system, and is built using open architecture\/open source approaches that are low-cost and enable operators to quickly modify the system in response to changing conditions.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team is currently developing machine-learning algorithms that will allow the Angry Kitten system to continually assess its environment and switch among the best methods for jamming incoming threats. The ultimate goal is a robust platform that will characterize any threat emitter and respond in real time in the most effective way.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA Unique Test Bed\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EToday, DRFM jammers employ a computer-based \u0022library\u0022 of known threats that are used to identify and neutralize incoming signals, Sutphin explained. DRFM equipment may also include an electronic-intelligence (ELINT) capability, which monitors and collects information on enemy signals and jammers. The ELINT data gathered may eventually be used \u2013 possibly weeks, months, or years later \u2013 to improve U.S. threat-response techniques.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022What we want is to perform those same ELINT analysis and adaptive-response tasks in seconds \u2013 while the jamming is occurring \u2013 not months later,\u0022 Sutphin said. \u0022And obviously our system must work autonomously, because there\u0027s no time for human input.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo support the current effort, the researchers are utilizing a GTRI-designed tool called the enhanced radar test bed. Devised by a team led by Partizian, the test bed simulates opposing radar signals and enables convenient, low-cost and highly realistic testing of jammers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe test bed is an important asset in the development of the Angry Kitten system, Sutphin said.\u0026nbsp; It offers the ability to collect realistic, representative jammer data on advanced waveforms. It can be used to represent virtually any known threat \u2013 and even hypothetical radar systems that don\u2019t currently exist.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe test bed allows the team to rapidly prototype a software approach, test it out against simulated enemy hardware, and come up with high-fidelity data. The researchers can perform this work without having to build or acquire actual hardware radar systems or jammers, or engage in expensive flight tests.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022And we can do it all in a lab, behind closed doors,\u0022 Sutphin said. \u0022This is a good approach for us, because it\u0027s not only effective and low-cost, it\u0027s quite secure.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-407-7280) or John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-894-6986).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAt the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), a research team is developing a new generation of advanced radio frequency (RF) jammer technology. The project, known as Angry Kitten, is utilizing commercial electronics, custom hardware development, novel machine-learning software and a unique test bed to evaluate unprecedented levels of adaptability in EW technology.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A research team is developing a new generation of advanced radio frequency (RF) jammer technology."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-08-14 16:43:11","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:14:42","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-08-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2013-08-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"228851":{"id":"228851","type":"image","title":"Testing Angry Kitten","body":null,"created":"1449243582","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:39:42","changed":"1475894901","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:21","alt":"Testing Angry Kitten","file":{"fid":"197478","name":"ak2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ak2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ak2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1653077,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ak2_0.jpg?itok=Bzpp92rF"}},"228861":{"id":"228861","type":"image","title":"Testing Angry Kitten2","body":null,"created":"1449243582","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:39:42","changed":"1475894901","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:21","alt":"Testing Angry Kitten2","file":{"fid":"197479","name":"ak4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ak4_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ak4_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1128563,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ak4_0.jpg?itok=vXbUFKA5"}},"228871":{"id":"228871","type":"image","title":"Testing Angry Kitten3","body":null,"created":"1449243582","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:39:42","changed":"1475894901","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:21","alt":"Testing Angry Kitten3","file":{"fid":"197480","name":"ak3.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ak3_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ak3_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1369464,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ak3_0.jpg?itok=cG3N795U"}}},"media_ids":["228851","228861","228871"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"71561","name":"Angry Kitten"},{"id":"71581","name":"electronic defense"},{"id":"71591","name":"electronic wafare"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"2621","name":"radar"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"217981":{"#nid":"217981","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Agile Aperture Antenna Technology is Tested on an Autonomous Ocean Vehicle","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAntenna technology originally developed to quickly send and receive information through a software-defined military radio may soon be used to transmit ocean data from a wave-powered autonomous surface vehicle. The technology, the lowest-power method for maintaining a satellite uplink, automatically compensates for the movement of the antenna as the boat bobs around on the ocean surface.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Agile Aperture Antenna technology developed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is expected to provide a more reliable and faster method of transmitting video, audio and environmental data \u2013 such as salinity, temperature, fluorescence and dissolved oxygen \u2013 from an ocean vehicle to land via satellite.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn December 2012, the antenna was attached to a Wave Glider vehicle and placed into the ocean off the coast of Hawaii. The Wave Glider, an autonomous marine robot developed by California-based Liquid Robotics, Inc., uses only the ocean\u2019s endless supply of wave energy for propulsion. The Wave Glider can collect ocean data for a wide range of applications, including meteorology, oceanography, national security and offshore energy. Solar panels on the vehicle power the antenna, which requires only 0.25 watts of power and can switch up to 1,000 beams per second.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDuring the demonstration, the antenna maintained a satellite link with a sustained data upload rate of 200 kilobits per second (Kbps) for several hours, despite the Wave Glider rolling and yawing back and forth on the waves. The Agile Aperture Antenna required significantly less power and space to achieve these test results than a gimbaled antenna or a phased array solution.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cBecause the antenna autonomously tracked its own position and orientation relative to the satellite and steered itself to stay connected, it maintained a highly directional antenna beam to the satellite as the craft moved around, which enabled data transfers near the maximum expected rate of 240 Kbps,\u201d said Gregory Kiesel, a GTRI senior research engineer. \u201cAntenna integration was also easy because the craft did not need to communicate with the antenna to maintain the connection.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Agile Aperture Antenna requires less power and takes up less space than traditional antenna solutions including mechanical systems and phased-array antennas. The technology also exhibits higher reliability than mechanical systems and is less expensive than phased-array antennas.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe combination of the Wave Glider\u2019s long duration and intelligent autonomy capabilities through GTRI\u2019s new Agile Aperture Antenna provides customers with increased communications precision through the roughest of seas,\u201d said Richard \u201cScoop\u201d Jackson, director of federal business development with Liquid Robotics. \u201cThe availability of the GTRI Agile Aperture Antenna on the Wave Glider SV Series comes at a perfect time when deployment of autonomous surface vehicles for maritime security is rapidly increasing due to the cost and capability advantages.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe antenna\u2019s performance can be optimized because it is reconfigurable, which means the electrical structure of the antenna can be easily changed \u2013 even while in operation in the field.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe antenna consists of a thin dielectric substrate that supports an array of square, metallic patches that can be switched on or off as needed to provide the proper configuration. The researchers measure the antenna patterns to determine which switches should be open and which should be closed to optimize the antenna performance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOur biggest challenge with this project has been to quickly control the switches on the antenna in a low-power fashion without impacting antenna performance,\u201d said Kiesel.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile the antenna remained in a fixed position for the recent demonstration, for future tests the researchers may add a low-power mechanical system to slowly raise the antenna to an operational angle and then stow it to a position flush with the surface of the Wave Glider when the antenna isn\u2019t needed. This technology would make it harder to visually detect the Wave Glider.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe original antenna technology was developed by GTRI Advanced Concepts Laboratory director Lon Pringle, principal research engineer Jim Maloney and former principal research engineer Paul Friederich.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe anticipate that our agile aperture antenna technology will begin wide deployment on unmanned surface vehicles in the next year and on unmanned air vehicles within two years given its advantages of being low power and lightweight,\u201d noted Maloney. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, GTRI researchers Don Davis, Matthew Habib, Bill Hunter and Tim Richardson also contributed to this research.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Lance Wallace (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-407-7280) or John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-894-6986).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAntenna technology originally developed to quickly send and receive information through a software-defined military radio may soon be used to transmit ocean data from a wave-powered autonomous surface vehicle. 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Glider","file":{"fid":"197169","name":"agile-aperture444.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture444_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture444_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":907459,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/agile-aperture444_0.jpg?itok=Vv3A4yzG"}},"217911":{"id":"217911","type":"image","title":"Wave Glider2","body":null,"created":"1449180130","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 22:02:10","changed":"1475894885","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:48:05","alt":"Wave Glider2","file":{"fid":"197170","name":"agile-aperture705.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture705_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/agile-aperture705_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":696935,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/agile-aperture705_0.jpg?itok=8PzavzPo"}}},"media_ids":["217921","217931","217941","217901","217911"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"68051","name":"Agile Aperture Antenna"},{"id":"7264","name":"autonomous"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"68041","name":"wave glider"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39521","name":"Robotics"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"208451":{"#nid":"208451","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Develop Sensor System to Assess the Effects of Explosions on Soldiers","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EImprovised explosive devices (IEDs) are becoming a global problem for the U.S. armed forces. To prevent injuries to soldiers and provide better care to those who are injured, the U.S. military is striving to better understand how blasts impact the human body.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 2011, the Army\u2019s Rapid Equipping Force (REF) approached the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) as part of the Department of Defense Information Analysis Center (IAC) program to develop a system that measures the physical environment of an explosion and collects data that can be used to correlate what the soldier experienced with long-term medical outcomes, especially traumatic brain injury.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe solution: the Integrated Blast Effect Sensor Suite (IBESS). IBESS is the first system to acquire integrated, time-tagged data during an explosive event \u2013 whether soldiers are on the ground or riding in a vehicle \u2013 and can later help recreate a holistic picture of what happened.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESystem of systems\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are two parts to a blast: a shock wave that travels at supersonic speed, and compressed air, which travels in front of the shock wave. Both can cause considerable damage to the human body, but the exact effects are unclear.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cNo one knows to what extent overpressure or acceleration causes injuries,\u201d said Marty Broadwell, a principal research scientist at GTRI who manages the institute\u2019s projects with REF. \u201cNor do we know how quickly an injury will show up, how long it will last or which soldiers are more resistant to harm than others. The only way to understand the impact of a blast is to collect data, which is precisely what IBESS does.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow it works\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIBESS features two major subsystems: a unit worn by the soldier and a vehicle sensor suite. The soldier system is contained in a canvas pouch, which attaches to a soldier\u2019s armor between his or her shoulder blades. A recorder in the pouch connects to four pressure sensors, two on the back and two on straps that hang over the front of the shoulders. Because these sensors face different quadrants, the unit captures directionality and more information than previous blast gauges.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cSoldiers already carry considerable gear, so reducing the weight of the body unit and power consumption of its batteries drove many design decisions,\u201d said Brian Liu, a GTRI research engineer who served as technical lead on the project. For example, the recorder in the soldier body unit remains in sleep mode until pressure or shock waves hit a certain threshold, causing it to wake and begin recording data.\u0026nbsp; This allows the system to have longer battery life and remain relatively transparent to the wearer.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe vehicle system serves a dual purpose: It records blast events that affect the vehicle, but also interacts and automatically links with the soldier system. When a soldier enters a vehicle, a base station installed in seats transmits RFID signals. If the soldier system has stored any data, these signals initiate a Bluetooth connection that enables two-way communication and data transfer. This semi-passive RFID technology is proximity based; transmission and reception occur only at very close range, so IBESS can identify a soldier\u2019s precise location in the vehicle.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESensors are also installed on the vehicle\u2019s interior frame and seats. If an explosion or rollover occurs, these sensors collect linear acceleration and angular rotation data. The soldier system also wakes up and begins to record and transmit data. A single board computer aggregates data from both the vehicle and soldier systems and then passes it on to a rugged black box for final storage.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIBESS is specifically designed to withstand tremendous forces of an IED explosion.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Materials, mounting strategies and mechanical isolation strategies have been used to ensure the devices successfully capture data in \u2018survivable\u2019 events,\u201d Liu explained. \u201cWe first conducted research on what kinds of magnitudes of blasts were survivable for mounted and dismounted operations and then performed many tests at those levels for verification.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIBESS is innovative on many fronts:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003ESynchronized data: Unlike earlier generations of blast gauges, all data in IBESS is time-tagged, using GPS time as common time source. \u201cUsing this data we can rebuild an event,\u201d Liu explained. \u201cEven though soldiers aren\u2019t wired together, we\u2019ll know they were in the same vehicle and experienced the same event \u2014 and can assess how an event propagated through.\u201d\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EScalability: GTRI researchers used as many off-the-shelf and standard components as possible. \u201cThis open architecture makes it easier to expand the system,\u201d observed Douglas Woods, GTRI research scientist and IBESS program manager.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAnonymity: By leveraging the Department of Defense\u2019s Common Access Card (CAC) system\u2019s Personal Key Identifier (PKI), IBESS can collect information uniquely tied to individual soldiers. Use of the PKI makes the data virtually anonymous so other researchers can study it without compromising privacy or containing personally identifiable information.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother hallmark of the project was its rapid completion schedule. REF awarded the contract to GTRI in July 2011. Researchers wrapped up preliminary designs in September, and by early 2012 they were testing and refining the system. IBESS units began to ship overseas in August, and now the system has been issued to more than 650 troops and will be installed on 42 vehicles in Afghanistan.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOur work with GTRI has been outstanding,\u201d said Joe Rozmeski, REF\u2019s deputy chief of technology management. \u201cOriginally chosen for its sensor expertise, GTRI has proven to be an ideal partner for us. They understand their role perfectly and are in tune with the REF\u0027s objectives for integrated blast effect research and collection.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnderstanding the challenge\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt its peak, the project involved more than 50 researchers with expertise ranging from electronics to mechanical engineering to health systems. This diversity in disciplines was critical to IBESS\u2019 success.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIf you don\u2019t understand the context in which a device will be used, you won\u2019t be collecting the right information, said Shean Phelps, M.D., a principal research scientist who joined GTRI in 2011. A retired Army officer, Phelps was a Special Forces (Green Beret) weapons, medic and team sergeant before becoming a physician and was instrumental not only in initiating the IBESS project but also in providing both operational and medical perspectives.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETraumatic brain injury has become a greater concern in recent years. \u201cBecause of improved equipment and medical services, people are surviving severe explosions,\u201d Phelps explained. \u201cYet we lack a clear understanding of blast-induced injuries on the human nervous system. Mild traumatic brain injury is a particular concern because it has a wide range of symptoms and doesn\u2019t show up reliably in tests, so we can\u2019t effectively diagnose, treat and manage its long-term effects.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith IBESS, complex contextual data can be collected to link soldiers\u2019 experiences with their medical records and later correlate a blast event to traumatic brain injury. IBESS is a major step forward for both the medical and engineering communities, Phelps said: \u201cWe now have a platform that\u2019s dramatically different from previous efforts to collect blast data because it\u2019s time-tagged, fully integrated between humans and vehicles, able to pinpoint an individual\u2019s location in a vehicle \u2014 and able to accept data from any sensor.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat\u2019s ahead\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOngoing work is being conducted by a team of GTRI research engineers led by Allesio Medda, who are building a structured database and analytical tools for the data that IBESS collects. Other GTRI researchers are installing sensors in the ear-cup of communications headsets worn by soldiers, which measure linear and rotational acceleration on six axes. After testing, these headsets will be issued to 200 Army Rangers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECurrently IBESS only captures environmental data. Yet because of its open architecture, other diagnostic capabilities can be easily integrated. For example, sensors could be added to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen and hydration levels, body temperature and EKG activity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith such biometric sensors, IBESS could evaluate soldiers\u2019 physical condition in training or on the battlefield for triage purposes or to assess their ability to do a certain job. Data from the system could be used to improve equipment and vehicle design. For example, gear might be developed to divert a shock wave or change its frequency if a particular frequency is shown to damage the brain. IBESS could also be adapted for non-military applications, such as monitoring construction workers, race car drivers or elderly people in their homes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cCollecting physical data on the blast environment is the critical first step before the system can be made medically predictive,\u201d stressed Woods. \u201cAn explosion is a physical phenomenon. In order to understand the extent of injuries and how to prevent them, you must first understand the physics.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-894-6986) or Lance Wallace (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-407-7280)\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: T.J. Becker\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETo study the effects of improvised explosive devices on soldiers and help provide continuing treatment, researchers have developed a sensor system that measures the physical environment of an explosion and collects data that can correlate what the soldier experienced with long-term outcomes.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have developed a sensor system to study the effects of explosions on soldiers."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-04-22 21:44:33","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:14:08","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-04-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2013-04-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"208411":{"id":"208411","type":"image","title":"IBESS System","body":null,"created":"1449180001","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 22:00:01","changed":"1475894866","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:46","alt":"IBESS System","file":{"fid":"196812","name":"i-bess103.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/i-bess103_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/i-bess103_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1240470,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/i-bess103_0.jpg?itok=GA_AjboO"}},"208421":{"id":"208421","type":"image","title":"IBESS System2","body":null,"created":"1449180001","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 22:00:01","changed":"1475894866","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:46","alt":"IBESS System2","file":{"fid":"196813","name":"ibess125.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ibess125_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ibess125_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1287514,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ibess125_0.jpg?itok=YcLAosMy"}},"208431":{"id":"208431","type":"image","title":"IBESS System3","body":null,"created":"1449180001","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 22:00:01","changed":"1475894866","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:46","alt":"IBESS System3","file":{"fid":"196814","name":"ibess193.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ibess193_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ibess193_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1403587,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ibess193_0.jpg?itok=vb83RoLl"}}},"media_ids":["208411","208421","208431"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"3095","name":"explosion"},{"id":"415","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"7033","name":"IED"},{"id":"64661","name":"improvised explosive device"},{"id":"525","name":"military"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"203771":{"#nid":"203771","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Project Will Improve Heat Dissipation in 3-D Microelectronic Systems","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology have won a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) contract to develop three-dimensional chip-cooling technology able to handle heat loads as much as ten times greater than systems commonly used today.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to higher overall chip heat dissipation demands, the new approach will also have to handle on-chip hot-spots that dissipate considerably more power per unit area than the remainder of the device. Such cooling demands may be needed for future generations of high-performance integrated circuits embedded in a wide range of military equipment.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThere is really no good way to address this heat dissipation need with existing technology, and the problem is getting worse because computing power is increasing and the capabilities being put on chips are expanding,\u201d said Yogendra Joshi, a professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the project\u2019s principal investigator. \u201cThere is a real need for developing schemes that can address high power on the whole chip coupled with very high power dissipation areas that are only a few millimeters square.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDARPA\u2019s Microsystems Technology Office, which provided the three-year $2.9 million contract, is seeking techniques to dissipate heat of as much as one kilowatt per square centimeter in the overall integrated circuit, and five kilowatts per square centimeter on smaller areas. The research is part of DARPA\u2019s Intrachip\/Interchip Enhanced Cooling (ICECool) program.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe approaches that we are talking about are relatively high-risk,\u201d said Joshi, who specializes in electronic cooling from the chip-level on up to full-sized data centers. \u201cThey have not been tried before, so there are real questions of reliability \u2013 whether they can hold up under repeated cycles of being powered up and powered down.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to Joshi, the research team includes:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMuhannad Bakir, an associate professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, who specializes in three-dimensional interconnected systems;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAndrei Fedorov, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Mechanical Engineering, who specializes in understanding and utilizing unique physical properties at the nanoscale, and\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ESuresh Sitaraman, also a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Mechanical Engineering, who specializes in evaluating electronic device reliability through innovative characterization techniques and physics-based modeling.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile applications for the high-powered chips aren\u2019t specified, their installation in systems intended for field use will add to the level of challenge.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cFor speed and performance issues, this computing power may be embedded where it is needed in the field,\u201d Joshi said. \u201cThe challenges of cooling these high performance integrated circuits will be even more challenging because they will operate in environments that may be adverse compared to an office or computer room situation.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmong the significant challenges ahead are:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EImplementing non-uniform cooling using liquid evaporation in three dimensional integrated circuits. The program calls for two dies to be cooled together, but the approaches developed for that could be used in multiple stacked dies. Being able to cool smaller areas with higher heat dissipation needs will provide an additional challenge.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMeeting reliability standards while ensuring that the coolant and vaporization within tiny microfluidic passages does not induce liquid dry-out, passage cracking, fluid leakage or undesirable electronic performance.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EFabricating micron-scale cooling structures smaller than the thickness of a hair in the integrated circuit stack and understanding the flow and heat transfer physics taking place at that scale.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt is well known that cooling constraints play a critical role in designing electronic systems,\u201d said Bakir. \u201cOften a favorable electronic system configuration may not be realizable due to lack of adequate cooling. The novel microscale thermal technologies that will result from this project will address the most demanding thermal needs of future heterogeneous 3-D nanoelectronic systems and will enable new levels of performance and energy efficiency.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the technology challenges, the researchers will also need to develop a detailed and fundamental understanding of how liquids boil at the micron size scale.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe physics of how liquids boil has been well studied for large systems such as power plant boilers,\u201d Joshi noted. \u201cWhat we are talking about here is boiling that will take place in passages that are produced by microfabrication techniques that may be only 50 micrometers by 50 micrometers. The physics of what will be going on there is very different than what happens at the large scale, and how these liquids boil in the passages of interest will result in new scientific insights.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESelecting an appropriate coolant able to provide the necessary phase change performance \u2013 while not damaging the silicon chips \u2013 will be part of the project. In an earlier research program supported by the Office of Naval Research, Georgia Tech developed new coolant candidates that will be considered along with traditional dielectric fluids.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe research will be done in collaboration with industry partner Rockwell-Collins, a major manufacturer of electronic systems for the military. That collaboration will help ensure that solutions developed will be compatible with defense system requirements.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe challenges for material characterization and physics-based modeling are to consider the larger features of the electronic system without overlooking the micrometer and sub-micrometer scale features that are the main locations for fracture and failure,\u201d said Sitaraman. \u201cMechanical characterization and physics-based modeling will be important to understanding the reliability of microelectronic systems operating with fluid passages.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond meeting the project requirements, the research will produce technology advances that should be broadly useful for future microsystems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe technologies we have proposed aim to explore uncharted territory in multiple science and technology domains to bring about an order-of-magnitude improvement in the current state-of-the-art,\u201d said Fedorov. \u201cThe project represents a significant challenge on the most fundamental level of materials and fluid behavior down to the sub-micron scale. We\u2019re confident that this project will produce some really new technologies to address the needs of future 3-D microsystems.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract HR0011-13-2-0008. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this article are those of the principal investigator and do not necessarily represent the official views of DARPA.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology have won a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) contract to develop three-dimensional chip cooling technology able to handle heat loads as much as ten times greater than systems commonly used today.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new DARPA grant will fund development of 3-D technology able to cool future generations of microsystems."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-04-02 09:49:04","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:13:59","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-04-02T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2013-04-02T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"203761":{"id":"203761","type":"image","title":"3D Cooling","body":null,"created":"1449179967","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:59:27","changed":"1475894859","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:39","alt":"3D Cooling","file":{"fid":"196660","name":"3d-cooling34.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/3d-cooling34_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/3d-cooling34_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1734655,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/3d-cooling34_0.jpg?itok=S9kig4bu"}}},"media_ids":["203761"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"63131","name":"3-D microsystems"},{"id":"63151","name":"chip cooling"},{"id":"437","name":"cooling"},{"id":"63141","name":"heat dissipation"},{"id":"63161","name":"integrated circuits"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"id":"2378","name":"Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering"},{"id":"31901","name":"Yogendra Joshi"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39541","name":"Systems"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"205601":{"#nid":"205601","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Project Will Help Protect U.S. Forces by Simulating Hostile UAVs","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EToday, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a rapidly growing part of military operations, and forces that aren\u0027t prepared to deal with them are vulnerable. To protect its ground forces, the United States military must be prepared to counter the surveillance technologies aboard hostile unmanned aircraft.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs part of its broad-based work in electronic-warfare technologies, the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) is developing integrated hardware devices that simulate sensors potentially present on enemy UAVs. The technology \u2013 produced by GTRI as part of its Threat Unmanned Devices Program \u2013 is expected to be used to gauge the effectiveness of U.S. countermeasures against enemy drones. The research is sponsored by the U.S. Army Threat Systems Management Office.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The assets that we\u0027re building can simulate the threat capability you would expect on a foreign unmanned aerial vehicle,\u0022 said Vince Camp, a GTRI senior research engineer who is a principal investigator for the project. \u0022We\u0027re reproducing the ISR [intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance] capability that a threat UAV would have. Simulating this ISR capability makes it possible to test the effectiveness of U.S. countermeasures against a potentially hostile signal intelligence capability in the air.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen aloft, GTRI\u0027s integrated devices simulate three principal threat capabilities, said Doug Martin, a senior research engineer who directs the GTRI Threat Unmanned Devices Program. The simulated threats include an electro-optical infrared sensor package that includes thermal-imaging capability, other sensors that detect and analyze U.S. communication signals, and equipment capable of jamming U.S. weapons systems. Additional threat-simulation capabilities could be added in the future.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The intent here isn\u0027t to shoot down a hostile UAV or even to prevent it from being there,\u0022 Martin explained. \u0022We want to know what information that vehicle is trying to gather, and what can be done to minimize the exposure of that information.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECurrently, he noted, GTRI\u0027s threat simulator payload is being used on a Diamond DA-40 manned aircraft rather than a UAV. That\u0027s largely because the presence of a human pilot makes it easier to obtain clearance to fly over U.S. ground forces and ground assets at test ranges. Acquiring clearance for a UAV flyover is more difficult and time-consuming due to safety concerns.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter takeoff, the test aircraft is directed entirely by a ground operator. The human pilot simply executes the flight plan and commands sent from the ground, maintaining a human-in-the-loop in the event of an emergency.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe simulator devices are controlled from the ground via a FalconView interface, which also provides the pilot direction. FalconView is a widely used mapping system created by GTRI that displays maps and other information useful to military mission planners, aviators and aviation support personnel.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022From the standpoint of the ground operator, the manned aircraft will look and function like a UAV,\u0022 Martin said. \u0022The ground control interface makes it look like it\u0027s an autonomous vehicle up there.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team has finished integration of the threat-simulation devices that are called for under current plans and has passed initial acceptance tests in the air. The completed system was demonstrated successfully at a missile range in fall 2012.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEventually, Camp said, it\u0027s possible that GTRI\u0027s threat simulator hardware will be placed on true UAVs, which could be either ground-controlled or fully autonomous. Mounting a simulation payload on a UAV could provide a more complete, multi-function test environment.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Currently, simulating threat UAV payload performance is the priority over simulating the signature of the aircraft,\u0022 Camp said. \u0022In the future, a test UAV platform could provide a more realistic radar cross-section, electro-optic\/infrared signature and acoustic signature needed to provide a complete threat UAV test capability. What we learn from testing with the UAV threat simulator will help us deploy countermeasures more effectively.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Lance Wallace (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is developing integrated hardware devices that simulate sensors potentially present on enemy UAVs. The technology is expected to be used to gauge the effectiveness of U.S. countermeasures against enemy drones.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers are simulating hostile UAVS to help the U.S. military address these threats."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-04-09 20:47:02","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:13:59","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-04-10T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2013-04-10T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"205591":{"id":"205591","type":"image","title":"Simulating sensors on a hostile UAV","body":null,"created":"1449179977","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:59:37","changed":"1475894861","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:41","alt":"Simulating sensors on a hostile UAV","file":{"fid":"196716","name":"threat-uav100_3480.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/threat-uav100_3480_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/threat-uav100_3480_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1443762,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/threat-uav100_3480_0.jpg?itok=wIPItfDp"}}},"media_ids":["205591"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"63671","name":"GTRI. Vince Camp"},{"id":"171265","name":"simulator"},{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"},{"id":"3249","name":"unmanned aerial vehicle"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"203081":{"#nid":"203081","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Acoustic Time Delay Device Could Reduce the Size and Cost of Phased Array Systems","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERadar systems today depend increasingly on phased-array antennas, an advanced design in which extensive grids of solid state components direct signal beams electronically. Phased array technology is replacing traditional electro-mechanical radar antennas \u2013 the familiar rotating dish that goes back many decades \u2013 because stationary solid state electronics are faster, more precise and more reliable than moving mechanical parts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYet phased array antennas, which require bulky supporting electronics, can be as large as older systems. To address this issue, a research team from the Georgia Institute of Technology has developed a novel device \u2013 the ultra-compact passive true time delay.\u0026nbsp; This component could help reduce the size, complexity, power requirements and cost of phased array designs, and may have applications in other defense and communication areas as well.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe patent-pending ultra-compact device takes advantage of the difference in speed between light and sound, explained Ryan Westafer, a Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) research engineer who is leading the effort. The ultra-compact device uses acoustic technology to produce a type of signal delay that\u0027s essential to phased-array performance; existing phased-array antennas use cumbersome electrical technology to create this type of signal delay.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Most true time delay equipment currently uses long, meandering electromagnetic delay lines \u2013 comparable to coaxial cable \u2013 that take up a lot of space,\u0022 Westafer said. \u0022In addition, there are some time delay designs that utilize photonic technology, but they currently have size and functionality drawbacks as well.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe ultra-compact delay device uses acoustic delay lines that are embedded entirely within thin film materials. The component can be made thousands of times smaller than an electrical delay-line design, Westafer said, and it can be readily integrated on top of semiconductor substrates commonly used in radar systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA Critical Delay\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a phased array radar system, true time delays are necessary to assure proper performance of the many signal beam producing elements that make up the array. As the elements scan back and forth electronically at extremely high speeds, their timing requires extremely fine coordination.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The individual antenna elements of a phased array appear to scan together, but in fact each element\u2019s signal has to leave up to a few nanoseconds later than its neighbor or the steered beam will be spoiled,\u201d explained Kyle Davis, a GTRI research engineer who is a team member. \u0022These delays need to march down each element in the array in succession for a steered beam to be produced. Without correct time delays, the signals will be degraded by a periodic interference pattern and the location of the target will be unclear.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETraditional phased array systems use one foot of electrical delay line for each nanosecond of delay. By contrast, the Georgia Tech team\u0027s time-delay design consists of a thin-film acoustic component that\u0027s a mere 40 microns square. The tiny device can be readily integrated into the silicon substrate of a radar component, yet it provides the same delay as many feet of cable.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis size reduction is possible because of a simple fact of physics \u2013 sound traveling through the air moves about 100,000 times more slowly than light. As a result, when an electromagnetic wave such as a radar signal becomes an acoustic wave, it slows down dramatically. In the case of the ultra-compact passive true time delay component, the acoustic area of the component furnishes a multi-nanosecond delay in the space of a few microns.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Microwave acoustic delay lines actually date back to 1959, but our ultra-compact delay\u0027s small size represents a significant advance that should allow microwave acoustic delay lines to be manufactured and integrated much more readily,\u0022 explained William Hunt, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. \u0022And it\u0027s worth noting that this innovative work took place as the result of both strong student participation and very effective collaboration across several Georgia Tech units.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAcoustic Wave Conversion\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA phased array radar using the Georgia Tech time delay component could operate like this: An electromagnetic wave is transmitted through an electrical line to the compact time delay device. Then, within the delay device, a piezoelectric transducer converts electromagnetic waves to acoustic waves, and over the distance of a few microns the waves are slowed by several orders of magnitude.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOnce the required delay is achieved, the acoustic waves are transduced back to electromagnetic waves, delivered into another electrical line and transmitted by an antenna. A similar but reverse sequence takes place when the radar beam bounces back from its target and is received by the antenna.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to Westafer, Davis and Hunt, the Georgia Tech development team includes GTRI principal research engineers Jeff Hallman and Jim Maloney; GTRI research engineer Brent Tillery and GTRI research associate Chris Ward; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering student Stephen Mihalko, and GTRI student assistant Jonathan Perez.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo date, the Georgia Tech team has successfully demonstrated that the current version of the ultra-compact passive true time delay can handle radar signals at 100 percent bandwidth while delivering a 10 nanosecond delay. The team is presently addressing technical issues such as signal loss, and near-term plans call for the demonstration of an improved device design and the delivery of initial packaged devices to customers. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Lance Wallace (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team has developed an ultra-compact passive true time delay device that could help reduce the size, complexity, power requirements and cost of phased array designs. The patent-pending device takes advantage of the difference in speed between light and sound to create nanosecond signal delays needed for beam steering.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have developed an ultra-compact passive true time delay device that could help improve phased array systems."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-03-29 11:35:16","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:13:55","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-03-29T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2013-03-29T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"203061":{"id":"203061","type":"image","title":"Acoustic time delay","body":null,"created":"1449179952","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:59:12","changed":"1475894859","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:39","alt":"Acoustic time delay","file":{"fid":"196633","name":"timedelay1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/timedelay1_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/timedelay1_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1812296,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/timedelay1_0.jpg?itok=ALteAsFp"}},"203071":{"id":"203071","type":"image","title":"Acoustic time delay2","body":null,"created":"1449179952","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:59:12","changed":"1475894859","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:39","alt":"Acoustic time delay2","file":{"fid":"196634","name":"timedelay5.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/timedelay5_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/timedelay5_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1652012,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/timedelay5_0.jpg?itok=t5cleCDf"}}},"media_ids":["203061","203071"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1501","name":"acoustic"},{"id":"62861","name":"acoustic time delay"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"62871","name":"phased array"},{"id":"62881","name":"phased array radar"},{"id":"2621","name":"radar"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39541","name":"Systems"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"194131":{"#nid":"194131","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Study Adhesion System of Remora Fish to Create Bio-Inspired Adhesive","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen a shark is spotted in the ocean, humans and marine animals alike usually flee. But not the remora \u2013 this fish will instead swim right up to a shark and attach itself to the predator using a suction disk located on the top of its head. While we know why remoras attach to larger marine animals \u2013 for transportation, protection and food \u2013 the question of how they attach and detach from hosts without appearing to harm them remains unanswered.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA new study led by researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) provides details of the structure and tissue properties of the remora\u2019s unique adhesion system. The researchers plan to use this information to create an engineered reversible adhesive inspired by the remora that could be used to create pain- and residue-free bandages, attach sensors to objects in aquatic or military reconnaissance environments, replace surgical clamps and help robots climb.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhile other creatures with unique adhesive properties \u2013 such as geckos, tree frogs and insects \u2013 have been the inspiration for laboratory-fabricated adhesives, the remora has been overlooked until now,\u201d said GTRI senior research engineer Jason Nadler. \u201cThe remora\u2019s attachment mechanism is quite different from other suction cup-based systems, fasteners or adhesives that can only attach to smooth surfaces or cannot be detached without damaging the host.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe study results were presented at the Materials Research Society\u2019s 2012 Fall Meeting and will be published in the meeting\u2019s proceedings. The research was supported by the Georgia Research Alliance and GTRI.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe remora\u2019s suction plate is a greatly evolved dorsal fin on top of the fish\u2019s body. The fin is flattened into a disk-like pad and surrounded by a thick, fleshy lip of connective tissue that creates the seal between the remora and its host. The lip encloses rows of plate-like structures called lamellae, from which perpendicular rows of tooth-like structures called spinules emerge. The intricate skeletal structure enables efficient attachment to surfaces including sharks, sea turtles, whales and even boats.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo better understand how remoras attach to a host, Nadler and GTRI research scientist Allison Mercer teamed up with researchers from the Georgia Tech School of Biology and Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering to investigate and quantitatively analyze the structure and form of the remora adhesion system, including its hierarchical nature.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERemora typically attach to larger marine animals for three reasons: transportation \u2013 a free ride that allows the remora to conserve energy; protection \u2013 being attacked when attached to a shark is unlikely; and food \u2013 sharks are very sloppy eaters, often leaving plenty of delectable morsels floating around for the remora to gobble up.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut whether this attachment was active or passive had been unclear. Results from the GTRI study suggest that remoras utilize a passive adhesion mechanism, meaning that the fish do not have to exert additional energy to maintain their attachment. The researchers suspect that drag forces created as the host swims actually increase the strength of the adhesion.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDissection experiments showed that the remora\u2019s attachment or release from a host could be controlled by muscles that raise or lower the lamellae. Dissection also revealed light-colored muscle tissue surrounding the suction disk, indicating low levels of myoglobin. For the remora to maintain active muscle control while attached to a marine host over long distances, the muscle tissue should display high concentrations of myoglobin, which were only seen in the much darker swimming muscles.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe were very excited to discover that the adhesion is passive,\u201d said Mercer. \u201cWe may be able to exploit and improve upon some of the adhesive properties of the fish to produce a synthetic material.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers also developed a technique that allowed them to collect thousands of measurements from three remora specimens, which yielded new insight into the shape, arrangement and spacing of their features. First, they imaged the remoras in attached and detached states using microtomography, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. From the images, the researchers digitally reconstructed each specimen, measured characteristic features, and quantified structural similarities among specimens with significant size differences.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDetailed microtomography-based surface renderings of the lamellae showed a row of shorter, more regularly spaced and more densely packed spinules and another row of longer, less densely spaced spinules. A quantitative analysis uncovered similarities in suction disk structure with respect to the size and position of the lamellae and spinules despite significant specimen size differences. One of the fish\u2019s disks was more than twice as long as the others, but the researchers observed a length-to-width ratio of each specimen\u2019s adhesion disk that was within 16 percent of the average.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThrough additional experiments, the researchers found that the spacing between the spinules on the remoras and the spacing between scales on mako sharks was remarkably similar.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cComplementary spacing between features on the remora and a shark likely contributes to the larger adhesive strength that has been observed when remoras are attached to shark skin compared to smoother surfaces,\u201d said Mercer.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers are planning to conduct further tests to better understand the roles of the various suction disk structural elements and their interactions to create a successful attachment and detachment system in the laboratory.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe are not trying to replicate the exact remora adhesion structure that occurs in nature,\u201d explained Nadler. \u201cWe would like to identify, characterize and harness its critical features to design and test attachment systems that enable those unique adhesive functions. Ultimately, we want to optimize a bio-inspired adhesive for a wide variety of applications that have capabilities and performance advantages over adhesives or fasteners available today.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, the following researchers also contributed to this work: Georgia Tech mechanical engineering research engineer Angela Lin, professor Robert Guldberg and graduate student Michael Culler; Georgia Tech biology graduate student Ryan Bloomquist and associate professor Todd Streelman; GTRI research scientist Keri Ledford, and Georgia Aquarium Director of Research and Conservation Dr. Alistair Dove.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Lance Wallace (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new study provides details of the structure and tissue properties of the unique adhesion system used by remora fish to attach themselves to sharks and other marine animals. The information could lead to a new engineered reversible adhesive that could be used to create pain- and residue-free bandages, attach sensors to objects in aquatic or military reconnaissance environments, replace surgical clamps and help robots climb.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Details of the unique adhesion system used by remoras could lead to new bio-inspired adhesives."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-02-20 22:08:22","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:13:40","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-02-21T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2013-02-21T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"194101":{"id":"194101","type":"image","title":"Remora adhesive disk","body":null,"created":"1449179891","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:58:11","changed":"1475894843","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:23","alt":"Remora adhesive disk","file":{"fid":"196370","name":"remora38.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/remora38_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/remora38_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":4317762,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/remora38_0.jpg?itok=PbSTSKl4"}},"194111":{"id":"194111","type":"image","title":"Remora adhesive disk2","body":null,"created":"1449179891","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:58:11","changed":"1475894843","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:23","alt":"Remora adhesive disk2","file":{"fid":"196371","name":"remora104.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/remora104_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/remora104_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":4685823,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/remora104_0.jpg?itok=xcNQXhAp"}},"194121":{"id":"194121","type":"image","title":"Remora adhesive disk3","body":null,"created":"1449179891","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:58:11","changed":"1475894843","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:23","alt":"Remora adhesive disk3","file":{"fid":"196372","name":"remora128.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/remora128_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/remora128_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3826456,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/remora128_0.jpg?itok=ajOp-Gw4"}}},"media_ids":["194101","194111","194121"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7163","name":"adhesive"},{"id":"59331","name":"bio-inspired"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"12176","name":"Jason Nadler"},{"id":"59321","name":"remora"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"184241":{"#nid":"184241","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Aerial Platform Supports Development of Lightweight Sensors for UAVs","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) is developing an airborne testing capability for sensors, communications devices and other airborne payloads. This aerial test bed, called the GTRI Airborne Unmanned Sensor System (GAUSS), is based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) made by Griffon Aerospace and modified by GTRI.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Developing new sensor technologies that can be effectively employed from the air is a priority today given the rapidly increasing use of unmanned aircraft,\u0022 said Michael Brinkmann, a GTRI principal research engineer who is leading the work. \u0022Given suitable technology, small UAVs can perform complex, low-altitude missions effectively and at lower cost. The GAUSS system gives GTRI and its customers the ability to develop and test new airborne payloads in a rapid, cost effective way.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe current project includes development, installation and testing of a sensor suite relevant to many of GTRI\u2019s customers. This suite consists of a camera package, a signals intelligence package for detecting and locating ground-based emitters, and a multi-channel ground-mapping radar.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe radar is being designed using phased-array antenna technology that enables electronic scanning. This approach is more flexible and agile than traditional mechanically steered antennas.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe combined sensor package is lightweight enough to be carried by the GAUSS UAV, which is a variant of the Griffon Outlaw ER aircraft and has a 13.6-foot wingspan and a payload capacity of approximately 40 pounds. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe aircraft navigates using a high precision global positioning system (GPS) combined with an inertial navigation system. These help guide the UAV, which can be programmed for autonomous flight or piloted manually from the ground. The airborne mission package also includes multi-terabyte onboard data recording and a stabilized gimbal that isolates the camera from aircraft movement.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHeavier sensor designs have several disadvantages, observed Mike Heiges, a principal research engineer who leads the GTRI team that is responsible for flying and maintaining the UAV platform. Larger sensors require larger unmanned aircraft to carry them, and those aircraft use bigger engines and must fly higher to avoid detection.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Rather than have your design spiral upwards until you\u0027re using very large and expensive aircraft, smaller sensors allow the use of smaller aircraft,\u0022 Heiges said.\u0026nbsp; \u0022A smaller UAV saves money and is logistically easier to support. But most important, it can gather information closer to the tactical level on the ground, where it\u0027s arguably most valuable.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team has developed a modular design that allows the GAUSS platform to be reconfigured for a number of sensor types. Among the possibilities for evaluation are devices that utilize light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology and chemical-biological sensing technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The overall concept for the GAUSS program is that the airplane itself will be simply a conveyance, and we can mount on it whatever sensor\/communication package is required,\u0022 said Brinkmann.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe radar package that GTRI is currently installing and testing is complex, he explained.\u0026nbsp; In addition to phased-array scanning capability, the radar operates in the X-band, is capable of five acquisition modes and can be programmed to transmit arbitrary waveforms.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This radar is a very flexible system that will be able to do ground mapping, as well as detecting and tracking objects moving around on the ground,\u0022 Brinkmann said. \u0022These multiple sensing capabilities offer many possibilities for defense operations, along with search-and-rescue and disaster-recovery operations.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPossible applications include using the signals intelligence package to locate people buried in rubble by searching for cell phone signals, he said. In another scenario, a group of self-guided UAVs could be used to create an ad hoc cell phone network. That application could be potentially valuable in a post-disaster scenario where existing cell phone towers have been disabled, as happened after Hurricane Katrina, the Haiti earthquake and other events.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The GAUSS platform is extremely helpful for proof-of-principle development and testing new concepts for airborne sensors,\u0022 Brinkmann said. \u0022It gives GTRI a convenient and flexible base from which to pursue significant research in a variety of disciplines.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Lance Wallace (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is developing an airborne testing capability for sensors, communications devices and other airborne payloads. This aerial test bed, called the GTRI Airborne Unmanned Sensor System (GAUSS), is based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) made by Griffon Aerospace and modified by GTRI.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A modified unmanned aerial vehicle will help GTRI researchers test airborne instrumentation."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2013-01-16 11:05:29","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:13:29","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2013-01-16T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2013-01-16T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"184191":{"id":"184191","type":"image","title":"Flying Test Bed","body":null,"created":"1449179062","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:44:22","changed":"1475894830","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:10","alt":"Flying Test Bed","file":{"fid":"196098","name":"gauss2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gauss2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gauss2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1179326,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/gauss2_0.jpg?itok=DvAISsP7"}},"184201":{"id":"184201","type":"image","title":"Flying Test Bed2","body":null,"created":"1449179062","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:44:22","changed":"1475894830","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:10","alt":"Flying Test Bed2","file":{"fid":"196099","name":"gauss3.