{"689832":{"#nid":"689832","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Why Iran Targeted Amazon Data Centers and What That Does \u2013 and Doesn\u2019t \u2013 Change About\u00a0Warfare","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022theconversation-article-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBefore dawn on March 1, 2026, Iranian Shahed drones \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2026\/mar\/07\/it-means-missile-defence-on-data-centres-drone-strikes-raises-doubts-over-gulf-as-ai-superpower\u0022\u003Estruck two Amazon Web Services data centers\u003C\/a\u003E in the United Arab Emirates. A third commercial data center in Bahrain \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2026\/03\/04\/amazon-bahrain-data-centers-targeted-iran-drone-strike.html\u0022\u003Ewas hit\u003C\/a\u003E, though it is less clear whether it was deliberately targeted. This is the first time that a country has deliberately targeted commercial data centers during wartime.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIran state media issued a statement on March 31 that it will \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.wired.me\/story\/war-on-big-tech-iran-names-israeli-linked-us-firms-as-potential-targets\u0022\u003Etarget American companies\u003C\/a\u003E, including Microsoft, Google, Apple, Meta, Oracle, Intel, HP, IBM, Cisco, Dell, Palantir and Nvidia. The Financial Times reported that an additional Iranian drone \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/amazons-cloud-business-bahrain-damaged-iran-strike-ft-reports-2026-04-01\/\u0022\u003Estruck an Amazon data center\u003C\/a\u003E in Bahrain on April 1. And Iranian state media claimed that Iranian forces \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/iran-news\/article-891951\u0022\u003Eattacked an Oracle data center\u003C\/a\u003E in Dubai on April 2.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIran has also been on the receiving end of such attacks. A data center in Tehran operated by Iran\u2019s state-run Bank Sepah was \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/iran-news\/article-889604\u0022\u003Estruck by a missile\u003C\/a\u003E \u2013 apparently fired by U.S. or Israeli forces \u2013 on March 11, according to a report in The Jerusalem Post.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EData centers have been targets of espionage and cyberattacks in the past, notably when Ukrainian hackers \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/kyivindependent.com\/sources-ukrainian-hackers-destroy-data-center-used-by-russian-military-industry\/\u0022\u003Edestroyed data stored in a Russian military-affiliated data center\u003C\/a\u003E in 2024. These strikes in the Persian Gulf region, however, were physical attacks. Drones damaged buildings.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAdvances in artificial intelligence have increased the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.techtimes.com\/articles\/315268\/20260321\/why-big-tech-pouring-billions-ai-data-centers-reinventing-tech-infrastructure.htm\u0022\u003Eimportance of data centers\u003C\/a\u003E. The U.S. military, in particular, has made great use of AI systems \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us-military-leans-into-ai-for-attack-on-iran-but-the-tech-doesnt-lessen-the-need-for-human-judgment-in-war-277831\u0022\u003Efor decision support\u003C\/a\u003E in its attacks on Iran and Venezuela. Given how important data centers are, Iranian forces could be targeting the infrastructure Iran\u2019s leaders believe is supporting strikes on Iran.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is not altogether clear that these particular data centers were used by the U.S. military. Instead, the attacks may have been part of a broader effort to punish the United Arab Emirates for its ties with the U.S.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn my experience as \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en\u0026amp;user=MOsQPM0AAAAJ\u0026amp;view_op=list_works\u0026amp;sortby=pubdate\u0022\u003Ea Ph.D. candidate\u003C\/a\u003E at Georgia Tech studying how technology drives changes in international security, I don\u2019t think the attacks signal any significant change in the nature of warfare. But they are forcing nations to recognize that data centers are targets of war \u2013 even if they don\u2019t directly support military operations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EData Centers and the Cloud\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe United States military is increasingly incorporating advanced AI capabilities \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us-military-leans-into-ai-for-attack-on-iran-but-the-tech-doesnt-lessen-the-need-for-human-judgment-in-war-277831\u0022\u003Einto its decision support systems\u003C\/a\u003E. From the operation to \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/politics\/national-security\/pentagon-used-anthropics-claude-in-maduro-venezuela-raid-583aff17\u0022\u003Ecapture Venezuelan President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro\u003C\/a\u003E to supporting \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.axios.com\/newsletters\/axios-am-f0954cb2-2f31-4426-87fd-050095005344.html\u0022\u003Emilitary strikes against Iran\u003C\/a\u003E, the U.S. has been using AI, especially Anthropic\u2019s Claude, for intelligence analysis and operational support.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAI is unlocking faster ways to carry out operations in war, but the AI tools the military often uses are not located on a plane or ship. When a service member uses Claude, the computing infrastructure that powers the model and its analysis usually goes to a secure Amazon Web Services cloud that \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/federal\/top-secret-cloud\/\u0022\u003Ehosts secret government data\u003C\/a\u003E and software tools.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cfigure\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ciframe width=\u0022440\u0022 height=\u0022260\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3Yh9OddmgS0?wmode=transparent\u0026amp;start=0\u0022 frameborder=\u00220\u0022 allowfullscreen=\u0022\u0022\u003E\u003C\/iframe\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022caption\u0022\u003EThe basics of data centers explained.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/figcaption\u003E\u003C\/figure\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECommercial data centers are where the cloud lives. The next time you pull up Netflix and watch your favorite shows, you are likely streaming the programming from a data center, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/next\/2022\/09\/07\/netflix-costs\u0022\u003Epossibly AWS\u003C\/a\u003E. When AWS data centers go down, outages \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/amazon-web-services-outage-websites-offline-rcna238594\u0022\u003Eaffect all sorts of entertainment, news and government functions\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith AI as a driver of economic growth, data centers are key forms of infrastructure. They ensure that AI can continue to run, as well as much of the underlying internet that governments and industry rely on. When Iran attacked the UAE\u2019s data centers, it caused widespread disruption to the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.tomshardware.com\/tech-industry\/drone-strikes-hit-three-aws-data-centers-in-the-uae-and-bahrain\u0022\u003Elocal banking system\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECommercial data centers enable most of the technology that runs the modern world, including AI systems. Disrupting them is key to disrupting a country\u2019s military and society. Given that AWS provides and operates many of the commercial data centers where the cloud lives, it is likely that its data centers will continue to be targeted in conflict.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EGoing After US Allies\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/133685\/iranian-attacks-amazon-data-centers-legal-analysis\/\u0022\u003EJust Security noted\u003C\/a\u003E on March 12, 2026, that the United States requires cloud-computing service providers to store government and military data \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.acquisition.gov\/dfars\/239.7602-2-required-storage-data-within-united-states-or-outlying-areas.\u0022\u003Ewithin the U.S. or on Department of Defense bases\u003C\/a\u003E: \u201cMoving such data to Amazon data centers in the Gulf region would require special authorization; we are unaware if that has been granted.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENevertheless, Iran\u2019s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps claimed the strikes were against data centers supporting \u201cthe enemy\u2019s\u201d military and intelligence activities. And 10 days after the initial attack on the data centers, an Iranian news agency claimed that major tech company data centers and other physical assets in the region were considered \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/next\/2026\/03\/12\/enemy-technology-infrastructure-iran-threatens-amazon-google-and-microsoft-assets-in-middl\u0022\u003Eenemy technology infrastructure\u003C\/a\u003E.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInstead of military reasons, Iran may well have targeted the UAE to \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2026\/03\/15\/iran-us-war-uae-target-aggression.html\u0022\u003Erattle the global economy and garner attention\u003C\/a\u003E. Given the prominence of the Gulf as a major recipient of \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/thehill.com\/business\/5783723-us-war-iran-middle-east-ai\/\u0022\u003EU.S. technological investment\u003C\/a\u003E, the attack may also have been a symbolic one aimed at the heart of U.S.-Gulf cooperation. AI infrastructure such as commercial data centers is a \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/10\/silicon-statecraft-how-u-s-gulf-ai-deals-project-power\/\u0022\u003Egrowing part of U.S. leadership in the region\u003C\/a\u003E, and this war could jeopardize the future of AI infrastructure in the Gulf.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cfigure class=\u0022align-center zoomable\u0022\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/727486\/original\/file-20260331-63-1g9hbt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0\u0026amp;q=45\u0026amp;auto=format\u0026amp;w=1000\u0026amp;fit=clip\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022men wearingwhite robes and headdresses stand over a model of an industrial park\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/727486\/original\/file-20260331-63-1g9hbt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0\u0026amp;q=45\u0026amp;auto=format\u0026amp;w=754\u0026amp;fit=clip\u0022 