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gauss3_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gauss3_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1527467,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/gauss3_1.jpg?itok=VEn3O2sH"}}},"media_ids":["184191","184201"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"55361","name":"airborne testing"},{"id":"415","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"167066","name":"sensors"},{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"},{"id":"3249","name":"unmanned aerial vehicle"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39521","name":"Robotics"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"177121":{"#nid":"177121","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Contribute to Instrument for Remotely Measuring Hurricane Intensity","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA device designed by engineers at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) is part of the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD), an experimental airborne system developed by the Earth Science Office at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKnown as an analog beam-former, the GTRI device is part of the radiometer, which is being tested by NASA on a Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle. The radiometer measures microwave radiation emitted by the sea foam that is produced when high winds blow across ocean waves. By measuring the electromagnetic radiation, scientists can remotely assess surface wind speeds at multiple locations within the hurricanes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHIRAD could provide detailed information about the wind speeds and rain intensity inside hurricanes without the need to fly manned aircraft through the storms. In addition to the beam-former design, GTRI researchers also provided assistance to NASA with improvements aimed at a potential future, more advanced version of the radiometer.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cImproved knowledge of the wind speed field will enable the National Hurricane Center to better characterize the storm\u2019s intensity,\u201d explained Timothy Miller, Research and Analysis Team Lead for the Earth Science Office at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. \u201cBetter forecasts of storm intensity and structure will enable better warnings of such important factors as wind strength and storm surge. That would allow businesses and residents to prepare with more confidence in their knowledge of what is coming.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHIRAD was flown above two hurricanes in 2010 and a Pacific frontal system in 2012. Data it gathered on wind and rain will be provided to the scientific community for use in numerical modeling, and could also guide development of a next-generation system that would provide information on wind direction in addition to measuring wind speed and rain intensity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe have verified the instrument concept in terms of sensitivity to wind speed and rain rate,\u201d Miller said. \u201cWe have also learned a lot about the factors that need to be considered in developing calibrated images from the flight data. That work is still ongoing.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers supported development of the radiometer with design of the beam-formers, which are part of the radiometer\u2019s array antenna. The array antenna gathers microwave signals from the ocean and the GTRI-designed devices \u2013 several of which are required \u2013 form \u201cfan\u201d beams of electromagnetic energy across the ground path of the aircraft\u2019s travel. The resulting signals are then fed into sensitive receivers developed by researchers at the University of Michigan and ProSensing, Inc., a Massachusetts company.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThere are different ways to build antennas to solve this problem, but array antennas provide multi-channel capability and greater sensitivity,\u201d said Glenn Hopkins, a research engineer who headed up the GTRI design work. \u201cBecause this system is passive \u2013 it doesn\u2019t send out radiation \u2013 we need to have maximum sensitivity and a focus on minimizing noise in the system.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe HIRAD system, also known technically as a microwave synthetic aperture radiometer, is designed to operate in the microwave spectrum, from about 4 gigahertz to 7 gigahertz. Discrete parts of that range are used to enable discrimination between ocean surface emission and that from the rain located between the instrument and the surface.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOn the aircraft, the instrument would be flying a track over the storm, with a multitude of simultaneous beams,\u201d explained Hopkins. \u201cWe would be pixelating the surface and could determine what radiation is coming from each area to generate a map of the intensity of the wind speeds as we fly over the storm.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond supporting the radiometer\u2019s need for high sensitivity and low noise, the component also had to be as small and light as possible to be part of the Global Hawk payload. The GTRI design was manufactured by an outside company, and integrated directly onto the back of the instrument\u2019s antenna. The circuitry is just 20 one-thousandths of an inch thick, printed on flexible circuit materials.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis project is an example of the kinds of work we have been doing for the Department of Defense, and we\u2019re pleased that this technology can be transitioned to assist with weather prediction and research,\u201d Hopkins said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs part of a small business innovation research (SBIR) project with Spectral Research, Inc., GTRI researchers also participated in an effort to increase the capability of the HIRAD array by designing a dual polarized array to replace the single polarized array that is part of the existing test system. The dual polarized array operates at the same 4 to 7 gigahertz range as the single polarized array, but provides both polarization channels in the same area.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe dual polarized design exploited fragmented antenna technology developed at GTRI to support this broad range of frequencies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOne key challenge in the array study was to use the same footprint as the single polarization array,\u201d said Jim Maloney, a GTRI principal research engineer. \u201cPrototype dual polarization arrays were built and measured to confirm the ability of GTRI\u2019s fragmented antenna technology to meet the bandwidth and form factor requirements.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Global Hawk can fly at altitudes of more than 60,000 feet, and can stay in the air for as long as 31 hours, allowing it to remain in the hurricane area as much as four times longer than piloted aircraft now used for monitoring hurricanes. It provides data that is more detailed than what satellites could provide.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA UAV is able to stay over the storm for much longer,\u201d Miller noted. \u201cCompared to a satellite, the UAV observations are of much higher spatial resolution, and depending on the satellite\u2019s orbit, generally of a much longer time period. A satellite instrument would be able to observe storms continually, over a much larger area, but would provide much coarser spatial resolution.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDevelopment of HIRAD was supported by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The project involved partnerships among NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center, NOAA\u2019s Unmanned Aerial Systems Program, the University of Michigan, the University of Central Florida and NOAA\u2019s Hurricane Research Division.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Lance Wallace (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elance.wallace@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA device designed by engineers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is part of the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD), an experimental airborne system developed by the Earth Science Office at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A device designed at Georgia Tech is part of the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer being tested by NASA."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2012-12-12 14:54:23","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:13:22","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2012-12-12T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2012-12-12T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"177101":{"id":"177101","type":"image","title":"Hurricane 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Radiometer2","file":{"fid":"195904","name":"hurricane-radiometer-av1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hurricane-radiometer-av1_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hurricane-radiometer-av1_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":449928,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/hurricane-radiometer-av1_1.jpg?itok=TDvA02fe"}},"177071":{"id":"177071","type":"image","title":"Hurricane Radiometer","body":null,"created":"1449179031","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:43:51","changed":"1475894822","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:47:02","alt":"Hurricane Radiometer","file":{"fid":"195903","name":"hurricane-radiometer-global-hawk.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hurricane-radiometer-global-hawk_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hurricane-radiometer-global-hawk_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":265914,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/hurricane-radiometer-global-hawk_0.jpg?itok=AujiLhS2"}}},"media_ids":["177101","177081","177071"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"52981","name":"beam-former"},{"id":"52991","name":"Global Hawk"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"1860","name":"hurricane"},{"id":"408","name":"NASA"},{"id":"52961","name":"radiometer"},{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"},{"id":"39541","name":"Systems"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"142661":{"#nid":"142661","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Data Visualization Tool Helps Find the \u201cUnknown Unknowns\u201d","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has developed a software tool that enables users to perform in-depth analysis of modeling and simulation data, then visualize the results on screen. The new data analysis and visualization tool offers improved ease of use compared to similar tools, the researchers say, and could be readily adapted for use with existing data sets in a variety of disciplines.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe data analysis and visualization tool is a subset of the Test Matrix Tool (TMT), a multi-component system developed by GTRI for designing, executing and analyzing large-scale modeling and simulation data sets. The visualization capability offers a graphical user interface that provides both on-screen data-manipulation features like filters and the ability to see query results in the form of graphical images almost instantly.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cData visualization supports data analysis by letting users pose data-related questions onscreen with ease and then view the answers in ways that go far beyond ordinary table formats,\u201d said Edward Clarkson, a GTRI research scientist who is leading the data visualization work. \u201cA picture can be worth a thousand numbers, because visualizing data in a graph allows us to see patterns that might not be apparent from purely numerical results.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDevelopment of the Test Matrix Tool and its components is being led by Greg Rohling, a GTRI principal research engineer. Rohling\u2019s team developed the TMT to support modeling and simulation investigations into the effectiveness and optimization of numerous U.S. defense systems, including electronic warfare equipment used to protect military aircraft. The work is supported by the Warner Robins Air Logistics Center at Robins Air Force Base.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn developing a simulation test, Test Matrix Tool users can specify desired variations in input parameters using multiple data filters. The TMT system executes all possible combinations of those parameters, creating a test matrix. It then executes the simulations on a Sun\/Oracle Grid Engine and stores the resulting simulation output data in a MySQL database.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt that point, TMT\u2019s data analysis component, which includes the data visualization tool, helps users evaluate the often complex test results. By collating the test matrix input and output, the data analysis tools allow users to efficiently filter and visualize test matrix data.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Test Matrix Tool is designed for use on personal computers.\u0026nbsp; It works under the Linux and Microsoft Windows operating systems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENumerous Potential Applications\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESome TMT capabilities, including the data analysis and visualization components, could be useful for scrutinizing information gathered in many disciplines, Clarkson said.\u0026nbsp; He mentioned health care as one field where a multitude of existing data sets could be mined for new insights.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cFor example, there\u2019s an enormous amount of data out there on heart patients,\u201d he said. \u201cOur data tools could be used to investigate existing patient information and seek significant trends in the data.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EClarkson explained that users would face the challenge of organizing legacy data sets into formats that the GTRI data analysis software can exploit. But that task, he added, is generally straightforward and can be performed with automated tools in many cases.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe data format required by the TMT tools, he explained, is not particularly complex. What\u2019s needed is a standard database setup in which the information fields are organized into tabular formats. Moreover, any required metadata \u2013 special data that tell the system how to deal with a particular data set \u2013 would likely present few development issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EClarkson recently demonstrated the capabilities of the data analysis and visualization tool using an existing database: baseball statistics. This particular demonstration involved the use of 40 different data filters available onscreen; the TMT system allows for 300 or more such filters.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a random query of the 46,000 National League players from the past, an onscreen graph unexpectedly revealed an interesting anomaly during the demonstration. The data indicate that players\u2019 height and weight increased in every past decade except the 1920s and 1930s, when it stayed inexplicably flat.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThat\u2019s the beauty of this kind of tool \u2013 it can find the unknown unknowns,\u201d Clarkson observed. \u201cDetails show up in graphs that aren\u2019t obvious when you\u2019re looking at just the numbers.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe TMT data visualization tool, he explained, bears some similarities to the data filtering features found on some websites. For example, many shopping sites let users search for products by using filters to select desired qualities such as size, color and brand name.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, Clarkson said, TMT\u2019s capabilities are considerably more advanced. Whereas commercial systems stop at the filtering stage, the TMT data analysis tools allow fundamental manipulation of the data. Using filters, investigators can transform the data mathematically, a process that makes unique insights and discoveries possible.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cData analysis and visualization are great for finding many things you want to know,\u201d Clarkson said.\u0026nbsp; \u201cBut another real advantage is that they can detect what you perhaps don\u2019t want to know \u2013 the bugs and the anomalies -- the things that just aren\u2019t right and have to be fixed.\u0022\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 309\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30308\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-894-6015)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA research team at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has developed a software tool that enables users to perform in-depth analysis of modeling and simulation data, then visualize the results on screen. The new data analysis and visualization tool offers improved ease of use compared to similar tools, the researchers say, and could be readily adapted for use with existing data sets in a variety of disciplines.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new software tool allows users to perform in-depth analysis of modeling and simulation data, then visualize the results on screen."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2012-07-25 15:54:12","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:12:36","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2012-07-25T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2012-07-25T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"142641":{"id":"142641","type":"image","title":"Data Visualization","body":null,"created":"1449178723","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:38:43","changed":"1475894774","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:46:14","alt":"Data Visualization","file":{"fid":"194984","name":"110606r021_s.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/110606r021_s_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/110606r021_s_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1164905,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/110606r021_s_0.jpg?itok=XJ32wprR"}},"142651":{"id":"142651","type":"image","title":"Data Visualization2","body":null,"created":"1449178723","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:38:43","changed":"1475894774","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:46:14","alt":"Data Visualization2","file":{"fid":"194985","name":"110606r111_s.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/110606r111_s_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/110606r111_s_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1260664,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/110606r111_s_0.jpg?itok=2VnXB6zL"}}},"media_ids":["142641","142651"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"438","name":"data"},{"id":"38921","name":"data visualization"},{"id":"38931","name":"Ed Clarkson"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"38941","name":"Test Matrix Tool"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39431","name":"Data Engineering and Science"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"134971":{"#nid":"134971","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Startup Secures Department of Defense Funding for Development of Cell Delivery Technology","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECell-based therapies have yet to reach their full potential in repairing damaged tissue because of the hostile environment the cells face once injected into the body. A patient\u2019s inflammatory response normally causes the majority of these therapeutic cells to die or migrate away from the area in need of repair.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo address this problem, a startup company based on technology developed at the Georgia Institute of Technology is creating an efficient, safe and repeatable delivery method that protects cells from death and migration from the treatment site. Using microbead technology developed in the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.spheringenics.com\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ESpherIngenics\u003C\/a\u003E is producing protective capsules for the delivery of cell-based therapies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESupported by a broad range of Georgia Tech initiatives, the company recently received a two-year $730,000 Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant from the U.S. Department of Defense to continue development of the technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen damaged tissue is being repaired by a cell-based therapy, our microbead technology ensures that cells travel to and remain in the targeted area while maintaining continued viability,\u201d said SpherIngenics CEO \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/facultystaff\/faculty_record.php?id=107\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EFranklin Bost\u003C\/a\u003E, who is also a professor in the Coulter Department. \u201cThis technology has the potential to reduce the cost of treatment by eliminating the need for multiple therapeutic procedures.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBost and Coulter Department Professors \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/facultystaff\/faculty_record.php?id=48\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EBarbara Boyan\u003C\/a\u003E and Zvi Schwartz founded the company in 2007. They worked with the Georgia Tech Research Corporation to license five patents from Boyan\u2019s lab for technology originally developed in the Georgia Tech\/Emory Center for the Engineering of Living Tissue (GTEC), which was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Then they secured $450,000, which included a Phase I SBIR grant from the U.S. Department of Defense and grants from the Georgia Research Alliance and the Coulter Foundation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDuring Phase I of the SBIR grant, the researchers confirmed that as many as 250 human adult stem cells could remain viable in culture if they were encapsulated in a 200-micron-diameter bead made of natural algae materials and that they could release factors that enhance tissue regeneration.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cFor the Phase II SBIR grant, we\u2019re going to examine whether delivering microbeads full of stem cells can enhance cartilage repair and regeneration of craniofacial defects in an animal model,\u201d said Boyan, who is the company\u2019s chief scientific officer. Boyan is also the associate dean for research and innovation in the Georgia Tech College of Engineering, the Price Gilbert, Jr. Chair in Tissue Engineering at Georgia Tech, and a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe company will perform this research in its laboratory space located in the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/atdc.org\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAdvanced Technology Development Center\u003C\/a\u003E (ATDC) biosciences incubator.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe company\u2019s ultimate goal is to commercialize the microbead technology for use in hospitals and by cell therapy companies. To help reach this goal, a group of students wrote a business plan for SpherIngenics last year through the Georgia Tech Scheller College of Business Technological Innovation: Generating Economic Results (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/tiger.gatech.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ETI:GER\u003C\/a\u003E) program.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team -- which included Coulter Department doctoral student Christopher Lee, Georgia Tech MBA students Chris Palazzola and Eric Diersen, and Emory University law students Bryan Stewart and Natalie Dana -- won third place in the 2011 Georgia Tech Business Plan Competition. The competition, while largely an education experience, provided students an opportunity to develop their venture ideas and present them to a panel of highly experienced judges in the venture capital, technology transfer and legal fields.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe TI:GER team\u2019s business plan helped us learn about where the market for our technology is right now and where it is going in the future, which is extremely valuable knowledge as we work toward determining the most promising pathway to market,\u201d said Bost.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAdditional members of the company include Anthony Nicolini, the principal investigator on the Phase II SBIR grant, and Joseph Williams, clinical director of craniofacial plastic surgery at Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta at Scottish Rite and clinical assistant professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Emory University.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EResearch reported in this publication was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under award numbers W81XWH-07-1-0219 and W81XWH-11-C-0071. The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigators and does not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. Government.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E Georgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E 75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E Atlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: \u003C\/strong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech startup SpherIngenics is using microbead technology to produce protective capsules for the delivery of cell-based therapies. The technology provides an efficient, safe and repeatable delivery method that protects cells from death and migration from the treatment site.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech cell delivery startup SpherIngenics secures defense funding."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2012-06-13 08:22:53","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:12:22","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2012-06-13T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2012-06-13T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"134951":{"id":"134951","type":"image","title":"SpherIngenics microbeads","body":null,"created":"1449178671","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:37:51","changed":"1475894763","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:46:03","alt":"SpherIngenics microbeads","file":{"fid":"194777","name":"spheringenics_microbeads.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/spheringenics_microbeads_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/spheringenics_microbeads_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":107104,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/spheringenics_microbeads_0.jpg?itok=tyRYDjWI"}}},"media_ids":["134951"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"139","name":"Business"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"9548","name":"Barbara Boyan"},{"id":"35801","name":"Cartilage Repair"},{"id":"35791","name":"cell delivery"},{"id":"9534","name":"cell therapy"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"35821","name":"cranial defect regeneration"},{"id":"11533","name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"id":"8246","name":"Department of Defense"},{"id":"12154","name":"Franklin Bost"},{"id":"35781","name":"Microbead"},{"id":"167833","name":"SBIR"},{"id":"169504","name":"spheringenics"},{"id":"166973","name":"startup"},{"id":"167413","name":"Stem Cell"},{"id":"35771","name":"Zvi Schwartz"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAbby Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E Research News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E 404-385-3364\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"127931":{"#nid":"127931","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Novel Radiation Surveillance Technology Could Help Thwart Nuclear Terrorism","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAmong terrorism scenarios that raise the most concern are attacks involving nuclear devices or materials. For that reason, technology that can effectively detect smuggled radioactive materials is considered vital to U.S. security.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo support the nation\u2019s nuclear-surveillance capabilities, researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing ways to enhance the radiation-detection devices used at ports, border crossings, airports and elsewhere. The aim is to create technologies that will increase the effectiveness and reliability of detectors in the field, while also reducing cost. The work is co-sponsored by the Domestic Nuclear Defense Office of the Department of Homeland Security and by the National Science Foundation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cU.S. security personnel have to be on guard against two types of nuclear attack \u2013 true nuclear bombs, and devices that seek to harm people by dispersing radioactive material,\u201d said Bernd Kahn, a researcher who is principal investigator on the project. \u201cBoth of these threats can be successfully detected by the right technology.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team, led by co-principal investigator Brent Wagner, is utilizing novel materials and nanotechnology techniques to produce improved radiation detection. The researchers have developed the Nano-photonic Composite Scintillation Detector, a prototype that combines rare-earth elements and other materials at the nanoscale for improved sensitivity, accuracy and robustness.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDetails of the research were presented April 23, 2012 at the SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing Conference held in Baltimore, MD.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EScintillation detectors and solid-state detectors are two common types of radiation detectors, Wagner explained. A scintillation detector commonly employs a single crystal of sodium iodide or a similar material, while a solid-state detector is based on semiconducting materials such as germanium.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBoth technologies are able to detect gamma rays and subatomic particles emitted by nuclear material. When gamma rays or particles strike a scintillation detector, they create light flashes that are converted to electrical pulses to help identify the radiation at hand. In a solid-state detector, incoming gamma rays or particles register directly as electrical pulses.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cEach reaction to a gamma ray takes a very short time \u2013 a fraction of a microsecond,\u201d Wagner said. \u201cBy looking at the number and the intensity of the pulses, along with other factors, we can make informed judgments about the type of radioactive material we\u0027re dealing with.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut both approaches have drawbacks. A scintillation detector requires a large crystal grown from sodium iodide or other materials. Such crystals are typically fragile, cumbersome, difficult to produce and extremely vulnerable to humidity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA germanium-based solid-state detector offers better identification of different kinds of nuclear materials. But high-purity single-crystal germanium is difficult to make in a large volume; the result is less-sensitive devices with reduced ability to detect radiation at a distance. Moreover, germanium must be kept extremely cold \u2013 200 degrees below zero Celsius -- to function properly, which poses problems for use in the field.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Nanoscale Advantage\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo address these problems, the GTRI team has been investigating a wide variety of alternative materials and methodologies. After selecting the scintillation approach over solid-state, the researchers developed a composite material -- composed of nanoparticles of rare-earth elements, halides and oxides -- capable of creating light.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA nanopowder can be much easier to make, because you don\u2019t have to worry about producing a single large crystal that has zero imperfections,\u201d Wagner said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA scintillator crystal must be transparent to light, he explained, a quality that\u2019s key to its ability to detect radiation. A perfect crystal uniformly converts incoming energy from gamma rays to flashes of light. A photo-multiplier then amplifies these flashes of light so they can be accurately measured to provide information about radioactivity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, when a transparent material \u2013 such as crystal or glass -- is ground into smaller pieces, its transparency disappears. As a result, a mixture of particles in a transparent glass would scatter the luminescence created by incoming gamma rays. That scattered light can\u2019t reach the photo-multiplier in a uniform manner, and the resulting readings are badly skewed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo overcome this issue, the GTRI team reduced the particles to the nanoscale. When a nanopowder reaches particle sizes of 20 nanometers or less, scattering effects fade because the particles are now significantly smaller than the wavelength of incoming gamma rays.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThink of it as a big ocean wave coming in,\u201d Wagner said. \u201cThat wave would definitely interact with a large boat, but something the size of a beach ball doesn\u2019t affect it.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERare Earths and Silica\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt first the team worked on dispersing radiation-sensitive crystalline nanoparticles in a plastic matrix. But they encountered problems with distributing the nanopowder uniformly enough in the matrix to achieve sufficiently accurate radiation readings. \u003Cbr \/\u003EMore recently, the researchers have investigated a parallel path using glass rather than plastic as a matrix material, combining gadolinium and cerium bromide with silica and alumina.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKahn explained that gadolinium or a similar material is essential to scintillation-type particle detection because of its role as an absorber. But in this case, when an incoming gamma ray is absorbed in gadolinium, the energy is not efficiently emitted in the form of luminescence.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInstead, the light emission role here falls to a second component \u2013 cerium. The gadolinium absorbs energy from an incoming gamma ray and transfers that energy to the cerium atom, which then acts as an efficient light emitter.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers found that by heating gadolinium, cerium, silica and alumina and then cooling them from a molten mix to a solid monolith, they could successfully distribute the gadolinium and cerium in silica-based glasses. As the material cools, gadolinium and cerium precipitate out of the aluminosilicate solution and are distributed throughout the glass in a uniform manner. The resulting composite gives dependable readings when exposed to incoming gamma rays.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u0027re optimistic that we\u0027ve identified a productive methodology for creating a material that could be effective in the field,\u201d Wagner said. \u201cWe\u2019re continuing to work on issues involving purity, uniformity and scaling, with the aim of producing a material that can be successfully tested and deployed.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award Number 2008-DN-077-ARI001-02. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-894-6015)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Prototype uses uses rare-earth elements and other materials at the nanoscale"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers have developed a prototype radiation-detection system that uses rare-earth elements and other materials at the nanoscale. The system could be used to enhance radiation-detection devices used at ports, border crossings, airports and elsewhere.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have developed a prototype radiation-detection system that uses rare-earth elements and other materials at the nanoscale."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2012-05-02 15:01:22","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:12:09","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2012-05-02T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2012-05-02T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"127891":{"id":"127891","type":"image","title":"Radiation Detection Research","body":null,"created":"1449178622","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:37:02","changed":"1475894751","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:45:51","alt":"Radiation Detection Research","file":{"fid":"194554","name":"radiation-detector10.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/radiation-detector10_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/radiation-detector10_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1335425,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/radiation-detector10_0.jpg?itok=74XBAq_E"}},"127901":{"id":"127901","type":"image","title":"Radiation Detection Research2","body":null,"created":"1449178622","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:37:02","changed":"1475894751","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:45:51","alt":"Radiation Detection Research2","file":{"fid":"194555","name":"radiation-detector91.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/radiation-detector91_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/radiation-detector91_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1315080,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/radiation-detector91_0.jpg?itok=BlQnPT3y"}},"127911":{"id":"127911","type":"image","title":"Radiation Detection Research3","body":null,"created":"1449178622","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:37:02","changed":"1475894751","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:45:51","alt":"Radiation Detection Research3","file":{"fid":"194556","name":"radiation-detector114.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/radiation-detector114_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/radiation-detector114_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1519288,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/radiation-detector114_1.jpg?itok=YXyHOaOL"}}},"media_ids":["127891","127901","127911"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"}],"keywords":[{"id":"415","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"id":"945","name":"homeland security"},{"id":"544","name":"Nuclear"},{"id":"32481","name":"nuclear device"},{"id":"7617","name":"radiation"},{"id":"32451","name":"radiation detection"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"117741":{"#nid":"117741","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Develop Blueprint for Nuclear Clock Accurate Over Billions of Years","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA clock accurate to within a tenth of a second over 14 billion years -- the age of the universe -- is the goal of research being reported this week by scientists from three different institutions. To be published in the journal \u003Cem\u003EPhysical Review Letters\u003C\/em\u003E, the research provides the blueprint for a nuclear clock that would get its extreme accuracy from the nucleus of a single thorium ion.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESuch a clock could be useful for certain forms of secure communication -- and perhaps of greater interest -- for studying the fundamental theories of physics. A nuclear clock could be as much as one hundred times more accurate than current atomic clocks, which now serve as the basis for the global positioning system (GPS) and a broad range of important measurements.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022If you give people a better clock, they will use it,\u0022 said Alex Kuzmich, a professor in the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESchool of Physics\u003C\/a\u003E at the Georgia Institute of Technology and one of the paper\u0027s co-authors. \u0022For most applications, the atomic clocks we have are precise enough. But there are other applications where having a better clock would provide a real advantage.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to the Georgia Tech physicists, researchers in the School of Physics at the University of New South Wales in Australia and at the Department of Physics at the University of Nevada also contributed to the study. The research has been supported by the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation and the Gordon Godfrey fellowship.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEarly clocks used a swinging pendulum to provide the oscillations needed to track time. In modern clocks, quartz crystals provide high-frequency oscillations that act like a tuning fork, replacing the old-fashioned pendulum. Atomic clocks derive their accuracy from laser-induced oscillations of electrons in atoms. However, these electrons can be affected by magnetic and electrical fields, allowing atomic clocks to drift ever so slightly -- about four seconds in the lifetime of the universe.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBecause neutrons are much heavier than electrons and densely packed into the atomic nucleus, they are less susceptible to these perturbations than the electrons. A nuclear clock should therefore be less affected by environmental factors than its atomic cousin.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022In our paper, we show that by using lasers to orient the electrons in a very specific way, we can use the neutron of an atomic nucleus as the clock pendulum,\u0022 said Corey Campbell, a research scientist in the Kuzmich laboratory and the paper\u0027s first author. \u0022Because the neutron is held so tightly to the nucleus, its oscillation rate is almost completely unaffected by any external perturbations.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo create the oscillations, the researchers plan to use a laser operating at petahertz frequencies -- 10 (15)\u0026nbsp;oscillations per second -- to boost the nucleus of a thorium 229 ion into a higher energy state. Tuning a laser to create these higher energy states would allow scientists to set its frequency very precisely, and that frequency would be used to keep time instead of the tick of a clock or the swing of a pendulum.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe nuclear clock ion will need to be maintained at a very low temperature -- tens of microkelvins -- to keep it still. To produce and maintain such temperatures, physicists normally use laser cooling. But for this system, that would pose a problem because laser light is also used to create the timekeeping oscillations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo solve that problem, the researchers include a single thorium 232 ion with the thorium 229 ion that will be used for timekeeping. The heavier ion is affected by a different wavelength than the thorium 229. The researchers can then cool the heavier ion, which lowers the temperature of the clock ion without affecting the oscillations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The cooling ion acts as a refrigerator, keeping the clock ion very still,\u0022 said Alexander Radnaev, a graduate research assistant in the Kuzmich lab. \u0022This is necessary to interrogate the clock ion for very long and to make a very accurate clock that will provide the next level of performance.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECalculations suggest that a nuclear clock could be accurate to 10 (-19), compared to 10 (-17) for the best atomic clock.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBecause they operate in slightly different ways, atomic clocks and nuclear clocks could one day be used together to examine differences in physical constants. \u0022Some laws of physics may not be constant in time,\u0022 Kuzmich said. \u0022Developing better clocks is a good way to study this.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThough the research team believes it has now demonstrated the potential to make a nuclear clock -- which was first proposed in 2003 -- it will still be a while before they can produce a working one.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe major challenge ahead is that the exact frequency of laser emissions needed to excite the thorium nucleus hasn\u0027t yet been determined, despite the efforts of many different research groups.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022People have been looking for this for 30 years,\u0022 Campbell said. \u0022It\u0027s worse than looking for a needle in a haystack. It\u0027s more like looking for a needle in a million haystacks.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut Kuzmich believes that problem will be solved, allowing physicists to move to the next generation of phenomenally accurate timekeepers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our research shows that building a nuclear clock in this way is both worthwhile and feasible,\u0022 he said. \u0022We now have the tools and plans needed to move forward in realizing this system.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia \u0026nbsp;30308 \u0026nbsp;USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Precision of Nuclear Clock Depends on Single Atom of Thorium"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA clock accurate to within a tenth of a second over 14 billion years \u2013 the age of the universe \u2013 is the goal of research being reported this week in the journal \u003Cem\u003EPhysical Review Letters. \u003C\/em\u003EThe research provides the blueprint for a nuclear clock based on a single thorium ion.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have developed plans for an ultra-precise nuclear clock accurate over billions of years."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2012-03-19 13:19:42","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:11:52","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2012-03-19T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2012-03-19T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"117691":{"id":"117691","type":"image","title":"Nuclear Clock - Overlapping Lasers","body":null,"created":"1449178256","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:30:56","changed":"1475894471","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:41:11","alt":"Nuclear Clock - Overlapping Lasers","file":{"fid":"194267","name":"nuclear-clock29.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nuclear-clock29_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nuclear-clock29_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1820202,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/nuclear-clock29_0.jpg?itok=F4Ghh9cw"}},"117721":{"id":"117721","type":"image","title":"Nuclear Clock - Ion Trap","body":null,"created":"1449178256","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:30:56","changed":"1475894736","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:45:36","alt":"Nuclear Clock - Ion Trap","file":{"fid":"194270","name":"ion_trap.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion_trap_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ion_trap_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":816189,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ion_trap_0.jpg?itok=jCAiL5W0"}},"117731":{"id":"117731","type":"image","title":"Nuclear Clock - Containing Thorium Atoms","body":null,"created":"1449178256","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:30:56","changed":"1475894736","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:45:36","alt":"Nuclear Clock - Containing Thorium Atoms","file":{"fid":"194271","name":"dsc04717.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/dsc04717_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/dsc04717_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1257641,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/dsc04717_0.jpg?itok=rA55qWnj"}}},"media_ids":["117691","117721","117731"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"24201","name":"Alex Kuzmich"},{"id":"27451","name":"atomic clock"},{"id":"27431","name":"nuclear clock"},{"id":"960","name":"physics"},{"id":"166937","name":"School of Physics"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"109721":{"#nid":"109721","#data":{"type":"news","title":"$8.5 Million Research Initiative Will Study Best Approaches for Quantum Memories","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) has awarded $8.5 million to a consortium of seven U.S. universities that will work together to determine the best approach for generating quantum memories based on interaction between light and matter. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team will consider three different approaches for creating entangled quantum memories that could facilitate the long-distance transmission of secure information. The five-year Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) will be led by the Georgia Institute of Technology and include scientists from Columbia University, Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Michigan, Stanford University and the University of Wisconsin.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe want to develop a set of novel and powerful approaches to quantum networking,\u201d said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/user\/alex-kuzmich\u0022\u003EAlex Kuzmich\u003C\/a\u003E, a professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Physics\u003C\/a\u003E and the MURI\u2019s principal investigator.\u0026nbsp; \u201cThe three basic capabilities will be (1) storing quantum information for longer periods of time, on the order of seconds, (2) converting the information to light, and (3) transmitting the information over long distances. We aim to create large-scale systems that use entanglement for quantum communication and potentially also quantum computing.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe MURI scientists will study three different physical platforms for designing the matter-light interaction used to generate the entangled photons.\u0026nbsp; These include neutral atom memories with electronically-excited Rydberg-level interactions, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centers in diamonds, and charged quantum dots.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA large body of work has been initiated in this area over the past 15 years by our team members and their research groups,\u201d Kuzmich noted. \u201cThe physical approaches are different, but the goals are closely related, so there are significant opportunities for synergistic activities. Through this MURI, we will be able to interact more closely, communicate more quickly and provide new opportunities for our students and postdoctoral fellows.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOverall, the MURI has four major goals:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003ETo implement efficient light-matter interfaces using three different approaches to entanglement;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ETo realize entanglement lifetimes of more than one second in both the nitrogen-vacancy centers and atomic quantum memories;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ETo implement two-qubit quantum states within memory nodes;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ETo integrate different components and physical implementations into small units capable of significant quantum processing tasks.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EQuantum memories generated from the interaction of neutral atoms and light now have maximum lifetimes of approximately 200 milliseconds.\u0026nbsp; But improvements beyond memory lifetime will be needed before practical systems can be created.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe aim to be able to combine systems, so that instead of just one memory entangled with one photon, perhaps we could have four of them,\u201d Kuzmich added.\u0026nbsp; \u201cThis may look like a straightforward thing to do, but this is not easy in the laboratory.\u0026nbsp; The improvements must be made at every level, so the difficulty is significant.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmong the challenges ahead are maintaining separation between the different memory systems, and minimizing loss of light as signals propagate through the optical fiber systems that would be used to transmit entangled photons. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cLight is easily lost, and there\u2019s not much that can be done about that from a fundamental physics standpoint,\u201d said Kuzmich.\u0026nbsp; \u201cThe rates of these protocols go down rapidly as you try to scale up the systems.\u201d \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKuzmich and his Georgia Tech research team have been developing quantum memory based on the interaction of light with neutral atoms such as rubidium.\u0026nbsp; They have made substantial progress over the past decade, but he says it\u2019s not clear which approach will ultimately be used to create large-scale quantum communication system.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe most immediate applications for the quantum memory are in secure communications, in which the entanglement of photons with matter would provide a new form of encryption.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe immediate focus is on communication, including memories and distributed systems, which is important for sharing and transmitting information,\u201d Kuzmich explained.\u0026nbsp; \u201cIt also has implications for quantum computation because similar techniques are often used.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to Kuzmich, collaborators in the MURI include:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003ELuming Duan, professor of physics in the School of Physics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EDirk Englund, assistant professor of electrical engineering and applied physics in the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University, New York, New York.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMarko Lonkar, associate professor of electrical engineering in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EBrian Kennedy, professor of physics in the School of Physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMikhail Lukin, professor of physics in the Department of Physics at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMark Saffman, professor of physics in the Department of Physics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EJelena Vuckovic, associate professor of electrical engineering in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, Stanford, California.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EVladan Vuletic, the Lester Wolfe Professor of Physics in the School of Physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThad Walker, professor of physics in the Department of Physics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIf we are successful with this over the next five years, long-distance quantum communications may become promising for real-world implementation,\u201d Kuzmich added.\u0026nbsp; \u201cIntegrating these advances with existing infrastructure \u2013 optical fiber that\u2019s in the ground \u2013 will continue to be an important engineering challenge.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis material is based upon work conducted under contract FA9550-12-1-0025.\u0026nbsp; Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the researchers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30308\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research Supports Multiple Universities"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) has awarded $8.5 million to a consortium of seven U.S. universities that will work together to determine the best approach for generating quantum memories based on interaction between light and matter. \u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"An $8.5 million contract will support evaluation of multiple approaches for producing quantum memory."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2012-02-15 16:52:16","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:11:44","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2012-02-15T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2012-02-15T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"109701":{"id":"109701","type":"image","title":"Quantum Memory Research Equipment","body":null,"created":"1449178201","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:30:01","changed":"1475894728","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:45:28","alt":"Quantum Memory Research Equipment","file":{"fid":"194056","name":"quantum-information134.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/quantum-information134_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/quantum-information134_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1449159,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/quantum-information134_0.jpg?itok=YKrhKmp9"}}},"media_ids":["109701"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"24201","name":"Alex Kuzmich"},{"id":"3135","name":"entanglement"},{"id":"1744","name":"quantum"},{"id":"24191","name":"quantum memory"},{"id":"166937","name":"School of Physics"},{"id":"171187","name":"secure communication"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"78731":{"#nid":"78731","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) Receives $1.5 Million to Create Online Collaborative Vehicle Design Capability","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E (GTRI) has received a $1.5 million contract to produce an online environment that would let multiple design teams work together to develop new military vehicles. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe VehicleForge project\u2019s goal is to create a secure central website and other web-based tools and methods that would facilitate such collaborative development. The work is sponsored by the Tactical Technology Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe aim here is to fundamentally change the way in which complex systems are taken from concept to reality,\u201d said Jack Zentner, a senior research engineer who is leading the project for GTRI, along with research scientist Nick Bollweg. \u201cBy enabling many designers in varied locations to work together in a distributed manner, we\u2019re confident that vehicles \u2013 and eventually other systems \u2013 can be developed with greater speed and better results.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe core website, to be called vehicleforge.mil, would enable individuals and teams to share data, models, tools and ideas to speed and improve the design process. As part of supporting designer collaboration, the VehicleForge approach would allow participants to reuse the models, tools and other elements present on the site. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETwo companies, Red Hat Inc. and RadiantBlue Technologies Inc., are collaborating with GTRI on VehicleForge. They will help GTRI address several issues, including the development of intellectual property information and governance models for designers using the vehicleforge.mil site. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe VehicleForge effort will draw on technology already being used at GTRI to develop open source software online. GTRI is involved in open-source software development through the five-year Homeland Open Security Technology (HOST) program, which is sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EVehicleForge would expand cooperation among diverse groups that traditionally have not been able to collaborate easily. Vehicle designers from large corporations with significant tool investments will be able to share ideas with small innovative teams that possess diverse skill sets, experience levels and tools. Student teams could also participate at all levels, which would inject youthful creativity into the process and support the education of future professionals.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo enable collaboration on a large scale, VehicleForge is utilizing several key components to help create a secure collaborative environment.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EA distributed version control system (DVCS) will provide a master repository that records changes to the design of vehicle systems and their components, simplifying the interoperation of design models built with different languages and supporting the merging of work products from one design project to another.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ESemantic design will use a single, flexible data-structure language to facilitate data sharing and component reuse among both humans and machines. Each component of a vehicle will be represented as a DVCS-managed Web Ontological Language (OWL) file containing component attributes in a machine-readable form. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EA wiki-based front end will use open-source wiki software to produce a website interface that enables collaboration among multiple users. Features include word processor-like editors, access control, forum-style discussions, and change and version control on pages and file attachments.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMashup apps \u2013 VehicleForge users could continue to utilize the Internet\u2019s many useful offerings, such as Flickr, YouTube, blogs and online spreadsheets. The VehicleForge developers envision a family of mashup applications that will combine data from different sources, helping designers exploit the Internet\u2019s capabilities while maintaining compatibility with VehicleForge.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe framework that is being built into VehicleForge will provide designers with tremendous flexibility, yet security and version control can still be tightly managed,\u201d Zentner said. \u201cThe process will be very open \u2013 many different designers will qualify to access the website \u2013 but the distributed version-control system will require that any change to an existing element be thoroughly examined and tested before it\u2019s incorporated into the overall design.\u201d \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EVehicleForge is part of the Adaptive Vehicle Make (AVM) program, a $10 million, four-year DARPA program announced in the first half of 2011. AVM\u2019s goal is to foster novel approaches to the design, verification and manufacturing of complex defense systems and vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI VehicleForge team will include seven scientists and engineers, Zentner said. The current contract, which covers one year of development, could be extended for additional years. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EZentner expects that VehicleForge will contribute significantly to the expanding open-hardware movement. A team from GTRI, RadiantBlue and Red Hat has met to discuss this goal with representatives from CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, which has an open-hardware initiative underway. The team is also meeting with Facebook, which is pursuing a project called Open Compute.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe talks have focused on how VehicleForge could serve as a major open-hardware design repository, much as websites such as github.com and sourceforge.net do for open-source software development.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOpen-source software development techniques will also be critical to the VehicleForge environment.\u0026nbsp; Open-source programs make their computer code available to communities of qualified programmers, speeding development, increasing security and flexibility, and potentially lowering costs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cSome open-source websites already allow developers to work together on software, and the technologies used by those sites can be very valuable to VehicleForge,\u201d said Joshua Davis, a research scientist who is principal investigator for the HOST program at GTRI. \u201cBut the challenges of online collaboration for physical systems like vehicles are greater than for software collaboration, because designers of physical systems typically use a wide variety of modeling languages and data formats.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETwo other research groups \u2013 one at General Electric and one at Vanderbilt University \u2013 have also received DARPA contracts to produce alternative versions of the VehicleForge concept. The three VehicleForge teams expect to meet periodically to discuss their work. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cBy the end of the first year, we expect to have a fully functional version of vehicleforge.mil up and running and open to a limited number of users,\u201d Zentner said. \u201cAnd we hope it won\u2019t be long after that when many different designers and teams will be working together on the site.\u201d \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) through contact HR0011-C-0099. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DARPA.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30308\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has received a $1.5 million contract to produce an online environment that would let multiple design teams work together to develop new military vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Future military vehicles could be designed in a collaborative online environment being created by Georgia Tech."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2012-01-17 12:39:04","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:10:57","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2012-01-17T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2012-01-17T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"78681":{"id":"78681","type":"image","title":"VehicleForge117","body":null,"created":"1449178063","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:27:43","changed":"1475894691","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:51","alt":"VehicleForge117","file":{"fid":"193875","name":"vehicle-forge117.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/vehicle-forge117_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/vehicle-forge117_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1522104,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/vehicle-forge117_0.jpg?itok=j7AqEEJo"}},"78691":{"id":"78691","type":"image","title":"VehicleForge135","body":null,"created":"1449178063","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:27:43","changed":"1475894691","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:51","alt":"VehicleForge135","file":{"fid":"193876","name":"vehicle-forge135.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/vehicle-forge135_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/vehicle-forge135_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1625351,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/vehicle-forge135_0.jpg?itok=a3cvJveT"}}},"media_ids":["78681","78691"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"}],"keywords":[{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"17441","name":"Jack Zentner"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"17491","name":"military vehicle"},{"id":"17421","name":"vehicle design"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E, Research News \u0026amp; Publications Office (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"72022":{"#nid":"72022","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Paper-based Wireless Sensor Could Help Detect Explosive Devices","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a prototype wireless sensor capable of detecting trace amounts of a key ingredient found in many explosives. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe device, which employs carbon nanotubes and is printed on paper or paper-like material using standard inkjet technology, could be deployed in large numbers to alert authorities to the presence of explosives, such as improvised explosive devices (IEDs). \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This prototype represents a significant step toward producing an integrated wireless system for explosives detection,\u0022 said Krishna Naishadham, a principal research scientist who is leading the work at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). \u0022It incorporates a sensor and a communications device in a small, low-cost package that could operate almost anywhere.