srcset=\u0022https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/727486\/original\/file-20260331-63-1g9hbt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0\u0026amp;q=45\u0026amp;auto=format\u0026amp;w=600\u0026amp;h=400\u0026amp;fit=crop\u0026amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/727486\/original\/file-20260331-63-1g9hbt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0\u0026amp;q=30\u0026amp;auto=format\u0026amp;w=600\u0026amp;h=400\u0026amp;fit=crop\u0026amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/727486\/original\/file-20260331-63-1g9hbt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0\u0026amp;q=15\u0026amp;auto=format\u0026amp;w=600\u0026amp;h=400\u0026amp;fit=crop\u0026amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/727486\/original\/file-20260331-63-1g9hbt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0\u0026amp;q=45\u0026amp;auto=format\u0026amp;w=754\u0026amp;h=503\u0026amp;fit=crop\u0026amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/727486\/original\/file-20260331-63-1g9hbt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0\u0026amp;q=30\u0026amp;auto=format\u0026amp;w=754\u0026amp;h=503\u0026amp;fit=crop\u0026amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/727486\/original\/file-20260331-63-1g9hbt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0\u0026amp;q=15\u0026amp;auto=format\u0026amp;w=754\u0026amp;h=503\u0026amp;fit=crop\u0026amp;dpr=3 2262w\u0022 sizes=\u0022(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022caption\u0022\u003EThis model shows a massive data center, part of the Stargate project involving U.S. tech companies, currently under construction in the United Arab Emirates.\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca class=\u0022source\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/guests-look-at-a-model-of-the-largest-data-center-in-the-news-photo\/2244357858\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022attribution\u0022\u003EGiuseppe CACACE\/AFP via Getty Images\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/figcaption\u003E\u003C\/figure\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EGrowing Importance, Easy Targets\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThough data centers are increasingly important for national security, the economy and society at large, it can be tempting to suggest these strikes represent a fundamental shift in the nature of war. While that is a possibility, it is important to remember that Iran launched thousands of missiles and drones at targets in the UAE and Bahrain. Though the vast majority were intercepted, the four that struck data centers are a small portion of the ones that got through to civilian targets in those countries, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2026\/03\/01\/iranian-strikes-hit-dubai-and-abu-dhabi-damaging-airport-terminals-and-the-burj-al-arab\u0022\u003Eincluding strikes on airports and hotels\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe relative vulnerability of commercial data centers \u2013 they are large, relatively fragile and lack dedicated air defenses \u2013 suggests that the ones in the UAE and Bahrain may have been targets of opportunity or convenience. In other words, they were hit because they could be hit.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENevertheless, it seems likely that as the use of AI tools and other cloud-based resources continues to grow in importance for countries around the world, commercial data centers will be targets in future conflicts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis article has been updated to include news of Iran\u2019s statement about targeting U.S. tech companies and subsequent drone strikes on other data centers.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C!-- Below is The Conversation\u0027s page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --\u003E\u003Cimg style=\u0022border-color:!important;border-style:none;box-shadow:none !important;margin:0 !important;max-height:1px !important;max-width:1px !important;min-height:1px !important;min-width:1px !important;opacity:0 !important;outline:none !important;padding:0 !important;\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/278642\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\u0022 alt=\u0022The Conversation\u0022 width=\u00221\u0022 height=\u00221\u0022 referrerpolicy=\u0022no-referrer-when-downgrade\u0022\u003E\u003C!-- End of code. If you don\u0027t see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis article is republished from \u003C\/em\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/theconversation.com\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe Conversation\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cem\u003E under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003C\/em\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-iran-targeted-amazon-data-centers-and-what-that-does-and-doesnt-change-about-warfare-278642\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003Eoriginal article\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","summary":"","format":"full_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAttacks are forcing nations to recognize that data centers are targets of war \u2013 even if they don\u2019t directly support military operations.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Attacks are forcing nations to recognize that data centers are targets of war \u2013 even if they don\u2019t directly support military operations."}],"uid":"27469","created_gmt":"2026-04-01 15:49:40","changed_gmt":"2026-04-17 16:14:54","author":"Kristen Bailey","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2026-04-01T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2026-04-01T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"679990":{"id":"679990","type":"image","title":"Smoke rises in Abu Dhabi on March 1, 2026, after Iranian drone strikes around the city, including on data centers. Ryan Lim\/AFP via Getty Images","body":"\u003Cp\u003ESmoke rises in Abu Dhabi on March 1, 2026, after Iranian drone strikes around the city, including on data centers. \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/news-photo\/plume-of-smoke-rises-from-the-zayed-port-following-a-news-photo\/2263708545\u0022\u003ERyan Lim\/AFP via Getty Images\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1776441044","gmt_created":"2026-04-17 15:50:44","changed":"1776441044","gmt_changed":"2026-04-17 15:50:44","alt":"Smoke rises in Abu Dhabi on March 1, 2026, after Iranian drone strikes around the city, including on data centers. Ryan Lim\/AFP via Getty Images","file":{"fid":"264220","name":"file-20260331-77-tscakw.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/17\/file-20260331-77-tscakw.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/17\/file-20260331-77-tscakw.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":303736,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/04\/17\/file-20260331-77-tscakw.jpg?itok=9K17Zwpq"}}},"media_ids":["679990"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-iran-targeted-amazon-data-centers-and-what-that-does-and-doesnt-change-about-warfare-278642","title":"Read This Article on The Conversation"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"},{"id":"194974","name":"go-theconversation"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71901","name":"Society and Culture"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Ch5\u003EAuthor:\u003C\/h5\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/dennis-murphy-2626011\u0022\u003EDennis Murphy\u003C\/a\u003E, Ph.D. student of International Affairs, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/georgia-institute-of-technology-1310\u0022\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch5\u003EMedia Contact:\u003C\/h5\u003E\u003Cp\u003EShelley Wunder-Smith\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:shelley.wunder-smith@research.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eshelley.wunder-smith@research.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"689758":{"#nid":"689758","#data":{"type":"news","title":"McChrystal Brings Lesson on Character to Georgia Tech ","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWork on your character, be honest with yourself, and never stop reading. That was the advice from retired U.S. Army Gen. Stanley McChrystal at a recent fireside chat in the John Lewis Student Center\u2019s Walter Ehmer Theater.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Character is the essence of who we are,\u0022 McChrystal told the audience, \u0022but it is also the product of the discipline we have to actually live to that.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe retired general visited campus April 13 at the invitation of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn his conversation with Nunn School Professor of the Practice John Tien, a former Army colonel and intelligence official, the retired general reflected on the fragility of national unity and the \u0022tactical choices\u0022 that define a life.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMcChrystal said vulnerability and the ability to admit error are crucial for developing leadership qualities. He told the audience about a decision he had made that later led operators to hesitate in calling for necessary air support, a mistake he owned instead of explaining away.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo sharpen the judgment required for such moments, McChrystal urged students to view reading as a way to experience the lives and mistakes of others.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAs soon as you stop [reading], I think you stop thinking,\u0022 he said.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMcChrystal noted the high level of distrust in government across much of society. Coming to expect lying or stealing from a political leader can lead some to conclude that it\u2019s ok for you to do that, too, he said. He urged audience members to resist that urge.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo counter political polarization and distrust, McChrystal proposed mandatory national service, suggesting that such a year spent serving other Americans and meeting those with different accents and attitudes would create \u0022shareholders\u0022 in the nation who are more likely to vote, and to engage with and learn from those from different backgrounds.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech President \u00c1ngel Cabrera noted that the talk coincided with the launch of the Georgia Tech Institute for Technology and Civic Leadership and highlights the Institute\u2019s desire to graduate leaders prepared to guide society.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe don\u2019t say, \u0027We\u2019re going to educate engineers or architects,\u201d he said. \u201cWe say, \u2018We\u2019re going to develop leaders.\u0022\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe former commander of U.S. special operations forces discussed his views on character, the state of society, and the eternal importance of reading.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The former commander of U.S. special operations forces discussed his views on character, the state of society, and the eternal importance of reading."}],"uid":"34600","created_gmt":"2026-04-15 15:03:04","changed_gmt":"2026-04-15 15:11:10","author":"mpearson34","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"679952":{"id":"679952","type":"image","title":"Gen. Stanley McChrystal and Nunn School Professor of the Practice John Tien","body":"\u003Cp\u003EFormer U.S. special operations commander Gen. Stanley McChrystal, left, visited Georgia Tech on April 13, 2026, to discuss his views on character, society, the importance of reading, and more.