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther types of hazardous gas sensors are based on expensive semiconductor fabrication and gas chromatography, Naishadham said, and they consume more power, require human intervention, and typically do not operate at ambient temperatures. Furthermore, those sensors have not been integrated with communication devices such as antennas.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe wireless component for communicating the sensor information -- a resonant lightweight antenna -- was printed on photographic paper using inkjet techniques devised by Professor Manos Tentzeris of Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.  Tentzeris is collaborating with Naishadham on development of the sensing device.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe sensing component, based on functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has been fabricated and tested for detection sensitivity by Xiaojuan (Judy) Song, a GTRI research scientist. The device relies on carbon-nanotube materials optimized by Song.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA presentation on this sensing technology was given in July at the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium (IEEE APS) in Spokane, Wash., by Hoseon Lee, a Ph.D. student in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering co-advised by Tentzeris and Naishadham.  The paper received the Honorable Mention Award in the Best Student Paper competition at the symposium. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis is not the first inkjet-printed ammonia sensor that has been integrated with an antenna on paper, said Tentzeris.  His group produced a similar integrated sensor last year in collaboration with the research group of C.P. Wong, who is Regents professor and Smithgall Institute Endowed Chair in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Georgia Tech.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The fundamental difference is that this newest CNT sensor possesses dramatically improved sensitivity to miniscule ammonia concentrations,\u0022 Tentzeris said. \u0022That should enable the first practical applications to detect trace amounts of hazardous gases in challenging operational environments using inkjet-printed devices.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETentzeris explained that the key to printing components, circuits and antennas lies in novel \u0022inks\u0022 that contain silver nanoparticles in an emulsion that can be deposited by the printer at low temperatures -- around 100 degrees Celsius.  A process called sonication helps to achieve optimal ink viscosity and homogeneity, enabling uniform material deposition and permitting maximum operating effectiveness for paper-based components. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Ink-jet printing is low-cost and convenient compared to other technologies such as wet etching,\u0022 Tentzeris said. \u0022Using the proper inks, a printer can be used almost anywhere to produce custom circuits and components, replacing traditional clean-room approaches.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELow-cost materials -- such as heavy photographic paper or plastics like polyethylene terephthalate -- can be made water resistant to ensure greater reliability, he added. Inkjet component printing can also use flexible organic materials, such as liquid crystal polymer (LCP), which are known for their robustness and weather resistance.  The resulting components are similar in size to conventional components but can conform and adhere to almost any surface.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENaishadham explained that the same inkjet techniques used to produce RF components, circuits and antennas can also be used to deposit the functionalized carbon nanotubes used for sensing.  These nanoscale cylindrical structures -- about one-billionth of a meter in diameter, or 1\/50,000th the width of a human hair -- are functionalized by coating them with a conductive polymer that attracts ammonia, a major ingredient found in many IEDs. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESonication of the functionalized carbon nanotubes produces a uniform water-based ink that can be printed side-by-side with RF components and antennas to produce a compact wireless sensor node.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The optimized carbon nanotubes are applied as a sensing film, with specific functionalization designed for a particular gas or analyte,\u0022 Song said. \u0022The GTRI sensor detects trace amounts of ammonia usually found near explosive devices, and it can also be designed to detect similar gases in household, healthcare and industrial environments at very low concentration levels.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe sensor has been designed to detect ammonia in trace amounts -- as low as five parts per million, Naishadham said.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe resulting integrated sensing package can potentially detect the presence of trace explosive materials at a distance, without endangering human lives. This approach, called standoff detection, involves the use of RF technology to identify explosive materials at a relatively safe distance. The GTRI team has designed the device to send an alert to nearby personnel when it detects ammonia.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe wireless sensor nodes require relatively low power, which could come from a number of technologies including thin-film batteries, solar cells or power-scavenging and energy-harvesting techniques.  In collaboration with Tentzeris\u0027s and Wong\u0027s groups, GTRI is investigating ways to make the sensor operate passively, without any power consumption.    \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We are focusing on providing standoff detection for those engaged in military or humanitarian missions and other hazardous situations,\u0022 Naishadham said.  \u0022We believe that it will be possible, and cost-effective, to deploy large numbers of these detectors on vehicles or robots throughout a military engagement zone.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers have developed a prototype wireless sensor capable of detecting trace amounts of a key ingredient found in many explosives. The low-cost sensors include carbon nanotubes and can be printed on paper.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Inexpensive paper-based sensors can detect explosive compounds."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-10-26 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:10:34","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-10-26T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-10-26T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"72023":{"id":"72023","type":"image","title":"Ammonia sensor","body":null,"created":"1449177425","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:05","changed":"1475894649","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:09"},"72024":{"id":"72024","type":"image","title":"Ammonia sensors","body":null,"created":"1449177425","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:05","changed":"1475894649","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:09"},"72025":{"id":"72025","type":"image","title":"Producing ammonia sensors","body":null,"created":"1449177425","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:05","changed":"1475894649","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:09"}},"media_ids":["72023","72024","72025"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"14900","name":"ammonia"},{"id":"3094","name":"explosive"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"14901","name":"Krishna Naishadham"},{"id":"413","name":"Manos Tentzeris"},{"id":"3173","name":"nanotube"},{"id":"167318","name":"sensor"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"69813":{"#nid":"69813","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Air Force Grant Funds Fundamental Study of Plasma-Wall Interactions","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of Alabama have received a $2.5 million grant from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) to conduct fundamental research into the ways in which plasmas interact with the walls of the structures containing them.  The research will also examine potential improvements to materials used for the walls.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe five-year research program could lead to improvements in a broad range of areas, including higher performance satellite thrusters, improved tubes for Department of Defense radar and communications systems, more efficient high-intensity lamps, and new plasma deposition and spray-coating processes. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers will utilize new analysis techniques, including a terahertz-frequency laser for non-intrusively studying the plasma sheath, which is the portion of the plasmas that interacts with the wall.  The researchers will use atomic probe technology to study how the plasmas -- a state of matter that contains ionized particles -- interact with and are affected by the walls.  Modeling and simulation techniques will also help predict how plasmas may interact with improved wall materials.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022In these systems, the plasma is dumping energy into the wall, and the wall may be giving back some particles or energy that affect the plasma,\u0022 explained Mitchell Walker, associate professor in the Georgia Tech School of Aerospace Engineering. \u0022There is a dance between the plasma and the wall that needs to be understood so we can improve the materials across a range of applications.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlasmas are created when electrons are added to or removed from atoms, giving them a charge.  The interaction between the resulting ionized gas and wall can be complex, involving the transfer of mass, charge and energy from the plasma to the wall -- and sometimes from the wall back to the plasma.  This energetic interaction may damage the wall, eroding the surfaces and leading to device failure.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExisting plasma wall materials have been developed largely by trial-and-error. Developing a fundamental understanding of the plasma-wall interaction will give researchers the information they need to develop better wall materials.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We need to get at the fundamental issues, then use that knowledge to make the materials better,\u0022 said Jud Ready, a principal research engineer in the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI).  \u0022Before we can produce better materials to make better applications, we need to understand the environment in which the materials have to operate.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA major part of the research will involve the use of a terahertz-frequency laser to study the sheath, a narrow portion of the plasma where the wall interaction takes place.  Within that small region, usually just a fraction of millimeter or so wide, plasma particles collide with the wall, transfer electrical charge, and apply energy.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The sheath has a strong electric field which is either pulling or pushing electrons from it,\u0022 explained Walker, who is director of Georgia Tech\u0027s High-Power Electric Propulsion Laboratory. \u0022By adjusting what the wall material contains, we can change the sheath and watch how the plasma adjusts to the wall.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETraditional probe techniques used for studying such phenomena alter the sheath activity when they penetrate it, so the researchers must develop a technique that does not physically enter the plasma sheath.  Their solution will use a very fast terahertz laser that won\u0027t affect the plasma as it measures the sheath.  To give the laser a larger target for study, Walker will produce plasma sheaths as much as a centimeter wide.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This will allow us to make measurements that nobody has ever done before,\u0022 he explained.  \u0022Using the data we obtain, we will be able to look at all of the analytical models that people have generated and compare them to real experimental data.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EImproving the wall materials will also depend on detailed knowledge of how the plasma affects them.  For that information, the researchers will use unique tools available at the University of Alabama that are able to identify individual plasma atoms that may be embedded in the walls.  Researchers will also use modeling and simulation techniques to predict, based on the experimental data, how a broad range of materials would interact with the plasmas.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022A plasma places a material under extreme environmental conditions, including high temperature erosion, exposure to ion implantation and field emission from the surface,\u0022 said Gregory Thompson, associate professor in the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at the University of Alabama, in Tuscaloosa, Ala. \u0022These conditions will affect the structural integrity of materials, but an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control the response of the materials\u0027 structure is lacking.  Working with Georgia Tech, we will systematically characterize how plasmas interact and contribute to the underlying phase and mechanical stability characteristics in the materials.\u0022  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFinally, Ready and GTRI colleagues will apply their experience with thin film deposition and phosphors to create an additional analytical tool.  By embedding certain phosphors in the walls, the research team will be able to tell how much energy is being transferred -- and where that is occurring.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The more robust the material, the better it will be for military or commercial applications,\u0022 Ready noted.  \u0022We expect that there will be dramatically improved performance.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis material is based upon work conducted under contract FA9550-11-1-0160.  Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the researchers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Assistance\u003C\/strong\u003E: Georgia Tech: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E); Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E); University of Alabama: Mary Wymer (205-348-6444)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:mwymer@eng.ua.edu\u0022\u003Emwymer@eng.ua.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech and University of Alabama researchers have received a $2.5 million grant from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research to conduct fundamental research into plasma interactions with the walls of the structures containing them.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new study will improve understanding of plasma-wall interactions."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-09-05 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:10:05","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-09-05T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-09-05T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"69814":{"id":"69814","type":"image","title":"Examining plasma applications","body":null,"created":"1449177264","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:14:24","changed":"1475894611","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:31"},"69815":{"id":"69815","type":"image","title":"Examining plasma applications","body":null,"created":"1449177264","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:14:24","changed":"1475894611","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:31"},"69816":{"id":"69816","type":"image","title":"Examining plasma applications","body":null,"created":"1449177264","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:14:24","changed":"1475894611","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:31"}},"media_ids":["69814","69815","69816"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ae.gatech.edu\/","title":"Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ua.edu\/","title":"University of Alabama"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7019","name":"ion"},{"id":"14209","name":"Jud Ready"},{"id":"2474","name":"Mitchell Walker"},{"id":"14207","name":"plasma"},{"id":"14208","name":"thrusters"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66196":{"#nid":"66196","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Team Robot: Autonomous Vehicles Collaborate to Explore, Map Buildings","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThere isn\u0027t a radio-control handset in sight as several small robots roll briskly up the hallways of an office building.  Working by themselves and communicating only with one another, the vehicles divide up a variety of exploration tasks -- and within minutes have transmitted a detailed floor map to humans nearby. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis isn\u0027t a future-tech scenario.  This advanced autonomous capability has been developed by a team from the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of Pennsylvania and the California Institute of Technology\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).  A paper describing this capability and its present level of performance was presented in April at the SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing Conference in Orlando, Fla. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022When first responders -- whether it\u0027s a firefighter in downtown Atlanta or a soldier overseas -- confront an unfamiliar structure, it\u0027s very stressful and potentially dangerous because they have limited knowledge of what they\u0027re dealing with,\u0022 said Henrik Christensen, a team member who is a professor in the Georgia Tech College of Computing and director of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Center there.  \u0022If those first responders could send in robots that would quickly search the structure and send back a map, they\u0027d have a much better sense of what to expect and they\u0027d feel more confident.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ability to map and explore simultaneously represents a milestone in the Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (MAST) Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, a major research initiative sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. The five-year program is led by BAE Systems and includes numerous principal and general members comprised largely of universities.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMAST\u0027s ultimate objective is to develop technologies that will enable palm-sized autonomous robots to help humans deal with civilian and military challenges in confined spaces.  The program vision is for collaborative teams of tiny devices that could roll, hop, crawl or fly just about anywhere, carrying sensors that detect and send back information critical to human operators.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe wheeled platforms used in this experiment measure about one foot square. But MAST researchers are working toward platforms small enough to be held in the palm of one hand. Fully autonomous and collaborative, these tiny robots could swarm by the scores into hazardous situations.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe MAST program involves four principal research teams: integration, microelectronics, microsystems mechanics, and processing for autonomous operation. Georgia Tech researchers are participating in every area except microelectronics. In addition to the College of Computing, researchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), the School of Aerospace Engineering and the School of Physics are involved in MAST work. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe experiment -- developed by the Georgia Tech MAST processing team -- combines navigation technology developed by Georgia Tech with vision-based techniques from JPL and network technology from the University of Pennsylvania.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to Christensen, members of the Georgia Tech processing team involved in the demonstration include Professor Frank Dellaert of the College of Computing and graduate students Alex Cunningham, Manohar Paluri and John G. Rogers III.   Regents professor Ronald C. Arkin of the College of Computing and Tom Collins of GTRI are also members of the Georgia Tech processing team.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the experiment, the robots perform their mapping work using two types of sensors \u2013 a video camera and a laser scanner.  Supported by onboard computing capability, the camera locates doorways and windows, while the scanner measures walls.  In addition, an inertial measurement unit helps stabilize the robot and provides information about its movement.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EData from the sensors are integrated into a local area map that is developed by each robot using a graph-based technique called simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The SLAM approach allows an autonomous vehicle to develop a map of either known or unknown environments, while also monitoring and reporting on its own current location.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESLAM\u0027s flexibility is especially valuable in areas where global positioning system (GPS) service is blocked, such as inside buildings and in some combat zones, Christensen said.  When GPS is active, human handlers can use it to see where their robots are. But in the absence of global location information, SLAM enables the robots to keep track of their own locations as they move.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022There is no lead robot, yet each unit is capable of recruiting other units to make sure the entire area is explored,\u0022 Christensen explained. \u0022When the first robot comes to an intersection, it says to a second robot, \u0027I\u0027m going to go to the left if you go to the right.\u0027\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChristensen expects the robots\u0027 abilities to expand beyond mapping soon. One capability under development by a MAST team involves tiny radar units that could see through walls and detect objects -- or humans -- behind them.  Infrared sensors could also support the search mission by locating anything giving off heat.  In addition, a MAST team is developing a highly flexible \u0022whisker\u0022 to sense the proximity of walls, even in the dark. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe processing team is designing a more complex experiment for the coming year to include small autonomous aerial platforms for locating a particular building, finding likely entry points and then calling in robotic mapping teams. Demonstrating such a capability next year would culminate progress in small-scale autonomy during MAST\u0027s first five years, Christensen said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to the three universities, other MAST team participants are North Carolina A\u0026amp;T State University, the University of California Berkeley, the University of Maryland, the University of Michigan, the University of New Mexico, Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and two companies: BAE Systems and Daedalus Flight Systems.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-08-2-0004. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a project sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory, researchers are giving autonomous robots the ability to work together to explore and map the interiors of buildings. Beyond soldiers, the capability could also help civilian first responders.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Autonomous robots are collaborating to explore and map buildings."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-05-15 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:45","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66198":{"id":"66198","type":"image","title":"Henrik Christensen with robot","body":null,"created":"1449176931","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:51","changed":"1475894587","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:07"},"66199":{"id":"66199","type":"image","title":"Henrik Christensen with robot","body":null,"created":"1449176931","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:51","changed":"1475894587","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:07"}},"media_ids":["66198","66199"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ic.gatech.edu\/people\/henrik-christensen","title":"Henrik Christensen"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.rim.gatech.edu\/","title":"Robotics and Intelligent Machine Center"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/","title":"College of Computing"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7264","name":"autonomous"},{"id":"3156","name":"Buildings"},{"id":"10939","name":"collaborate"},{"id":"7059","name":"explore"},{"id":"11890","name":"henrik christensen"},{"id":"7076","name":"map"},{"id":"1356","name":"robot"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66210":{"#nid":"66210","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute Leads $10 M Open Source Initiative","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S\u0026amp;T) Directorate has named the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) to lead implementation efforts for the five-year, $10 million Homeland Open Security Technology (HOST) program.  The HOST program will investigate open source and open cyber security methods, models and technologies, and identify viable and sustainable approaches that support national cyber security objectives.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The strategic objective of the HOST program is to lead efforts of discovery and collaboration, seeding development in open source software and practices that produce a measurable impact for government cyber security systems,\u0022 said Joshua Davis, associate division head at GTRI\u0027s Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory and principal investigator for the HOST program.  \u0022The collaborative nature of open source and open technologies provide unique technical and economic value and opportunities for government users.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOpen technologies are not a panacea for all challenges, Davis added.  HOST will reach out to government, industry, academic and open source community representatives to learn where and how open technologies have been successfully adopted within public and private systems and where the challenges still remain.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As we go, we are sharing this information across government agencies and helping to build networks of users, service and support providers and policy influencers, and providing a venue to enable them to discuss, share and learn from collective experiences,\u0022 Davis said.  \u0022The collective is what gives open source its strength.  We are simply applying this successful strategy to address government cyber security challenges.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is leading HOST efforts in conjunction with the Open Technology Research Consortium (OTRC), a collaborative network of leading academic research institutions, industry partners and open source community organizations that work to promote the advancement of open source software adoption within government agencies. OTRC members participating in the HOST program include: Georgia Tech Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, the Open Information Security Foundation and the Open Source Software Institute.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESecuring the nation\u0027s cyber networks and protecting critical infrastructures is a primary focus of the Department of Homeland Security.  To accomplish this, DHS seeks to drive innovation and promote the adoption of cyber security technologies, techniques and procedures that produce safe, secure and resilient cyber systems for federal, state, local, tribal and territorial government agencies.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWithin DHS, the Science and Technology Directorate is responsible for sponsoring advanced research activities and leading the development of collaborative working relationships to exchange ideas and technical resources between the public and private-sector environments. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdditional information on the HOST program will be made available through the DHS HOST website (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.cyber.st.dhs.gov\/host.html\u0022 title=\u0022www.cyber.st.dhs.gov\/host.html\u0022\u003Ewww.cyber.st.dhs.gov\/host.html\u003C\/a\u003E) and through a publicly accessible informational portal to be launched this summer. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, GA  30308 USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S\u0026amp;T) Directorate has named the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) to lead implementation efforts for the five-year, $10 million Homeland Open Security Technology (HOST) program.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI researchers are leading a new open source software initiative."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-05-17 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:45","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66211":{"id":"66211","type":"image","title":"Joshua Davis","body":null,"created":"1449176931","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:51","changed":"1475894589","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:09"}},"media_ids":["66211"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13168","name":"Department of Homeland Security"},{"id":"13167","name":"DHS"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"13166","name":"Joshua Davis"},{"id":"5155","name":"open source"},{"id":"13165","name":"open source software"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65765":{"#nid":"65765","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Radar Shows Promise for Detecting Concussions in Athletes and Soldiers","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWalking and thinking at the same\ntime can be especially difficult for persons who\u2019ve suffered concussions, and\nscientists hope to use that multitasking challenge \u2013 measured by a simple radar\nsystem \u2013 to quickly screen individuals who may have suffered brain injuries.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBy asking an individual to walk\na short distance while saying the months of the year in reverse order,\nresearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are trying to determine\nif that person is impaired. This simple test, which could be performed on the\nsideline of a sporting event or on a battlefield, has the potential to help\ncoaches and commanders decide if athletes and soldiers are ready to engage in\nactivity again.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cResearch performed at the\nUniversity of Oregon found that when a person with a concussion performs\ncognitive and motor skill tasks simultaneously, they have a different gait\npattern than a healthy individual, and we are working to identify those\nanomalies in a person\u2019s walk with radar,\u201d said GTRI research engineer Jennifer\nPalmer.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EMore than 1 million concussions\nand other mild traumatic brain injuries are reported each year in the United\nStates and catching them right after they happen can improve treatment and\nprevent further injury or other long-term health issues. Diagnosing concussions\ncan be difficult, though, because the symptoms of concussions are not always\neasily visible or detectable, even though they last for weeks or months\nfollowing the incident. Methods exist for detecting concussions, but most focus\npurely on cognitive impairment and do not assess accompanying motor skill\ndeterioration.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDetails of GTRI\u2019s research technique,\nwhich simultaneously examines a person\u2019s cognitive and motor skills, were presented\non April 26 at the SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing conference in Orlando.\nGTRI research engineers Kristin Bing and Amy Sharma, principal research\nscientist (ret) Eugene Greneker, and research scientist Teresa Selee also\nworked on this project, which is supported by the GTRI Independent Research and\nDevelopment (IRAD) program.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ESeveral studies have shown that\nmeasuring changes in gait could be used to diagnose concussions, but measuring\na person\u2019s gait typically requires wearing special clothing with reflective\nmarkers or sensors so that movements can be captured with motion analysis\ncameras. Using radar for gait analysis could be faster and less intrusive than\nthese existing techniques. The assessment would be done with radar systems\nsimilar to those used by police for measuring the speed of vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oi0PDcZuMgU\u0022\u003EWatch a three-minute video describing this research\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor their study, the GTRI\nresearch team compared how 10 healthy individuals walked normally and when subjected\nto a simulated impairment. For the impairment scenario, individuals wore\ngoggles that simulated impairment produced by drinking alcoholic beverages.\nPast research has shown that concussion impairment is equivalent to having a\nblood alcohol level of 0.05 percent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the trials, each\nindividual performed four 30-second walking tasks: a normal walk, walk while\nsaying the months of the year in reverse order, walk while wearing the goggles,\nand walk while wearing the goggles and performing the cognitive task. For each\ntask, the subjects walked away from the radar system, turned around and walked\nback toward the radar system.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019re using a 10.5 gigahertz\ncontinuous wave radar, which is similar to a police officer\u2019s radar gun that\nmeasures the speed of a car,\u201d explained Bing. \u201cThe data we collect tells us the\nvelocity of everything that\u2019s in the field of view of the radar at that time,\nincluding a person\u2019s foot kicks, and head and torso movements.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers analyzed the\nradar data using information-theoretic techniques, which detected similarities\nand differences in the information without having to identify and align\nspecific body parts. In addition, these techniques could recognize a gait\nanomaly without requiring that an individual\u2019s normal gait be measured before\nthe person became impaired.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe found differences between\nthe gait patterns of individuals walking normally while completing a cognitive\ntask versus those with the simulated impairment while completing a cognitive\ntask,\u201d explained Palmer. \u201cThe gait of individuals walking normally while\ncompleting a cognitive task was more periodic, with regular and higher velocity\nfoot kicks and faster torso and head movement, than the gait exhibited by\nindividuals wearing impairment goggles and performing the cognitive task.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe results also indicated that\nif no cognitive task was performed, the gait pattern was not statistically\ndifferent when wearing and not wearing the goggles.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe found that we needed to exercise\na person\u2019s physical and mental capabilities at the same time to see a change in\ngait,\u201d said Bing. \u201cIt\u2019s easy for a person to concentrate on one task, but when\nthat person has to multitask we can begin to discriminate differences in gait.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the future, the researchers\nplan to collect additional data from healthy individuals of different heights\nand weights, and from individuals exhibiting concussion symptoms according to\nneuropsychological screening tests performed at a hospital. They also plan to\nreduce the size of the experimental system so that it becomes more practical to\nuse.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cFor the military, we envision\nthe system could fit into a tough box so that commanders can have it in the\nfield,\u201d added Bing. \u201cThey could simply press a button, connect the radar system\nto a laptop, and an easy-to-use interface would display the results.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EApproval from the Food and Drug\nAdministration will be required before this system can be used to help doctors diagnose\nconcussions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986) or Kirk Englehardt (kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu; 404-407-7280)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers are developing a radar technique they hope will allow them to quickly screen individuals to determine if they have suffered an impairment such as concussion.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Radar being tested as a way to screen individuals for concussions"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-04-25 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:38","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-25T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-25T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65766":{"id":"65766","type":"image","title":"GTRI Palmer, Sharma, Bing","body":null,"created":"1449176884","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:04","changed":"1475894582","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:02","alt":"GTRI Palmer, Sharma, Bing","file":{"fid":"192393","name":"ttz38334.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttz38334_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttz38334_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1451954,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ttz38334_0.jpg?itok=hiizu8rU"}},"65767":{"id":"65767","type":"image","title":"GTRI radar concussion","body":null,"created":"1449176884","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:04","changed":"1475894582","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:02","alt":"GTRI radar concussion","file":{"fid":"192394","name":"tmm38334.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmm38334_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmm38334_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1394120,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tmm38334_0.jpg?itok=PUaM3tU5"}},"65768":{"id":"65768","type":"image","title":"GTRI Palmer, Bing, Sharma","body":null,"created":"1449176884","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:04","changed":"1475894582","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:02","alt":"GTRI Palmer, Bing, Sharma","file":{"fid":"192395","name":"toi38334.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/toi38334_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/toi38334_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1563323,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/toi38334_0.jpg?itok=fAsf5I2c"}}},"media_ids":["65766","65767","65768"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"3438","name":"athletes"},{"id":"4200","name":"cognitive"},{"id":"12927","name":"cognitive skills"},{"id":"3190","name":"concussion"},{"id":"12923","name":"concussion detection"},{"id":"12929","name":"concussion diagnosis"},{"id":"12924","name":"gait analysis"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"12926","name":"motor skills"},{"id":"12925","name":"multitasking"},{"id":"2621","name":"radar"},{"id":"170727","name":"soldiers"},{"id":"12922","name":"traumatic brain injury"},{"id":"12930","name":"vision impairment"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64679":{"#nid":"64679","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Silver-Diamond Composite Offers Cooling Capabilities for Electronics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing a solid composite material to help cool small, powerful microelectronics used in defense systems. The material, composed of silver and diamond, promises an exceptional degree of thermal conductivity compared to materials currently used for this application.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research is focused on producing a silver-diamond thermal shim of unprecedented thinness \u2013 250 microns or less.  The ratio of silver to diamond in the material can be tailored to allow the shim to be bonded with low thermal-expansion stress to the high-power wide-bandgap semiconductors planned for next generation phased-array radars.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThermal shims are needed to pull heat from these high-power semiconductors and transfer it to heat-dissipating devices such as fins, fans or heat pipes. Since the semiconductors work in very confined operating spaces, it is necessary that the shims be made from a material that packs high thermal conductivity into a tiny structure.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiamonds provide the bulk of thermal conductivity, while silver suspends the diamond particles within the composite and contributes to high thermal conductivity that is 25 percent better than copper.  To date, tests indicate that the silver-diamond composite performs extremely well in two key areas -- thermal conductivity and thermal expansion.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0027We have already observed clear performance benefits -- an estimated temperature decrease from 285 degrees Celsius to 181 degrees Celsius -- using a material of 50 percent diamond in a 250-micron shim,\u0027 said Jason Nadler, a GTRI research engineer who is leading the project. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers are approaching diamond percentages that can be as high as 85 percent, in a shim less than 250 microns in thickness. These increased percentages of diamond are yielding even better performance results in prototype testing.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler added that this novel approach to silver-diamond composites holds definite technology-transfer promise.  No material currently available offers this combination of performance and thinness. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENatural Thermal Conductors\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiamond is the most thermally conductive natural material, with a rating of approximately 2,000 watts per meter Kelvin, which is a measure of thermal efficiency.  Silver, which is among the most thermally conductive metals, has a significantly lower rating -- 400 watts per meter K. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler explained that adding silver is necessary to:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-  bond the loose diamond particles into a stable matrix;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-  allow precise cutting of the material to form components of exact sizes;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-  match thermal expansion to that of the semiconductor device being cooled;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-  create a more thermally effective interface between the diamonds.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler and his team use diamond particles, resembling grains of sand, that can be molded into a planar form.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe problem is, a sand-like material doesn\u0027t hold together well.  A matrix of silver -- soft, ductile and sticky -- is needed to keep the diamond particles together and achieve a robust composite material.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, because the malleable silver matrix completely surrounds the diamond particles, it supports cutting the composite to the precise dimensions needed to form components like thermal shims. And silver allows those components to bond readily to other surfaces, such as semiconductors.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETailoring Thermal Expansion\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs any material heats up, it expands at its own individual rate, a behavior known as its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen structures made from different materials -- such as a wide-bandgap semiconductor and a thermal shim -- are joined, it is vital that their thermal-expansion coefficients be identical.  Bonded materials that expand at different rates separate readily.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiamond has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion of about two parts per million\/Kelvin (ppm\/K).  But the materials used to make wide-bandgap semiconductors -- such as silicon carbide or gallium nitride \u2013 have higher CTEs, generally in the range of three to five ppm\/K.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy adding in just the right percentage of silver, which has a CTE of about 20 ppm\/K, the GTRI team can tailor the silver-diamond composite to expand at the same rate as the semiconductor material. By matching thermal-expansion rates during heating and cooling, the researchers have enabled the two materials to maintain a strong bond. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnlike metals, which conduct heat by moving electrons, diamond conducts heat by means of phonons, which are vibrational wave packets that travel through crystalline and other materials.  Introducing silver between the diamond-particle interfaces helps phonons move from particle to particle and supports thermal efficiency. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022It\u0027s a challenge to use diamond particles to fill space in a plane with high efficiency and stability,\u0022 Nadler said. \u0022In recent years we\u0027ve built image-analysis and other tools that let us perform structural morphological analyses on the material we\u0027ve created. That data helps us understand what\u0027s actually happening within the composite -- including how the diamond-particle sizes are distributed and how the silver actually surrounds the diamonds.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA remaining hurdle involves the need to move beyond performance testing to an in-depth analysis of the silver-diamond material\u0027s functionality. Nadler\u0027s aim is to explain the thermal conductivity of the composite from a fundamental materials standpoint, rather than relying solely on performance results.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe extremely small size of the thermal shims makes such in-depth testing difficult, because existing testing methods require larger amounts of material. However, Nadler and his team are evaluating several testbed technologies that hold promise for detailed thermal-conductivity analysis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing a solid composite material to help cool small, powerful microelectronics used in defense systems. The new material is composed of silver and diamond.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new composite material could help cool high-power electronics."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-02-28 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:18","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-28T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-28T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64680":{"id":"64680","type":"image","title":"Silver-diamond composite materials","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Silver-diamond composite materials","file":{"fid":"192067","name":"tlk30065.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tlk30065_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tlk30065_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1566428,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tlk30065_0.jpg?itok=PMiuuSFa"}},"64681":{"id":"64681","type":"image","title":"Diamond materials","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Diamond materials","file":{"fid":"192068","name":"tis30065.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tis30065_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tis30065_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1387493,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tis30065_0.jpg?itok=-u42j99T"}},"64682":{"id":"64682","type":"image","title":"Diamond material","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Diamond material","file":{"fid":"192069","name":"thg30065.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/thg30065_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/thg30065_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":662179,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/thg30065_0.jpg?itok=OLIYy5Dr"}}},"media_ids":["64680","64681","64682"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"12178","name":"composite"},{"id":"437","name":"cooling"},{"id":"1366","name":"defense"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"12176","name":"Jason Nadler"},{"id":"2832","name":"microelectronics"},{"id":"171070","name":"silver-diamond"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64241":{"#nid":"64241","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Work Toward Automating Sedation in Intensive Care Units","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Northeast Georgia Medical Center are one step closer to their goal of automating the management of sedation in hospital intensive care units (ICUs). They have developed control algorithms that use clinical data to accurately determine a patient\u0027s level of sedation and can notify medical staff if there is a change in the level.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022ICU nurses have one of the most task-laden jobs in medicine and typically take care of multiple patients at the same time, so if we can use control system technology to automate the task of sedation, patient safety will be enhanced and drug delivery will improve in the ICU,\u0022 said James Bailey, the chief medical informatics officer at the Northeast Georgia Medical Center in Gainesville, Ga. Bailey is also a certified anesthesiologist and intensive care specialist. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring a presentation at the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, the researchers reported on their analysis of more than 15,000 clinical measurements from 366 ICU patients they classified as \u0022agitated\u0022 or \u0022not agitated.\u0022 Agitation is a measure of the level of patient sedation. The algorithm returned the same results as the assessment by hospital staff 92 percent of the time.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Manual sedation control can be tedious, imprecise, time-consuming and sometimes of poor quality, depending on the skills and judgment of the ICU nurse,\u0022 said Wassim Haddad, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Aerospace Engineering. \u0022Ultimately, we envision an automated system in which the ICU nurse evaluates the ICU patient, enters the patient\u0027s sedation level into a controller, which then adjusts the sedative dosing regimen to maintain sedation at the desired level by continuously collecting and analyzing quantitative clinical data on the patient.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis project is supported in part by the U.S. Army. On the battlefield, military physicians sometimes face demanding critical care situations and the use of advanced control technologies is essential for extending the capabilities of the health care system to handle large numbers of injured soldiers.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWorking with Haddad and Bailey on this project are Allen Tannenbaum and Behnood Gholami.  Tannenbaum holds a joint appointment as the Julian Hightower Chair in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, while Gholami is currently a postdoctoral fellow in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis research builds on Haddad and Bailey\u0027s previous work automating anesthesia in hospital operating rooms. The adaptive control algorithms developed by Haddad and Bailey control the infusion of an anesthetic drug agent in order to maintain a desired constant level of depth of anesthesia during surgery in the operating room. Clinical trial results that will be published in the March issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EIEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology \u003C\/em\u003Edemonstrate excellent regulation of unconsciousness allowing for a safe and effective administration of an anesthetic agent. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECritically ill patients in the ICU frequently require invasive monitoring and other support that can lead to anxiety, agitation and pain. Sedation is essential for the comfort and safety of these patients.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The challenge in developing closed-loop control systems for sedating critically ill patients is finding the appropriate performance variable or variables that measure the level of sedation of a patient, in turn allowing an automated controller to provide adequate sedation without oversedation,\u0022 said Gholami.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the ICU, the researchers used information detailing each patient\u0027s facial expression, gross motor movement, response to a potentially noxious stimulus, heart rate and blood pressure stability, noncardiac sympathetic stability, and nonverbal pain scale to determine a level of sedation. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers classified the clinical data for each variable into categories. For example, a patient\u0027s facial expression was categorized as \u0022relaxed,\u0022 \u0022grimacing and moaning,\u0022 or \u0022grimacing and crying.\u0022 A patient\u0027s noncardiac sympathetic stability was classified as \u0022warm and dry skin,\u0022 \u0022flushed and sweaty,\u0022 or \u0022pale and sweaty.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThey also recorded each patient\u0027s score on the motor activity and assessment scale (MAAS), which is used by clinicians to evaluate level of sedation on a scale of zero to six. In the MAAS system, a score of zero represents an \u0022unresponsive patient,\u0022 three represents a \u0022calm and cooperative patient,\u0022 and six represents a \u0022dangerously agitated patient.\u0022 The MAAS score is subjective and can result in inconsistencies and variability in sedation administration.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing a Bayesian network, the researchers used the clinical data to compute the probability that a patient was agitated. Twelve-thousand measurements collected from patients admitted to the ICU at the Northeast Georgia Medical Center between during a one-year period were used to train the Bayesian network and the remaining 3,000 were used to test it. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 18 percent of the test cases, the computer classified a patient as \u0022agitated\u0022 but the MAAS score described the same patient as \u0022not agitated.\u0022 In five percent of the test cases, the computer classified a patient as \u0022not agitated,\u0022 whereas the MAAS score indicated \u0022agitated.\u0022 These probabilities signify an 18 percent false-positive rate and a five percent false-negative rate.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This level of performance would allow a significant reduction in the workload of the intensive care unit nurse, but it would in no way replace the nurse as the ultimate judge of the adequacy of sedation,\u0022 said Bailey. \u0022However, by relieving the nurse of some of the work associated with titration of sedation, it would allow the nurse to better focus on other aspects of his or her demanding job.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers\u0027 next step toward closed-loop control of sedation in the ICU will be to continuously collect clinical data from ICU patients in real time. Future work will involve the development of objective techniques for assessing ICU sedation using movement, facial expression and responsiveness to stimuli.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDigital imaging will be used to assess a patient\u0027s facial expression and also gross motor movement. In a study published in the June 2010 issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EIEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering\u003C\/em\u003E, the researchers showed that machine learning methods could be used to assess the level of pain in patients using facial expressions.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We will explore the relationship between the data we can extract from these multiple sensors and the subjective clinical MAAS score,\u0022 said Haddad. \u0022We will then use the knowledge we have gained in developing feedback control algorithms for anesthesia dosage levels in the operating room to develop an expert system to automate drug dosage in the ICU.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project is supported in part by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (Grant No. 08108002). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator (Wassim Haddad) and does not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. Army.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Computer System for Evaluating Sedation Level Shows Strong Agreement with Clinical Assessment"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Researchers are a step closer to automating sedation in hospital intensive care units. They have developed control algorithms that use clinical data to accurately determine a patient\u0027s level of sedation and can notify medical staff if the level changes.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers step closer to automating sedation in hospital ICUs"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-02-12 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-14T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-14T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64242":{"id":"64242","type":"image","title":"Haddad\/Tannenbaum\/Gholami","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Haddad\/Tannenbaum\/Gholami","file":{"fid":"191973","name":"tbh63890.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbh63890_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbh63890_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":963223,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tbh63890_0.jpg?itok=lsttYiWU"}},"64243":{"id":"64243","type":"image","title":"Haddad\/Tannenbaum\/Gholami","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Haddad\/Tannenbaum\/Gholami","file":{"fid":"191974","name":"tfd63890.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfd63890_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfd63890_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1179892,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tfd63890_0.jpg?itok=7hX_If1G"}}},"media_ids":["64242","64243"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ae.gatech.edu\/community\/staff\/bio\/haddad-w","title":"Wassim Haddad"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=101","title":"Allen Tannenbaum"},{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TCST.2010.2042810","title":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2009.2039214","title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering paper"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2082","name":"aerospace engineering"},{"id":"11910","name":"Agitation"},{"id":"11901","name":"Allen Tannenbaum"},{"id":"7780","name":"anesthesia"},{"id":"11905","name":"automated anesthesia"},{"id":"11907","name":"automated sedation"},{"id":"249","name":"Biomedical Engineering"},{"id":"11911","name":"closed-loop control system"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"11903","name":"control algorithm"},{"id":"11904","name":"Intensive Care Unit"},{"id":"11913","name":"Maas"},{"id":"11912","name":"motor activity and assessment scale"},{"id":"11908","name":"Nurse"},{"id":"11909","name":"Nurse Anesthesia"},{"id":"171061","name":"Sedation"},{"id":"11902","name":"Wassim Haddad"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"330241":{"#nid":"330241","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Novel porous silicon microfabrication technique increases sensing ability","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology researchers have developed a novel method for improving silicon-based sensors used to detect biochemicals and other molecules in liquids. The simplified approach produces micro-scale optical detection devices that cost less to make than other designs, and provide a six-fold increase in sensitivity to target molecules.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe new technique uses a thin film of porous silicon material to coat a layer of light-conducting dense silicon. The porous silicon thin film contains many connected pores and internal surfaces that greatly increase the effective area onto which a chemical component of interest \u2013 often referred to as an analyte \u2013 can bind. The increased surface area allows the porous silicon to capture larger numbers of analyte molecules, which increases overall detection sensitivity and thereby facilitates detection of analytes occurring in low concentrations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnlike earlier methods for generating porous silicon, the Georgia Tech thin-film process is more easily adapted for use with standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates, and also allows for highly precise control of the thickness of the porous silicon layer. The research was described in a recent paper, \u0022Magnesiothermically Formed Porous Silicon Thin Films on Silicon-on-Insulator Optical Microresonators for High-Sensitivity Detection,\u0022 published in the journal \u003Cem\u003EAdvanced Optical Materials\u003C\/em\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022A larger surface area means there\u0027s more room for the analytes you\u0027re seeking to land, and then to interact with the optical signal \u2013 the light \u2013 that detects them,\u0022 explained \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=2\u0022\u003EAli Adibi\u003C\/a\u003E, Joseph M. Pettit Chair and a professor in the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering \u003C\/a\u003E(ECE), who co-led the research along with \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mse.gatech.edu\/faculty\/sandhage\u0022\u003EKenneth H. Sandhage\u003C\/a\u003E, B. Mifflin Hood Professor in the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mse.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Materials Science and Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E (MSE). \u0022And unlike other techniques, our process confines the pores to the thin film layer on top. The porous area doesn\u0027t impinge on the dense-silicon layer underneath, and consequently doesn\u0027t compromise the optical quality of the devices fabricated in the dense layer and the ability of the sensor to detect the analytes.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe work was part of the Centers in Integrated Photonics Engineering Research (CIPhER) program, a $4.3 million, two-year effort funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop advanced laboratory-on-chip sensing technology capable of detecting multiple biological and chemical threats on a compact integrated platform. Other center participants included Emory University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California-Santa Cruz, and Yale University.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt Georgia Tech, Professor Mostafa El-Sayed of the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and David Gottfried of the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology were also principal investigators on the CIPhER program. Ali A. Eftekhar, an ECE research engineer, was also part of the technical management of this project. Adibi was the lead principal investigator of this program.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOptical Detection of Analytes\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech researchers are working with a silicon-based optical sensor that utilizes a racetrack-shaped optical resonator capable of coupling strongly with light passing through a nearby optical waveguide at particular light frequencies. The resonator\u0027s surface is chemically functionalized to bind with specific bio-markers, chemical components or other analytes being sought.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs the optical signal passes through the silicon waveguide and resonator, the associated electromagnetic field can interact with one or more specific types of chemical components captured in the silicon surface. If an analyte is present, it alters the resonance frequency of the racetrack resonator, showing its effect on the power transmitted through the waveguide. The greater the concentration of the analyte, the larger the frequency shift, and the larger the effect on the transmitted power.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETraditionally in bio-sensing, a layer of dense silicon has served a dual purpose. It functions as the waveguide for the optical signal that detects analytes, and it also provides the surface that captures those analytes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The problem with that approach is that dense, planar silicon has limited surface area onto which analytes can bind,\u0022 explained Sandhage, who is also on the faculty of the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry. \u0022That significantly reduces how much response you get from the interaction of the light with the analyte.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPrevious efforts to create pores in silicon to increase surface area have encountered drawbacks, including complexity \u2013 such as difficulty in adapting to standard silicon-on-insulator substrates \u2013 and a reduction in silicon\u0027s ability to transport optical signals, he said. One such technique, called anodization, hinges on the problematic use of a hazardous hydrofluoric acid bath with an applied electrical current to etch into doped silicon. The technique tends to yield relatively large columnar (two-dimensional) pores in doped silicon, a modest surface area, and higher loss of optical signals.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe ability to controllably convert silica into porous silicon with fine, 3-D-interconnected pores is useful in other applications besides chemical sensing, Sandhage said. These include anodes for lithium ion batteries, optical displays, and inverse opals, which are three-dimensional photonic crystals.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The collaborative interplay between Professor Adibi\u0027s group and my group was essential to the success of this work,\u0022 he said. \u0022We both brought to bear specific techniques and expertise that enabled us to accomplish what neither of us could have done alone.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA Simpler Method\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn their recent paper, the Georgia Tech teams report development of a simpler, more effective device fabrication approach. Using an oxidation process, they first grew silica (silicon dioxide) on top of the dense-silicon layer. Then, using a shape-preserving magnesiothermic reduction process, the Sandhage group exposed the silica layer to magnesium gas generated by heating magnesium silicide. The process has been patented by the Georgia Tech Research Corp. under U.S. Patent No. 7,615,206.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe resulting magnesium gas reacted with the silica layer to yield a fine mixture of silicon and magnesium oxide, but did not react with the dense-silicon layer underneath. The magnesium oxide was then easily dissolved with a weak acid solution to yield a porous silicon layer with very fine 3-D-connected pores, which trapped analytes effectively but did not appreciably scatter light and could be tailored to within about a nanometer of thickness.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EForming a reliable sensor requires careful design and optimal fabrication of the nanophotonic structures, a task that was performed in Adibi\u2019s group. The fabrication process includes a critical step \u2013 using electron beams to cut channels in the porous silicon and underlying dense silicon, to form a patterned structure. This microlithography technique creates tiny trenches in the porous silicon and dense silicon, yielding porous-silicon-on-dense-silicon waveguides and microresonators that guide the optical signals and enable them to detect analytes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, the Adibi\u0026nbsp; team used advanced computing approaches to model the materials development process and to design the sensor structures. The models helped the researchers understand which techniques were most effective for producing efficient microresonators.