\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1776265394","gmt_created":"2026-04-15 15:03:14","changed":"1776265394","gmt_changed":"2026-04-15 15:03:14","alt":"Two men dressed in sportscoats sitting in beige chairs with a blue curtain in the background. A table with water bottles sits between them.","file":{"fid":"264178","name":"PXL_20260413_163214147.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/15\/PXL_20260413_163214147.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/15\/PXL_20260413_163214147.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1789385,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/04\/15\/PXL_20260413_163214147.jpg?itok=lJicG4X6"}}},"media_ids":["679952"],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EMichael Pearson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"689559":{"#nid":"689559","#data":{"type":"news","title":"On Character: A Fireside Chat With General Stanley McChrystal","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Sam Nunn School of International Affairs is honored to welcome General Stanley McChrystal for \u0022On Character: A Fireside Chat With General Stanley McChrystal\u0022 on April 13 at 12 p.m. in the John Lewis Student Center\u0027s Ehmer Theater. Gen. McChrystal is a retired United States Army general best known for his command of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) from 2003-08, during which his organization was credited with the death of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHe will be joined by the Honorable John Tien, former Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security and Nunn School Distinguished Professor of the Practice, for a fireside chat to discuss his book \u003Cem\u003EOn Character: Choices that Define a Life\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETogether, they will explore the insights found within its pages and examine the lessons learned from a lifetime of service.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter a career of service, retired four-star general Stanley McChrystal had much to contemplate. He pondered his successes and failures, his beliefs and aspirations, and asked himself, \u0022Who am I, really? And more importantly, who have I become? When I die, how will I be measured?\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the end, McChrystal came to a conclusion as simple as it was profound: the reality of who we are cannot be recorded in dates or accomplishments. It is found in our character\u2014the most accurate, and last full measure, of who we choose to be. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EOn Character\u003C\/em\u003E offers McChrystal\u2019s blueprint for living with purpose and integrity, challenging us to examine not just our deeds but who we become through them. Drawing from a lifetime of experience, he distills profound insights on setting and meeting standards, aligning actions with beliefs, and offers practical advice on overcoming obstacles and pursuing self-improvement. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAccording to McChrystal, character is not a trait inherited at birth, nor does it automatically come from education, position, or experience. Character, instead, comes down to a succession of choices, most mundane, several momentous, that reveal the deep truth of our capacity for virtue. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn an era where understanding and upholding our ideals is more crucial than ever, \u003Cem\u003EOn Character\u003C\/em\u003E offers an inspiring roadmap for personal growth and integrity\u2014a call to become our best selves, both as individuals and as Americans.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/qualtricsxmntkvqckbt.qualtrics.com\/jfe\/form\/SV_9n68cHuMbuPMfHg\u0022\u003ERegistration\u003C\/a\u003E required.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Sam Nunn School of International Affairs is honored to welcome General Stanley McChrystal April 13 at 12 p.m. in the John Lewis Student Center\u0027s Ehmer Theater.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Sam Nunn School of International Affairs is honored to welcome General Stanley McChrystal April 13 at 12 p.m. in the John Lewis Student Center\u0027s Ehmer Theater."}],"uid":"36324","created_gmt":"2026-04-08 13:06:36","changed_gmt":"2026-04-08 13:24:54","author":"mm479","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"679891":{"id":"679891","type":"image","title":"On-Character-A-Fireside-Chat-with-General-Stanley-McChrystal.png","body":null,"created":"1775653616","gmt_created":"2026-04-08 13:06:56","changed":"1775653616","gmt_changed":"2026-04-08 13:06:56","alt":"Photo of Gen. McCrystal, Title: On Character: A Fireside Chat with General Stanley McCrystal","file":{"fid":"264112","name":"On-Character-A-Fireside-Chat-with-General-Stanley-McChrystal.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/08\/On-Character-A-Fireside-Chat-with-General-Stanley-McChrystal.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/04\/08\/On-Character-A-Fireside-Chat-with-General-Stanley-McChrystal.png","mime":"image\/png","size":1235075,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/04\/08\/On-Character-A-Fireside-Chat-with-General-Stanley-McChrystal.png?itok=DnqR6wVr"}}},"media_ids":["679891"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/events\/item\/688268\/character-fireside-chat-with-general-stanley-mcchrystal","title":"More information on the event."