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We have demonstrated that you can integrate microlithography and controlled-pore silicon on dense silicon without significantly sacrificing the quality of the resonator,\u0022 Adibi said. \u0022The result is a resonant-frequency response for sensing with much larger sensitivity \u2013 by about a factor of six \u2013 compared to when you don\u0027t have the porous silicon.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis research was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the principal investigators and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor, DARPA. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E177 North Avenue\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtlanta, Georgia\u0026nbsp; 30332-0181\u0026nbsp; USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-894-6986) or Brett Israel (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:brett.israel@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ebrett.israel@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) (404-385-1933).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology researchers have developed a novel method for improving silicon-based sensors used to detect biochemicals and other molecules in liquids. The simplified approach produces micro-scale optical detection devices that cost less to make than other designs, and provide a six-fold increase in sensitivity to target molecules.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have developed a novel method for improving silicon-based sensors used to detect biochemicals and other molecules in liquids."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2014-10-01 13:15:26","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:02","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-10-01T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-10-01T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"330231":{"id":"330231","type":"image","title":"Porous silicon8","body":null,"created":"1449245090","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"Porous silicon8","file":{"fid":"200332","name":"poroussilicon8.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon8_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon8_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1147122,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/poroussilicon8_0.jpg?itok=VLEv-02S"}},"330221":{"id":"330221","type":"image","title":"Porous silicon6","body":null,"created":"1449245090","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"Porous silicon6","file":{"fid":"200331","name":"poroussilicon6.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon6_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon6_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1265557,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/poroussilicon6_0.jpg?itok=bBPxAdEO"}},"330191":{"id":"330191","type":"image","title":"Porous silicon2","body":null,"created":"1449245090","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"Porous silicon2","file":{"fid":"200328","name":"poroussilicon2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1145305,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/poroussilicon2_0.jpg?itok=aau5Kt_d"}},"330211":{"id":"330211","type":"image","title":"Porous silicon5","body":null,"created":"1449245090","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"Porous silicon5","file":{"fid":"200330","name":"poroussilicon5.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon5_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon5_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1117511,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/poroussilicon5_0.jpg?itok=9o56r4LN"}},"330201":{"id":"330201","type":"image","title":"Porous silicon3","body":null,"created":"1449245090","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"Porous silicon3","file":{"fid":"200329","name":"poroussilicon3_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon3_0_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/poroussilicon3_0_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1318796,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/poroussilicon3_0_0.jpg?itok=AokOJYpC"}}},"media_ids":["330231","330221","330191","330211","330201"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2769","name":"Ali Adibi"},{"id":"13707","name":"Kenneth Sandhage"},{"id":"10463","name":"microfabrication"},{"id":"105161","name":"porous silicon"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"id":"167535","name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering"},{"id":"167066","name":"sensors"},{"id":"167355","name":"silicon"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39451","name":"Electronics and Nanotechnology"},{"id":"39471","name":"Materials"},{"id":"39481","name":"National Security"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearch News\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(404) 894-6986\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63111":{"#nid":"63111","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Assists in Identifying Files for United Kingdom Archive","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are sharing results of advanced file-format recognition research with The National Archives of the United Kingdom.  The effort could enhance worldwide capability to manage the vast array of file formats created since the computer age began. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EImproving archivists\u0027 ability to categorize and access hundreds of different computer file formats is critical in the digital age.  Increasingly, archives receive large quantities of government and other records in a wide variety of digital formats. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The ultimate problem we\u0027re addressing here is technical obsolescence,\u0022 said William Underwood, a principal research scientist leading the file-recognition effort for GTRI. \u0022As software programs have been superseded over the years, it\u2019s become critical to automate the enormous task of categorizing, verifying and viewing hundreds of past and present file formats.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne major facilitator of that task is the PRONOM service, developed by The National Archives of the U.K.  This file-format registry, which can be utilized online by archivists and others worldwide, employs a database containing details of more than 750 different digital file formats. Those formats, in turn, are accessed by a file-format identification tool called DROID.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnderwood explained that archivists face the task of distinguishing among data files in hundreds of different formats. At the most basic level, categorizing these data formats requires software tools that examine file extensions, which are the identifying characters such as \u0022doc\u0022 or \u0022pdf\u0022 found at the end of filenames.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet a file extension -- an external identifier that is easily modified or deleted -- can be inaccurate.  More critical is the capability to identify correctly the distinctive internal signature that characterizes a file\u0027s format.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI, in cooperation with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), is helping the United Kingdom expand the roster of internal signatures in the PRONOM database. GTRI has added more than 50 such signatures to PRONOM in the past months, increasing the number of signatures in the database by almost a quarter, with more additions expected next year. This work is being performed at the request of the National Archives Center for Advanced Systems and Technologies (NCAST), a NARA unit.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECurrently, about a third of PRONOM\u0027s 750 file formats have internal signatures. Increasing the number of internal signatures is important, Underwood said, because it helps the DROID tool identify files more accurately. In turn, increased accuracy enables digital archivists to better identify older, obsolete file formats and develop appropriate migration strategies and preservation tools.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We are grateful to NARA and the Georgia Tech Research Institute for the work they have recently undertaken on file-format research,\u0022 said David Thomas, director of technology at The National Archives of the UK.  \u0022The decision to share their work...has significantly improved the PRONOM database and will be of enormous benefit to the wider digital preservation community.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe technology contributed to The National Archives of the UK is derived from GTRI\u0027s research into Advanced Language Processing Technology Applied to Digital Records, a project sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and by NCAST. This work applies computational linguistics technology to summarizing, accessing, reviewing and preserving electronic records of the Department of Defense, federal agencies and presidential administrations.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022In PRONOM\/DROID, The National Archives of the U.K. has responded to an essential need for preserving and providing sustained access to valuable digital information,\u0022 said Kenneth Thibodeau, director of NCAST.  \u0022We are happy to be able to contribute to enhancing a tool that we use in NARA\u0027s Electronic Records Archives system. This helps us and also benefits anyone who needs to preserve digital assets.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe first version of PRONOM was developed by The National Archives\u0027 Digital Preservation Department for internal use in March 2002 and was launched as a free online service to the public in February 2004. In 2007 The National Archives won the Digital Preservation Award for its development of the PRONOM and DROID tools.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2011, PRONOM data will be released in a linked, open format. This move will make it easier for others to reuse the data, and will provide a means to extend and develop the dataset. More information is available at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/labs.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/wordpress\/\u0022 title=\u0022http:\/\/labs.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/wordpress\/\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/labs.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/wordpress\/\u003C\/a\u003E. \t\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The GTRI computational-linguistics team will certainly continue to contribute to PRONOM,\u0022 Underwood said.  \u0022We\u0027re eager to use our experience in language-processing technology to support the evolution of this internationally important file format database.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are sharing results of advanced file-format recognition research with The National Archives of the United Kingdom.  The effort could enhance worldwide capability to manage the vast array of file formats.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI researchers are helping archivists identify digital files."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2010-12-09 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:54","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-12-09T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2010-12-09T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"63112":{"id":"63112","type":"image","title":"Archivists must classify file types","body":null,"created":"1449176649","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:09","changed":"1475894552","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:32","alt":"Archivists must classify file types","file":{"fid":"191736","name":"tzn11658.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tzn11658_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tzn11658_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":29055,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tzn11658_0.jpg?itok=2vqeW4qc"}},"63113":{"id":"63113","type":"image","title":"3-D map of the United Kingdom","body":null,"created":"1449176649","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:09","changed":"1475894552","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:32","alt":"3-D map of the United Kingdom","file":{"fid":"191737","name":"tqo11658.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tqo11658_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tqo11658_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":56381,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tqo11658_0.jpg?itok=_WZjDlZ7"}}},"media_ids":["63112","63113"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"143","name":"Digital Media and Entertainment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"6624","name":"archives"},{"id":"1446","name":"digital"},{"id":"11430","name":"file-format"},{"id":"6748","name":"recognition"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"62918":{"#nid":"62918","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Simple, Efficient Wing-Flapping Motion Proposed for Tiny Air Machines","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the future, tiny air vehicles may be able to fly through cracks in concrete to search for earthquake victims, explore a contaminated building or conduct surveillance missions for the military. But today, designing the best flying mechanism for these miniature aerial machines is still a challenging task. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECreating micro-scale air vehicles that mimic the flapping of winged insects or birds has become popular, but they typically require a complex combination of pitching and plunging motions to oscillate the flapping wings. To avoid some of the design challenges involved in mimicking insect wing strokes, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology propose using flexible wings that are driven by a simple sinusoidal flapping motion. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We found that the simple up and down wavelike stroke of wings at the resonance frequency is easier to implement and generates lift comparable to winged insects that employ a significantly more complex stroke,\u0022 said Alexander Alexeev, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Mechanical Engineering.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDetails of the flapping motion proposed by Alexeev and mechanical engineering graduate student Hassan Masoud were presented on Nov. 22 at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Fluid Dynamics. A paper published in the May issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EPhysical Review E\u003C\/em\u003E also reported on this work, which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid computational resources.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/gtresearchnews.gatech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/maximum_lift.mov\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EWatch a movie that illustrates the resonance oscillations of a flexible wing at the maximum lift frequency.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn nature, flapping-wing flight has unparalleled maneuverability, agility and hovering capability. Unlike fixed-wing and rotary-wing air vehicles, micro air vehicles integrate lifting, thrusting and hanging into a flapping wing system, and have the ability to cruise a long distance with a small energy supply. However, significant technical challenges exist in designing flapping wings, many motivated by an incomplete understanding of the physics associated with aerodynamics of flapping flight at small size scales.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022When you want to create smaller and smaller vehicles, the aerodynamics change a lot and modeling becomes important,\u0022 said Alexeev. \u0022We tried to gain insight into the flapping aerodynamics by using computational models and identifying the aerodynamic forces necessary to drive these very small flying machines.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlexeev and Masoud used three-dimensional computer simulations to examine for the first time the lift and hovering aerodynamics of flexible wings driven at resonance by sinusoidal oscillations. The wings were tilted from the horizontal and oscillated vertically by a force applied at the wing root. To capture the dynamic interactions between the wings and their environment, the researchers used a hybrid computational approach that integrated the lattice Boltzmann model for fluid dynamics and the lattice spring model for the mechanics of elastic wings.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe simulations revealed that at resonance -- the frequencies when a system oscillates at larger amplitudes -- tilted elastic wings driven by a simple harmonic stroke generated lift comparable to that of small insects that employ a significantly more complex stroke. In addition, the simulations identified one flapping regime that enabled maximum lift and another that revealed maximum efficiency. The efficiency was maximized at a flapping frequency 30 percent higher than the frequency for maximized lift.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This information could be useful for regulating the flight of flapping-wing micro air vehicles since high lift is typically needed only during takeoff, while the enhanced aerodynamic efficiency is essential for a long-distance cruise flight,\u0022 noted Masoud.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo facilitate the design of practical micro-scale air vehicles that employ resonance flapping, the researchers plan to examine how flapping wings can be effectively controlled in different flow conditions including unsteady gusty environments. They are also investigating whether wings with non-uniform structural and mechanical properties and wings driven by an asymmetric stroke may further improve the resonance performance of flapping wings.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"To avoid some of the design challenges involved in creating micro-scale air vehicles that mimic the flapping of winged insects or birds, Georgia Tech researchers propose using flexible wings that are driven by a simple sinusoidal flapping motion.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers propose flexible wings for micro air vehicles."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2010-11-22 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:50","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-11-22T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2010-11-22T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"62919":{"id":"62919","type":"image","title":"Alexander Alexeev and Hassan Masoud","body":null,"created":"1449176409","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:00:09","changed":"1475894549","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:29","alt":"Alexander Alexeev and Hassan Masoud","file":{"fid":"191608","name":"ttr40795.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttr40795_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttr40795_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":992951,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ttr40795_0.jpg?itok=1IFMa2-h"}},"62920":{"id":"62920","type":"image","title":"Alexander Alexeev","body":null,"created":"1449176409","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:00:09","changed":"1475894549","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:29","alt":"Alexander Alexeev","file":{"fid":"191609","name":"tsp40795.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tsp40795_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tsp40795_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1352749,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tsp40795_0.jpg?itok=5HAGJYle"}}},"media_ids":["62919","62920"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.81.056304","title":"Physical Review E paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/faculty\/alexeev.shtml","title":"Alexander Alexeev"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/","title":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"11333","name":"flapping wings"},{"id":"11332","name":"flexible wings"},{"id":"11334","name":"lattice Boltzmann"},{"id":"11335","name":"lattice spring"},{"id":"11329","name":"micro air vehicle"},{"id":"2122","name":"oscillation"},{"id":"7106","name":"resonance"},{"id":"171048","name":"sinusoidal oscillation"},{"id":"11330","name":"Wings"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"62994":{"#nid":"62994","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Project Pioneers Silicon-Germanium for Space Electronics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA five-year project led by the Georgia Institute of Technology has developed a novel approach to space electronics that could change how space vehicles and instruments are designed. The new capabilities are based on silicon-germanium (SiGe) technology, which can produce electronics that are highly resistant to both wide temperature variations and space radiation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETitled \u0022SiGe Integrated Electronics for Extreme Environments,\u0022 the $12 million, 63-month project was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In addition to Georgia Tech, the 11-member team included academic researchers from the University of Arkansas, Auburn University, University of Maryland, University of Tennessee and Vanderbilt University. Also involved in the project were BAE Systems, Boeing Co., IBM Corp., Lynguent Inc. and NASA\u0027s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The team\u0027s overall task was to develop an end-to-end solution for NASA -- a tested infrastructure that includes everything needed to design and build extreme-environment electronics for space missions,\u0022 said John Cressler, who is a Ken Byers Professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Cressler served as principal investigator and overall team leader for the project. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA paper on the project findings will appear in December in \u003Cem\u003EIEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, 2010\u003C\/em\u003E. During the past five years, work done under the project has resulted in some 125 peer-reviewed publications. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnique Capabilities\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESiGe alloys combine silicon, the most common microchip material, with germanium at nanoscale dimensions. The result is a robust material that offers important gains in toughness, speed and flexibility. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat robustness is crucial to silicon-germanium\u0027s ability to function in space without bulky radiation shields or large, power-hungry temperature control devices. Compared to conventional approaches, SiGe electronics can provide major reductions in weight, size, complexity, power and cost, as well as increased reliability and adaptability. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our team used a mature silicon-germanium technology -- IBM\u0027s 0.5 micron SiGe technology -- that was not intended to withstand deep-space conditions,\u0022 Cressler said. \u0022Without changing the composition of the underlying silicon-germanium transistors, we leveraged SiGe\u0027s natural merits to develop new circuit designs -- as well as new approaches to packaging the final circuits -- to produce an electronic system that could reliably withstand the extreme conditions of space.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt the end of the project, the researchers supplied NASA with a suite of modeling tools, circuit designs, packaging technologies and system\/subsystem designs, along with guidelines for qualifying those parts for use in space. In addition, the team furnished NASA with a functional prototype -- called a silicon-germanium remote electronics unit (REU) 16-channel general purpose sensor interface. The device was fabricated using silicon-germanium microchips and has been tested successfully in simulated space environments. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA New Paradigm \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAndrew S. Keys, center chief technologist at the Marshall Space Flight Center and NASA program manager, said the now-completed project has moved the task of understanding and modeling silicon-germanium technology to a point where NASA engineers can start using it on actual vehicle designs. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The silicon-germanium extreme environments team was very successful in doing what it set out to do,\u0022 Keys said. \u0022They advanced the state-of-the-art in analog silicon-germanium technology for space use -- a crucial step in developing a new paradigm leading to lighter weight and more capable space vehicle designs.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKeys explained that, at best, most electronics conform to military specifications, meaning they function across a temperature range of minus-55 degrees Celsius to plus-125 degrees Celsius. But electronics in deep space are typically exposed to far greater temperature ranges, as well as to damaging radiation. The Moon\u0027s surface cycles between plus-120 Celsius during the lunar day to minus-180 Celsius at night. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe silicon-germanium electronics developed by the extreme environments team has been shown to function reliably throughout that entire plus-120 to minus-180 Celsius range. It is also highly resistant or immune to various types of radiation. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe conventional approach to protecting space electronics, developed in the 1960s, involves bulky metal boxes that shield devices from radiation and temperature extremes, Keys explained. Designers must place most electronics in a protected, temperature controlled central location and then connect them via long and heavy cables to sensors or other external devices. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy eliminating the need for most shielding and special cables, silicon-germanium technology helps reduce the single biggest problem in space launches -- weight. Moreover, robust SiGe circuits can be placed wherever designers want, which helps eliminate data errors caused by impedance variations in lengthy wiring schemes. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022For instance, the Mars Exploration Rovers, which are no bigger than a golf cart, use several kilometers of cable that lead into a warm box,\u0022 Keys said. \u0022If we can move most of those electronics out to where the sensors are on the robot\u0027s extremities, that will reduce cabling, weight, complexity and energy use significantly.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA Collaborative Effort\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENASA currently rates the new SiGe electronics at a technology readiness level of six, which means the circuits have been integrated into a subsystem and tested in a relevant environment. The next step, level seven, involves integrating the SiGe circuits into a vehicle for space flight testing. At level eight, a new technology is mature enough to be integrated into a full mission vehicle, and at level nine the technology is used by missions on a regular basis. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESuccessful collaboration was an important part of the silicon-germanium team\u0027s effectiveness, Keys said. He remarked that he had \u0022never seen such a diverse team work together so well.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProfessor Alan Mantooth, who led a large University of Arkansas contingent involved in modeling and circuit-design tasks, agreed. He called the project \u0022the most successful collaboration that I\u0027ve been a part of.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMantooth termed the extreme-electronics project highly useful in the education mission of the participating universities. He noted that a total of 82 students from six universities worked on the project over five years. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERichard W. Berger, a BAE Systems senior systems architect who collaborated on the project, also praised the student contributions. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0027\u0022To be working both in analog and digital, miniaturizing, and developing extreme-temperature and radiation tolerance all at the same time -- that\u0027s not what you\u0027d call the average student design project,\u0022 Berger said. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMiniaturizing an Architecture\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBAE Systems\u0027 contribution to the project included providing the basic architecture for the remote electronics unit (REU) sensor interface prototype developed by the team. That architecture came from a previous electronics generation: the now cancelled Lockheed Martin X-33 Spaceplane initially designed in the 1990s. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the original X-33 design, Berger explained, each sensor interface used an assortment of sizeable analog parts for the front end signal receiving section. That section was supported by a digital microprocessor, memory chips and an optical bus interface -- all housed in a protective five-pound box. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe extreme environments team transformed the bulky X-33 design into a miniaturized sensor interface, utilizing silicon germanium. The resulting SiGe device weighs about 200 grams and requires no temperature or radiation shielding. Large numbers of these robust, lightweight REU units could be mounted on spacecraft or data-gathering devices close to sensors, reducing size, weight, power and reliability issues. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBerger said that BAE Systems is interested in manufacturing a sensor interface device based on the extreme environment team\u0027s discoveries. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOther space-oriented companies are also pursuing the new silicon-germanium technology, Cressler said. NASA, he explained, wants the intellectual-property barriers to the technology to be low so that it can be used widely. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The idea is to make this infrastructure available to all interested parties,\u0022 he said. \u0022That way it could be used for any electronics assembly -- an instrument, a spacecraft, an orbital platform, lunar-surface applications, Titan missions \u2013 wherever it can be helpful. In fact, the process of defining such an NASA mission-insertion roadmap is currently in progress.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Assistance\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E). \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Cressler (404-894-5161)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:cressler@ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ecressler@ece.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E). \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA five-year project led by the Georgia Institute of Technology has developed a novel approach to space electronics that could change how space vehicles and instruments are designed. The new capabilities are based on silicon-germanium technology.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Silicon-germanium could change electronics for space vehicles."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2010-11-30 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:50","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-11-30T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2010-11-30T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"62995":{"id":"62995","type":"image","title":"Testing silicon-germanium devices","body":null,"created":"1449176409","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:00:09","changed":"1475894549","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:29","alt":"Testing silicon-germanium devices","file":{"fid":"191695","name":"tgw42582.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgw42582_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgw42582_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1286570,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tgw42582_0.jpg?itok=I5LHHCtL"}},"62996":{"id":"62996","type":"image","title":"Prototype device developed for NASA","body":null,"created":"1449176409","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:00:09","changed":"1475894549","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:29","alt":"Prototype device developed for NASA","file":{"fid":"191696","name":"tux42582.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tux42582_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tux42582_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1909829,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tux42582_0.jpg?itok=1O08E-zA"}},"62997":{"id":"62997","type":"image","title":"Testing silicon-germanium devices","body":null,"created":"1449176409","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:00:09","changed":"1475894549","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:29","alt":"Testing silicon-germanium devices","file":{"fid":"191697","name":"tny42582.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tny42582_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tny42582_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1323499,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tny42582_0.jpg?itok=eVdWiAF7"}}},"media_ids":["62995","62996","62997"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=123","title":"John Cressler"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"609","name":"electronics"},{"id":"408","name":"NASA"},{"id":"7617","name":"radiation"},{"id":"170841","name":"silicon-germanium"},{"id":"167146","name":"space"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"62601":{"#nid":"62601","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Engaged in $100 Million Next-Generation Computing Initiative","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EImagine that one of the world\u0027s most powerful high performance computers could be packed into a single rack just 24 inches wide and powered by a fraction of the electricity consumed by comparable current machines.  That would allow an unprecedented amount of computing power to be installed on aircraft, carried onto the battlefield for commanders -- and made available to researchers everywhere.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPutting this computing power into a small and energy-efficient package, and making it reliable and easier to program, are among the goals of the new DARPA Ubiquitous High Performance Computing (UHPC) initiative.  Georgia Tech researchers from three different units are supporting key components of this $100 million challenge, which will require development of revolutionary approaches not bound by existing computing paradigms.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf UHPC meets its ambitious eight-year goals, the new approaches and technologies it develops could redefine the way that computing systems are envisioned, designed and used.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The opportunity we have is to go far beyond the current product roadmaps,\u0022 said David Bader, a professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Computational Science and Engineering.  \u0022We really have the opportunity to change the industry and to design our applications with new computing architectures.  For the first time in the history of computing, we will be able to work with a clean slate.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo attain the program\u0027s ambitious goals, DARPA funded four groups -- led by NVIDIA Corp., Intel Corp., the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Sandia National Laboratories -- to develop UHPC prototypes.  A fifth group, led by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), will develop applications, benchmarking and metrics that will be used to drive UHPC system design considerations and support performance analysis of the developing system designs.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our team is developing a set of five difficult problems of a size and scope that the machines they are talking about should be able to accomplish,\u0022 said Dan Campbell, a GTRI principal research engineer who is co-principal investigator of the benchmarking initiative.  \u0022Our challenge is picking the right problems and specifying them at the right level of abstraction to allow innovation and properly represent what the DoD will need in 2018.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe five problems highlight the unique computing needs of the U.S. military:\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2022 Analysis of the vast streams of data originating with widespread sensor systems, unmanned aerial vehicles and new generations of radar systems.  The data will be analyzed for nuggets of useful information in ways that are not possible today.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2022 A dynamic graph challenge, in which many entities interact to create a problem of \u0022connecting the dots.\u0022  That could mean analyzing relationships in social media to find possible adversaries, or understanding network traffic for cyber-security challenges.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2022 The decision tree, comparable to a chess game in which many possible interconnected options, each with complex implications, must be analyzed quickly.  This could help field commanders or corporate CEOs make better decisions.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2022 Materials shock and hydrodynamics issues, challenges important to improving future generations of materials.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2022 Molecular dynamics simulations, which use high-performance computers to understand interactions between very large systems, such as protein folding.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We need to be able to take in a lot more data and understand it a lot more thoroughly than we can now,\u0022 said Mark Richards, a principal research engineer in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and co-principal investigator of the benchmarking team.  \u0022That might allow us to find adversaries we can\u0027t find now because we\u0027re unable to tease that information out of the data flow.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile the benefits of making such computing power widely available are obvious, how these machines will be designed, built and reliably operated is not.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Meeting these very ambitious program goals will pose significant technical challenges,\u0022 said Bader, who leads application development on the NVIDIA team and is part of the benchmarking group.  \u0022The technology roadmaps in such areas as interconnection networks, microprocessor design and technology fabrication will be pushed to their limits.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeeting power limitations of just 57 kilowatts per rack -- the amount of electricity produced by a portable military generator -- may be the toughest among them.  The fastest computer currently in operation requires seven megawatts of power.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Reducing the power consumption means less energy per computation,\u0022 noted Richards.  \u0022But as we lower the device voltage, we get closer to the physical noise.  That will allow more errors due to the physics of the devices, and all kinds of things will have to be done to address that.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd the entire machine will have to fit into a 24-inch wide, 78-inch high and 40-inch deep cabinet.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut the physical implementation of the machines is just one part of the challenge, Bader noted.  How people will work with them poses a perhaps more difficult challenge because it will require thinking about computers in a new way.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Over the past 20 or 30 years, we\u0027ve taken a single computing design and kept tweaking it through advances like miniaturizing parts,\u0022 he said.  \u0022But we really haven\u0027t changed the global nature of how the machine works. To meet DARPA\u0027s power efficiency goals, we really will need to change the way we program the machine.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat also affects the humans who interact with these highly-parallel machines, which could have as many as a half-million separate threads operating at the same time.  DARPA\u0027s initial goal is to build machines capable of petaflop speed -- a trillion operations per second -- which could lead into the next generation of exascale computers a thousand times more capable.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We will need to find new ways of thinking about computers that will make it feasible for humans to comprehend what is going on inside,\u0022 Campbell said. \u0022It\u0027s a huge programming challenge.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo encourage collaboration in solving these complex problems, DARPA has embraced the idea of open innovation.  It expects the organizations to work together on common critical topics, creating a collaborative environment to address the system challenges.  New technology generated by the program -- believed to be today\u0027s largest DoD computing research initiative -- is likely to move quickly into industry.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022There is certainly an expectation among the companies that what they are doing in this project is going to change how we do mainstream computing,\u0022 Bader said. \u0022The technology transfer implications are certainly obvious.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E); Stefany Sanders (404-894-7253)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:stefany@cc.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Estefany@cc.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"DARPA Program Will Put Petascale Computer into a 24-inch Cabinet"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers are engaged in a $100 million DARPA program to fit a high performance petaflop computer into a single rack just 24 inches wide and power it with a fraction of the electricity consumed by comparable current machines.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech is supporting a major new computing initiative."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2010-11-08 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:42","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-11-08T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2010-11-08T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"62602":{"id":"62602","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech UHPC researchers","body":null,"created":"1449176382","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:59:42","changed":"1475894544","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:24","alt":"Georgia Tech UHPC researchers","file":{"fid":"191520","name":"tmv30679.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmv30679_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmv30679_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1219104,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tmv30679_0.jpg?itok=KFRzR5oB"}},"62603":{"id":"62603","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech UHPC researchers","body":null,"created":"1449176382","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:59:42","changed":"1475894544","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:24","alt":"Georgia Tech UHPC researchers","file":{"fid":"191521","name":"tvn30679.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tvn30679_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tvn30679_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1879576,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tvn30679_0.jpg?itok=QQsbsgPU"}}},"media_ids":["62602","62603"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.cse.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Computational Science and Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"3427","name":"High performance computing"},{"id":"695","name":"petascale"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"61418":{"#nid":"61418","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Creates Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has created a new Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory (CTISL) to apply GTRI\u0027s broad expertise and systems engineering experience in cyber-related research to a wide range of information security issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECTISL researchers will develop cutting-edge capabilities that will allow trusted data to be sent across trusted networks to ensure effective missions for GTRI\u0027s customers. CTISL\u0027s work will focus on providing resilient command and control solutions to war fighters operating in contested environments, helping industry defend against cyber criminals, and safeguarding the nation\u0027s critical infrastructure.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The consolidation of GTRI\u0027s key cyber researchers, programs and resources under a single umbrella of shared research objectives will be a powerful driver in the development of new cyber solutions and technologies that will have an immediate impact on the United States,\u0022 said CTISL acting director Bo Rotoloni.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERotoloni, who was previously the deputy director of GTRI\u0022s Signature Technology Laboratory, brings to the job an understanding of GTRI\u0027s existing customers and a vision for developing new cyber research areas where the laboratory can apply its expertise. To develop and deploy advanced technologies to defend and deter cyber attacks against the United States, researchers in the new laboratory will pursue opportunities in various agencies within the U.S. Departments of Defense and Homeland Security; local, state and foreign ally governments; and commercial and private entities. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECTISL will also leverage basic research from across the Georgia Institute of Technology, as part of the Georgia Tech Information Security Center (GTISC). \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022At GTISC, real-world impact of our research programs is very important so we are excited that our faculty and students will be able to collaborate with researchers in the new Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory to help create cyber security solutions that will address real problems,\u0022 said GTISC director Mustaque Ahamad, who is a professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Computer Science. \u0022GTRI\u0027s expertise in developing such solutions complements our basic research and by working together, Georgia Tech will be well positioned to play a leadership role in this important field.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new research laboratory -- GTRI\u0027s eighth -- will be comprised of three divisions that will pursue an aggressive strategy to provide world-class support for enduring programs and integration of cutting-edge cyber solutions, emerging technology and policy, Rotoloni said. The three divisions include secure information systems, command and control mission assurance, and network vulnerability. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers in the secure information systems division design, develop and deploy enterprise information systems requiring state-of-the-art database, platform and Internet security. They are currently providing secure applications and cross-domain extensible markup language (XML) guards to the U.S. Department of Defense to enable sharing of compartmented data between networks. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the command and control mission assurance division, GTRI researchers will design and field resilient information systems. Cutting edge technologies, including secure network enclaves, virtualization, multi-level security, and adaptive quality of service management, will be applied to construct command and control systems for combat operations. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has been involved for more than six years with the U.S. military\u0027s Deployable Joint Command and Control system (DJC2) -- a self-contained, self-powered temporary headquarters facility. GTRI has been responsible for designing DJC2\u0027s information technology infrastructure since the initial prototype stage. The work has included networks, wired and wireless communications, as well as newer elements such as advanced peer-to-peer inter-networking convergence and satellite communication terminals. The GTRI team is currently developing a secure DJC2 wireless architecture, expected to become one of the few operational systems that is fully accredited for security.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Network-Centric Test and Training System (NeTTS) was also developed by GTRI researchers for command and control mission assurance. NeTTS is a family of non-intrusive test tools for distributed, network-centric environments that support test and training through the creation of realistic virtual environments. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022NeTTS has been used by all four military services, providing support during pre-test planning, test conduct and post-test analysis of a wide variety of communication networks and systems,\u0022 said Fred Wright, CTISL\u0027s deputy director and chief engineer.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the network vulnerability division, researchers will concentrate on exploiting and reconstructing information in the form of signals, communication protocols, applications and embedded systems. The division will also support various government agencies in countering adversary information networks. Threat countermeasures span a wide range from radio-frequency jamming\/denial-of-service to applied offensive computer network operations tactics.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this research area, GTRI is developing techniques to simulate hostile intrusion attempts into networks and other critical areas, a practice called \u0022red teaming\u0022 that uses a GTRI custom code library. Researchers have also developed a program called Spider Sense, which crawls the Internet and automatically exploits websites.  Researchers are also working with GTISC to develop and apply novel approaches to automatically identify and analyze emerging cyber threats, such as botnets.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERotoloni noted that GTRI has been working in the information security area since the 1990s.  With this new laboratory, he says, it will continue to develop the latest technologies in signal and protocol exploitation, web crawling, malware analysis, reverse engineering of embedded systems and applications, enterprise networks, database applications, and perimeter guards.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our national security and way of life depend on our ability to operate effectively in the vulnerable domain of cyberspace,\u0022 said Tom McDermott, interim director of GTRI. \u0022With the creation of this new laboratory, GTRI is showing its commitment to solving our nation\u0027s most difficult challenges in cyberspace.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986) or Kirk Englehardt (kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu; 404-407-7280)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"GTRI has created a new Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory (CTISL) to apply GTRI\u0027s broad expertise and systems engineering experience in cyber-related research to a wide range of information security issues.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New lab will maximize GTRI\u0027s broad experience in cyber research."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2010-10-04 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:31","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-10-04T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2010-10-04T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"61419":{"id":"61419","type":"image","title":"Fred Wright Bo Rotoloni","body":null,"created":"1449176337","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:58:57","changed":"1475894536","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:16","alt":"Fred Wright Bo Rotoloni","file":{"fid":"191352","name":"twv00777.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twv00777_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twv00777_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1264552,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/twv00777_0.jpg?itok=VnFsQM-_"}},"61420":{"id":"61420","type":"image","title":"GTRI CTISL leadership","body":null,"created":"1449176337","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:58:57","changed":"1475894536","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:16","alt":"GTRI CTISL leadership","file":{"fid":"191353","name":"twj00777.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twj00777_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twj00777_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1190159,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/twj00777_0.jpg?itok=yLEy__0C"}}},"media_ids":["61419","61420"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/ctisl","title":"GTRI Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"344","name":"cyber"},{"id":"10840","name":"cyber attacks"},{"id":"345","name":"cyber security"},{"id":"10839","name":"cyber technology"},{"id":"1366","name":"defense"},{"id":"2678","name":"information security"},{"id":"10675","name":"network security"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"60881":{"#nid":"60881","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Give Robots the Capability for Deceptive Behavior","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA robot deceives an enemy soldier by creating a false trail and hiding so that it will not be caught. While this sounds like a scene from one of the Terminator movies, it\u0027s actually the scenario of an experiment conducted by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology as part of what is believed to be the first detailed examination of robot deception.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We have developed algorithms that allow a robot to determine whether it should deceive a human or other intelligent machine and we have designed techniques that help the robot select the best deceptive strategy to reduce its chance of being discovered,\u0022 said Ronald Arkin, a Regents professor in the Georgia Tech School of Interactive Computing. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe results of robot experiments and theoretical and cognitive deception modeling were published online on Sept. 3 in the \u003Cem\u003EInternational Journal of Social Robotics\u003C\/em\u003E. Because the researchers explored the phenomena of robot deception from a general perspective, the study\u0027s results apply to robot-robot and human-robot interactions. This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the future, robots capable of deception may be valuable for several different areas, including military and search and rescue operations. A search and rescue robot may need to deceive in order to calm or receive cooperation from a panicking victim. Robots on the battlefield with the power of deception will be able to successfully hide and mislead the enemy to keep themselves and valuable information safe. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Most social robots will probably rarely use deception, but it\u0027s still an important tool in the robot\u0027s interactive arsenal because robots that recognize the need for deception have advantages in terms of outcome compared to robots that do not recognize the need for deception,\u0022 said the study\u0027s co-author, Alan Wagner, a research engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor this study, the researchers focused on the actions, beliefs and communications of a robot attempting to hide from another robot to develop programs that successfully produced deceptive behavior. Their first step was to teach the deceiving robot how to recognize a situation that warranted the use of deception. Wagner and Arkin used interdependence theory and game theory to develop algorithms that tested the value of deception in a specific situation. A situation had to satisfy two key conditions to warrant deception -- there must be conflict between the deceiving robot and the seeker, and the deceiver must benefit from the deception. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce a situation was deemed to warrant deception, the robot carried out a deceptive act by providing a false communication to benefit itself. The technique developed by the Georgia Tech researchers based a robot\u0027s deceptive action selection on its understanding of the individual robot it was attempting to deceive.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo test their algorithms, the researchers ran 20 hide-and-seek experiments with two autonomous robots. Colored markers were lined up along three potential pathways to locations where the robot could hide. The hider robot randomly selected a hiding location from the three location choices and moved toward that location, knocking down colored markers along the way. Once it reached a point past the markers, the robot changed course and hid in one of the other two locations. The presence or absence of standing markers indicated the hider\u0027s location to the seeker robot.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The hider\u0027s set of false communications was defined by selecting a pattern of knocked over markers that indicated a false hiding position in an attempt to say, for example, that it was going to the right and then actually go to the left,\u0022 explained Wagner.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe hider robots were able to deceive the seeker robots in 75 percent of the trials, with the failed experiments resulting from the hiding robot\u2019s inability to knock over the correct markers to produce the desired deceptive communication.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The experimental results weren\u0027t perfect, but they demonstrated the learning and use of deception signals by real robots in a noisy environment,\u0022 said Wagner. \u0022The results were also a preliminary indication that the techniques and algorithms described in the paper could be used to successfully produce deceptive behavior in a robot.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile there may be advantages to creating robots with the capacity for deception, there are also ethical implications that need to be considered to ensure that these creations are consistent with the overall expectations and well-being of society, according to the researchers.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We have been concerned from the very beginning with the ethical implications related to the creation of robots capable of deception and we understand that there are beneficial and deleterious aspects,\u0022 explained Arkin. \u0022We strongly encourage discussion about the appropriateness of deceptive robots to determine what, if any, regulations or guidelines should constrain the development of these systems.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis work was funded by Grant No. N00014-08-1-0696 from the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official view of ONR.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"Georgia Tech researchers have published the first detailed examination of robot deception. They developed algorithms that allow a robot to determine whether it should deceive, and help the robot select the best deceptive strategy to avoid getting caught.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers publish first detailed examination of robot deceptio"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2010-09-09 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:19","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-09-09T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2010-09-09T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"60882":{"id":"60882","type":"image","title":"Deceptive robots","body":null,"created":"1449176296","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:58:16","changed":"1475894528","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:08","alt":"Deceptive robots","file":{"fid":"191231","name":"tjs39795.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tjs39795_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tjs39795_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1307298,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tjs39795_0.jpg?itok=ulxW0TUZ"}},"60883":{"id":"60883","type":"image","title":"Ronald Arkin and Alan Wagner","body":null,"created":"1449176296","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:58:16","changed":"1475894531","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:11","alt":"Ronald Arkin and Alan Wagner","file":{"fid":"191232","name":"ttm39795.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttm39795_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttm39795_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1189345,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ttm39795_0.jpg?itok=OA_CnqI1"}},"60884":{"id":"60884","type":"image","title":"Research on deceptive robots","body":null,"created":"1449176296","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:58:16","changed":"1475894531","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:11","alt":"Research on deceptive robots","file":{"fid":"191233","name":"tqs39795.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tqs39795_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tqs39795_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1329267,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tqs39795_0.jpg?itok=FCnI07Fg"}}},"media_ids":["60882","60883","60884"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-010-0073-8","title":"International Journal of Social Robotics paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ic.gatech.edu\/people\/ronald-arkin","title":"Ronald Arkin"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/~alanwags\/","title":"Alan Wagner"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/","title":"College of Computing"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"5660","name":"algorithms"},{"id":"10604","name":"Deception"},{"id":"10610","name":"deceptive communication"},{"id":"10609","name":"false communication"},{"id":"10605","name":"Hiding"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"10606","name":"Military Operations"},{"id":"10607","name":"Reconnaissance"},{"id":"1356","name":"robot"},{"id":"10608","name":"robot communication"},{"id":"667","name":"robotics"},{"id":"168894","name":"search and rescue"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"60235":{"#nid":"60235","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Military Open-Source Software Could Increase Flexibility, Lower Cost","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are helping the U.S. military analyze and develop the advantages of open-source software -- programs that make their source code open to others so it can be changed and improved.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBringing many minds to bear on a given program can lead to software that is both high quality and low cost, or even free. For example, the Linux operating system, which licenses its basic source code for free, is now used to run many servers in companies, government and academia. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. military is interested in open source, too, because it offers the potential for increased speed and flexibility, among other advantages. Scientists and engineers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are working with military agencies to maximize the open-source potential. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe efforts include helping make source-code tools and applications available and practical for military use, and supporting the Second Annual Working Group (WG2) Aug. 2-5 in Washington, D.C. The first meeting of the Military Open Source (Mil-OSS) working group was held at Georgia Tech in August of 2009, attracting more than 120 people from the military, industry and academia and featuring some 40 speakers. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The military generally needs software changed quickly, but proprietary programs must be modified by the software\u0027s owners, which can take a long time,\u0022 said Joshua L. Davis, co-founder of the community, coordinator of the event and a GTRI research scientist. \u0022Open-source changes can be tackled by any member of a programming community and are usually delivered quickly, sometimes in hours.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMoreover, he added, the fact that open-source programs could be modified quickly in the field might become very important to the military. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnlike proprietary programs, open-source software is developed collaboratively by programmers around the world, as in the case of Linux. Open-source web sites, such as SourceForge.net, allow software users and programmers to locate and develop open source programs. SourceForge recently reported more than 230,000 registered software projects and more than two million registered users. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is a military equivalent of Sourceforge -- \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.forge.mil\u0022 title=\u0022www.forge.mil\u0022\u003Ewww.forge.mil\u003C\/a\u003E. This secure site supports collaborative development and use of open-source and DoD-community software. Forge.mil, led by the Defense Information Systems Agency, requires users to have specific DoD certificates to register. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Mil-OSS is an effort to build a grass-roots group across the DoD, potentially with international partners at some point,\u0022 Davis said. \u0022The aim is to bring software developers from the military and its contractors together to find opportunities for re-use and collaboration.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDavis envisions a soldier in a war zone having an urgent computing need that he or she can\u0027t provide -- perhaps a plug-in to add a needed feature. That soldier would place a request on the Mil-OSS website; a programmer in the U.S. could see it, write some code to satisfy the need, and then make that code available to the soldier. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022That\u0027s the way open source is done now in the civilian world,\u0022 Davis said. \u0022This approach could allow the military to be more effectively included in the collaboration process.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has already developed a secure web site that lets qualified users download the source code for software tools that are used to test tactical radio systems. The site allows GTRI personnel to communicate and collaborate with customers and other partners. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDavis is also developing a site that could become a repository for all open-source programs produced by Georgia Tech engineers and scientists. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Basically, this site will publish work being done throughout Georgia Tech and will give folks from industry and the military a place to look at our capabilities,\u0022 Davis said. \u0022Also, by concentrating all that functionality in one searchable repository, we can give GTRI and Georgia Tech people a place to look for existing programs and help avoid redundancy in software development.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe August Mil-OSS gathering will address the push for military adoption of open-source software and technology and its associated collaborative innovation philosophies. This year\u0027s conference will focus on cyber security, among other topics, and is non-classified -- open to all interested parties. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERegistration cost for the conference is $450 for attendees and $350 for speakers. The event will take place at the Waterview Conference Center in Washington. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor complete information on registration, attendance and other topics, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mil-oss.org\/\u0022 title=\u0022http:\/\/www.mil-oss.org\/\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.mil-oss.org\/\u003C\/a\u003E. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E). \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are helping the U.S. military analyze and develop the advantages of open-source software -- programs that make their source code open to others so it can be changed and improved.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech is helping military agencies adopt open source soft"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2010-07-27 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:15","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-07-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2010-07-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"60236":{"id":"60236","type":"image","title":"Tech Tower","body":null,"created":"1449176253","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:33","changed":"1475894523","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:03","alt":"Tech Tower","file":{"fid":"191079","name":"tac81885.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tac81885_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tac81885_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1761682,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tac81885_0.jpg?itok=qMiSkFst"}},"60237":{"id":"60237","type":"image","title":"Mil-OSS Meeting","body":null,"created":"1449176253","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:33","changed":"1475894523","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:03","alt":"Mil-OSS Meeting","file":{"fid":"191080","name":"tgc81885.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgc81885_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgc81885_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":545103,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tgc81885_0.jpg?itok=YP9kX1Mp"}}},"media_ids":["60236","60237"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"5155","name":"open source"},{"id":"167449","name":"software"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"60238":{"#nid":"60238","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech-Led Team Authors Comprehensive New Radar Technology Book","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA team consisting primarily of researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology has completed a new book on radar technology aimed at both students and professionals. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe book, \u003Cem\u003EPrinciples of Modern Radar: Basic Principles\u003C\/em\u003E, was authored by 15 radar engineers and scientists -- 12 of whom are associated or formerly associated with Georgia Tech. The 960-page work, published by SciTech Publishing Inc., was edited by Georgia Tech researchers Mark A. Richards, James A. Scheer and William A. Holm. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The genesis of this publication can be found in the highly-respected Georgia Tech professional education short course entitled Principles of Modern Radar, which was first offered over 40 years ago,\u0022 said Holm, a principal research scientist with the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and the associate vice provost for Distance Learning and Professional Education at Georgia Tech. \u0022This book will be used to support that course, or any course that offers a complete, comprehensive introduction to radar technology.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe new work, he added, should not be confused with a 1987 text, also entitled \u003Cem\u003EPrinciples of Modern Radar \u003C\/em\u003Eand written by some of the same authors. The current publication is an entirely new effort handled by a different publisher. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Radar technology has progressed very extensively during the last 20 years,\u0022 said Richards, who is a principal research engineer in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the book\u0027s editor-in-chief. \u0022The action today is in signal processing \u2013 that\u0027s where the technology has developed most significantly.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EConsequently, he said, the new book provides an extensive treatment of signal processing along with thorough overviews of radar technology, subsystems and phenomenology. It also covers such cutting-edge transmitter-receiver technologies as phased-array radars and radar exciters. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EScheer noted that \u003Cem\u003EPrinciples of Modern Radar: Basic Principles\u003C\/em\u003E is actually the first of a two-volume series. A volume on advanced radar concepts, largely by the same team of authors, is expected to be published by SciTech in 2011. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The rapid evolution of hardware computing power has enabled software signal-processing techniques that can do so much more with a given radar signal, and this new work reflects that tremendous change,\u0022 said Scheer, a retired GTRI engineer who continues to work and teach at Georgia Tech. \u0022I would call it a comprehensive presentation of radar technology that also contains a relatively high level of signal-processing content. It can serve as a basic-principles text for radar courses or as a reference for practicing engineers.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to the three editors, chapter contributors for \u003Cem\u003EPrinciples of Modern Radar: Basic Principles \u003C\/em\u003Einclude: Christopher Bailey, GTRI; William Dale Blair, GTRI: Joseph A. Bruder, GTRI; Nicholas C. Currie, GTRI; Randy J. Jost, Utah State University; Byron M. Keel, GTRI; David G. Long, Brigham Young University; Jay Saffold, Research Network Inc., formerly with GTRI; Paul E. Schmid, Engineering Systems Inc.; John Shaeffer, formerly with GTRI; Gregory A. Showman, GTRI, and Tracy Wallace, GTRI. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMore information on \u003Cem\u003EPrinciples of Modern Radar: Basic Principles \u003C\/em\u003Ecan be found on the Web at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.scitechpub.com\/pomr\/\u0022 title=\u0022http:\/\/www.scitechpub.com\/pomr\/\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.scitechpub.com\/pomr\/\u003C\/a\u003E. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E). \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA team consisting primarily of researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology has completed a new book on radar technology aimed at both students and professionals.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new book on radar technology captures Georgia Tech expertise."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2010-07-27 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:15","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-07-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2010-07-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"60239":{"id":"60239","type":"image","title":"Authors of radar book","body":null,"created":"1449176253","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:33","changed":"1475894523","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:03","alt":"Authors of radar book","file":{"fid":"191081","name":"tkx83377.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tkx83377_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tkx83377_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":982282,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tkx83377_0.jpg?itok=tIYfFcIu"}},"60240":{"id":"60240","type":"image","title":"Authors of radar book","body":null,"created":"1449176253","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:33","changed":"1475894523","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:03","alt":"Authors of radar book","file":{"fid":"191082","name":"teo83377.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/teo83377_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/teo83377_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1185111,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/teo83377_0.jpg?itok=yE9A6oz-"}}},"media_ids":["60239","60240"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2621","name":"radar"},{"id":"623","name":"Technology"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"60451":{"#nid":"60451","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New System Developed to Test and Evaluate High-Energy Laser Weapons","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETechnologies for using laser energy to destroy threats at a distance have been in development for many years.  Today, these technologies -- known as directed energy weapons -- are maturing to the point of becoming deployable. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHigh-energy lasers -- one type of directed energy weapon -- can be mounted on aircraft to deliver a large amount of energy to a far-away target at the speed of light, resulting in structural and incendiary damage. These lasers can be powerful enough to destroy cruise missiles, artillery projectiles, rockets and mortar rounds.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBefore these weapons can be used in the field, the lasers must be tested and evaluated at test ranges. The power and energy distribution of the high-energy laser beam must be accurately measured on a target board, with high spatial and temporal resolution.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) have developed a system to measure a laser\u0027s power and spatial energy distribution simultaneously by directing the laser beam onto a glass target board they designed. Ultimately, the reusable target board and beam diagnostic system will help accelerate the development of such high-energy laser systems and reduce the time required to make them operational for national security purposes.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The high-energy laser beam delivers its energy to a small spot on the target -- only a couple inches in diameter -- but the intensity is strong enough to melt steel,\u0022 said GTRI senior research scientist David Roberts. \u0022Our goal was to develop a method for determining how many watts of energy were hitting that area and how the energy distribution changed over time so that the lasers can be optimized.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI teamed with Leon Glebov of Orlando-based OptiGrate to design and fabricate a target board that could survive high-energy laser irradiation without changing its properties or significantly affecting the beam. The researchers selected OptiGrate\u2019s handmade photo-thermo-refractive glass -- a sodium-zinc-aluminum-silicate glass doped with silver, cerium and fluorine -- for the target board.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This glass is unique in that it is transparent, but also photosensitive like film so you can record holograms and other optical structures in the glass, then \u0027develop\u0027 them in a furnace,\u0022 explained Roberts.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers tweaked the optical characteristics of the glass so that the board would resist degradation and laser damage. OptiGrate also had to create a new mold to produce four-inch by four-inch pieces of the glass -- a size four times larger than OptiGrate had ever made before.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring testing, the four-inch-square target board is secured between a test target and a high-energy laser, and the beam irradiance profile on the board is imaged by a remote camera. The images are then analyzed to provide a contour map showing the power density -- watts per square inch -- at every location where the beam hit the target.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We can also simultaneously collect power measurements as a function of time with no extra equipment,\u0022 noted Roberts. \u0022Previously, measuring the total energy delivered by the laser required a ball calorimeter and temperature measurements had to be collected as the laser heated the interior of the ball. Now we can measure the total energy along with the total power and power density anywhere inside the beam more than one hundred times per second.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0027s prototype target boards and a high-energy laser beam profiling system that uses those boards were delivered to Kirtland Air Force Base\u0027s Laser Effects Test Facility in May. The researchers successfully demonstrated them using the facility\u0027s 50-kilowatt fiber laser and measured power densities as high as 10,000 watts per square centimeter without damaging the beam profiler. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EScaling the system up to larger target board sizes is possible, according to Roberts. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI research engineer Tim Norwood, GTRI research scientist Nathan Meraz and Georgia Tech mechanical engineering undergraduate student Matthew Vickers also contributed to this research.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project is supported by U.S. Army Award No. N61339-06-C-0046. The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official view of the U.S. Army.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986) or Kirk Englehardt (kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu; 404-407-7280)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at GTRI have developed a system that will accelerate high-energy laser development and reduce the time required to make them operational for national security purposes.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New system will help accelerate development of high-energy laser"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2010-08-17 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:15","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-08-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2010-08-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"60452":{"id":"60452","type":"image","title":"David Roberts GTRI","body":null,"created":"1449176267","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:47","changed":"1475894523","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:03","alt":"David Roberts GTRI","file":{"fid":"191128","name":"tko50957.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tko50957_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tko50957_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1386196,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tko50957_0.jpg?itok=6JJW8GDh"}},"60453":{"id":"60453","type":"image","title":"David Roberts GTRI","body":null,"created":"1449176267","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:47","changed":"1475894523","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:03","alt":"David Roberts GTRI","file":{"fid":"191129","name":"tmx50957.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmx50957_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmx50957_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":919734,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tmx50957_0.jpg?itok=umSszHlj"}},"60454":{"id":"60454","type":"image","title":"GTRI laser target board","body":null,"created":"1449176267","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:47","changed":"1475894523","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:03","alt":"GTRI laser target board","file":{"fid":"191130","name":"tvm50957.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tvm50957_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tvm50957_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":487949,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tvm50957_0.jpg?itok=mXpQ-k1C"}}},"media_ids":["60452","60453","60454"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"10409","name":"artillery"},{"id":"10408","name":"cruise missile"},{"id":"10407","name":"directed energy weapon"},{"id":"10404","name":"high-energy laser"},{"id":"10406","name":"laser energy"},{"id":"10410","name":"laser power"},{"id":"10411","name":"laser spatial energy distribution"},{"id":"10405","name":"laser target board"},{"id":"543","name":"National Security"},{"id":"10412","name":"photo-thermo-refractive glass"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"60485":{"#nid":"60485","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Powerful Processors May Threaten Password Security Systems","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIt\u0027s been called revolutionary -- technology that lends supercomputer-level power to any desktop. What\u0027s more, this new capability comes in the form of a readily available piece of hardware, a graphics processing unit (GPU) costing only a few hundred dollars. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers are investigating whether this new calculating power might change the security landscape worldwide. They\u0027re concerned that these desktop marvels might soon compromise a critical part of the world\u2019s cyber-security infrastructure -- password protection. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We\u0027ve been using a commonly available graphics processor to test the integrity of typical passwords of the kind in use here at Georgia Tech and many other places,\u0022 said Richard Boyd, a senior research scientist at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). \u0022Right now we can confidently say that a seven-character password is hopelessly inadequate -- and as GPU power continues to go up every year, the threat will increase.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDesigned to handle the ever-growing demands of computer games, today\u2019s top GPUs can process information at the rate of nearly two teraflops (a teraflop is a trillion floating-point operations per second). To put that in perspective, in the year 2000 the world\u0027s fastest supercomputer, a cluster of linked machines costing $110 million, operated at slightly more than seven teraflops. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGraphics processing units are so fast because they\u0027re designed as parallel computers. In parallel computing, a given problem is divided among multiple processing units, called cores, and these multiple cores tackle different parts of the problem simultaneously. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUntil recently, multi-core graphics processors -- which are made by either Nvidia Corp. or by AMD\u2019s ATI unit -- were hard to use for anything except producing graphics for a monitor. To solve a non-graphics problem on a GPU, users had to couch their problems in graphical terms, a difficult task. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut that changed in February 2007, when Nvidia released an important new software-development kit. These new tools allow users to directly program a GPU using the popular C programming language. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Once Nvidia did that, interest in GPUs really started taking off,\u0022 Boyd explained. \u0022If you can write a C program, you can program a GPU now.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis new capability puts power into many hands, he says. And it could threaten the world\u0027s ubiquitous password-protection model because it enables a low-cost password-breaking technique that engineers call \u0022brute forcing.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn brute forcing, attackers use a fast GPU (or even a group of linked GPUs) -- combined with the right software program -- to break down passwords that are blocking them from a computer or a network. The intruders\u0027 high-speed technique basically involves trying every possible password until they find the right one. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor many common passwords, that doesn\u0027t take long, said Joshua L. Davis, a GTRI research scientist involved in this project. For one thing, attackers know that many people use passwords comprised of easy-to-remember lowercase letters. Code-breakers typically work on those combinations first. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Length is a major factor in protecting against brute forcing a password,\u0022 Davis explained. \u0022A computer keyboard contains 95 characters, and every time you add another character, your protection goes up exponentially, by 95 times.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EComplexity also adds security, he says. Adding numbers, symbols and uppercase characters significantly increases the time needed to decipher a password. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDavis believes the best password is an entire sentence, preferably one that includes numbers or symbols. That\u0027s because a sentence is both long and complex, and yet easy to remember. He says any password shorter than 12 characters could be vulnerable -- if not now, soon. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWould-be password crackers have other advantages, says Carl Mastrangelo, an undergraduate student in the Georgia Tech College of Computing who is working on the password research. A computer stores user passwords in an encrypted \u0022hash\u0022 within the operating system. Attackers who locate a password hash can besiege it by building a rainbow table, which is essentially a database of all previous attempts to compromise that password hash. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Generating a rainbow table takes a long time,\u0022 Mastrangelo explained. \u0022But if an attacker wants to crack many passwords quickly, once he\u2019s built a rainbow table it might then only take about 10 minutes per password rather than several days.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESoftware programs designed to break passwords are freely available on the Internet, Boyd says. Such programs, combined with the availability of GPUs, mean it\u0027s only a matter of time before the password threat will be immediate. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBoyd hopes his password work will increase awareness of the GPU\u0027s potential for harm as well as benefit. One result of this research, he says, could be GPU-based workstations that would offer rapid assessments of a given password\u0027s real-world security strength. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Assistance\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E). \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers are investigating whether the power of graphics processing units might change the security landscape worldwide -- compromising a critical part of the world\u2019s cyber-security infrastructure: password protection.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Inexpensive hardware may facilitate password cracking."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2010-08-17 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:15","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-08-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2010-08-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"60486":{"id":"60486","type":"image","title":"Password security researchers","body":null,"created":"1449176267","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:47","changed":"1475894525","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:05","alt":"Password security researchers","file":{"fid":"191136","name":"trn78361.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/trn78361_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/trn78361_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1529771,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/trn78361_0.jpg?itok=OfwAOev0"}}},"media_ids":["60486"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"10420","name":"graphics processing units"},{"id":"10419","name":"passwords"},{"id":"167055","name":"security"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"60096":{"#nid":"60096","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Vaccine-Delivery Patch with Dissolving Microneedles Boosts Protection","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new vaccine-delivery patch based on hundreds of microscopic needles that dissolve into the skin could allow persons without medical training to painlessly administer vaccines -- while providing improved immunization against diseases such as influenza.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPatches containing micron-scale needles that carry vaccine with them as they dissolve into the skin could simplify immunization programs by eliminating the use of hypodermic needles -- and their \u0022sharps\u0022 disposal and re-use concerns. Applied easily to the skin, the microneedle patches could allow self-administration of vaccine during pandemics and simplify large-scale immunization programs in developing nations. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDetails of the dissolving microneedle patches and immunization benefits observed in experimental mice were reported July 18th in the advance online publication of the journal \u003Cem\u003ENature Medicine\u003C\/em\u003E. Conducted by researchers from Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology, the study is believed to be the first to evaluate the immunization benefits of dissolving microneedles. The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022In this study, we have shown that a dissolving microneedle patch can vaccinate against influenza at least as well, and probably better than, a traditional hypodermic needle,\u0022 said Mark Prausnitz, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EJust 650 microns in length and assembled into an array of 100 needles for the mouse study, the dissolving microneedles penetrate the outer layers of skin. Beyond their other advantages, the dissolving microneedles appear to provide improved immunity to influenza when compared to vaccination with hypodermic needles. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The skin is a particularly attractive site for immunization because it contains an abundance of the types of cells that are important in generating immune responses to vaccines,\u0022 said Richard Compans, professor of microbiology and immunology at Emory University School of Medicine. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the study, one group of mice received the influenza vaccine using traditional hypodermic needles injecting into muscle; another group received the vaccine through dissolving microneedles applied to the skin, while a control group had microneedle patches containing no vaccine applied to their skin. When infected with influenza virus 30 days later, both groups that had received the vaccine remained healthy while mice in the control group contracted the disease and died. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThree months after vaccination, the researchers also exposed a different group of immunized mice to flu virus and found that animals vaccinated with microneedles appeared to have a better \u0022recall\u0022 response to the virus and thus were able to clear the virus from their lungs more effectively than those that received vaccine with hypodermic needles. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Another advantage of these microneedles is that the vaccine is present as a dry formulation, which will enhance its stability during distribution and storage,\u0022 said Ioanna Skountzou, an Emory University assistant professor. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPressed into the skin, the microneedles quickly dissolve in bodily fluids, leaving only the water-soluble backing. The backing can be discarded because it no longer contains any sharps. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We envision people getting the patch in the mail or at a pharmacy and then self administering it at home,\u0022 said Sean Sullivan, the study\u2019s lead author from Georgia Tech. \u0022Because the microneedles on the patch dissolve away into the skin, there would be no dangerous sharp needles left over.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe microneedle arrays were made from a polymer material, poly-vinyl pyrrolidone, that has been shown to be safe for use in the body. Freeze-dried vaccine was mixed with the vinyl-pyrrolidone monomer before being placed into microneedle molds and polymerized at room temperature using ultraviolet light. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn many parts of the world, poor medical infrastructure leads to the re-use of hypodermic needles, contributing to the spread of diseases such as HIV and hepatitis B. Dissolving microneedle patches would eliminate re-use while allowing vaccination to be done by personnel with minimal training. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThough the study examined only the administration of flu vaccine with the dissolving microneedles, the technique should be useful for other immunizations. If mass-produced, the microneedle patches are expected to cost about the same as conventional needle-and-syringe techniques, and may lower the overall cost of immunization programs by reducing personnel costs and waste disposal requirements, Prausnitz said. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBefore dissolving microneedles can be made widely available, however, clinical studies will have to be done to assure safety and effectiveness. Other vaccine formulation techniques may also be studied, and researchers will want to better understand why vaccine delivery with dissolving microneedles has been shown to provide better protection. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond those already mentioned, the study involved Jeong-Woo Lee, Vladimir Zarnitsyn, Seong-O Choi and Niren Murthy from Georgia Tech, and Dimitrios Koutsonanos and Maria del Pilar Martin from Emory University. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The dissolving microneedle patch could open up many new doors for immunization programs by eliminating the need for trained personnel to carry out the vaccination,\u0022 Prausnitz said. \u0022This approach could make a significant impact because it could enable self-administration as well as simplify vaccination programs in schools and assisted living facilities.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon, Georgia Tech (404-894-6986) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E), Holly Korschun, Emory University (404-727-3990) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hkorsch@emory.edu\u0022\u003Ehkorsch@emory.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel Robinson, Georgia Tech (404-385-3364) (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E). \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Device Replaces Hypodermic Needles to Eliminate Sharp Waste"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new vaccine-delivery patch based on hundreds of microscopic needles that dissolve into the skin could allow persons without medical training to painlessly administer vaccines \u2013 while providing improved immunization against diseases such as influenza.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Dissolving microneedles offer a new vaccine-delivery solution"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2010-07-18 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:11","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-07-18T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2010-07-18T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"60097":{"id":"60097","type":"image","title":"Dissolving microneedles on fingertip","body":null,"created":"1449176239","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:19","changed":"1475894520","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:00","alt":"Dissolving microneedles on 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Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"296","name":"Flu"},{"id":"764","name":"immunization"},{"id":"765","name":"influenza"},{"id":"494","name":"Microneedle"},{"id":"170850","name":"skin"},{"id":"763","name":"vaccine"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"62112":{"#nid":"62112","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Two Robotic Aircraft \u0026 Ground Vehicle Collaborate at Rodeo","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are showing the U.S. Army an advanced approach to enabling autonomous collaboration among dissimilar robotic vehicles. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI system, called the Collaborative Unmanned Systems Technology Demonstrator (CUSTD), employs two small-scale aircraft and a full-size automobile to perform a complex, interactive mission without human intervention. The demonstration system uses onboard computers running advanced collaborative-vehicle software -- along with novel sensors and open standards-based communications and interfaces -- to create an autonomous system with unique capabilities. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0027s CUSTD system will take part in Robotics Rodeo 2010, scheduled for Oct. 12-15 at Fort Benning, Ga. The Rodeo is hosted by the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), based near Detroit. A number of invited robotic-research teams will demonstrate their work at the event. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We believe our system represents the leading edge of demonstrating collaborative autonomous vehicle capabilities,\u0022 said Lora Weiss, a principal research engineer who is a member of GTRI\u0027s Unmanned and Autonomous Systems team. \u0022This system demonstrates not only the collaborative interoperability possible among dissimilar vehicles, but also the numerous sensing technologies that can be included onboard as interchangeable payloads -- chemical and infrared sensors, still and video cameras, and sophisticated signal- and data-processing.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI system uses two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that have nine-foot wingspans, seven-pound scientific-instrument payloads, and global positioning systems (GPS) for navigation. The unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is a full-size Porsche Cayenne. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe aircraft require human guidance during takeoff, but while aloft they become autonomous for both navigation and target-locating tasks. The Porsche -- the same \u201cSting\u201d vehicle entered by Georgia Tech in the DARPA Urban Challenge -- is fully autonomous. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The vehicles\u0027 very dissimilarity helps them collaborate effectively,\u0022 said Charles Pippin, a GTRI research scientist who led the CUSTD effort. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFast-moving unmanned air vehicles, he explained, can find targets over a wide area, but their altitude and the limitations of their lightweight sensors can lessen the quality of gathered data. However, the UAVs can call in an unmanned ground vehicle -- equipped with large, complex sensors and cameras -- to analyze the target location more fully. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPersonnel from several GTRI units have participated in the CUSTD effort, said Pippin, who like Weiss is a member of GTRI\u0027s Unmanned and Autonomous Systems team. CUSTD\u0027s current capabilities are based on extensive research and testing, including more than 50 test flights conducted at Fort Benning and other locations throughout the past year. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA demonstration opportunity such as the Robotics Rodeo, Pippin said, allows researchers to dramatize how well multiple autonomous robots can now collaborate. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022It\u0027s hard to illustrate the effectiveness of collaborative interoperability and autonomy algorithms in a simulation,\u0022 he said. \u0022When onlookers see the technology demonstrated on hardware platforms, then it becomes very real.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a typical CUSTD scenario, the two aircraft search for an existing target over a wide area. When one plane spots the target, it radios its location using GPS coordinates to the unmanned ground vehicle, which then finds its way around buildings and along roads to the target. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, the unmanned air vehicle over the target can ask the second aircraft to fly to the target and use its sensors to further analyze the situation. Such flexibility can be important, Pippin said, because UAVs are often outfitted with different sensors due to weight and cost considerations. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne technique that is still under development at GTRI -- and is proving valuable for vehicle collaboration -- is called market-based auctions, Pippin said. This approach uses an \u0022auction\u0022 type of algorithm that lets robotic vehicles \u0022bid\u0022 on a given task. Using this method, unmanned vehicles can autonomously divide up work on the spot in the most efficient way. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn an auction-technology scenario, an unmanned air vehicle over a target might send out a bid to other nearby UAVs, asking which among those airplanes that are outfitted with a particular sensor is closest to the target. The UAV that best complies with both requirements \u2013 equipment and proximity -- wins the bid. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a GTRI experiment, unmanned air vehicles using a market-based approach reduced the travel required to complete a task by nearly 50 percent. The result was a substantial saving in both time and fuel. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWeiss explained that GTRI\u0027s CUSTD system is standards compliant, an important consideration in current defense-technology development. All GTRI autonomous-system designs now comply with the Standard Interface of the Unmanned Control System for NATO UAV interoperability (STANAG 4586) and with the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) scripting language. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022By developing these systems to be STANAG and JAUS compliant, we\u0027re building in future interoperability with other unmanned systems produced by different vendors,\u0022 Weiss said. \u0022If upcoming systems are going to be able to communicate, as well as operate with the control-system designs now being developed, they\u2019ll need to be standards compliant.\u0022 \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe CUSTD system also makes use of FalconView\u2122, a Windows-based mapping application developed by GTRI for the Department of Defense. FalconView supports many map types, such as aeronautical charts, satellite images and elevation maps. FalconView can be used by a ground-based station to monitor and control the system. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the past several years, GTRI has been bringing autonomous vehicle research under one umbrella that includes all aspects of systems-payload, sensor, autonomy logic and collaborative operations. Research now also includes unmanned underwater vehicles and space vehicles. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Robotics Rodeo will consist of two separate events. The Extravaganza is open to the public. The Robotic Technology Observation, Demonstration and Discussion (RTOD2), closed to the public, allows research teams to demonstrate their technologies to government observers and contractors. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003EAtlanta, Georgia 30318 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel Robinson (404-385-3364). \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are showing the U.S. Army an advanced approach to enabling autonomous collaboration among dissimilar robotic vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Engineers are demonstrating collaboration of air \u0026 ground vehicles."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2010-10-12 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:04:08","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2010-10-12T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2010-10-12T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"62113":{"id":"62113","type":"image","title":"Three robotic vehicles","body":null,"created":"1449176355","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:59:15","changed":"1475894471","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:41:11","alt":"Three robotic vehicles","file":{"fid":"191398","name":"tbg15582.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbg15582_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbg15582_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":412588,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tbg15582_0.jpg?itok=gYRulYmw"}},"62114":{"id":"62114","type":"image","title":"Inspecting robotic aircraft","body":null,"created":"1449176355","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:59:15","changed":"1475894471","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:41:11","alt":"Inspecting robotic aircraft","file":{"fid":"191399","name":"tiq15582.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tiq15582_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tiq15582_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1311341,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tiq15582_0.jpg?itok=2jKKCMwc"}},"62115":{"id":"62115","type":"image","title":"Preflight inspection of aircraft","body":null,"created":"1449176355","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:59:15","changed":"1475894481","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:41:21","alt":"Preflight inspection of aircraft","file":{"fid":"191400","name":"tbv15582.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbv15582_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbv15582_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1516289,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tbv15582_0.jpg?itok=9nPbCQlf"}}},"media_ids":["62113","62114","62115"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1833","name":"aircraft"},{"id":"7264","name":"autonomous"},{"id":"10939","name":"collaborate"},{"id":"2552","name":"robotic"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"48132":{"#nid":"48132","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Team Wins Key Insights - and Second Place - in DARPA Challenge","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA national competition aimed at quickly locating 10 red weather balloons tethered at locations across the United States has netted a second-place finish for a Georgia Tech team -- along with a set of new insights into the use of social networks for gathering information.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the DARPA Network Challenge attracted hundreds of teams to tackle the problem of how to locate the balloons, which were positioned Dec. 5 at locations ranging from San Francisco and Portland to Memphis and Miami.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology won the $40,000 prize for correctly locating all 10 balloons.  A team led by researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) found nine of the 10 balloons during the nine-hour competition.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDARPA\u0027s interest in the competition was in assessing how social networks could be used to address massive information-gathering tasks.  In addition to its research component, the challenge also marked the 40th anniversary of the ARPANET, the forerunner of today\u0027s Internet.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers Erica Briscoe and Ethan Trewhitt began discussing the challenge in early November, and quickly organized a core team of seven co-workers.  They established a Web site and began using Facebook and word-of-mouth communications to build a network that eventually included more than a thousand people pledged to help.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of their initial decisions was that if they should win, the prize would be donated to the American Red Cross -- rather than being split among the team members and balloon spotters.  Team members believe that was important to attracting altruistic volunteers.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOne thing that surprised us was that many balloon reporters specifically chose our team because we had decided to donate the winnings,\u201d said Betty Whitaker, a GTRI principal research scientist who helped coordinate the team.  \u201cWe pledged any winnings to charity to encourage recruitment and avoid complicated issues with money after the contest.\u201d\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother key was establishing the Web site \u201cI Spy A Red Balloon,\u201d which built a high ranking on Google thanks to references on established Web sites.  That allowed the team to attract people who may have seen a red balloon on Dec. 5 and wondered what was going on.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThough we focused on getting the word out to the public prior to launch day, our strong presence on that day made it possible for people who were unaware of the competition to find our team after running across a balloon,\u201d explained Trewhitt, a GTRI research engineer. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team also connected established networks and used the news media to get information out to potential balloon-spotters.  Beyond those who pledged to help, thousands more people knew about the effort and would have made contact had they seen a balloon.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut as with popular social networking services, not everybody could be trusted.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cBecause teams were commonly infiltrated by members of competing teams, one of the toughest parts of this competition was not being able to trust any particular members of the group,\u201d Trewhitt added.  \u201cThis led us to realize that trust in large groups is a tricky issue -- and a topic for future research.\u201d\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn competition day, which began at 10 a.m. with balloons being raised in the 10 previously-undisclosed locations, team members searched Twitter and Facebook for news of balloon sightings.  They called friends, family and local businesses to validate alleged sightings, and analyzed incoming photographs to spot fakes and confirm the location of authentic red balloons.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThey also used a variety of tools, some of which they built, to help track sightings.  Their Web site, for instance, used Google Maps to summarize reports.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough the GTRI team didn\u0027t win the top prize, its leaders believe the effort established credibility and planted seeds for future research projects.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe would like to study issues of trust in large social networks, as well as how to extract and validate useful and correct information from un-moderated online media such as Twitter,\u201d said Erica Briscoe, a GTRI research scientist.  \u201cTwitter is often the fastest medium for notification of real-time events because it is unfiltered and raw.  It would be useful to research methods for determining the accuracy and authenticity of rumors in this type of environment.\u201d\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe competition also showed how much could be done on a budget of just $200, which was what the \u201cI Spy A Red Balloon\u201d team spent in total.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor its part, the agency also seemed pleased with what the teams had done.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201c[The DARPA Network] Challenge explores basic research issues such as mobilization, collaboration and trust in diverse social networking constructs, and could serve to fuel innovation across a wide spectrum of applications,\u201d the agency said in a news release.  \u201cDARPA plans to meet with teams to review the approaches and strategies used to build networks, collect information and participate in the Challenge.\u201d\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond those already mentioned, the team also included Stephen Cuzzort, Jessica Pater, Rick Presley and Miles Thompson, all from the Georgia Tech Research Institute.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"A national competition aimed at quickly locating 10 red weather balloons tethered at locations across the United States has netted a second-place finish for a Georgia Tech team -- along with a set of new insights into the use of social networks for gathering information.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A GTRI team placed second in a competition on social networking"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2009-12-11 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:04:04","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-12-11T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2009-12-11T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"48133":{"id":"48133","type":"image","title":"Atlanta balloon","body":null,"created":"1449175379","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:42:59","changed":"1475894455","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:55","alt":"Atlanta balloon","file":{"fid":"101268","name":"red-balloons.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/red-balloons_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/red-balloons_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1695862,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/red-balloons_0.jpg?itok=VCJad8t9"}},"48134":{"id":"48134","type":"image","title":"Team working","body":null,"created":"1449175379","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:42:59","changed":"1475894455","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:55","alt":"Team working","file":{"fid":"101269","name":"tyu56851.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tyu56851_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tyu56851_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1389965,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tyu56851_0.jpg?itok=tQVj-Wy6"}},"48135":{"id":"48135","type":"image","title":"Map of balloons","body":null,"created":"1449175379","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:42:59","changed":"1475894455","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:55","alt":"Map of balloons","file":{"fid":"101270","name":"tzg56851.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tzg56851_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tzg56851_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":288808,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tzg56851_0.jpg?itok=aBH1-zEi"}}},"media_ids":["48133","48134","48135"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"143","name":"Digital Media and Entertainment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"4100","name":"challenge"},{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"1620","name":"Information"},{"id":"1144","name":"networking"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"47445":{"#nid":"47445","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Air Force Center of Excellence Awarded to Georgia Tech","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology has been awarded a U.S. Air Force Center of Excellence to design nanostructures for energy harvesting and adaptive materials, and to develop tools to optimize critical cognitive processes of the modern warfighter. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe $10.5 million Center, known as the Bio-nano-enabled Inorganic\/Organic Nanostructures and Improved Cognition (BIONIC) center, is being led by Vladimir Tsukruk and Kenneth Sandhage, professors in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Materials Science and Engineering. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Advanced materials is an area of importance for the Air Force since the landscape of materials science is rapidly changing and bio-nano-materials are classes of pervasive materials that exhibit unique capabilities and have the potential to address Air Force needs,\u0022 explained Rajesh Naik, a scientist in the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. \u0022In addition, improved cognition tools are required for assessing the cognitive ability of the warfighter as we ask for more from our human operators in the most demanding environments.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe BIONIC center includes a group of core members from six departments within the Georgia Tech Colleges of Sciences and Engineering, a researcher at The Ohio State University, and scientists and engineers at AFRL. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company is also an industrial collaborator.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFunding for the Center of Excellence is provided by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and Human Effectiveness Directorate of AFRL, the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Georgia Tech. The initial award is for three years, with the possibility of an additional two-year extension.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Georgia Tech was chosen to lead this Center of Excellence because of its investment in infrastructure development, including new facilities and instrumentation; its recruitment of high-caliber faculty members and students; and its emphasis in bio-nanotechnology and cognitive sciences,\u0022 said Morley Stone, chief scientist of the Human Performance Wing of AFRL\u0027s Human Effectiveness Directorate.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are three major research thrusts, called interdisciplinary research groups, within the BIONIC center. Each group contains several collaborators from AFRL\u0027s Materials and Manufacturing Directorate or Human Effectiveness Directorate.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the first thrust, which is led by Sandhage, researchers are designing, fabricating, characterizing and modeling the performance of inorganic\/organic nanocomposites for efficient, remote energy-harvesting devices, such as photovoltaics and batteries. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The U.S. Air Force utilizes autonomous drones that they would like to operate for longer periods of time,\u0022 explained co-director Sandhage, who holds the B. Mifflin Hood Professorship in the School of Materials Science and Engineering and an adjunct position in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry. \u0022To do that, they need a cost-effective energy source that can perform efficiently for extended periods of time, while also providing high pulses of power when needed.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETsukruk is leading the second interdisciplinary research group, which is focused on designing, fabricating, characterizing and simulating the performance of inorganic\/organic nanocomposites for tunable, adaptive materials.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022When these adaptive materials are exposed to heat or light or both, they will change their properties in ways that will be useful for sensing or morphing surfaces,\u0022 said co-director Tsukruk, who also holds a joint appointment in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe third thrust is being led by Michelle LaPlaca, an associate professor in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University. LaPlaca and her team plan to develop tools and assessment methods to optimize critical cognitive processes of the modern warfighter.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022U.S. Air Force analysts must remain attentive to computers and controls for hours at a time, so we aim to find a molecular signature of cognition that is sensitive to changes in stress levels and correlate these molecules with functional brain maps using magnetic resonance imaging techniques,\u0022 said LaPlaca. \u0022We want to learn about a warfighter\u0027s physiological response to different situations and use this information to optimize training and work effectiveness.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to its research objectives, another goal for the Center of Excellence is to conduct stimulating collaborative research that will motivate students to consider working at AFRL.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022At Georgia Tech, we\u0027ve had a history of sending outstanding alumni to work at AFRL, including three of our recent Ph.D. graduates. As students, they were able to collaborate with researchers at AFRL and spend extended periods of time at the AFRL facilities, which opened their eyes to AFRL\u0027s exciting opportunities and dynamic research atmosphere,\u0022 said Sandhage.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther core members of the Center include Regents\u0027 Professor Mostafa El-Sayed, professor Seth Marder and assistant professor Nils Kroger from the Georgia Tech School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; professor Bernard Kippelen from the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Shella Keilholz, an assistant professor in the Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eric Schumacher, an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech School of Psychology; and Hamish Fraser, a professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at The Ohio State University.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers will be added to this core group as early as next year, when the Center begins awarding seed grants to Georgia Tech faculty members.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The goal of this seed grant program is to establish new connections to talented Georgia Tech faculty members that can result in long-term relationships and fruitful collaborations with the U.S. Air Force,\u0022 added Sandhage.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Air Force under Award No. FA9550-09-1-0162. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the principal investigators and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Air Force.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"BIONIC Center Will Focus on Nanostructures and Improved Cognition"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Georgia Tech was awarded a $10.5 million U.S. Air Force Center of Excellence to design nanostructures for energy harvesting and adaptive materials, and to develop tools to optimize critical cognitive processes of the modern warfighter.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Air Force Center of Excellence awarded to Georgia Tech"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2009-12-01 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:49","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-12-01T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2009-12-01T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"47450":{"id":"47450","type":"image","title":"Ken Sandhage Thumbnail","body":null,"created":"1449175107","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:38:27","changed":"1475894442","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:42","alt":"Ken Sandhage Thumbnail","file":{"fid":"101216","name":"Ken.Sandhage.100_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Ken.Sandhage.100_0_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Ken.Sandhage.100_0_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":32939,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Ken.Sandhage.100_0_0.jpg?itok=mzHrjVY6"}},"47446":{"id":"47446","type":"image","title":"Ken Sandhage","body":null,"created":"1449175107","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:38:27","changed":"1475894442","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:42","alt":"Ken Sandhage","file":{"fid":"101212","name":"tme79646.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tme79646_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tme79646_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1240835,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tme79646_0.jpg?itok=xYbgRky1"}},"47447":{"id":"47447","type":"image","title":"Vladimir Tsukruk","body":null,"created":"1449175107","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:38:27","changed":"1475894442","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:42","alt":"Vladimir Tsukruk","file":{"fid":"101213","name":"tfj79646.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfj79646_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfj79646_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1603065,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tfj79646_0.jpg?itok=CicXM5o5"}},"47448":{"id":"47448","type":"image","title":"Michelle LaPlaca","body":null,"created":"1449175107","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:38:27","changed":"1475894442","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:42","alt":"Michelle LaPlaca","file":{"fid":"101214","name":"tix79646.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tix79646_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tix79646_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":989237,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tix79646_0.jpg?itok=b-P-1A2n"}}},"media_ids":["47450","47446","47447","47448"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.bionicafcoe.gatech.edu\/","title":"BIONIC Center of Excellence"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.mse.gatech.edu\/FacultyStaff\/MSE_Faculty_researchbios\/Tsukruk\/tsukruk.html","title":"Vladimir Tsukruk"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.mse.gatech.edu\/FacultyStaff\/MSE_Faculty_researchbios\/Sandhage\/sandhage.html","title":"Prof. Ken Sandhage"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/facultystaff\/faculty_record.php?id=20","title":"Michelle LaPlaca"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7826","name":"Batteries"},{"id":"7828","name":"Bionanomaterials"},{"id":"2014","name":"Cognition"},{"id":"7827","name":"Cognitive Processes"},{"id":"436","name":"electricity"},{"id":"213","name":"energy"},{"id":"4249","name":"inorganic"},{"id":"1692","name":"materials"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"6189","name":"Nanocomposites"},{"id":"1785","name":"nanomaterials"},{"id":"2289","name":"organic"},{"id":"953","name":"photovoltaics"},{"id":"3517","name":"power"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["avogel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"72198":{"#nid":"72198","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Nanocomposite Process Improves Capacitors","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new technique for creating films of barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles in a polymer matrix could allow fabrication of improved capacitors able to store twice as much energy as conventional devices.  The improved capacitors could be used in consumer devices such as cellular telephones - and in defense applications requiring both high energy storage and rapid current discharge.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause of its high dielectric properties, barium titanate has long been of interest for use in capacitors, but until recently materials scientists had been unable to produce good dispersion of the material within a polymer matrix.  By using tailored organic phosphonic acids to encapsulate and modify the surface of the nanoparticles, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology\u0027s Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics were able to overcome the particle dispersion problem to create uniform nanocomposites.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our team has developed nanocomposites that have a remarkable combination of high dielectric constant and high dielectric breakdown strength,\u0022 said Joseph W. Perry, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics.  \u0022For capacitors and related applications, the amount of energy you can store in a material is related to those two factors.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new nanocomposite materials have been tested at frequencies of up to one megahertz, and Perry says operation at even higher frequencies may be possible.  Though the new materials could have commercial application without further improvement, their most important contribution may be in demonstrating the new encapsulation technique - which could have broad applications in other nanocomposite materials.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This work opens a door to effectively exploit this type of particle in nanocomposites using the coating technology we have demonstrated,\u0022 explained Perry. \u0022There are many ways we can envision making advances beyond what we\u0027ve done already.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe results were reported in the April 2007 edition (Vol. 19, issue 7) of the journal \u003Cem\u003EAdvanced Materials\u003C\/em\u003E.  The research was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation.  Georgia Tech has filed a patent application on the nanoparticle encapsulation technique.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause of their ability to store and rapidly discharge electrical energy, capacitors are used in a variety of consumer products such as computers and cellular telephones.  And because of the increasing demands for electrical energy to power vehicles and new equipment, they also have important military applications.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKey to developing thin-film capacitor materials with higher energy storage capacity is the ability to uniformly disperse nanoparticles in as high a density as possible throughout the polymer matrix.  However, nanoparticles such as barium titanate tend to form aggregates that reduce the ability of the nanocomposite to resist electrical breakdown.  Other research groups have tried to address the dispersal issue with a variety of surface coatings, but those coatings tended to come off during processing - or to create materials compatibility issues.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech research team decided to address the issue by using organic phosphonic acids to encapsulate the particles.  The tailored organic phosphonic acid ligands, designed and synthesized by a research group headed by Seth Marder - a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Chemistry and Biochemistry - provide a robust coating for the particles, which range in size from 30 to 120 nanometers in diameter. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Phosphonic acids bind very well to barium titanate and to other related metal oxides,\u0022 Perry said.  \u0022The choice of that material and ligands were very effective in allowing us to take the tailored phosphonic acids, put them onto the barium titanate, and then with the correct solution processing, to incorporate them into polymer systems. This allowed us to provide good compatibility with the polymer hosts - and thus very good dispersion as evidenced by a three- to four-fold decrease in the average aggregate size.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough large crystals of barium titanate could also provide a high dielectric constant, they generally do not provide adequate resistance to breakdown - and their formation and growth can be complex and require high temperatures.  Composites provide the necessary electrical properties, along with the advantages of solution-based processing techniques.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022One of the big benefits of using a polymer nanocomposite approach is that you combine particles of a material that provide desired properties in a matrix that has the benefits of easy processing,\u0022 Perry explained.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough the new materials may already offer enough of an advantage to justify commercializing, Perry believes there are additional opportunities for boosting their performance.  The research team also wants to scale up production to make larger samples - now produced in two-inch by three-inch films - available to other researchers who may wish to develop additional applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPerry and Marder are working with Bernard Kippelen, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, on the use of these new nanocomposites in organic thin-film transistors in which solution-based techniques are used to fabricate inexpensive electronic components.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Beyond capacitors, there are many areas where high dielectric materials are important, such as field-effect transistors, displays and other electronic devices,\u0022 Perry added.  \u0022With our material, we can provide a high dielectric layer that can be incorporated into those types of applications.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, the research team included Philseok Kim, Simon Jones, Peter Hotchkiss and Joshua Haddock.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: Joe Perry (404-385-6046); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:joe.perry@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejoe.perry@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Nanoparticle technique could double energy storage for defense and consumer uses"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"A new technique for creating films of barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles in a polymer matrix could allow fabrication of improved capacitors able to store twice as much energy as conventional devices.