}],"groups":[{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"169209","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts; Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:ekoob3@gatech.edu\u0022\u003EEric Koob\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ESam Nunn School of International Affairs\u003Cbr\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["ekoob3@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"689137":{"#nid":"689137","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Four Challenges to the U.S. Energy Transition","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EEfficiently transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy means looking at so much more than just the technology we use.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EReliable energy is required to keep safe in cold winters and hot summers, making it a matter of national security. There are also vying economic policies to consider, political and financial incentives to navigate, and questions of social and economic inequality.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EExperts in Georgia Tech\u2019s Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts examine \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/featured-news\/2026\/03\/us-energy-transition-challenges\u0022\u003Ethe challenges we face with the U.S. energy transition,\u003C\/a\u003E and work to help make it safe, fair, and effective for all.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EChallenge No. 1: Managing National Security \u2014 with Adam N. Stulberg, professor and chair of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EChallenge No. 2: Confronting Inequality \u2014 with Bijesh Mishra, a postdoctoral scholar in the Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter School of Public Policy.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EChallenge No. 3: Choosing the Right Economic Policies \u2014 with Bobby Harris, an assistant professor in the School of Economics.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EChallenge No. 4: Navigating Financial and Political Incentives \u2014 with Kate Pride Brown, a sociologist in the School of History and Sociology.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/featured-news\/2026\/03\/us-energy-transition-challenges\u0022\u003ERead the article on the Ivan Allen College website.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EReliable energy is required to keep safe in cold winters and hot summers, making it a matter of national security. There are also vying economic policies to consider, political and financial incentives to navigate, and questions of social and economic inequality. Experts in Georgia Tech\u2019s Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts examine the challenges we face with the U.S. energy transition, and work to help make it safe, fair, and effective for all.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Reliable energy is a matter of national security. There are also vying economic policies to consider, political and financial incentives to navigate, and questions of social and economic inequality to consider."}],"uid":"35766","created_gmt":"2026-03-23 18:34:56","changed_gmt":"2026-03-23 20:13:07","author":"dminardi3","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2026-03-23T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2026-03-23T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"679717":{"id":"679717","type":"image","title":"MERCURY--1-.jpg","body":null,"created":"1774291064","gmt_created":"2026-03-23 18:37:44","changed":"1774291064","gmt_changed":"2026-03-23 18:37:44","alt":"Power lines running through open land.","file":{"fid":"263909","name":"MERCURY--1-.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/03\/23\/MERCURY--1-.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/03\/23\/MERCURY--1-.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1363201,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/03\/23\/MERCURY--1-.jpg?itok=3CSxj0Wp"}}},"media_ids":["679717"],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"id":"1282","name":"School of Economics"},{"id":"1288","name":"School of History and Sociology"},{"id":"1289","name":"School of Public Policy"}],"categories":[{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"}],"keywords":[{"id":"187915","name":"go-researchnews"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:dminardi3@gatech.edu\u0022\u003EDi Minardi\u003C\/a\u003E \u2014 Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["dminardi3@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"689132":{"#nid":"689132","#data":{"type":"news","title":"The Pitch as a Laboratory: Global Development at Georgia Tech","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAs Atlanta prepares to host its 2026 World Cup matches, the world is focused on the spectacle, the economic impacts, and what might happen on the pitch during the tournament\u2019s June and July run.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmid all the excitement, researchers at the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts are also leveraging the \u0022world\u2019s game\u0022 as a sophisticated lens for understanding and advancing global development.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn his recent edited book, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Soccer-Globalization-and-Innovation-The-Beautiful-Game-in-the-21st-Century\/Bowman-Boyd\/p\/book\/9781032939032\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 title=\u0022(opens in a new window)\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003ESoccer, Globalization, and Innovation\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, Sam Nunn School of International Affairs Professor and Regents\u2019 Entrepreneur Kirk Bowman argues that soccer provides a unique \u0022contested space\u0022 to show how communities can use innovation and collective action to achieve unexpected outcomes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor instance, soccer\u2019s global dominance is often attributed to practices such as the system of promoting and relegating teams to higher or lower leagues based on their performance, its unique way of using single-elimination tournaments to create drama, and the evolution of the fluid and aggressive \u201ctotal football\u201d style of play.