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Improved nanoparticles could boost capacitors"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2007-04-26 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:29","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2007-04-26T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2007-04-26T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"72199":{"id":"72199","type":"image","title":"Researchers with capacitor array","body":null,"created":"1449177446","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:26","changed":"1475894651","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:11"},"72200":{"id":"72200","type":"image","title":"Capacitor research team","body":null,"created":"1449177446","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:26","changed":"1475894651","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:11"},"72201":{"id":"72201","type":"image","title":"Comparison of materials","body":null,"created":"1449177446","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:26","changed":"1475894651","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:11"}},"media_ids":["72199","72200","72201"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.chemistry.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Chemistry and Biochemistry"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cope.gatech.edu\/","title":"COPE"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.chemistry.gatech.edu\/faculty\/Perry\/","title":"Joseph Perry\\\u0027s home page"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7564","name":"capacitor"},{"id":"7563","name":"nanocomposite"},{"id":"2054","name":"nanoparticle"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"72242":{"#nid":"72242","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Win $3.5 Million to Improve Wireless","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA Georgia Institute of Technology research team has received a $3.5 million grant to use tiny, power-saving analog chips to develop portable communications technology capable of scanning a broad range of radio-frequency (RF) bands for open channels.  \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe resulting analog spectral processors (ASP), to be developed at the Georgia Electronic Design Center (GEDC), would have a range of uses, from aiding battlefield communication to enabling cellular phones to find less-crowded frequencies. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EASP technology is related to the \u0027cognitive radio\u0027 (CR) concept, which involves utilizing less-busy frequencies for optimal cell-phone and radio performance. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFarrokh Ayazi, a GEDC researcher who is co-director of the Center for MEMS and Microsystems Technology (CMMT), is principal investigator on the project.  The project, led by BAE Systems Inc, has received $11 million from DARPA, of which $3.5 million will go to Georgia Tech over three years.  Purdue University is also on the BAE Systems team.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The project\u0027s goal is basically to create a small, low-power handheld device that combines a spectrum analyzer and a truly powerful communication device,\u0022 said Ayazi, who is an associate professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE).  \u0022The spectrum analyzer would scan the frequency spectrum all the way from 20 MHz to 6 GHz to find empty spots -- channels that are receiving less use.\u0022\t\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis extensive range would allow ASPs to be useful in a range of applications, Ayazi said.  Such a wide-band spectral processor would help soldiers switch channels quickly to avoid enemy jamming measures at military-use frequencies, while also enhancing military and civilian communications at other frequencies.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Prof. Ayazi\u0027s award continues to establish the GEDC as a world leader in the development of technologies for cognitive radio applications,\u0022 said Joy Laskar, GEDC\u0027s director and the Schlumberger Chair in Microelectronics in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.  \u0022The GEDC is a major player in the IEEE 802.22 CR standard, and this award will look to provide critical enabling analog-technology blocks that should impact both the DoD and commercial markets.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETwo other DARPA-funded teams are also working on spectral processors. A Rockwell-led team includes the University of San Diego, Stanford and Cornell University, while Honeywell is leading a team includes the University of California Berkeley and the University of Pennsylvania.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECentral to the BAE Systems\/Georgia Tech\/Purdue effort will be extensive use of analog micro- and nano-mechanical circuits, rather than digital circuits, in designing spectral processors.  In the analog domain, chips and other devices work by moving between signal levels in a continuous fashion, while digital chips and devices move between separate and discontinuous levels and do not recognize the transition between levels. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMicromechanical circuits have a number of advantages over electronic digital chips. They typically use far less power and run cooler than digital circuits, and are also smaller, offer much better communications quality, and are relatively inexpensive to manufacture.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022What we\u0027re proposing is to solve the cognitive-radio problem in the analog domain rather than the digital domain, with virtually no added power,\u0022 Ayazi said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo develop analog spectral processors, the Georgia Tech team will use micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), which are tiny analog machines that operate at the microscale - one millionth of a meter.   \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo scan and move swiftly between far-flung frequencies, the researchers will use MEMS technology in constructing arrays of micro-mechanical resonators, also known as bulk acoustic-wave (BAW) resonators.  These devices play a role in finding and holding a radio-frequency signal.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn constructing extensive arrays of signal-seeking BAW resonators, researchers must choose between two approaches.  One is to use resonators to create an array of many fixed filters -- each tuned to a specific frequency -- that will cover the entire spectrum.  The other approach involves tunable filters that can move back and forth to some degree between frequencies. Ayazi said that further research will determine the optimal approach.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe structural material of choice for acoustic-wave resonators will be nano-crystalline diamond, micro-machined to reach frequencies of up to 10 GHz. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers will also use silver, the highest-conductivity metal, in micro-machining the analog arrays. Silver will aid in achieving high-quality inductors and capacitors, the components that aid tuning to a specific frequency.   \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This is a very exciting challenge, and it also involves a lot of advancement in the packaging technology for MEMS,\u0022 Ayazi said.  \u0022These ultra-small micro-mechanical components must be free to move, so the packaging is totally different than the traditional integrated circuit.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe explained that the packaging material - \u0027the substance that holds and protects the ASPs\u0027 - cannot come into contact with the vibrating structures of the micro-mechanical resonators.  Working at microscale, researchers must create a small cavity on top of the electronics to achieve a hermetic environment that will seal out damaging moisture.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA key to ASP packaging will be advanced organic materials that possess low signal-loss properties and are strong and semi-hermetic.  Working with Prof. Paul Kohl of Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ayazi will use specially-tailored polymers to develop an effective package for the filter arrays.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The combination of all these elements will eventually produce an array of highly improved tunable filters,\u0022 Ayazi said. \u0022We are basically looking for orders of magnitude improvement in performance, size and cost. The ultimate goal is to integrate ASP\u0027s with high-speed electronics on a single chip and bring unprecedented capabilities to the wireless world.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson (404-694-2284); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:rick.robinson@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Erick.robinson@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: Farrokh Ayazi (404-894-9496); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:farrokh.ayazi@ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Efarrokh.ayazi@ece.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Georgia Tech will develop analog frequency-scanning devices"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"A Georgia Institute of Technology research team has received a $3.5 million grant to use tiny, power-saving analog chips to develop portable communications technology capable of scanning a broad range of radio-frequency (RF) bands for open channels.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New devices will search for open frequencies"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2007-04-02 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:29","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2007-04-02T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2007-04-02T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"72243":{"id":"72243","type":"image","title":"Ayazi with chips","body":null,"created":"1449177446","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:26","changed":"1475894653","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:13"},"72244":{"id":"72244","type":"image","title":"Ayazi with chips","body":null,"created":"1449177446","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:26","changed":"1475894653","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:13"}},"media_ids":["72243","72244"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=8","title":"Farrokh Ayazi"},{"url":"http:\/\/cmmt.gatech.edu\/","title":"Center for MEMS and Microsystems Technology"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gedcenter.org\/","title":"Georgia Electronic Design Center"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7569","name":"analog"},{"id":"2183","name":"communications"},{"id":"7570","name":"radio-frequency"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003ERick Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:rick.robinson@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EContact Rick Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-694-2284\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["rick.robinson@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"72353":{"#nid":"72353","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Sensor Detects Direction of Sound Under Water","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new sensor that measures the motion created by sound waves under water could allow the U.S. Navy to develop compact arrays to detect the presence of enemy submarines. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese new arrays would detect quiet underwater targets, while also providing unambiguous directional information. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing optical fibers, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have found a way to create a sensor that detects the direction from which a sound is coming under water. This directional component is an important improvement over the current technology, researchers said. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Detecting quiet sounds under water can be very difficult,\u0022 said Francois Guillot, a research engineer in Georgia Tech\u0027s George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering. \u0022But our sensor detects small sounds over the noise of the ocean and also provides directional information.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe sensor uses a mechanism inspired by how fish hear under water. Inside a fish\u0027s ear, there are thousands of tiny hairs that move when a sound wave passes through the fish. These hairs then communicate with nerves allowing fish to hear under water. Because fish excel at detecting sound so they don\u0027t get eaten, the Georgia Tech researchers chose the fish hearing system as their model, they said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGuillot described the novel underwater sensor late last fall at the 4th joint meeting of the Acoustical Society of America and the Acoustical Society of Japan in Honolulu, Hawaii. His presentation was part of a session titled \u0022Underwater Acoustics: Array Processing, Sensors, and Technology.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the field of underwater acoustics, there is always a need to develop more sophisticated sensors, researchers said. The Navy currently tows long lines of hydrophones to listen to sound under water -- much like a microphone listens to sound in the air. A hydrophone measures the pressure change associated with the propagation of a sound wave. It converts acoustic energy into electrical energy and is used in passive underwater systems to listen only. One hydrophone identifies  a sound nearby, and multiple hydrophones can help tell the direction from which it\u0027s coming. But directional ambiguity exists. A line array of hydrophones cannot tell if the sound is coming from the left or right.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGuillot and collaborators David Trivett, a principal research scientist, and Peter Rogers, a professor -- both in the School of Mechanical Engineering -- have developed a more compact, more sensitive sound detector that can provide unambiguous directional information. In addition, the sensor can be modified to measure the water deformation, known as shear, associated with a sound wave --  a quantity typically difficult to measure because it requires very sensitive instruments. This new sensor shows promise that it can be successfully modified to detect this acoustic shear, which will enhance the directional information, the researchers said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe sensor is designed with two small plates attached by a hinge. One plate is held rigidly, and the other plate -- made of a composite material with the same density as water -- is free to move. The freely moving plate shifts in the sound field and follows the motion of water. A light signal sent through an optical fiber glued to both plates is modified by the motion of the freely moving plate. Analyzing the light signal with a photodetector provides information relative to the sound waves.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe sensor developed at Georgia Tech offers advantages over existing systems, researchers said. Guillot hopes the new sensor changes the way the Navy detects sound under water.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0022If the Navy tows an array of hydrophones thousands of feet long, it makes it difficult to maneuver the ship,\u0022 Rogers said. \u0022Since we can cut that length by a factor of more than five, it will cost less money to operate and be easier to handle.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe current prototype sensor has been tested in the School of Mechanical Engineering\u0027s large underwater acoustic tank facility to observe the behavior of the sensor under water. The facility includes a rectangular concrete water tank 25 feet deep, 25 feet wide and 34 feet long; it contains about 160,000 gallons of water. The researchers hope to field test the prototype system soon to see if it outperforms current technology. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research has been supported by a grant from Mike Traweek at the Office of Naval Research.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA \u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Francois Guillot (404-385-2155); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:francois.guillot@me.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Efrancois.guillot@me.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Peter Rogers (404-894-3235); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:peter.rogers@me.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Epeter.rogers@me.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or David Trivett (404-385-1870); E-mail:  (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:david.trivett@me.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Edavid.trivett@me.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Michael Traweek at ONR (703-696-4112); E-mail:  (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:traweem@onr.navy.mil\u0022\u003Etraweem@onr.navy.mil\u003C\/a\u003E) \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E  Abby Vogel\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Sensor Could Help Navy Detect Targets"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"A new sensor that measures the motion created by sound waves under water could allow the U.S. Navy to develop compact arrays to detect the presence of enemy submarines.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new sensor will improve target detection"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2007-01-29 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:29","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2007-01-29T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2007-01-29T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"72354":{"id":"72354","type":"image","title":"underwater sensor","body":null,"created":"1449177454","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:34","changed":"1475894656","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:16"},"72355":{"id":"72355","type":"image","title":"Researchers with sensor","body":null,"created":"1449177454","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:34","changed":"1475894656","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:16"}},"media_ids":["72354","72355"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/","title":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.onr.navy.mil\/default.asp","title":"Office of Naval Research"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"170890","name":"sensor defense sound Navy military"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71455":{"#nid":"71455","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Decontamination System Kills Anthrax Rapidly","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn October 2001, letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to several news media offices and two U.S. senators, killing five people and infecting 17 others. Clearing the Senate office building of the spores with chlorine dioxide gas cost $27 million, according to the Government Accountability Office. Cleaning the Brentwood postal facility outside Washington cost $130 million and took 26 months. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) in collaboration with Austin-based Stellar Micro Devices, Inc. (SMD) have developed prototypes of a rapid, non-disruptive and less expensive method that could be used to decontaminate bioterrorism hazards in the future.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing flat panel modules that produce X-rays and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light simultaneously, the researchers can kill anthrax spores in two to three hours without any lingering effects. The system also has the ability to kill anthrax spores hidden in places like computer keyboards without causing damage. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This is certainly an improvement over previous techniques,\u0022 said Brent Wagner, GTRI principal research scientist and director of its Phosphor Technology Center of Excellence (PTCOE). \u0022The UV-C attacks spores on surfaces and the X-rays penetrate through materials and kill spores in cracks and crevices.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EX-ray irradiation is used commercially to sterilize medical products and food by disrupting the ability of a microorganism to reproduce. UV-C also prevents replication, but both types of radiation can penetrate the outer structure of an anthrax spore to destroy the bacteria inside.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe current decontamination standard - chlorine dioxide gas - kills microorganisms by disrupting transport of nutrients across the cell wall, but cannot reach hidden spores. Hard surfaces must be cleaned independently with harsh liquid chlorine dioxide. In addition, people cannot re-enter a room fumigated with chlorine dioxide until the gas is neutralized with sodium bisulfite vapor and vented from the building.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new decontamination system resembles a coat rack with radiation modules arranged on rings at various heights that face outward to broadcast radiation throughout a room. Since the X-rays and UV-C are lethal at the flux densities used, the system operates unattended and is turned on outside the affected space.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUV-C light in the modules is produced using the optical and electrical phenomenon of cathodoluminescence. Numerous electron beams are generated by arrays of cold cathodes, each acting like the electron gun in a cathode ray tube.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022When an electron beam hits a powder phosphor, it luminesces and emits visible and\/or non-visible light,\u0022 explained Hisham Menkara, a GTRI senior research scientist.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI became involved in SMD\u0027s project, which was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory\u0027s Small Business Innovation Research program, because the PTCOE housed UV-C phosphors created and patented by Sarnoff Corporation in the mid-1970s.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We knew that Georgia Tech had experts in powder phosphors with regard to flat panel displays and we approached them to develop new phosphors for our decontamination purpose,\u0022 said Mark Eaton, president and CEO of SMD. \u0022We were fortunate that they had UV-C phosphors available from decades earlier.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith the Sarnoff phosphors in hand, Wagner and Menkara set off to determine the best UV-C emitting phosphor and optimize its properties for use with X-rays in SMD\u0027s small flat panel display.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo find the best phosphor that emitted light in the UV-C region of the spectrum - wavelengths below 280 nanometers - the emission spectra of each phosphor was measured against the DNA absorption curve. This curve shows the optimal wavelengths to destroy an organism\u0027s DNA. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter investigating many different phosphors, the researchers chose lanthanum phosphate:praseodymium (LaPO4:Pr or LAP:Pr) as the most efficient phosphor, with a power efficiency near 10 percent. Since the UV emission didn\u0027t fall completely under the DNA absorption curve, the relative \u0027killing efficiency\u0027 was approximately 50 percent. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the laboratory, Menkara created the phosphor by mixing precursors lanthanum oxide, hydrogen phosphate and praseodymium fluoride (La2O3, H3PO4 and PrF3, respectively) in a glass beaker with methanol (CH3OH) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Air drying the mixture in a fume hood caused the methanol to completely evaporate. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe resultant cake was crushed into a fine powder, heated in a furnace to a temperature as high as 1250 degrees Celsius for two hours and crushed again.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022To determine the best conditions for producing the highest efficiency phosphor, we tried different precursors and completed the firing under different atmospheric conditions and temperatures,\u0022 explained Menkara.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETest results showed that higher temperatures were more efficient and a capped quartz tube was the best container to hold the powder inside the furnace. Wagner and Menkara also found that adding lithium fluoride (LiF) and reducing the praseodymium concentration increased the cathodoluminescent properties of the LAP:Pr phosphor.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith the improved phosphor, laboratory tests conducted by SMD showed that the combined X-ray and UV-C decontamination system could kill anthrax spores. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers hope to develop new UV-C phosphors that can achieve cathodoluminescent efficiency higher than 10 percent with an emission spectrum that provides increased coverage of the DNA absorption curve.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith increased efficiency, UV-C panels could be used for sterilizing medical equipment or purification applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We may be able to use UV-C panels to clean wastewater, which would be better than the lamps currently used. In the environment where the lamps must operate, they are very difficult to clean, whereas flat panels could be cleaned with a squeegee,\u0022 noted Eaton.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother potential application is to kill viruses in buildings used to house chickens. Current methods involve removing the chickens and raising the temperature in the chicken houses for several days to deactivate the virus. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022With the combined UV-C\/X-ray system, you could turn the system on for a few hours, kill the viruses and as soon as you turn it off, the chickens could come right back in,\u0022 said Wagner.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Combination X-ray and ultraviolet-c system leaves no lingering effects"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"A rapid, non-disruptive and less expensive method to decontaminate bioterrorism hazards has been developed. Flat panels producing X-rays and ultraviolet-C light kill anthrax spores, even hidden ones, in two to three hours without lingering effects.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Anthrax decontamination system leaves no trace"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2008-01-29 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:24","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-01-29T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2008-01-29T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71456":{"id":"71456","type":"image","title":"Anthrax Decontamination","body":null,"created":"1449177376","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:16","changed":"1475894637","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:57"},"71457":{"id":"71457","type":"image","title":"Anthrax decontamination2","body":null,"created":"1449177376","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:16","changed":"1475894637","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:57"}},"media_ids":["71456","71457"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1132","name":"anthrax"},{"id":"1001","name":"bioterrorism"},{"id":"7503","name":"cathodoluminescence"},{"id":"7502","name":"chlorine dioxide"},{"id":"7500","name":"decontamination"},{"id":"7501","name":"phosphor"},{"id":"7505","name":"purify"},{"id":"170884","name":"sterilize"},{"id":"7329","name":"ultraviolet"},{"id":"1448","name":"x-ray"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71575":{"#nid":"71575","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Explosives on a Chip Improve Military Detonators","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETiny copper structures with pores at both the nanometer and micron size scales could play a key role in the next generation of detonators used to improve the reliability, reduce the size and lower the cost of certain military munitions.  \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDeveloped by a team of scientists from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and the Indian Head Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, the highly-uniform copper structures will be incorporated into integrated circuits - then chemically converted to millimeter-diameter explosives.   \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause they can be integrated into standard microelectronics fabrication processes, the copper materials will enable micro-electromechanical (MEMS) fuzes for military munitions to be mass-produced like computer chips.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022An ability to tailor the porosity and structural integrity of the explosive precursor material is a combination we\u0027ve never had before,\u0022 said Jason Nadler, a GTRI research engineer. \u0022We can start with the Navy\u0027s requirements for the material and design structures that are able to meet those requirements.  We can have an integrated design tool able to develop a whole range of explosive precursors on different size scales.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler uses a variety of templates, including microspheres and woven fabrics, to create regular patterns in copper oxide paste whose viscosity is controlled by the addition of polymers.  He then thermochemically removes the template and converts the resulting copper oxide structures to pure metal, retaining the patterns imparted by the template.  The size of the pores can be controlled by using different templates and by varying the processing conditions.  So far, he\u0027s made copper structures with channel sizes as small as a few microns - with structural components that have nanoscale pores.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBased on feedback from the Navy scientists, Nadler can tweak the structures to help optimize the overall device - known as a fuze - which controls when and where a munition will explode.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We are now able to link structural characteristics to performance,\u0022 Nadler noted.  \u0022We can produce a technically advanced material that can be tailored to the thermodynamics and kinetics that are needed using modeling techniques.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the fabrication techniques, Nadler developed characterization and modeling techniques to help understand and control the fabrication process for the unique copper structures, which may also have commercial applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe copper precursor developed in GTRI is a significant improvement over the copper foam material that Indian Head had previously been evaluating.  Produced with a sintered powder process, the foam was fragile and non-uniform, meaning Navy scientists couldn\u0027t precisely predict reliability or how much explosive would be created in each micro-detonator.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022GTRI has been able to provide us with material that has well-controlled and well-known characteristics,\u0022 said Michael Beggans, a scientist in the Energetics Technology Department of the Indian Head Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center.  \u0022Having this material allows us to determine the amount of explosive that can be formed in the MEMS fuze.  The size of that charge also determines the size and operation of the other components.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research will lead to a detonator with enhanced capabilities.   \u0022The long-term goal of the MEMS Fuze program is to produce a low-cost, highly-reliable detonator with built-in safe and arm capabilities in an extremely small package that would allow the smallest weapons in the Navy to be as safe and reliable as the largest,\u0022 Beggans explained.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReducing the size of the fuze is part of a long-term strategy toward smarter weapons intended to reduce the risk of collateral damage.  That will be possible, in part, because hundreds of fuzes, each about a centimeter square, can be fabricated simultaneously using techniques developed by the microelectronics industry.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Today, everything is becoming smaller, consuming less power and offering more functionality,\u0022 Beggans added.  \u0022When you hear that a weapon is \u0027smart,\u0027 it\u0027s really all about the fuze.  The fuze is \u0027smart\u0027 in that it knows the exact environment that the weapon needs to be in, and detonates it at the right time.  The MEMS fuze would provide \u0027smart\u0027 functionality in medium-caliber and sub-munitions, improving results and reducing collateral damage.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDevelopment and implementation of the new fuze will also have environmental and safety benefits.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Practical implementation of this technology will enable the military to reduce the quantity of sensitive primary explosives in each weapon by at least two orders of magnitude,\u0022 said Gerald R. Laib, senior explosives applications scientist at Indian Head and inventor of the MEMS Fuze concept.  \u0022This development will also vastly reduce the use of toxic heavy metals and waste products, and increase the safety of weapon production by removing the need for handling bulk quantities of sensitive primary explosives.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe next step will be for Indian Head to integrate all the components of the fuze into the smallest possible package - and then begin producing the device in large quantities.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA specialist in metallic and ceramic cellular materials, Nadler said the challenge of the project was creating structures porous enough to be chemically converted in a consistent way - while retaining sufficient mechanical strength to withstand processing and remain stable in finished devices.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The ability to design things on multiple size scales at the same time is very important,\u0022 he added.  \u0022Designing materials on the nano-scale, micron-scale and even the millimeter-scale simultaneously as a system is very powerful and challenging.  When these different length scales are available, a whole new world of capabilities opens up.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: Jason Nadler (404-407-6104); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jason.nadler@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejason.nadler@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Tiny copper structures could play key role in next generation of munitions"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Tiny copper structures with pores at both the nanometer and micron size scales could play a key role in the next generation of detonators used to improve the reliability, reduce the size and lower the cost of certain military munitions.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Copper precursor key to future military munitions"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2007-12-18 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:24","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2007-12-18T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2007-12-18T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71576":{"id":"71576","type":"image","title":"Microscope image of material","body":null,"created":"1449177386","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:26","changed":"1475894639","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:59"},"71577":{"id":"71577","type":"image","title":"Materials to make copper structures","body":null,"created":"1449177386","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:26","changed":"1475894639","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:59"},"71578":{"id":"71578","type":"image","title":"Copper material","body":null,"created":"1449177386","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:26","changed":"1475894639","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:59"}},"media_ids":["71576","71577","71578"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7493","name":"copper"},{"id":"7523","name":"detonator"},{"id":"7524","name":"micro-detonator"},{"id":"7525","name":"munition"},{"id":"7425","name":"nanometer"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71594":{"#nid":"71594","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Climate Change Triggers Wars and Population Decline","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EClimate change may be one of the most significant threats facing humankind. A new study shows that long-term climate change may ultimately lead to wars and population decline.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study, published November 19 in the early edition of the journal \u003Cem\u003EProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003C\/em\u003E (\u003Cem\u003EPNAS\u003C\/em\u003E), revealed that as temperatures decreased centuries ago during a period called the Little Ice Age, the number of wars increased, famine occurred and the population declined. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EData on past climates may help accurately predict and design strategies for future large and persistent climate changes, but acknowledging the historic social impact of these severe events is an important step toward that goal, according to the study\u0027s authors.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Even though temperatures are increasing now, the same resulting conflicts may occur since we still greatly depend on the land as our food source,\u0022 said Peter Brecke, associate professor in the Georgia Institute of Technology\u0027s Sam Nunn School of International Affairs and co-author of the study. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis new study expands previous work by David Zhang of the University of Hong Kong and lead author of the study. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022My previous research just focused on Eastern China. This current study covers a much larger spatial area and the conclusions from the current research could be considered general principles,\u0022 said Zhang.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBrecke, Zhang and colleagues in Hong Kong, China and the United Kingdom perceived a possible connection between temperature change and wars because changes in climate affect water supplies, growing seasons and land fertility, prompting food shortages. These shortages could lead to conflict - local uprisings, government destabilization and invasions from neighboring regions - and population decline due to bloodshed during the wars and starvation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo study whether changes in temperature affected the number of wars, the researchers examined the time period between 1400 and 1900. This period recorded the lowest average global temperatures around 1450, 1650 and 1820, each separated by slight warming intervals.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers collected war data from multiple sources, including a database of 4,500 wars worldwide that Brecke began developing in 1995 with funding from the U.S. Institute of Peace. They also used climate change records that paleoclimatologists reconstructed by consulting historical documents and examining indicators of temperature change like tree rings, as well as oxygen isotopes in ice cores and coral skeletons.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResults showed a cyclic pattern of turbulent periods when temperatures were low followed by tranquil ones when temperatures were higher. The number of wars per year worldwide during cold centuries was almost twice that of the mild 18th century.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study also showed population declines following each high war peak, according to population data Brecke assembled. The population growth rate of the Northern Hemisphere was elevated from 1400-1600, despite a short cooling period beginning in the middle of the 15th century. However, during the colder 17th century, Europe and Asia experienced more wars of great magnitude and population declines. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn China, the population plummeted 43 percent between 1620 and 1650. Then, a dramatic increase in population occurred from 1650 until a cooling period beginning in 1800 caused a worldwide demographic shock.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers examined whether these average temperature differences of less than one degree Celsius were enough to cause food shortages. By assuming that agricultural production decreases triggered price increases, they showed that when grain prices reached a certain level, wars erupted.  The ecological stress on agricultural production triggered by climate change did in fact induce population shrinkages, according to Brecke.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGlobal temperatures are expected to rise in the future and the world\u0027s growing population may be unable to adequately adapt to the ecological changes, according to Brecke.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u0022The warmer temperatures are probably good for a while, but beyond some level plants will be stressed,\u0022 explained Brecke. \u0022With more droughts and a rapidly growing population, it is going to get harder and harder to provide food for everyone and thus we should not be surprised to see more instances of starvation and probably more cases of hungry people clashing over scarce food and water.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Reduced agricultural productivity seems to initiate conflict"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"A new study reveals that as temperatures decreased centuries ago during a period called the Little Ice Age, the number of wars increased, famine occurred and the population declined.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Conflict is related to reduced crop production"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2007-11-21 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:24","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2007-11-21T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2007-11-21T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71595":{"id":"71595","type":"image","title":"Peter Brecke","body":null,"created":"1449177386","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:26","changed":"1475894639","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:59"},"71596":{"id":"71596","type":"image","title":"rice production","body":null,"created":"1449177386","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:26","changed":"1475894639","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:59"}},"media_ids":["71595","71596"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.inta.gatech.edu\/","title":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.inta.gatech.edu\/~peter_brecke","title":"Peter Brecke"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"861","name":"Africa"},{"id":"669","name":"agriculture"},{"id":"802","name":"China"},{"id":"2262","name":"climate"},{"id":"1651","name":"Conflict"},{"id":"174","name":"Europe"},{"id":"179","name":"population"},{"id":"7510","name":"temperature"},{"id":"4061","name":"War"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71617":{"#nid":"71617","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Urban Challenge Run Ends at Qualifying Event","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe blue Porsche Cayenne pulls up to a four-way intersection and stops. After it continues through the junction, it approaches a vehicle stopped in its lane. The Cayenne checks to make sure there are no cars approaching in the opposing lane, passes the stopped car and returns to its original lane. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis scene may sound normal, but this is no ordinary Porsche Cayenne-it thinks for itself and requires no driver. This autonomous vehicle was designed by the Georgia Institute of Technology in collaboration with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency\u0027s (DARPA) Urban Challenge.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u0027s vehicle, named Sting 1, did not qualify for the final challenge during the National Qualifying Event (NQE) held from October 26-31 at the urban military training facility located on the former George Air Force Base in Victorville, California. Sting 1 finished as one of 35 teams that made it to the NQE.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As a first-time entrant, the team has done an outstanding job making it to the semifinal round of the world\u0027s most challenging robotics competition,\u0022 said Tucker Balch, team lead and associate professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Interactive Computing in the College of Computing.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith six cameras, eight computers, Doppler radar and infrared laser radar on board, Sting 1 was designed to operate without any human intervention and obey California traffic laws while performing maneuvers such as merging into moving traffic, navigating traffic circles and avoiding moving obstacles.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe road to California began in the summer of 2006, when Georgia Tech and 88 other teams signed up to participate in this year\u0027s Urban Challenge.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Georgia Tech didn\u0027t compete in the two previous Grand Challenges, but SAIC did,\u0022 added Balch. \u0022Their experience helped us develop software that could have enabled a robot to place well in the previous challenges and then we took it further with additional capabilities necessary for the Urban Challenge.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech team, consisting of researchers in Georgia Tech\u0027s College of Computing and College of Engineering and the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), chose the Porsche Cayenne as their vehicle and in August 2006 began to install computers that would drive the car automatically. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEight computers networked together through two high speed networks were programmed to know the rules of the road. This included knowing how to stay in a lane, how to overtake another car, how to make turns in city traffic, how to maneuver the waiting patterns at an intersection, how to merge into traffic and how to behave in a parking lot. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to the racing team, the car really had to think for itself. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022When moving forward, the car usually ignored obstacles that were in its planned path,\u0022 said Tom Collins, electronics lead and GTRI principal research engineer. \u0022But when obstacles were detected, the car would plan and execute a different route.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESAIC engineers developed methods for visual lane detection and tracking. On unpaved dirt roads, the colors of the road and non-road areas were modeled to identify a path, adapting over time as lighting or surface colors changed. On marked paved roads, a camera kept the car in its lane by detecting the typical white and yellow lines that mark a driving lane. If the vision system was unable to find a lane, the car used lasers to follow the curb. Ten laser range finders sent out infrared laser beams that constantly scanned to provide Sting 1 with an accurate measurement of the distance to any objects, such as curbs and other cars.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt intersections, the team used laser and radar sensors to see other waiting or approaching vehicles. Six off-the-shelf Doppler radar systems used to detect moving objects allowed the car to see as far as two football fields away in all directions. Cameras helped guide the car through the intersections and onto new roadways.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We had to guarantee that there was at least a 10 second window that would allow us to pull out onto a road, accelerate and get up to a reasonable speed without cutting someone off,\u0022 noted Henrik Christensen, principal investigator for the team and director of Georgia Tech\u0027s Robotics and Intelligent Machines Center.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers tested their car for months in the parking lot behind the Centergy One building in Technology Square on the Georgia Tech campus. They also utilized the Georgia Public Safety Training Center in Forsyth, Ga. on weekends to test the ability of the car to maneuver in an urban environment. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Urban Challenge is the third in a series of DARPA-sponsored competitions to foster the development of robotic ground vehicle technology without a human operator, designed for use on the battlefield. Safe operation in traffic is essential to U.S. military plans to use autonomous ground vehicles to conduct important missions and keep American personnel out of harm\u0027s way.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers are already thinking about life after the Urban Challenge.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We\u0027ve already talked about expanding this work to other areas,\u0022 said Vince Camp, hardware lead and GTRI senior research engineer. \u0022We\u0027re looking forward to using the technologies in applications such as autonomous lane striping for the Department of Transportation.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChallenges like this also aim to improve safety in vehicles consumers purchase. Some high-end vehicles sold today have backup sensors that alert the driver to obstacles and can parallel park without driver assistance. There are also systems that will alert a driver that is approaching a car in the same lane too quickly or if a driver is leaving the appropriate lane.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022These types of systems will help us become better drivers, but it\u0027s probably going to be a decade or so before we see fully autonomous vehicles,\u0022 said Christensen. \u0022At some point, though, drivers will realize that their cars are probably much more aware of what\u0027s going on around the car and are better equipped to deal with a situation than human drivers.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDARPA awarded a first-place prize of $2 million to Carnegie Mellon\u0027s Tartan Racing Team.  Second and third places went to teams from Stanford Univesity and Virginia Tech.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Stefany Wilson, College of Computing (404-894-7253); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:stefany@cc.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Estefany@cc.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel, Research News \u0026amp; Publications Office (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt, Georgia Tech Research Institute (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Abby Vogel\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Georgia Tech\/SAIC Sting 1 vehicle reaches semifinals"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"The Sting Racing Team sponsored by Georgia Tech and SAIC reached the semifinals of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency\u0027s Urban Challenge, but did not quality for the final challenge.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Sting Racing Team reaches competition semifinals"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2007-11-06 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:24","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2007-11-06T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2007-11-06T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71618":{"id":"71618","type":"image","title":"Sting1 vehicle","body":null,"created":"1449177396","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:36","changed":"1475894639","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:59"},"71619":{"id":"71619","type":"image","title":"Sting Racing Team","body":null,"created":"1449177396","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:36","changed":"1475894639","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:59"},"71620":{"id":"71620","type":"image","title":"Sting 1 Vehicle","body":null,"created":"1449177396","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:16:36","changed":"1475894639","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:59"}},"media_ids":["71618","71619","71620"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/","title":"College of Computing"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.sting-racing.org\/","title":"Sting Racing Web site"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"667","name":"robotics"},{"id":"170760","name":"Sting"},{"id":"1249","name":"vehicle"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EStefany Wilson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECollege of Computing\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=sw187\u0022\u003EContact Stefany Wilson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-7253\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["stefany@cc.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"70869":{"#nid":"70869","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Models Predict the Remaining Life of Mechanical, Electronic Equipment","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ENew research at the Georgia Institute of Technology could soon make predicting the degradation and remaining useful life of mechanical and electronic equipment easier and more accurate, while significantly improving maintenance operations and spare parts logistics. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENagi Gebraeel, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, has developed models that use data from real-time sensor measurements to calculate and continuously revise the amount of remaining useful life of different engineering systems based on their current condition and health status. These predictions are then integrated with maintenance management and spare parts supply chain policies as part of an autonomous \u0027sense and respond\u0027 logistics paradigm.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Recent advances in sensor technology and wireless communication have enabled us to develop innovative methods for indirectly monitoring the health of different engineering systems,\u0022 said Gebraeel, who started working on this project at the University of Iowa. \u0022This has created an environment with an abundance of data that can be exploited in decision-making processes across different application domains such as manufacturing, aging infrastructure, avionics systems, military equipment, power plants and many others.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGebraeel\u0027s predictive models were detailed during two presentations on October 14 at the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences Annual Meeting. Funding for model development was provided by the National Science Foundation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause Gebraeel\u0027s sensor-driven prognostic models combine general reliability characteristics with real-time condition-based signals, they provide an accurate and comprehensive assessment of a system\u0027s current health status and its future evolution. These accurate predictions are then used to determine the most economical time to order a spare part component and schedule a maintenance replacement by accounting for different costs, including those due to unexpected failures, spare part inventory holding and out-of-stock situations.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGebraeel began his research by monitoring the vibration and acoustic emissions signals from rotating machinery, namely bearings. He extracted degradation-based characteristics pertaining to key components on the machinery and used them to develop condition-based signals.  Gebraeel then created stochastic models to characterize the evolution of these condition-based signals and predict the remaining life of these critical components.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter extensive experimentation and testing, results showed that his techniques can potentially reduce the total failure costs and costs associated with running out of spare parts inventory by approximately 55 percent. With such positive results, Gebraeel turned his attention to developing models for electronics. He recently began working with Rockwell Collins to develop adaptive models to estimate the remaining useful life of aircraft electronic components.  \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Aircraft take off at ambient ground temperatures and quickly reach their cruising altitudes, where the temperatures tend to be below zero,\u0022 explained Gebraeel. \u0022It\u0027s these changes in temperature coupled with inherent vibrations that affect the deterioration and lifetime of electronic equipment.\u0022\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGebraeel\u0027s goal is to embed his prognostic methodology into key avionic systems so that decisions can be made about whether an aircraft is capable of carrying out a specific mission or if it should be assigned to a shorter mission or grounded.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGebraeel is also working closely with Virginia-based Global Strategic Solutions LLC, which has funding from two U.S. Navy Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants. The focus of one of the grants is to advance the development of embedded diagnostics and prognostics to predict the remaining life distributions of electrical power generation systems on board U.S. Naval aircraft. The focus of the second grant is to develop advanced health monitoring and remaining useful life models for aircraft communication, navigation and identification (CNI) avionics systems used on the Joint Strike Fighter.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The long term impact of all of these projects on human safety and maintenance costs will be tremendous, especially in the airline industry,\u0022 noted Gebraeel.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Information linked to spare parts logistics to improve maintenance management"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Research presented at the INFORMS Annual Meeting describes an easier and more accurate method to predict the remaining useful life of mechanical and electronic equipment, while significantly improving maintenance operations and spare parts logistics.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Models predict a system\u0027s remaining life and links info to inven"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2008-10-14 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-10-14T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2008-10-14T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"70870":{"id":"70870","type":"image","title":"Gebraeel Elwany Samy","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894623","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:43"},"70871":{"id":"70871","type":"image","title":"Joint Strike Fighter","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894623","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:43"},"70872":{"id":"70872","type":"image","title":"Nagi Gebraeel","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894623","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:43"}},"media_ids":["70870","70871","70872"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/profile.php?entry=ngebraeel3","title":"Nagi Gebraeel"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/","title":"Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1833","name":"aircraft"},{"id":"7154","name":"avionic"},{"id":"684","name":"chain"},{"id":"7153","name":"degradation"},{"id":"4186","name":"electronic"},{"id":"1381","name":"equipment"},{"id":"7149","name":"inventory"},{"id":"2273","name":"life"},{"id":"233","name":"Logistics"},{"id":"7150","name":"maintenance"},{"id":"2834","name":"mechanical"},{"id":"3773","name":"navy"},{"id":"7148","name":"part"},{"id":"7145","name":"prognostic"},{"id":"7151","name":"remaining"},{"id":"167318","name":"sensor"},{"id":"170858","name":"spare"},{"id":"167930","name":"supply"},{"id":"170859","name":"system"},{"id":"7152","name":"useful"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"70888":{"#nid":"70888","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Portable Imaging System Will Help Maximize Natural Disaster Response","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) have developed a low-cost, high-resolution imaging system that can be attached to a helicopter to create a complete and detailed picture of an area devastated by a hurricane or other natural disaster. The resulting visual information can be used to estimate the number of storm refugees and assess the need for health and humanitarian services. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAid organizations currently don\u0027t have a quick and accurate way to determine how many people need assistance. Satellites can collect images of areas affected by a natural disaster, but there are dissemination restrictions and cloud cover can prevent collection of images.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Without a real-time map, it\u0027s very hard to do population estimates and demographic estimates to figure out where people are, how they\u0027re moving, how they\u0027re spaced out and even how many people you have on the ground,\u0022 said Benjamin Sklaver, a project officer from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch. \u0022This technology does not exist currently, so GTRI\u0027s imaging system is really an innovative project.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe imaging system was developed with funding from the CDC, and agency officials would like to begin using this device as soon as possible. After responding to the recent devastation caused by Hurricanes Hanna and Ike, the CDC asked GTRI to accelerate delivery of the imaging device for use during the 2008 hurricane season.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We plan to package the system for use on Coast Guard UH-60J Black Hawk helicopters, which were among the first to fly over Haiti following Hanna\u0027s devastation,\u0022 said David Price, a GTRI senior research technologist.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe imaging system - designed by Price and senior research engineer Gary Gray - is called the \u0027Mini ModPOD,\u0027 which stands for \u0027Miniature Modular Photographic Observation Device.\u0027 It consists of an off-the-shelf Canon Digital Rebel XTi digital camera, a global positioning system receiver, a small circuit board that uploads mission parameters, and an inertial measurement unit that measures the aircraft\u0027s rate of acceleration and changes in rotational attributes, including pitch, roll and yaw. The images collected from the system can be stitched together to create a complete picture of the affected area.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research team has tested the device on several flights, selecting areas with large populations of people likely to be outdoors.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022During the first test flight, we wanted to test the clarity and resolution of the images collected during the run, and we were very pleased,\u0022 said Price. \u0022We could see tennis balls on the ground and people reading books at outdoor tables. This was sufficient detail to allow accurate counting the number of people in an area.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter the first flight, the researchers reduced the weight of the device and developed a more accurate geo-referencing capability, which allowed the physical location of the scenes shown in each photograph to be determined with precision. With the modifications made, the researchers went for a second flight test in July. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research group selected a rectangular zone of interest and loaded the latitude and longitude coordinates of the zone into the system from a USB drive. As soon as the helicopter flew into the zone, the camera began snapping pictures. The electronics were set to measure the speed of the aircraft so that each photo overlapped 60 percent of the preceding photo, making it easier to stitch together the photos to create a complete picture. The pilot made two passes, at altitudes of 500 and 1,000 feet above ground level.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This test flight was successful in confirming the Mini ModPOD\u0027s ability to activate the camera within the zone of interest. The resulting photos were extremely sharp and clear - they were free of any vibration or motion effects,\u0022 added Price.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe photos were successfully matched to the flight data, which enabled the CDC to adjust them for geospatial reference. However, due to a software glitch, they were not overlapped as planned. The researchers made a small adjustment to the software and completed a third a third test flight in August.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This flight resulted in images that were 60 percent overlapped, enabling CDC engineers to build a high-resolution mosaic image,\u0022 noted Price. \u0022Individuals on the ground were easily distinguishable as people separate from other objects.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe imaging system will also be available to the CDC and other agencies, such as the American Red Cross, to count people in refugee camps in order to plan for health and humanitarian services.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe research described in this article was supported by cooperative agreement #U38 EH000363 from the CDC. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact:\u003C\/strong\u003E David Price (404-407-7105); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:dave.price@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Edave.price@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"Researchers have developed a low-cost, high-resolution imaging system that can be attached to a helicopter to create a complete and detailed picture of an area devastated by a hurricane or other natural disaster. The resulting visual information can be used to estimate the number of storm refugees and assess the need for health and humanitarian services.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Imaging system creates detailed picture of area devestated by di"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2008-10-06 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-10-06T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2008-10-06T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"70889":{"id":"70889","type":"image","title":"David Price Gary Gray","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894625","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:45"},"70890":{"id":"70890","type":"image","title":"Helicopter","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894625","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:45"},"70891":{"id":"70891","type":"image","title":"Mosaic","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894625","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:45"}},"media_ids":["70889","70890","70891"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1508","name":"assistance"},{"id":"7173","name":"camera"},{"id":"7179","name":"centers"},{"id":"7180","name":"control"},{"id":"380","name":"david"},{"id":"7177","name":"demographic"},{"id":"1446","name":"digital"},{"id":"3939","name":"disaster"},{"id":"5302","name":"Disease"},{"id":"7178","name":"estimate"},{"id":"665","name":"gary"},{"id":"289","name":"Global"},{"id":"7184","name":"gray"},{"id":"398","name":"health"},{"id":"1860","name":"hurricane"},{"id":"987","name":"imaging"},{"id":"7174","name":"inertial"},{"id":"1787","name":"measurement"},{"id":"7170","name":"mini"},{"id":"7171","name":"modpod"},{"id":"7176","name":"natural"},{"id":"7182","name":"people"},{"id":"179","name":"population"},{"id":"7172","name":"portable"},{"id":"7181","name":"positioning"},{"id":"4118","name":"prevention"},{"id":"7183","name":"price"},{"id":"3448","name":"public"},{"id":"7159","name":"response"},{"id":"170859","name":"system"},{"id":"7175","name":"unit"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"70931":{"#nid":"70931","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Micro Honeycomb Materials Enable New Approach to Sound Reduction","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ENoise from commercial and military jet aircraft causes environmental problems for communities near airports, obliging airplanes to follow often complex noise-abatement procedures on takeoff and landing. It can also make aircraft interiors excessively loud.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo address this situation, engineers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are turning to innovative materials that make possible a new approach to the physics of noise reduction.  They have found that honeycomb-like structures composed of many tiny tubes or channels can reduce sound more effectively than conventional methods.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This approach dissipates acoustic waves by essentially wearing them out,\u0022 said Jason Nadler, a GTRI research engineer.  \u0022It\u0027s a phenomenological shift, fundamentally different from traditional techniques that absorb sound using a more frequency-dependent resonance.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe two-year project is sponsored by EADS North America, the U.S. operating entity of EADS.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMost sound-deadening materials - such as foams or other cellular materials comprising many small cavities - exploit the fact that acoustic waves resonate through the air on various frequencies, Nadler explains.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJust as air blowing into a bottle produces resonance at a particular tone, an acoustic wave hitting a cellular surface will resonate in certain-size cavities, thereby dissipating its energy. An automobile muffler, for example, uses a resonance-dependent technique to reduce exhaust noise.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe drawback with these traditional noise-reduction approaches is that they only work with some frequencies - those that can find cavities or other structures in which to resonate. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler\u0027s research involves broadband acoustic absorption, a method of reducing sound that doesn\u0027t depend on frequencies or resonance.  In this approach, tiny parallel tubes in porous media such as metal or ceramics create a honeycomb-like structure that traps sound regardless of frequency.  Instead of resonating, sound waves plunge into the channels and dissipate through a process called viscous shear. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EViscous shear involves the interaction of a solid with a gas or other fluid.   In this case, a gas - sound waves composed of compressed air - contacts a solid, the porous medium, and is weakened by the resulting friction.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022It\u0027s the equivalent of propelling a little metal sphere down a rubber hose when the sphere is just a hair bigger than the rubber hose,\u0022 Nadler explained.  \u0022Eventually the friction and the compressive stresses of contact with the tube would stop the sphere.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis technique, Nadler adds, is derived from classical mechanical principles governing how porous media interact with gases - such as the air through which sound waves move.  Noise abatement using micro-scale honeycomb structures represents a new application of these principles.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022You need to have the hole big enough to let the sound waves in, but you also need enough surface area inside to shear against the wave,\u0022 he said.   \u0022The result is acoustic waves don\u0027t resonate; they just dissipate.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn researching this approach, Nadler constructed an early prototype from off-the-shelf capillary tubes, which readily formed a low-density, honeycomb-like structure.  Further research showed that the ideal material for broadband acoustic absorption would require micron-scale diameter tubes and a much lower structural density. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECreating such low-density structures presents an interesting challenge, Nadler says.  It requires a material that\u0027s light, strong enough to enable the walls between the tubes to be very thin, and yet robust enough to function reliably amid the high-temperature, aggressive environments inside aircraft engines.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAmong the likely candidates are superalloys, materials that employ unusual blends of metals to achieve desired qualities such as extreme strength, tolerance of high temperatures and corrosion resistance.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler has developed what could be the world\u0027s first superalloy micro honeycomb using a nickel-base superalloy. At around 30 percent density, the material is very light - a clear advantage for airborne applications - and also very strong and heat resistant.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe estimates this new approach could attenuate aircraft engine noise by up to 30 percent.  Micro-honeycomb material could also provide another means to protect the aircraft in critical areas prone to impact from birds or other foreign objects by dissipating the energy of the collision.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E); Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: Jason Nadler (404-407-6104); E-mail (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jason.nadler@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejason.nadler@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Innovation could help quiet military and commercial aircraft"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing innovative honeycomb structures that could make possible a new approach to noise reduction in aircraft.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new approach to sound control could help quiet jet aircraft"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2008-09-29 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-09-29T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2008-09-29T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"70932":{"id":"70932","type":"image","title":"Jason Nadler","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894625","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:45"},"70933":{"id":"70933","type":"image","title":"Jason Nadler","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894625","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:45"},"70934":{"id":"70934","type":"image","title":"Noise reduction material","body":null,"created":"1449177328","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:28","changed":"1475894625","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:45"}},"media_ids":["70932","70933","70934"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1833","name":"aircraft"},{"id":"7185","name":"honeycomb"},{"id":"1692","name":"materials"},{"id":"1522","name":"noise"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71094":{"#nid":"71094","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech to Analyze Massive Data Sets Using Visual Analytics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EEnormous amounts of data are being generated in health care, computational biology, homeland security and other areas, but analyzing these massive and unstructured data sets has proven cumbersome and difficult. An emerging research field known as data and visual analytics is helping sift through such mountains of information to find and put together individual pieces of a picture.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology has received a five-year grant to lead and coordinate a new initiative that will develop foundational research in massive data analysis and visual analytics. A research team headed by Haesun Park, a professor and associate chair in the Computational Science and Engineering Division of the Georgia Tech College of Computing, will investigate ways to improve the visual analytics of massive data sets through machine learning, numerical algorithms and optimization, computational statistics, and information visualization. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Developing new and improved mathematical and computational methodologies will further enable systems developers, intelligence analysts, biologists and health care workers to implement new methods to \u0027detect the expected and discover the unexpected\u0027 among massive data sets,\u0022 Park explained.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe $3 million joint National Science Foundation and Department of Homeland Security grant establishes Georgia Tech as the lead academic research institution for all national Foundations of Data and Visual Analytics (FODAVA) research efforts. Seven other FODAVA Partnership Awards will be announced later this year, all working in conjunction with eleven Georgia Tech investigators to advance the field. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOver the next five years, the Georgia Tech-led research team will work to establish FODAVA as a distinct research field and build a community of top-quality researchers that will collaborate on research workshops and conferences, industry engagement and technology transfer. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022FODAVA seeks to put an improved science base under one portion of the problem - how can we transform large, complex data sets into reduced computational models or mathematical formalisms that retain the information content while better supporting the human in extracting critical information from the data,\u0022 said Lawrence Rosenblum, program director for graphics and visualization at the National Science Foundation. \u0022Scientific advances here are critical to future advances in the science of data and visual analytics that will keep us safe and provide technological and commercial advances that benefit mankind.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u0027s expertise in advanced computer-based analysis, probability and statistics, numerical algorithms and optimization, machine learning, and human-computer interaction techniques provides a strong foundation to lead this new initiative. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPark specializes in using numerical linear algebra and optimization techniques to develop computer-based algorithms that dramatically reduce the dimension and number of data points in massive data sets. Dimension reduction is essential for efficient processing of high-dimension data sets while removing the noise in the data. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPark is especially interested in developing methods for dimension reduction that exploit prior knowledge in the data sets - such as clustered structures and non-negativity. This process is important because it leads to more accurate classification and prediction results. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlexander Gray, an assistant professor in the Computational Science and Engineering Division of the College of Computing, has experience developing efficient algorithms that allow statistical and machine learning methods to be applied to massive datasets. He employs ideas from computational geometry and computational physics to statistical computations.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Reducing the computation time for an analysis from hours to seconds makes all the difference, since data analysis is inherently an iterative and interactive process,\u0022 explained Gray, also a principal investigator on the project.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELarge data sets may also include multiple objects of high dimensionality, such as images, that must be analyzed based on a relatively small number of samples. The mathematical analysis of problems like these requires expertise in statistics and probability methods, which Georgia Tech School of Mathematics professor and principal investigator Vladimir Koltchinskii will contribute to the new initiative. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce massive amounts of data are collected and processed, relevant information must be pulled from it and presented using visual and interactive means. John Stasko, a principal investigator on this project and professor in the School of Interactive Computing, conducts research in the field of visual analytics. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe heads a team that developed Jigsaw, a visual analytics system that helps analysts better assess, analyze and make sense of large document collections. The system provides multiple coordinated views to show connections between entities extracted from a document collection.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Jigsaw essentially acts as a visual index of the document collection - helping analysts identify particular documents to read and examine next,\u0022 explained Stasko, whose team won the university division of the 2007 Visual Analytics Science and Technology contest using Jigsaw.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStasko also serves as Georgia Tech\u0027s director in the Department of Homeland Security-sponsored SouthEast Regional Visualization and Analytics Center (SRVAC), a regional center created in 2006 to perform research in visual analytics. SRVAC is a partnership between the Georgia Tech and the University of North Carolina Charlotte, and is one of five national university centers connected to the National Visualization and Analytics Center located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAll of the steps involved in massive data analysis and visual analytics - data collection, processing, analysis and visualization - require optimization. Renato Monteiro, a professor in the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering and principal investigator, specializes in this research field. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This new center provides me the opportunity to apply optimization techniques to new and unique problems and applications that I haven\u0027t studied in the past,\u0022 said Monteiro.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom law enforcement and intelligence gathering to electronic heath records and computational biology, the accurate and timely analysis of massive amounts of information is critical to deeper understanding and effective decision making. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Collaborations across Georgia Tech\u0027s computing, engineering and mathematics disciplines aim to develop better scientific and foundational methods to help practitioners in many different lines of work analyze and interactively explore large data sets more efficiently and effectively,\u0022 Park added. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact:\u003C\/strong\u003E Haesun Park (404-385-2170); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hpark@cc.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ehpark@cc.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"$3 million award will build a foundation for emerging research field"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"The Georgia Institute of Technology has received a five-year, $3 million grant from the National Science Foundation and the Department of Homeland Security to lead and coordinate a new initiative that will develop foundational research in massive data analysis and visual analytics.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"$3M awarded for data analysis and visual analytics initiative"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2008-08-04 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-08-06T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2008-08-06T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71095":{"id":"71095","type":"image","title":"Jigsaw","body":null,"created":"1449177348","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:48","changed":"1475894628","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:48"}},"media_ids":["71095"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/directory\/faculty\/faculty\/directory\/john-stasko","title":"John Stasko"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/profile.php?entry=rm88","title":"Renato Monteiro"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.math.gatech.edu\/people\/faculty\/vlad.html","title":"Vladimir Koltchinskii"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/directory\/faculty\/faculty\/directory\/alexander-gray","title":"Alexander Gray"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/directory\/faculty\/faculty\/directory\/haesun-park","title":"Haesun Park"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7258","name":"algebra"},{"id":"5660","name":"algorithms"},{"id":"3929","name":"analysis"},{"id":"7251","name":"analytics"},{"id":"277","name":"Biology"},{"id":"5637","name":"Computational"},{"id":"438","name":"data"},{"id":"5270","name":"FODAVA"},{"id":"398","name":"health"},{"id":"7259","name":"high-dimension"},{"id":"3928","name":"homeland"},{"id":"1620","name":"Information"},{"id":"3823","name":"learning"},{"id":"5424","name":"Linear"},{"id":"7254","name":"machine"},{"id":"7255","name":"numerical"},{"id":"7261","name":"NVAC"},{"id":"1377","name":"optimization"},{"id":"7256","name":"probability"},{"id":"7260","name":"reduction"},{"id":"167055","name":"security"},{"id":"170864","name":"set"},{"id":"170865","name":"SRVAC"},{"id":"167169","name":"statistics"},{"id":"7252","name":"visual"},{"id":"7257","name":"visualization"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71098":{"#nid":"71098","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Wins Contract to Support Test \u0026 Evaluation of Unmanned Systems","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has won a contract to support development of a roadmap designed to improve the testing and evaluation of unmanned and autonomous systems for the U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The field of unmanned and autonomous systems is evolving rapidly, and new techniques are needed to effectively test and evaluate the capabilities that are being inserted into these systems. This is especially challenging for systems that are increasing in levels of autonomy,\u0022 said Lora Weiss, a GTRI principal research engineer.  \u0022Our task is to develop a roadmap that identifies new approaches to testing autonomous systems and details what needs to be tested, how the autonomous technologies can be tested, and when the testing needs to occur.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKnown as the Roadmap Development and Technology Insertion Plan (RD-TIP), the one-year $430,000 award is funded through the U.S. Army at White Sands Missile Range.  The initiative is headed by Derrick Hinton, T\u0026amp;E\/S\u0026amp;T program manager with the Test Resources Management Center in the U.S. Department of Defense.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Many new technologies are being developed for unmanned and autonomous systems that must be tested and evaluated before they can be deployed.  New approaches are needed for testing and measuring the robustness of these systems, especially in non-deterministic and evolving environments,\u0022 Weiss noted.  \u0022The only way to know how to test them is to understand both the details of the technology and the system that it is going into. GTRI has extensive experience in both areas and can uniquely couple fundamental research with warfighter systems.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe effort will address all five major unmanned and autonomous systems domains, including systems that operate in the air, on the ground, underwater, on the sea surface and in space.  The roadmap will address both vehicles and the socio-technical environments in which they operate. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022There is a strong desire from the warfighter to get these systems into the field,\u0022 Weiss added.  \u0022This, coupled with the rapid pace at which unmanned and autonomous systems are developing, creates a need to consider new options for more flexible testing of unmanned systems.  Through this roadmap, the government has asked us to help define these options.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETest and evaluation has traditionally been a focus area for GTRI, noted Rusty Roberts, a principal research engineer who oversees all of GTRI\u0027s test and evaluation programs. \u0022The current roadmap award builds on GTRI\u0027s long-term experience with test and evaluation for government customers and couples it with GTRI\u0027s strong knowledge of unmanned systems,\u0022 he said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe unmanned systems test and evaluation project is a new area within the Test and Evaluation Science and Technology Program, which is sponsored by the Test Resource Management Center (TRMC) within the Office of the Secretary of Defense. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has ongoing projects in four areas of the T\u0026amp;E Science and Technology Program: unmanned and autonomous systems, directed energy, net-centric systems and non-intrusive instrumentation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology, GTRI is also involved in other test and evaluation projects for the government, Roberts said.  Its test and evaluation capabilities cover a broad range of engineering and scientific disciplines, including tracking new technologies and their effect on test and evaluation, planning and executing programs for the government\u0027s operational test agencies and providing and\/or sponsoring test and evaluation professional education courses and workshops, as well as meetings such the annual ITEA Technology Conference.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnmanned and autonomous systems are recognized as critical components to all aspects of modern warfare across the joint forces, and they are growing in mission effectiveness. They have proved effective in Afghanistan and Iraq by providing commanders at both the operational and tactical levels with improved intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and precision strike capabilities. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022They are being chosen over manned systems when the situation involves the dull (long mission times), the dirty (sampling for hazardous materials) and the dangerous (lethal exposure to hostile action) -- and when the unmanned systems can provide capabilities that are not achievable by manned systems,\u0022 Weiss noted. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has won a contract to support development of a roadmap designed to improve the testing and evaluation of unmanned and autonomous systems for the U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD).","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Research will provide a technology \u0027roadmap\u0027 for testing"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2008-07-31 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-07-31T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2008-07-31T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71099":{"id":"71099","type":"image","title":"UAV testing","body":null,"created":"1449177348","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:48","changed":"1475894628","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:48"},"71100":{"id":"71100","type":"image","title":"UAV testing","body":null,"created":"1449177348","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:48","changed":"1475894628","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:48"}},"media_ids":["71099","71100"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7264","name":"autonomous"},{"id":"1331","name":"evaluation"},{"id":"383","name":"test"},{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"},{"id":"7263","name":"unmanned"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71170":{"#nid":"71170","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Avalanche Photodiodes Target Bioterrorism Agents","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers have shown that a new class of ultraviolet photodiode could help meet the U.S. military\u0027s pressing requirement for compact, reliable and cost-effective sensors to detect anthrax and other bioterrorism agents in the air.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The military is currently using photomultiplier tubes, which are bulky, fragile and require a lot of power to run them, or silicon photodiodes that require a complex filter so that they only detect the desired ultraviolet light,\u0022 said Russell Dupuis, Steve W. Chaddick Endowed Chair in Electro-Optics in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENew research shows that ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes offer the high gain, reliability and robustness needed to detect these agents and help authorities rapidly contain an incident like the 2001 anthrax attacks. The fabrication methods and device characteristics were described at the 50th Electronic Materials Conference in Santa Barbara on June 25. Details of the photodiodes were also published in the February 14 issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EElectronics Letters\u003C\/em\u003E and the November 2007 issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EIEEE Photonics Technology Letters\u003C\/em\u003E.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EECE associate professor Douglas Yoder, assistant professor Shyh-Chiang Shen and senior research engineer Jae-Hyun Ryou collaborated on this research, which is funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Georgia Research Alliance. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team chose to develop avalanche photodiodes for this bioterrorism application because the devices can detect the signature fluorescence of biological molecules in a sample of air. Since most of the molecules of interest emit ultraviolet light, the researchers designed special photodiodes that detect the fluorescence in the ultraviolet region, but have no response to visible light.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We built our photodiodes with gallium nitride, which is a semiconductor that can be used to create photodiodes that require no filters because this material has an inherent response to ultraviolet, but no response to visible light,\u0022 explained Dupuis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo improve the sensitivity at ultraviolet wavelengths, the researchers designed the gallium nitride photodiodes to operate in a mode that employs avalanche multiplication. The avalanche multiplication phenomenon is used to multiply normally tiny currents by factors of up to one million, thus dramatically increasing the device gain.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAvalanche photodiodes can create much larger currents for each photon compared to normal photodiodes. Once the necessary electric field strength has been achieved inside the device, the avalanche effect starts with just one free electron. Since the illuminated photodiode will contain many free electrons, an avalanche will always occur if the electric field is large enough.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022One electron-hole pair that is produced by a photon absorption event creates a million other electron-hole pairs and the current becomes a pulse of current that you can detect with special electronics,\u0022 added Dupuis. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers fabricated high-performance gallium nitride ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes on bulk gallium nitride substrates that demonstrate optical gains of 100,000 at ultraviolet wavelengths from 280 to 360 nanometers. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe gallium nitride device structures were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, a technique for depositing thin layers of atoms onto a semiconductor wafer. Many layers can be built up, each of a precisely controlled thickness and composition, to create a material which has specific optical and electrical properties. This is the first time gallium nitride was successfully used in the fabrication of photodiodes having ultraviolet optical gains greater than 10,000.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince demonstrating the feasibility of the photodiodes to exhibit the avalanche effect, the research team has been developing a more advanced structure capable of operating as a Geiger-mode detector, so that the photodiodes are sensitive enough to detect only one photon at a time. When the Geiger-mode detector is connected to the avalanche circuitry, a single electron-hole pair can trigger a strong avalanche current to flow from just one photon.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYoder, who works at Georgia Tech\u0027s Savannah, Ga. campus, is developing computer models of the new photodiodes to calculate the detailed electronic and optical transport. Yoder\u0027s goal is to optimize the materials and design of the Geiger-mode avalanche detector to assure optimal, reproducible performance of the avalanche photodiodes.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Doug\u0027s work is pivotal because these applications don\u0027t require one working detector, they might require thousands of uniform detectors in the same chip that all function the same way, so our ability to manufacture identical photodiodes and detectors is important,\u0022 said Dupuis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith proper manufacturing, these avalanche photodiodes can be used for more than detecting bioterrorism agents. They can also be used detect fires, gun muzzle flashes, missile propulsion flames and maybe even cancer cells, according to Dupuis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe DARPA funding was supported by the Deep Ultraviolet Avalanche Photodetectors (DUVAP) program contract FA8718-07-C-0002.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Ultraviolet photodiodes demonstrate high optical gains"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Researchers have shown that a new class of ultraviolet photodiode could help meet the U.S. military\u0027s pressing requirement for compact, reliable and cost-effective sensors to detect anthrax and other bioterrorism agents in the air.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New class of ultraviolet photodiodes developed"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2008-06-25 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-06-25T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2008-06-25T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71171":{"id":"71171","type":"image","title":"Russell Dupuis","body":null,"created":"1449177348","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:48","changed":"1475894630","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:50"},"71172":{"id":"71172","type":"image","title":"Avalanche photodiodes","body":null,"created":"1449177348","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:48","changed":"1475894630","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:50"},"71173":{"id":"71173","type":"image","title":"Russell Dupuis photodiode","body":null,"created":"1449177348","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:48","changed":"1475894630","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:50"}},"media_ids":["71171","71172","71173"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1049\/el:20082830","title":"Electronics Letters article"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=105","title":"Douglas Yoder"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=134","title":"Shyh-Chiang Shen"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=129","title":"Dr. Russell Dupuis"},{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/LPT.2007.906052","title":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1132","name":"anthrax"},{"id":"7327","name":"avalanche"},{"id":"1364","name":"chemical"},{"id":"7339","name":"deposition"},{"id":"6884","name":"electron"},{"id":"6891","name":"fluorescence"},{"id":"7331","name":"gain"},{"id":"7332","name":"gallium"},{"id":"7340","name":"Geiger"},{"id":"7336","name":"hole"},{"id":"7337","name":"metalorganic"},{"id":"7334","name":"multiplication"},{"id":"7333","name":"nitride"},{"id":"7330","name":"optic"},{"id":"7335","name":"phenomenon"},{"id":"7328","name":"photodiode"},{"id":"3136","name":"photon"},{"id":"167609","name":"semiconductor"},{"id":"167318","name":"sensor"},{"id":"997","name":"terrorism"},{"id":"7329","name":"ultraviolet"},{"id":"7338","name":"vapor"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71180":{"#nid":"71180","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Grant Supports \u0022Intelligent Binoculars\u0022 that Mimic the Human Brain","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology has received a contract to help develop \u0027intelligent binoculars\u0027 that mimic the low-level image processing done by the human brain.  Called the Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System (CT2WS), the device is expected to be far more capable than portable visual threat-warning equipment currently used by the U.S. military.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA research team headed by Paul Hasler, an associate professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), will investigate the use of neuromorphic engineering to enable a CT2WS device.  Neuromorphic techniques use innovative hardware and software approaches to emulate human intelligence.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech team will be working with Hughes Research Laboratory and Northrop Grumman Corp., which have won CT2WS contracts from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Realistically, this is probably not something that\u0027s going to be one project and then it\u0027s done,\u0022 said Hasler, who is a research team leader at the Georgia Electronic Design Center (GEDC), a 200-researcher group at Georgia Tech focused on mixed-signal (analog-digital) microelectronics.  \u0022This opens up a whole avenue of thought about neural-inspired approaches to new applications.  There are likely to be a tremendous number of opportunities here going forward.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENeuromorphic engineering is interdisciplinary, using fields that include biology, physics, mathematics and computer science, as well as electrical and other types of engineering.  Its aim is to develop artificial systems -- such as vision devices or auditory processors or even robotic systems -- based to a degree on natural biological systems. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe CT2WS program\u0027s aim is to deliver several prototype units small enough to be carried by solders in the field.  DARPA has stated that these intelligent visual devices are now possible because of recent discoveries in a variety of fields, including wide-angle optics, digital imaging, cognitive visual-processing algorithms, neurally-based target detection processing and ultra low power analog-digital signal processing electronics.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA successful visual-warning device of this type could produce revolutionary capabilities for the combat soldier.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The idea of this project is to build a visual device that is attentive, that can do the kind of low-level visual processing that your eyes do naturally,\u0022 Hasler explained. \u0022You would see a certain picture in your field of view, but the device would actually be looking over a much wider space -- and if it found something interesting it would present you with that picture as well.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHasler specializes in designing analog microelectronic circuits, in particular, novel analog designs that possess some of the configurability of their digital counterparts and yet use far less power. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWorking with Associate Professor David Anderson, also in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hasler has built mixed-signal analog-digital circuits that can match the performance of all-digital designs while using hundreds of times less power and producing less heat.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHasler has already performed research relevant to the design of intelligent visual devices. With $1.2 million in funding, he and Anderson worked on an earlier DARPA program that focused on new approaches to integrating the sensing and processing of images. And when Hasler won the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, he used that funding to examine frameworks for building neural circuits.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHasler explains that power issues are vital to a project like CT2WS, which must be portable and yet have enough processing power to emulate human cognition.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This is a highly interesting platform problem because you really are trying to build, at least initially, a simple representation of one layer of human brain cortex, maybe multiple layers if you can,\u0022 Hasler said.  \u0022You need a great deal of computational power, robustness and performance, and it becomes possible because a configurable analog-digital system has a power efficiency improvement of up to 10,000 times compared to an all-digital system.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHasler adds that the new DARPA program can also be expected to stimulate speculation about whether this technology has commercial promise. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This kind of problem can serve as a roadmap for future applications,\u0022 Hasler said. \u0022It can get people from the commercial side interested because it demonstrates some very real possibilities.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Jackie Nemeth (404-894-2906); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jackie.nemeth@ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejackie.nemeth@ece.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Georgia Tech teams with major defense contractors"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"The Georgia Institute of Technology has received a contract to help develop \u0027intelligent binoculars\u0027 that mimic the low-level image processing done by the human brain.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech is part of a team developing \u0022intelligent binocula"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2008-06-20 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-06-20T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2008-06-20T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71181":{"id":"71181","type":"image","title":"Prof. Paul Hasler","body":null,"created":"1449177358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:58","changed":"1475894630","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:50"},"71182":{"id":"71182","type":"image","title":"Electronic devices","body":null,"created":"1449177358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:58","changed":"1475894630","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:50"}},"media_ids":["71181","71182"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=45","title":"Paul Hasler"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gedcenter.org\/","title":"Georgia Electronic Design Center"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7354","name":"binoculuars"},{"id":"6057","name":"image"},{"id":"856","name":"Intelligence"},{"id":"7353","name":"neuromorphic"},{"id":"820","name":"vision"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71187":{"#nid":"71187","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Receives $4 Million to Redesign Air Traffic Control Radios","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has received a $4 million contract from the U.S. Air Force to redesign critical modules used in thousands of air traffic control radios.  First fielded in 1968, these ground-based units play a vital role in keeping U.S. military aircraft safe, and the redesign should help keep the radios on the job until newer designs can replace them.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe redesign task - which must be completed in a year - is both challenging and important, said Russell S. McCrory, a GTRI senior research engineer.  Some 7,500 of these ground communications radios - known as AN\/GRT-21 and AN\/GRT-22 transmitters and AN\/GRR-23 and AN\/GRR-24 receivers - are still in service. When they break down, they often require parts that are no longer available.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This system has been in the field almost 40 years now,\u0022 said McCrory, who is project director.  \u0022Many parts now unavailable were originally manufactured by hand, and would be very expensive to reproduce today just because of the manual labor involved.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAmong other things, GTRI engineers must find ways to replace numerous semiconductor components, such as transistors and diodes that are no longer manufactured.  In some cases the original makers are no longer in business; in other cases the products are so old that no replacements are available.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EInstead of trying to reproduce the original technology, GTRI engineers are designing replacement units that use only modern off-the-shelf parts.  The aim is to give the customer a replacement module that is plug-compatible with the original unit and does the same job.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We throw away the original design, and we make a unit with the same size and the same function,\u0022 McCrory said. \u0022If the old unit had a certain meter reading to show a certain condition, the new one should work identically.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe current $4.05 million contract covers redesign of five major assemblies within the GRT\/GRR, a complex system of receivers and transmitters that operates in the VHF and UHF radio-frequency bands.  The five assemblies include a dual-band power amplifier unit, an intermediate-frequency (IF) amplifier, a mixer-multiplier, a power supply unit and a synthesizer.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This work provides both a technical challenge and a demonstration of GTRI\u0027s commitment to deliver on fast-reaction contracts,\u0022 McCrory said. \u0022Within 12 months, GTRI will produce five complete new designs including all data necessary for the government to obtain competitive bids from manufacturers, engineer prototypes, obtain the initial devices from an outside vendor and update user and operator manuals.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe said that GTRI\u0027s changes to the dual-band power amplifier will retain that assembly\u0027s unusual capacity to broadcast a 10-watt radio signal in either the VHF or UHF bands.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, the new design will re-engineer the mixer multiplier - a unit that converts received frequencies to a range that can be processed by the receiver - and also modify the IF (intermediate frequency) amplifier in the receiver, which amplifies the received radio signals. And a new power supply will increase reliability.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn replacing the current radio\u0027s original analog components, GTRI engineers are crafting a system that is still all-analog but uses new off-the-shelf technology that is widely available. This approach allows the Air Force to ask for competitive bids from numerous manufacturers rather than relying on a sole source.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe savings can be substantial, McCrory said. He cites a competing approach that would have cost the government about $500,000 for drawings of one obsolete transistor in the GRT system, and then another $500,000 for the first transistor reproduced from those drawings.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our approach will result in major savings for the military versus trying to remanufacture the original components,\u0022 he said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0027s role in maintaining the GRT\/GRR radios has evolved over several years. In 1999 the Warner Robins Air Logistics Center at Georgia\u0027s Robins Air Force Base took over engineering responsibility for the radios, and in 2005 GTRI engineers were asked to produce GRT\/GRR technical documentation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESubsequently, GTRI created a support roadmap for sustaining the units until they are retired, and the analysis showed that major radio components needed to be replaced to meet this goal. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMcCrory adds that his team has made extensive use of GTRI\u0027s SUSTAIN software in helping to identify modules requiring redesign and to justify funding requests. SUSTAIN is a multi-part management tool that helps guide maintenance\/sustainment decisions on older military systems. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEventually, McCrory explains, all Department of Defense radios are due to be replaced by a reprogrammable, software-based technology known as the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS).  Though the first JTRS systems could begin replacing high-priority radios as early as 2011, ground radios like the GRT\/GRR systems are scheduled for replacement much later - probably not until 2020 to 2025.  That means GRT\/GRR radios could require maintenance for another 18 years.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI expects its redesign to help ease the Air Force\u0027s parts inventory and logistics tasks for these radios. The new dual-band-power amplifier is expected to replace three older models, and the new mixer multiplier will replace two older models.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of GTRI\u0027s top goals, McCrory said, is to make it cheaper for the Air Force to simply plug in a new module than to repair an old one.  That would not only save money and time, but also bring broken units back online faster.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0027The Air Force, in conjunction with Tobyhanna Army Depot which does the maintenance, has done just a wonderful job keeping this system in the field,\u0022 McCrory said. \u0022We\u0027re trying to help them continue to do that, while keeping costs under control.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E); Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Work will allow vintage devices for continue operating"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has received a $4 million contract from the U.S. Air Force to redesign critical modules used in thousands of military air traffic control radios.  The work will extend the life of these radios, which were first fielded in 1968.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Redesign work will extend the life of military air traffic radio"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2008-06-16 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2008-06-16T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2008-06-16T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"71188":{"id":"71188","type":"image","title":"Air traffic control radios","body":null,"created":"1449177358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:58","changed":"1475894630","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:50"},"71189":{"id":"71189","type":"image","title":"Air traffic control radios","body":null,"created":"1449177358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:58","changed":"1475894630","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:50"},"71190":{"id":"71190","type":"image","title":"Air traffic control radios","body":null,"created":"1449177358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:15:58","changed":"1475894630","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:50"}},"media_ids":["71188","71189","71190"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7356","name":"air-traffic"},{"id":"7357","name":"module"},{"id":"1265","name":"radio"},{"id":"7355","name":"redesign"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46404":{"#nid":"46404","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Aeroacoustics Research Could Quiet Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are playing increasingly important roles in many fields. Ranging in size from the huge Global Hawk aircraft to hand-held machines, these remotely controlled devices are growing ever more vital to the U.S. armed forces in roles that include surveillance and reconnaissance.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn some instances, UAVs must fly close to their targets to gather data effectively and may evade enemy detection with sophisticated techniques like radar stealth, infrared stealth and special camouflage. Aeroacoustics researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are investigating an additional kind of stealth that could also be vital to these UAVs\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"GTRI Initiative Helps Protect UAVs from Detection"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Engineers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are helping to protect unmanned aerial vehicles by learning how to control their acoustic emissions.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New research focuses on controlling UAV acoustic emissions"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2009-01-22 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:19","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-01-22T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2009-01-22T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46405":{"id":"46405","type":"image","title":"Testing UAV acoustics","body":null,"created":"1449174428","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:27:08","changed":"1475894419","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:19","alt":"Testing UAV acoustics","file":{"fid":"101163","name":"tkp42681.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tkp42681_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tkp42681_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1097043,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tkp42681_0.jpg?itok=Uv7yxepj"}},"46406":{"id":"46406","type":"image","title":"Testing UAV emissions","body":null,"created":"1449174428","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:27:08","changed":"1475894419","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:19","alt":"Testing UAV emissions","file":{"fid":"101164","name":"tui42681.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tui42681_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tui42681_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1340471,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tui42681_0.jpg?itok=QPq_zhrc"}},"46407":{"id":"46407","type":"image","title":"Testing UAV acoustics","body":null,"created":"1449174428","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:27:08","changed":"1475894419","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:19","alt":"Testing UAV acoustics","file":{"fid":"101165","name":"twu42681.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twu42681_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twu42681_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1641142,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/twu42681_0.jpg?itok=TE4ILQnh"}}},"media_ids":["46405","46406","46407"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1501","name":"acoustic"},{"id":"464","name":"emissions"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"1500","name":"UAV"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46225":{"#nid":"46225","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Develops New Technologies to Secure Cargo Containers","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) demonstrated two cargo container security systems at a recent event sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS).  \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe two projects -- GTRI\u0027s Container Security Device (CSD) and the Composite Container Security System -- were developed under contract to the Department of Homeland Security\u0027s Science and Technology Directorate.  They were among projects featured and demonstrated in simulated and realistic supply chain scenarios at the Department\u0027s Cargo Conveyance Security Technology Demonstrations held August 17-28 at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, N.M.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERepresentatives from a broad range of organizations with interest in cargo security -- including federal agencies, congressional and committee staffers, shipping industry representatives, and government officials from Japan, Canada, Singapore, and the European Union -- attended the event.  Among the federal agencies with cargo security responsibilities are the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense, Department of State, Transportation Security Administration and Department of Energy.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022GTRI was awarded a contract to develop a container security device based on a unique solution to this complex problem,\u0022 said Gisele Bennett, director of GTRI\u0027s Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory.  \u0022The GTRI Container Security Device (CSD) is a small, inexpensive system that will detect unauthorized door opening or removals on ISO marine containers.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EISO containers by design can flex because of forces applied to them as they travel through the supply chain.   The GTRI design can account for the normal flexing of the containers without indicating a door opening when one has not occurred. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The GTRI CSD design has been assessed by the government test team to be highly promising for its resistance to tamper or compromise,\u0022 Bennett added.  \u0022The GTRI CSD is integrated with another DHS-funded system, the Marine Asset Tag Tracking System (MATTS) developed by iControl Inc.  MATTS will communicate GTRI CSD alarm data to customs organizations and industry.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn collaboration with the University of Maine, Georgia Tech has also developed a system to secure lightweight composite containers.  Teaming with the University\u0027s AEWC: Advanced Structures and Composites Center and Maine Secure Composites, LLC, Georgia Tech has developed a novel, lightweight sensor grid to incorporate within the walls, doors and floors of the composite container developed at the University of Maine.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022When combined with GTRI\u0027s CSD, the resulting container will be approximately 10-15 percent lighter and more durable than current generation steel containers, but with an embedded security and communication system that will detect breaches to any of the container\u0027s six sides and communicate security information, via MATTS, to customs organizations or carriers,\u0022 Bennett noted.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShipping containers are potential means for smuggling weapons, drugs and other contraband items across national borders.  Security systems are part of the solution because they can sound an alarm if the containers are tampered with in-transit.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe two-week demonstration was held in Albuquerque for those in government, research and industry to highlight technologies being developed to ensure that the contents of cargo containers are not tampered with or removed.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Department of Homeland Security is sponsoring research in key topical areas to discovery the necessary requirements for robust shipping container security standards.  This research is structured to develop representative container security technologies that can be integrated into an effective system.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"The Systems Were Demonstrated for the Dept. of Homeland Security"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) demonstrated two cargo container security systems at a recent event sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Two systems for securing cargo containers were demonstrated"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2009-09-07 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-09-07T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-09-07T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46226":{"id":"46226","type":"image","title":"Container ship","body":null,"created":"1449174358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:25:58","changed":"1475894412","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:12","alt":"Container ship","file":{"fid":"101028","name":"tdj48457.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdj48457_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdj48457_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":44631,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tdj48457_0.jpg?itok=R0b6NjvV"}},"46227":{"id":"46227","type":"image","title":"Cargo containers","body":null,"created":"1449174358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:25:58","changed":"1475894412","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:12","alt":"Cargo containers","file":{"fid":"101029","name":"tlg48457.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tlg48457_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tlg48457_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":59735,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tlg48457_0.jpg?itok=9akbgubf"}}},"media_ids":["46226","46227"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"6428","name":"cargo"},{"id":"7075","name":"container"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"167055","name":"security"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46246":{"#nid":"46246","#data":{"type":"news","title":"FalconView Mapping Software Goes Open Source","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has released an open-source version of its popular FalconViewTM software. The program displays topographical maps, aeronautical charts, satellite images and other maps, along with overlay tools that can be displayed on any map background.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Department of Defense has used the FalconView software program since the 1990s to analyze and display geographical and other data crucial to mission planners. The program\u0027s ease of use, open architecture and interoperability all contribute to its popularity. There were an estimated 45,000 users before the open-source version was released.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We are excited to broaden our user base outside of the Department of Defense,\u0022 said Chris Bailey, GTRI principal research engineer and FalconView project director. \u0022We expect that individual municipalities, including state, city and town governments; police forces; architects, environmental researchers and utility companies will be among those who will benefit from this new FalconView open-source software.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPolice forces can plot information on burglaries, robberies, sex crimes and other major incidents on maps in FalconView, according to Bailey. School districts can reformat school zones easily using a number of different data analyses and visualization techniques. FalconView can also be valuable for companies trying to determine the best location for their business to meet customer needs.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the past, the U.S. Department of Defense typically funded companies to develop software and these companies rarely shared the source code, which led to \u0022knowledge monopolies\u0022 because there were usually not mechanisms for secondary vendors to make improvements to the software, Bailey said. Open-source practices allow third parties to freely use source code and provide formal mechanisms to submit improvements or patches back to the main source code repository. With open source software, bugs are typically caught and repaired faster.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince FalconView already had hundreds of registered developers creating \u0022plug-in\u0022 tools for the software, and because third parties within the Department of Defense had developed programs that were integrated with FalconView, the software was a perfect candidate for becoming open source.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn July 2008, the U.S. Air Force Office of Advanced Systems and Concepts funded GTRI to create the open-source version of FalconView, which involved removing components that were not applicable to non-defense users and code that depended on classified data. Since its release on June 22, 2009, more than 1,000 copies of open-source FalconView have been downloaded from the FalconView Web site [http:\/\/www.falconview.org].\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Windows-based FalconView software package allows users to view many different imagery formats, including popular geographic information systems formats and KML, which is the code used by Google Earth and Google Maps. Municipalities can upload archived maps of their localities into FalconView and users can also download topographical, nautical, aeronautical and satellite maps from the Internet for use in FalconView.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022FalconView has advantages over most of the free mapping software products because FalconView can be used without an active Internet connection,\u0022 said GTRI research scientist Joel Odom, a member of the 11-person FalconView development team. \u0022Someone can take a file they\u0027re viewing in another program and look at it in FalconView to get a top-down two-dimensional view that they can thoroughly analyze even if they\u0027re in a boat in the middle of the ocean without a satellite uplink and downlink.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe open-source version of FalconView also contains several analysis tools. The drawing utility allows users to create custom shapes in an overlay that can be saved and shared. Calculating distances between points on a map is easy with the analysis tool. The tool also allows users to calculate the visibility between areas on the map if elevation data is available.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, a global positioning system and camera can be hooked up to the FalconView software to allow users to track their movements on a \u0022moving\u0022 map and record the exact locations where they snapped photographs.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBailey and his team plan to continue creating new features for FalconView and accepting components developed by non-GTRI programmers. GTRI will also continue to serve as the systems integrator for the software.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This new open-source version of FalconView allows us to share all of the interesting mapping capabilities of this once defense-only software with users around the world,\u0022 added Bailey. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"GTRI has released an open-source version of its popular FalconView software. The program displays topographical maps, aeronautical charts, satellite images and other maps, along with overlay tools that can be displayed on any map background.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI released an open-source version of its FalconView software."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2009-08-12 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-08-12T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-08-12T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46247":{"id":"46247","type":"image","title":"FalconView development team","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"FalconView development team","file":{"fid":"101043","name":"tsh90067.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tsh90067_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tsh90067_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1358932,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tsh90067_0.jpg?itok=adJXeGpv"}},"46248":{"id":"46248","type":"image","title":"FalconView","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"FalconView","file":{"fid":"101044","name":"tyb90067.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tyb90067_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tyb90067_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":66984,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tyb90067_0.jpg?itok=8Uk2nOVH"}},"46249":{"id":"46249","type":"image","title":"FalconView screenshot","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"FalconView screenshot","file":{"fid":"101045","name":"tio90344.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tio90344_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tio90344_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":72659,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tio90344_0.jpg?itok=dF5kFHeX"}}},"media_ids":["46247","46248","46249"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.falconview.org\/","title":"FalconView"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"139","name":"Business"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7099","name":"aeronautical"},{"id":"7096","name":"FalconView"},{"id":"7103","name":"global positioning system"},{"id":"7102","name":"GPS"},{"id":"7100","name":"imagery"},{"id":"7101","name":"KML"},{"id":"7076","name":"map"},{"id":"2572","name":"open"},{"id":"169609","name":"satellite"},{"id":"167449","name":"software"},{"id":"170844","name":"source"},{"id":"7098","name":"topographical"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["avogel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46274":{"#nid":"46274","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Heat-Transfer Material Could Allow More Powerful Radar Electronics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EOpen any computer and you\u0027re sure to see at least one massive cooling device, complete with metal fins and a noisy fan. Today\u0027s high-power processing chips generate lots of heat -- and those chips can fry quickly without some serious cooling.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing a novel material for transferring heat away from ultra-high-power defense electronics. The exotic material, a composite of diamond and copper, is one of the materials under development as part of a new concept called a \u0022Thermal Ground Plane\u0022 that aims to remove heat up to 100 times more effectively than present thermal-conducting schemes.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESuch a performance leap could be vital to cooling next-generation radars, said Jason Nadler, a GTRI research engineer. Nadler is investigating ways to bring new materials and techniques to bear on the problem.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Many areas of electronics are running up against the same issue: you just can\u0027t move the heat away fast enough to let the devices be reliable,\u0022 Nadler said. \u0022As we rely increasingly on very high-power devices, the methods of getting heat away from them have to become more efficient.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech is working with the Raytheon Co. on a project that seeks to raise thermal conductivity capabilities to 20,000 watts per meter Kelvin (a measure of thermal-conductivity efficiency). That\u0027s a tall order, considering that the current conductivity champion, for radar applications, is a copper material with performance of approximately 200 to 300 watts per meter Kelvin.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe three-phase, four-year project is sponsored by the Microsystems Technology Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis improved cooling capability could benefit future high-power transmit-receive (T\/R) module packages. Because of their higher power, those transmit-receive modules will also have higher cooling needs that may require a Thermal Ground Plane -- a sort of heat-dissipating sandwich about one millimeter thick that would be part of the T\/R module\u0027s packaging.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022A Thermal Ground Plane is basically a materials system,\u0022 Nadler explained. \u0022The most thermally conductive natural material, pure diamond, has a conductivity of about 2,000 watts per meter Kelvin. We\u0027re aiming for 20,000, and to do that we have to look at the problem from a materials systems standpoint.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler\u0027s material is one of those under development to serve as the heart of the Thermal Ground Plane. The conductivity of that material would be improved with the addition of a liquid coolant able to carry heat away from the T\/R module devices in the same way that sweat cools a body. A metal heat sink would help the liquid coolant dissipate the heat by condensing the vapor back to a fluid.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing a liquid coolant takes advantage of phase changes -- the conversion of matter between liquid and vapor states. The diamond-copper material would conduct heat to the liquid coolant and optimize cooling through wicking and evaporation. Then, the heat would be rejected as the vapor is re-condensed to a liquid on the side attached to the metal heat sink.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The trick is to use evaporation, condensation and intrinsic thermal conductivity together, in series, in a continuous system,\u0022 Nadler said. \u0022The whole device is a closed loop.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChallenges remain, however, including some specific materials issues. To form the desired materials, diamond and copper must be integrated into a porous structure that can best transfer heat and facilitate efficient evaporation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut diamond and copper don\u0027t bond well, due in part to their different coefficients of thermal expansion and chemical incompatibility. Diamond doesn\u0027t expand much when heated, while copper expands moderately. That difference leads to a thermal-expansion mismatch, which can fracture the interface between the two materials when they\u0027re heated.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, the porous internal structure of the diamond-copper material must have exactly the right size and shape to maximize its own intrinsic heat conductivity. Yet its internal structure must also be designed in ways that can help draw the liquid coolant toward the heat source to facilitate evaporation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler explained that liquid coolant flow can be maximized by fine tuning such mechanisms as the capillarity of the diamond-copper material. Capillarity refers to a given structure\u0027s ability to draw in a substance, especially a liquid, the way a sponge absorbs water or a medical technician pulls a drop of blood up into a narrow glass tube.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo be effective, the size of a capillary structure must be precisely controlled; if it\u0027s too large or too small, the wicking phenomenon won\u0027t occur. The GTRI team must size the diamond-copper material\u0027s internal structure to maximize capillarity.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We\u0027re finding ways to change the cellular structure of the diamond-copper material at the nanoscale and the microscale,\u0022 Nadler said. \u0022We\u0027re doing this by making complex open-celled structures -- basically tiny foams with exactly the right properties.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirkeng@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirkeng@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing a novel material for transferring heat away from ultra-high-power defense electronics. The exotic material is a composite of diamond and copper.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new material based on diamond could improve electronics coolin"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2009-07-09 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-07-09T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-07-09T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46275":{"id":"46275","type":"image","title":"Electronics Cooling","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"Electronics Cooling","file":{"fid":"101062","name":"tas56071.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tas56071_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tas56071_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":709360,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tas56071_0.jpg?itok=hTJ3r9WV"}},"46276":{"id":"46276","type":"image","title":"Electronics cooling","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"Electronics cooling","file":{"fid":"101063","name":"tfk56072.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfk56072_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfk56072_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1180865,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tfk56072_0.jpg?itok=KFBwuC2C"}},"46277":{"id":"46277","type":"image","title":"Electronics cooling","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"Electronics cooling","file":{"fid":"101064","name":"tvt56072.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tvt56072_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tvt56072_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1793066,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tvt56072_0.jpg?itok=ykJrpoHA"}}},"media_ids":["46275","46276","46277"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"437","name":"cooling"},{"id":"7129","name":"diamond"},{"id":"609","name":"electronics"},{"id":"7128","name":"heat-transfer"},{"id":"2621","name":"radar"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46284":{"#nid":"46284","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Team Tackles an Urgent Aircraft Defense Upgrade","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen the U.S. Air Force found that one of its key combat aircraft needed more protection from an enemy missile threat, a multidisciplinary team from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) went into action.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe problem was a pressing one. The A-10 attack aircraft, an Air Force workhorse, needed important additions to its electronic warfare (EW) countermeasures systems.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This was a rush program -- they needed it right away,\u0022 said research engineer Melanie Hill, who was GTRI\u0027s lead engineer on the program. \u0022We made it a priority across many different GTRI groups because of the broad requirements, which included electrical engineering, software development, systems engineering and mechanical engineering.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt issue was the ability of the A-10 to detect infrared signals from certain classes of enemy weapons. The A-10, an attack aircraft that often flies at lower altitudes to use its heavy guns and missiles against ground targets, could be vulnerable to those weapons.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe A-10 already carried extensive electronic warfare equipment, including the ALQ-213, a central controller that is the core of the airplane\u0027s electronic warfare systems. Essentially, it is the pilot\u0027s control center for threat protection.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ALQ-213 takes information from the aircraft\u0027s individual EW systems -- which include a radar warning receiver and signal-jamming pods -- and processes that data in a coordinated manner. The controller also handles the dispensing of chaff and flares, which are countermeasures used to decoy hostile missiles.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team\u0027s first task was to take an existing infrared-detection tool, the AAR-47 missile warning system, and determine whether it could do the job on the A-10. Then the team had to decide exactly how to add the AAR-47 to the A-10, and how to integrate the new missile-warning functions into the ALQ-213 controller.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe effort, called the A-10 Infrared Countermeasures (IRCM) Program, was on a tight schedule from the start, with 200 days to move from concept to flight test. The project was sponsored by the Warner Robins Air Logistics Center at Robins Air Force Base.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEngineers from across GTRI pulled together to meet the deadline. GTRI principal research scientist Charlie Carstensen used a pedestal-mounted A-10 located at an Air Force facility in Rome, N.Y., to establish that the AAR-47 was a viable option for the A-10.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith principal research engineer Mike Willis as program manager, principal research engineer Jeff Hallman led the AAR-47 research effort, and principal research engineer Byron Coker led the team developing the software that allowed the AAR-47 to communicate with the ALQ-213. A successful flight test kept the program on schedule.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI\u0027s next task was to take the prototype equipment that had passed the flight test and use it to develop a standardized installation kit that included a complete package of technical drawings. The kit would then be used to perform hundreds of upgrades on U.S. A-10s worldwide.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch associate Kim Wood was a leader in electrical\/mechanical design and aircraft installation, and principal research engineer Rod Beard and electrical engineer Wallace Gustad were among the GTRI personnel who worked on the original prototype used for flight testing, as well as on development of the upgrade installation kits. Numerous other engineers, technologists and scientists worked on the program\u0027s mechanical engineering and drafting needs.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo help get the actual A-10 upgrade process under way, GTRI supported the manufacture of the initial production kits, and then turned the engineering over to the Air Force for continued production.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe upgrade is now active on the U.S. A-10 fleet worldwide.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a separate but related project, a GTRI team that included Byron Coker, Mike Willis and Lee Monta\u0026ntilde;a was successful in automating the functions of the ALQ-213 on the A-10 and the F-16 combat aircraft. Now pilots of those aircraft can put their entire EW suite on fully automatic operation, giving them greater freedom to concentrate on missions.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022I think the success of the IRCM program says something about GTRI\u0027s ability and readiness to focus a broad spectrum of expertise on a given need, even in a short timeframe,\u0022 Hill said. \u0022A lot of different disciplines in GTRI worked on this program, and they worked together in ways that were both timely and highly effective.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Cont\u003C\/strong\u003Eacts: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirkeng@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirkeng@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Improvement to A-10 Aircraft Made Quickly"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"When the U.S. Air Force found that one of its key combat aircraft needed more protection from an enemy missile threat, a multidisciplinary team from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) went into action.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech helped protect a key U.S. aircraft from missiles"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2009-07-01 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-07-01T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-07-01T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46285":{"id":"46285","type":"image","title":"A-10 Maintenance","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"A-10 Maintenance","file":{"fid":"101069","name":"twb97359.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twb97359_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twb97359_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1704431,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/twb97359_0.jpg?itok=lfzrv0ei"}},"46286":{"id":"46286","type":"image","title":"Jeff Hallman","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"Jeff Hallman","file":{"fid":"101070","name":"tqv97360.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tqv97360_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tqv97360_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":676370,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tqv97360_0.jpg?itok=BVxcHInX"}},"46287":{"id":"46287","type":"image","title":"A-10 Team","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"A-10 Team","file":{"fid":"101071","name":"tiw97360.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tiw97360_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tiw97360_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":74580,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tiw97360_0.jpg?itok=mG54Ftsa"}}},"media_ids":["46285","46286","46287"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1832","name":"A-10"},{"id":"1833","name":"aircraft"},{"id":"1366","name":"defense"},{"id":"1834","name":"missile"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46291":{"#nid":"46291","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Programming Tools Allow Use of Video Game Processors for Defense Needs","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EVideo gaming computers and video game consoles available today typically contain a graphics processing unit (GPU), which is very efficient at manipulating and displaying computer graphics. However, the unit\u0027s highly parallel structure also makes it more efficient than a general-purpose central processing unit for a range of complex calculations important to defense applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers in the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering are developing programming tools to enable engineers in the defense industry to utilize the processing power of GPUs without having to learn the complicated programming language required to use them directly.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As radar systems and other sensor systems get more complicated, the computational requirements are becoming a bottleneck,\u0022 said GTRI senior research engineer Daniel Campbell. \u0022We are capitalizing on the ability of GPUs to process radar, infrared sensor and video data faster than a typical computer and at a much lower cost and power than a computing cluster.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMark Richards, a principal research engineer and adjunct professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, is collaborating with Campbell and graduate student Andrew Kerr to rewrite common signal processing commands to run on a GPU. This work is supported by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers are writing functions defined in the Vector, Signal and Image Processing Library (VSIPL) to run on GPUs. VSIPL is an open standard developed by embedded signal and image processing hardware and software vendors, academia, application developers and government labs. GPU VSIPL is available for download at (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/gpu-vsipl.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022 title=\u0022http:\/\/gpu-vsipl.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/gpu-vsipl.gtri.gatech.edu\/\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers are currently writing the functions in Nvidia\u0027s CUDA\u003Csup\u003ETM\u003C\/sup\u003E language, but the underlying principles can be applied to GPUs developed by other companies, according to Campbell. With GPU VSIPL, engineers can use high-level functions in their C programs to perform linear algebra and signal processing operations, and recompile with GPU VSIPL to take advantage of the speed of the GPU. Studies have shown that VSIPL functions operate between 20 and 350 times faster on a GPU than a central processing unit, depending on the function and size of the data set.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The results are not surprising because GPUs excel at performing repetitive arithmetic tasks like those in VSIPL, such as signal processing functions like Fourier transforms, spectral analysis, image formation and noise filtering,\u0022 noted Richards. \u0022We\u0027ve just alleviated the need for engineers to understand the entire GPU architecture by simply providing them with a library of routines that they frequently use.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research team is also assessing the advantages of GPUs by running a library of benchmarks for quantitatively comparing high-performance, embedded computing systems. The benchmarks address important operations across a broad range of U.S. Department of Defense signal and image processing applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPreliminary studies have shown several of the benchmarks have straightforward parallelization schemes that result in faster operation without requiring significant optimization. For other benchmarks, additional research needs to be conducted into optimizing the use of multiple GPUs.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the future, the researchers plan to continue expanding the GPU VSIPL, develop additional defense-related GPU function libraries and design programming tools to utilize other efficient processors, such as the cell broadband engine processor at the heart of the PlayStation 3 video game console.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"Georgia Tech researchers are developing programming tools to enable engineers in the defense industry to utilize the processing power of GPUs without having to learn the complicated programming language required to use them directly.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GPUs used for complex calculations important to defense applicat"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2009-06-24 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-06-24T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-06-24T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46292":{"id":"46292","type":"image","title":"GPU processing for defense needs","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"GPU processing for defense needs","file":{"fid":"101074","name":"tcw47052.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcw47052_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcw47052_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1386703,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tcw47052_0.jpg?itok=Z6omumU-"}},"46293":{"id":"46293","type":"image","title":"Mark Richards Dan Campbell","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"Mark Richards Dan Campbell","file":{"fid":"101075","name":"tvj47052.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tvj47052_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tvj47052_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":837484,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tvj47052_0.jpg?itok=xmSI9pLd"}},"46294":{"id":"46294","type":"image","title":"GPU","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894414","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:14","alt":"GPU","file":{"fid":"101076","name":"tmp47052.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmp47052_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmp47052_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1191835,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tmp47052_0.jpg?itok=9qjjOXgl"}}},"media_ids":["46292","46293","46294"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"143","name":"Digital Media and Entertainment"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"202","name":"campbell"},{"id":"208","name":"computing"},{"id":"199","name":"console"},{"id":"206","name":"cuda"},{"id":"207","name":"embedded"},{"id":"198","name":"game"},{"id":"205","name":"GPU"},{"id":"193","name":"graphics processing unit"},{"id":"204","name":"image processing"},{"id":"194","name":"parallel"},{"id":"196","name":"playstation"},{"id":"195","name":"processing"},{"id":"201","name":"richards"},{"id":"169432","name":"signal processing"},{"id":"197","name":"video"},{"id":"200","name":"vsipl"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["avogel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46312":{"#nid":"46312","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Center Aims to Improve Recovery of Soldiers with Severe Injuries","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen a soldier is wounded during combat, surgeons must focus on reducing infection and reconstructing damaged bone and tissues. Technologies that could improve the repair and regeneration processes are being developed in research laboratories across the country, but they are not being moved quickly enough into military trauma centers.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOrganizers of the recently established Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Bioengineering for Soldier Survivability want to change that.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The goal of the center is to rapidly move new technologies from the laboratory to patients so that we can improve the quality of life for our veterans as they return from the wars the United States is fighting,\u0022 said center director Barbara Boyan, the Price Gilbert, Jr. Chair in Tissue Engineering at the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe center will leverage the expertise of Georgia Tech researchers in musculoskeletal biology and regenerative medicine to quickly move tools that are clinically valuable, safe and effective from laboratories to use in trauma centers. To reduce the amount of time from invention to clinical use, engineers and scientists in the center work in teams that include a clinician with experience in combat medical care and a medical device industry partner. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESupport for the center is provided by the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine, the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research\u0027s Orthopedic Trauma Research Program, the U.S. Department of Defense and industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers in the center will initially focus on ways to improve the healing of wounds, segmental bone defects and massive soft tissue defects. Traumatic injuries that affect the arms, legs, head and neck require technologies for treatment at the time of injury and in the ensuing days and months.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022These combat injuries are complicated to treat because they are large and typically infected, so even determining when a soldier should be treated for optimal recovery is a challenge,\u0022 said Boyan, who is also the associate dean for research in Georgia Tech\u0027s College of Engineering and a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar. \u0022It is not known whether a regenerative therapy will be most effective if used immediately following injury or at some later time after scar tissue has been established at the wound site.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy developing models that accurately reflect the complex aspects of injuries sustained by soldiers in combat, the researchers will be able to test assumptions about when to employ specific strategies and how to ensure their effectiveness. The models must also allow them to examine the use of technologies on both male and female patients, and on complex tissues that consist of nerves, a blood supply and multiple cell types.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Since the processes of bone, vascular and neural formation are naturally linked during normal tissue development, growth and repair, our approach is to harness this knowledge by developing delivery strategies that present the right biologic cues in the right place at the right time to promote functional regeneration of multiple integrated tissues,\u0022 said associate director of the center Robert Guldberg, a professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo enhance tissue repair and regeneration following a traumatic injury, the researchers are focusing their efforts on stem cells. Even though stem cells have tremendous potential for repairing such defects, effective methods do not yet exist for delivering them to an injury site and of ensuring that they survive and remain at that site long enough to impact the regeneration process.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Clinicians currently inject stem cells into a vein and hope that the cells will migrate to sites of injury and remain at those sites long enough to participate in the repair process. While some cells certainly do migrate to injury sites, the actual percentage is very small and those that arrive at the site do not remain to engraft with the host tissue,\u0022 explained Boyan.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis limited effect may be the result of the injection process, according to Boyan, so researchers in the center are developing ways to protect the cells from damaging forces they might encounter when inserted into the body.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Studies in our laboratory have shown that when stem cells are encapsulated in microbeads, they can be injected by needle without loss of cell viability and they remain at the injury site for at least two months,\u0022 said Boyan.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EProtecting the cells during insertion is just the first step toward improved tissue repair. The researchers must also examine whether the stem cells will turn into cells typical of the implanted tissue and if they produce or should be paired with molecules that can enhance the healing of the implanted tissues.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECenter researchers are also investigating whether bone marrow-derived stem cells can be used in the body to heal large defects in bone and cartilage if they are inserted in fiber mesh scaffolds and silk sponges during a surgical procedure.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdditional projects in the center include assessing tissue viability, preventing the growth of bone in the soft tissues of the body and improving pre-hospital care of orthopedic injuries. Since effective treatment of traumatic injuries is an important goal for the general public as well as the military population, the researchers also hope to adapt their technologies for use in hospitals.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther researchers in the center include Ravi Bellamkonda, a professor in the Coulter Department; Andres Garcia, the Woodruff Faculty Fellow in the Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Robert Taylor, a professor in the Coulter Department and Emory\u0027s Division of Cardiology; Zvi Schwartz, a visiting professor in the Coulter Department; and U.S. Army surgical medicine consultants Michael Yaszemski and David Cohen.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine Expertise are Keys"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"The new Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Bioengineering for Soldier Survivability is working to quickly move tools that are clinically valuable, safe and effective from laboratories to use in military trauma centers.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New center aims to improve recovery of severely-injured soldiers"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2009-05-26 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-05-26T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-05-26T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46313":{"id":"46313","type":"image","title":"Barbara Boyan","body":null,"created":"1449174375","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:15","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"Barbara Boyan","file":{"fid":"101089","name":"toy61295.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/toy61295_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/toy61295_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1083074,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/toy61295_0.jpg?itok=DWB4-l97"}},"46314":{"id":"46314","type":"image","title":"bone defect","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"bone defect","file":{"fid":"101090","name":"tcq61295.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcq61295_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcq61295_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":35753,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tcq61295_0.jpg?itok=XYLer17y"}},"46315":{"id":"46315","type":"image","title":"Robert Guldberg","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"Robert Guldberg","file":{"fid":"101091","name":"tgx61295.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgx61295_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgx61295_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1098693,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tgx61295_0.jpg?itok=0e_e11Rj"}}},"media_ids":["46313","46314","46315"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/facultystaff\/faculty_record.php?id=48","title":"Barbara Boyan"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/faculty\/guldberg.shtml","title":"Robert Guldberg"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/","title":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/","title":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"534","name":"barbara"},{"id":"277","name":"Biology"},{"id":"530","name":"bone"},{"id":"535","name":"boyan"},{"id":"532","name":"cell"},{"id":"531","name":"defect"},{"id":"528","name":"device"},{"id":"537","name":"goldberg"},{"id":"521","name":"injury"},{"id":"527","name":"medical"},{"id":"524","name":"medicine"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"522","name":"muskuloskeletal"},{"id":"523","name":"regenerative"},{"id":"536","name":"robert"},{"id":"170849","name":"soldier"},{"id":"167258","name":"STEM"},{"id":"533","name":"tissue"},{"id":"526","name":"trauma"},{"id":"529","name":"wound"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["avogel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46323":{"#nid":"46323","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Testing Facility Is Helping Improve Land Mine Detection Equipment","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have built a test facility to evaluate and enhance sensors designed to detect buried land mines. The unique automated system measures the response of individual electromagnetic induction sensors or arrays of sensors against land mines buried at many possible angles.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EElectromagnetic induction sensors work by sending out magnetic fields and detecting the response from the electric currents generated when the field interacts with a metallic target. While simple versions of these sensors are capable of detecting most land mines, advanced sensors are required to tell the difference between a land mine and  harmless buried metal objects, which can include bottle tops, nails, shrapnel and spent bullets.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We built this facility to aid in the development of advanced electromagnetic induction sensors and associated detection algorithms, mainly because little was known about how the signals collected by these sensors from land mines changed when the mines were buried underground at odd angles,\u0022 said Waymond Scott, a professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EScott and Gregg Larson, a senior research engineer in Georgia Tech\u0027s George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, constructed the facility with funding from the U.S. Army and described it at the recent SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing Symposium. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe testing structure was built with five computer-controlled axes -- three translational stages and two rotational stages -- and one manual axis. During testing, an individual sensor or array of sensors is fixed in the middle of the measurement region while the rotational stages orient a target and move it along a prescribed path around the sensor. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor testing, the researchers place the sensor in the center of the area so that it is located as far as possible from any surrounding metal, including the floor that contains structural steel and the aluminum beams of the positioner frame. In the procedure used to measure individual targets, they also controlled for the response from the surrounding metal structures. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe system can collect measurements of typical targets, including shell casings, wire loops, ball bearings and land mines. The data from each target is plotted as response curves, which are a function of the metal content and structure of the target and help discriminate a land mine from other metal buried in the ground. Previous field tests have shown that the shape of the response curves did not change when targets were buried at different depths, but the researchers wanted to know if the same was true for targets buried at different angles. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This facility allows us to collect measurements of typical targets and clutter objects with respect to location and orientation, which would be very difficult to measure in the field due to the difficulty of accurately placing and rotating the target,\u0022 said Scott. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the symposium, the researchers presented data collected in the facility from three targets: a single wire loop, a composite target with three wire loops and a 9 millimeter shell casing. Their results with the single wire loop and shell casing showed that the shape of the response curve was the same for all of the rotation angles, but the amplitude of the response changed with rotation angle. The more complex three-loop target exhibited changes in the shape and amplitude of the curve when the rotation angle was modified.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers plan to use these results to make improvements to the sensor hardware and processing algorithms. Future efforts in the experimental facility will focus on measuring more targets and investigating methods for summarizing the massive amounts of collected data into simple physical models. The researchers also plan to improve the processing algorithms to help characterize more complicated targets and refine the detection and discrimination methods for electromagnetic induction sensors.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExperiments conducted in the facility will ultimately help researchers better discriminate between land mines and harmless metal objects, which will lead to reduced false alarm rates.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This facility will help us develop advanced electromagnetic induction sensors that are most effective and able to quickly, accurately and repetitively measure the response of a buried target,\u0022 noted Scott.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis work is supported in part by the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, Science and Technology Division, Countermine Branch and in part by the U. S. Army Research Office under Contract Number W911NF-05-1-0257. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the researchers and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: Abby Vogel (404-385-3364); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:avogel@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eavogel@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact:\u003C\/strong\u003E Waymond Scott (404-894-3048); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:waymond.scott@ece.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ewaymond.scott@ece.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Vogel\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"Researchers at Georgia Tech have built a test facility to evaluate and enhance sensors designed to detect buried land mines. The automated system measures the response of electromagnetic induction sensors against land mines buried at many possible angles.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Test facility aims to improve land mine detection equipment"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2009-05-13 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-05-14T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-05-14T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46324":{"id":"46324","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech Land Mine Testing Facility","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"Georgia Tech Land Mine Testing Facility","file":{"fid":"101097","name":"tda26236.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tda26236_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tda26236_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1418221,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tda26236_0.jpg?itok=AR-PncE0"}},"46325":{"id":"46325","type":"image","title":"Waymond Scott","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"Waymond Scott","file":{"fid":"101098","name":"teq26236.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/teq26236_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/teq26236_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1046425,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/teq26236_0.jpg?itok=4s9nGrVR"}},"46326":{"id":"46326","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech Land Mine Testing Facility","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"Georgia Tech Land Mine Testing Facility","file":{"fid":"101099","name":"thl26236.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/thl26236_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/thl26236_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1250110,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/thl26236_0.jpg?itok=-Qy9uCGW"}}},"media_ids":["46324","46325","46326"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=91","title":"Waymond Scott"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/faculty\/larson.shtml","title":"Gregg Larson"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/","title":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"644","name":"electromagnetic"},{"id":"643","name":"facility"},{"id":"645","name":"induction"},{"id":"642","name":"land mine"},{"id":"647","name":"metallic"},{"id":"167318","name":"sensor"},{"id":"383","name":"test"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Vogel\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Vogel\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["avogel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46334":{"#nid":"46334","#data":{"type":"news","title":"President\u0027s Keynote Highlights GTRI\u0027s 75th Anniversary Symposium","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and its applied-research emphasis are vital to Georgia Tech\u0027s mission, and the current support and collaboration between GTRI and the university\u0027s academic units will continue to grow.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat was the core message delivered by Georgia Tech President G.P. \u0022Bud\u0022 Peterson at the GTRI 75th Anniversary Technology Symposium on April 20.  The symposium, one of several observances of GTRI\u0027s 75th year of operation, featured presentations by GTRI researchers as well as a keynote address by the new president.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As universities are increasingly called upon to become drivers of innovation and high-end economic development, the importance of the role of GTRI and organizations like it will continue to grow,\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) and its applied-research emphasis are vital to Georgia Tech\u0027s mission, and the current support and collaboration between GTRI and the university\u0027s academic units will continue to grow, President G.P. \u0022Bud\u0022 Peterson said recently.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI\u0027s applied research emphasis is vital to Georgia Tech"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2009-05-04 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-05-04T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-05-04T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46335":{"id":"46335","type":"image","title":"President Peterson","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"President Peterson","file":{"fid":"101105","name":"tdk55509.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdk55509_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdk55509_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":942766,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tdk55509_0.jpg?itok=Fzt0o9d7"}},"46336":{"id":"46336","type":"image","title":"Jud Ready","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"Jud Ready","file":{"fid":"101106","name":"tza55509.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tza55509_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tza55509_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1000357,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tza55509_0.jpg?itok=U0aI5Crg"}},"46337":{"id":"46337","type":"image","title":"Director Stephen Cross","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"Director Stephen Cross","file":{"fid":"101107","name":"tnz55509.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tnz55509_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tnz55509_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1159205,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tnz55509_0.jpg?itok=L7Dn6V71"}}},"media_ids":["46335","46336","46337"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/president\/welcome\/","title":"G.P. (Bud) Peterson"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"715","name":"anniversary"},{"id":"340","name":"collaboration"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"365","name":"Research"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EKirk Englehardt\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Tech Research Institute\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=ke60\u0022\u003EContact Kirk Englehardt\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-407-7280\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46373":{"#nid":"46373","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Designing the Worlds First Purpose-Built Law Enforcement Vehicle","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Georgia Tech Assists with Human Factors Expertise"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Research Institute","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Human factors assistance helped a startup firm with a new vehicl"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2009-03-03 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:14","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-03-03T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2009-03-03T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46374":{"id":"46374","type":"image","title":"Carbon Motors E7","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894416","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:16","alt":"Carbon Motors E7","file":{"fid":"101134","name":"tye94828.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tye94828_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tye94828_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":459793,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tye94828_0.jpg?itok=YD65q4CN"}},"46375":{"id":"46375","type":"image","title":"E7 Cockpit","body":null,"created":"1449174401","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:26:41","changed":"1475894419","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:19","alt":"E7 Cockpit","file":{"fid":"101135","name":"tdn94828.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdn94828_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdn94828_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":579731,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tdn94828_0.jpg?itok=2q5G8ifC"}}},"media_ids":["46374","46375"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"823","name":"design"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"1248","name":"human-factors"},{"id":"1249","name":"vehicle"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"46201":{"#nid":"46201","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Vehicle Concept Would Protect Crews from Roadside Bombs","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new crew survivability concept that would build military vehicles around a protected personnel compartment and use a sacrificial \u0022blast wedge\u0022 to absorb energy from improvised explosive devices could improve safety for the occupants of future light armored patrol vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) have designed and tested the concept, dubbed ULTRA II, for the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR).  The crew-protection concept builds on an earlier GTRI development for the ONR that evaluated new concepts for light armored vehicles.  A blast test conducted with the ULTRA II full-sized crew compartment test article at the Aberdeen Test Center showed that the new concept could protect the vehicle crew from improvised explosions.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Instead of up-armoring a standard vehicle or modifying an existing drive train, we built a bubble of force protection first and then addressed vehicle mobility,\u0022 explained Vince Camp, a GTRI senior research engineer and the project\u0027s principal investigator.  \u0022The idea was to emphasize warfighter protection first by starting with design of an improved crew compartment, as opposed to starting with an existing vehicle and trying to add armor.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ULTRA II crew compartment was designed to house six persons: a driver and commander facing forward, and two pairs of crew members behind them, each pair facing opposite sides of the vehicle.  By putting their backs toward the center of the crew compartment, the concept moves the crew away from the outside walls to reduce the likelihood of injury from side blasts, provides better visibility for the crew to monitor their surroundings, allows blast-resistant seats to be frame-mounted -- and facilitates faster egress from the vehicle.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe crew compartment envisioned by GTRI uses a \u0022space frame\u0022 constructed of tubular steel -- similar to civilian off-road racing vehicles.  An armored steel \u0022skin\u0022 provides added structure and moderate ballistic and blast protection.  Additional armor is bolted onto the frame in a modular way, allowing varying levels of protection that could be easily modified in the field and changed as new high-performance armor concepts are developed.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn integral part of the protection is provided by a sacrificial \u0022blast wedge\u0022 bolted onto the bottom of the vehicle.  Constructed of welded steel armor, the wedge both deflects energy away from the vehicle and absorbs energy from a blast, performing a function similar to \u0022crumple zones\u0022 in modern civilian vehicles.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe design and fabrication of the test article was conducted by personnel in the Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory of GTRI. Tests using a heavily-instrumented test article with instrumented dummies simulating the crew showed that the wedge deflected or absorbed nearly 70 percent of the energy from an explosion beneath it.   Damage from the blast was primarily confined to the sacrificial blast wedge and there was no structural damage and no blast penetration to the crew compartment.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Energy used up in crushing and tearing the metal in the blast wedge is energy that wouldn\u0027t go into injuring the crew,\u0022 said Kevin Massey, a GTRI senior research engineer who was part of the project team.  \u0022Data from the instrumented dummies shows that had this test been conducted with real warfighters in a real vehicle, we wouldn\u0027t have seen any spinal injuries, head trauma, neck trauma or leg injuries.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause the wedge is removable, it could be replaced if damaged.  Making the blast wedge removable also allows for an overall reduction of the vehicle\u0027s height for shipping, an important issue for rapid deployment.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research team, which also included Burt Jennings, Cal Jameson, Jake Leverett and Mark Entrekin, combined non-linear dynamic blast simulations and neural networks to study how blast forces would affect the vehicle.  Conventional finite element analysis also provided valuable design feedback in development of the ULTRA II test article. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere were many tradeoffs to consider in designing the new concept, including vehicle height and resistance to blast forces that may come from many different angles.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022To survive the blast, you want to get as high off the ground as possible,\u0022 Massey noted.  \u0022But the higher you are off the ground, the more likely you are to roll over.  This is an example of the tradeoffs that have to be balanced.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to crew protection, the researchers also designed a translating door that would provide a large side opening similar to that of existing civilian minivans.  Such a door system would provide improved ingress\/egress for the crew and could remain open when the vehicle is moving. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has presented data from the test to the Office of Naval Research, and hopes to pursue additional refinements to the blast wedge and overall vehicle concept.  Among the goals would be to improve energy absorption from the blast wedge, and to evaluate whether the crew compartment should separate from the drive train in certain types of blasts.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We think that the concept of a space-frame design is a very viable one, and we want to take the lessons we\u0027ve learned so far to improve on it,\u0022 Massey added.  \u0022We\u0027d also like to see if the concept of the energy-absorbing wedge can be applied to existing vehicles that are already out there.  The bottom line is saving people\u0027s lives and protecting them from injury.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Sacrificial \u0022Blast Wedge\u0022 Deflects and Absorbs Energy"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"A new crew survivability concept that would build military vehicles around a protected personnel compartment and use a sacrificial \u201cblast wedge\u201d\u009d to absorb energy from improvised explosive devices could improve safety for the occupants of future light armored patrol vehicles.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have tested a new vehicle concept to counter explosi"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2009-10-13 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:09","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2009-10-13T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2009-10-13T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46202":{"id":"46202","type":"image","title":"Welding the ULTRA II","body":null,"created":"1449174358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:25:58","changed":"1475894151","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:35:51","alt":"Welding the ULTRA II","file":{"fid":"99990","name":"ttx36548.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttx36548_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttx36548_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1346766,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ttx36548_1.jpg?itok=UYlRY7FV"}},"46203":{"id":"46203","type":"image","title":"Shipping the ULTRA II","body":null,"created":"1449174358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:25:58","changed":"1475894412","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:12","alt":"Shipping the ULTRA II","file":{"fid":"101012","name":"tql36548.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tql36548.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tql36548.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1502610,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tql36548.jpg?itok=FgIqK0tc"}}},"media_ids":["46202","46203"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7034","name":"blast"},{"id":"3095","name":"explosion"},{"id":"7033","name":"IED"},{"id":"3938","name":"protection"},{"id":"169419","name":"survivability"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"72563":{"#nid":"72563","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GT Defense Technology Begins Learning Assessments","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u0027s defense technology education program is implementing an assessment of learning in its professional short courses to further strengthen its certificates in Antenna Engineering, Electronic Warfare Technology, Infrared \u0026amp; Electro-Optical Technology, Radar Systems, Radar Signal Processing \u0026amp; Techniques, and Modeling \u0026amp; Simulation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022By assessing our attendees in this manner, our certificates will be more meaningful and valuable to our students and their companies,\u0022 said Dr. Bill Holm, assistant vice provost for Distance Learning and Professional Education and director of the Georgia Tech defense technology education program.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeginning in September, the assessments are required if the short course counts toward a certificate.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The assessments can be as simple as 10 multiple-choice questions given each day at the beginning of the course,\u0022 Holm said. \u0022Students would then answer the questions and submit them at the end of the day.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStudents attending at least 80 percent of the class receive a Certificate of Attendance indicating the continuing education units earned. Students who also pass the assessment receive a Certificate of Successful Completion indicating the CEUs earned and that the course helps satisfies requirements for a professional certificate. Depending on the field of study, five or six courses are required for a professional certificate.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFour courses in systems engineering are also being introduced to meet growing industry demand, as well as five other defense courses. These new systems engineering courses will eventually become part of a certificate program:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tFundamentals of Modern Systems Engineering,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tLeading Systems Engineering Teams,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tModeling and Simulation for Systems Engineering, and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tSystems Design and Analysis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to the systems engineering courses, the defense technology education program has added six short courses to its 58-course inventory:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tRadar Waveforms: Properties, Analysis, Design, and Applications,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tIntroduction to Wireless Communication Systems,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tModeling and Simulation of Antennas\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tAtmospheric LIDAR Engineering\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tIntroduction to MIL-STD-1553, and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-\tTransmit\/Receive Modules for Phased Array Radar: Components, Construction, and Costs.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022All of our defense technology courses highlight some of the latest research efforts of our scientists and engineers,\u0022 Holm said. \u0022Our researchers work on the forefront of science and technology to improve the defense preparedness of the U.S. We understand the importance lifelong education plays in that preparedness.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 2006-2007 defense technology course schedule is posted online at \u003Ca href=\u0027http:\/\/www.pe.gatech.edu\/\u0027\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.pe.gatech.edu\/\u003C\/a\u003E. For more information about upcoming courses or the defense technology program, contact Holm at 404-385-6158 or \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:bill.holm@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ebill.holm@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFOR MORE INFORMATION\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nJennifer Wooley\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAssistant Director of Client Marketing\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n404-385-7460\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jennifer.wooley@dlpe.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejennifer.wooley@dlpe.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Georgia Tech defense technology introduces learning assessments for certificates"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Defense technology program assesses its short courses to strengthen certificates in Antenna Engineering, Electronic Warfare Technology, Infrared \u0026amp; Electro-Optical Technology, Radar Systems, Radar Signal Processing \u0026amp; Techniques, and Modeling \u0026amp; Simulation.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Professional short courses begins assessments"}],"uid":"27301","created_gmt":"2006-10-23 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:01:42","author":"Elizabeth Campell","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2006-10-23T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2006-10-23T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"72564":{"id":"72564","type":"image","title":"Tech Tower","body":null,"created":"1449177934","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:25:34","changed":"1475894661","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:21"}},"media_ids":["72564"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.pe.gatech.edu\/","title":"Professional Education"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2616","name":"antenna"},{"id":"1653","name":"continuing education"},{"id":"1366","name":"defense"},{"id":"410","name":"DLPE"},{"id":"2619","name":"electro-optical"},{"id":"2618","name":"infrared"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"2623","name":"modeling"},{"id":"2615","name":"professional courses"},{"id":"2621","name":"radar"},{"id":"2622","name":"radar signal processing \u0026 Techniques"},{"id":"2620","name":"radar systems"},{"id":"169422","name":"short courses"},{"id":"167045","name":"simulation"},{"id":"2617","name":"warfare"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003ELisa Grovenstein\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECommunications \u0026amp; Marketing\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=lgrovenste3\u0022\u003EContact Lisa Grovenstein\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-8835\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"72318":{"#nid":"72318","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Engine Helps Satellites Blast Off With Less Fuel","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers have developed a new protoype engine that allows satellites to take off with less fuel, opening the door for deep space missions, lower launch costs and more payload in orbit.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe efficient satellite engine uses up to 40 percent less fuel by running on solar power while in space and by fine-tuning exhaust velocity. Satellites using the Georgia Tech engine to blast off can carry more payload thanks to the mass freed up by the smaller amount of fuel needed for the trip into orbit. Or, if engineers wanted to use the reduced fuel load another way, the satellite could be launched more cheaply by using a smaller launch vehicle.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe fuel-efficiency improvements could also give satellites expanded capabilities, such as more maneuverability once in orbit or the ability to serve as a refueling or towing vehicle.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech project, lead by Dr. Mitchell Walker, an assistant professor in the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, was funded by a grant from the U.S. Air Force. The project team made significant experimental modifications to one of five donated satellite engines from aircraft engine manufacturer Pratt \u0026amp; Whitney to create the final prototype.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe key to the engine improvements, said Walker, is the ability to optimize the use of available power, very similar to the transmission in a car. A traditional chemical rocket engine (attached to a satellite ready for launch) runs at maximum exhaust velocity until it reaches orbit, i.e. first gear.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new Georgia Tech engine allows ground control units to adjust the engine\u0027s operating gear based on the immediate propulsive need of the satellite. The engine operates in first gear to maximize acceleration during orbit transfers and then shifts to fifth gear once in the desired orbit. This allows the engine to burn at full capacity only during key moments and conserve fuel.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022You can really tailor the exhaust velocity to what you need from the ground,\u0022 Walker said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech engine operates with an efficient ion propulsion system. Xenon (a noble gas) atoms are injected into the discharge chamber. The atoms are ionized, (electrons are stripped from their outer shell), which forms xenon ions. The light electrons are constrained by the magnetic field while the heavy ions are accelerated out into space by an electric field, propelling the satellite to high speeds.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETech\u0027s significant improvement to existing xenon propulsion systems is a new electric and magnetic field design that helps better control the exhaust particles, Walker said. Ground control units can then exercise this control remotely to conserve fuel.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe satellite engine is almost ready for military applications, but may be several years away from commercial use, Walker added.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Engine lets satellites take more hardware into orbit, reposition more easily"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Georgia Tech researchers have a created a new satellite technology that allows satellites to blast off with less fuel, opening the door for deep space missions, lower launch costs and more hardware on board.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Savings allow deep space missions, cheaper launch"}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2007-02-22 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:01:37","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2007-02-22T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2007-02-22T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"72319":{"id":"72319","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech engine","body":null,"created":"1449177454","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:34","changed":"1475894656","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:16"},"72320":{"id":"72320","type":"image","title":"Mitchell Walker","body":null,"created":"1449177454","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:17:34","changed":"1475894656","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:16"}},"media_ids":["72319","72320"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ae.gatech.edu\/people\/mwalker\/","title":"Dr. Mitchell Walker"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ae.gatech.edu\/","title":"Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1325","name":"aerospace"},{"id":"2479","name":"deep space mission"},{"id":"516","name":"engineering"},{"id":"246","name":"Georgia Institute of Technology"},{"id":"2474","name":"Mitchell Walker"},{"id":"169609","name":"satellite"},{"id":"169608","name":"satellites"},{"id":"167589","name":"School of Aerospace Engineering"},{"id":"2478","name":"U.S. Air Force"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003ELisa Grovenstein\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECommunications \u0026amp; Marketing\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=lgrovenste3\u0022\u003EContact Lisa Grovenstein\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-8835\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"71994":{"#nid":"71994","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Ga. Tech Sting Racing Team Selected as Finalist","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u0027s College of Computing today announced that the Sting Racing team competing in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency\u0027s (DARPA) Urban Challenge has passed its site visit and is one of 36 teams judged technologically capable of competing in the final round. The team\u0027s autonomous vehicle, Sting 1, successfully completed all four tests during its capabilities evaluation on June 18, taking it into the next stage in this two-year competition among leading research and technology universities in the United States.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As a first year competitor in the Urban Challenge, qualifying for the semi-final round is a major accomplishment and testament to the passion and dedication of our team,\u0022 said Dr. Henrik Christensen, KUKA Chair of Robotics for the College of Computing at Georgia Tech and Principal Investigator for Sting Racing. \u0022Our robotics program at Georgia Tech is relatively new, but the progress we have shown over a short period of time has positioned us among the best in the nation.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the visit, DARPA personnel assessed the ability of the autonomous vehicle to perform tasks and operate safely. Sting was evaluated on its ability to navigate a test course that included a four-way intersection, and moving traffic. This evaluation cover a subset of the challenges that the robotic vehicles will face on the final Urban Challenge course, including merging into moving traffic, navigating traffic circles, negotiating busy intersections and avoiding obstacles.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESting Racing, a joint collaboration between Georgia Tech\u0027s College of Computing, College of Engineering, the Georgia Tech Research Institute and SAIC, selected a Porsche Cayenne, designated Sting 1, as the base vehicle for its entry in the Urban Design Challenge. For nearly a year the members of the Sting Racing team have been working to program the robot to drive autonomously by staying on course and recognizing obstacles in its way, such as other cars.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0022We have put in a lot of long hours over the past year preparing Sting 1 for this site visit - the first major trial in the Urban Grand Challenge,\u0022 noted Matt Powers, a student at Georgia Tech and member of the Sting Racing team. \u0022So passing all four tests during the site visit was extremely rewarding. We look forward now to making it all the way to the finals.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDARPA uses the site visit evaluation to select the competition\u0027s semi-finalists - the top 36 teams that will participate in the National Qualification Event (NQE), an exercise to demonstrate the safety of the vehicles on October 21-31. Earlier this afternoon, DARPA announced the other semi-finalists as well as the location of the NQE and Urban Challenge - the former George Air Force Base in Victorville, California. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Urban Challenge is the third in a series of DARPA-sponsored competitions to foster the development of robotic ground vehicle technology without a human operator, designed for use on the battlefield. The Urban Challenge, set for November 3, 2007, will feature autonomous ground vehicles executing simulated military supply missions safely and effectively in a mock urban area. Safe operation in traffic is essential to U.S. military plans to use autonomous ground vehicles to conduct important missions and keep American personnel out of harm\u0027s way. DARPA will award $2 million, $1 million and $500,000 awards to the top three finishers that complete the course within the six-hour time limit.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Sting 1 Porsche Cayenne is available for media demonstrations. For more information, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.sting-racing.org\u0022 title=\u0022www.sting-racing.org\u0022\u003Ewww.sting-racing.org\u003C\/a\u003E.\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"The Sting Racing team will be one of 36 teams competing in the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency\u0027s (DARPA) Urban Challenge this fall.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Team Passes Site Visit and Heads to Finals in Fall"}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2007-08-09 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:01:05","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2007-08-09T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2007-08-09T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/grandchallenge\/index.asp","title":"DARPA"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.coc.gatech.edu\/","title":"College of Computing"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"654","name":"College of Computing"},{"id":"690","name":"darpa"},{"id":"667","name":"robotics"},{"id":"170760","name":"Sting"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EBecky Biggs\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EGCI Atlanta\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=0\u0022\u003EContact Becky Biggs\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-260-3510\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["rbiggs@gcigroup.com"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}