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhy is football the people\u2019s game with 4 billion fans? \u0026nbsp;It\u2019s because of these and other innovations,\u201d Bowman said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor more about the book and global development at Georgia Tech, read the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/featured-news\/2026\/03\/georgia-tech-soccer-world-cup-global-development\u0022\u003Efull story\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ESoccer has important lessons for global development, says Regents\u0027 Entrepreneur Kirk Bowman.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Soccer has important lessons for global development, says Regents\u0027 Entrepreneur Kirk Bowman."}],"uid":"34600","created_gmt":"2026-03-23 15:58:57","changed_gmt":"2026-03-23 16:00:06","author":"mpearson34","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2026-03-23T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2026-03-23T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"679712":{"id":"679712","type":"image","title":"soccer-book-photo-illustration.jpg","body":null,"created":"1774281544","gmt_created":"2026-03-23 15:59:04","changed":"1774281544","gmt_changed":"2026-03-23 15:59:04","alt":"\u0022\u0022","file":{"fid":"263903","name":"soccer-book-photo-illustration.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/03\/23\/soccer-book-photo-illustration.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/03\/23\/soccer-book-photo-illustration.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3673217,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/03\/23\/soccer-book-photo-illustration.jpg?itok=TMzbB7N_"}}},"media_ids":["679712"],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EMichael Pearson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"685934":{"#nid":"685934","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Foreign Policy Research Institute and Georgia Tech Announce a Collaboration to Publish the \u0027Orbis Journal of World Affairs\u0027","body":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.fpri.org\/\u0022\u003EForeign Policy Research Institute (FPRI)\u003C\/a\u003E and the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022\u003ESam Nunn School of International Affairs\u003C\/a\u003E at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) announce the relaunch of the \u003Cem\u003EOrbis Journal of World Affairs.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFirst published in 1957, \u003Cem\u003EOrbis \u003C\/em\u003Ewas conceived as a forum for policymakers, scholars, and the informed public to publish scholarly articles focused on geopolitics, foreign affairs, and global security. The journal has featured work by notable authors such as Ian Brzezinski, Ash Carter, Elbridge Colby, William R. Van Cleave, Robert Kaplan, Albert Wohlstetter, and Dov Zakheim, and has been a critical resource for policymakers and professors for more than five decades.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOver half a century later, the FPRI-Nunn School collaboration will continue the mission of the journal\u2019s first editor, Robert Strausz-Hup\u00e9. Hup\u00e9 believed that the contours of global affairs would be shaped both by geopolitical competition and technological change.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003EOrbis\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003Ewill continue to deliver informative and insightful articles and podcasts about foreign policy, national security, and geopolitics, with a particular focus on how emerging technologies are reshaping these fields.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EOrbis \u003C\/em\u003Ewill adopt an innovative new format that features both peer-reviewed scholarly research and contributions from policymakers and practitioners. The unique partnership between FPRI and the Nunn School, combining a blend of rigorous academic scholarship with timely policy insight, promises to explore the most pressing issues in international affairs from multiple perspectives.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAll future \u003Cem\u003EOrbis \u003C\/em\u003Earticles and archives will be available for all readers on a new website. The journal will continue to be published in a digital quarterly format, with the articles published online as soon as they have been edited and cleared for publication. The website will also feature a bimonthly podcast series, and both FPRI and the Nunn School will host thematic virtual and in-person events.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe editorial team will be headed by \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.fpri.org\/contributor\/nikolas-gvosdev-2\/\u0022\u003ENikolas Gvosdev,\u003C\/a\u003E senior fellow at FPRI and the Captain Jerome E. Levy Chair in Economic Geography and National Security at the U.S. Naval War College, and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/lawrence-rubin\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022\u003ELawrence Rubin\u003C\/a\u003E, co-director of the Georgia Tech DC Program: Pathways to Policy and an associate professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI am delighted that FPRI and the Nunn School will join together in this partnership for a relaunch of \u003Cem\u003EOrbis\u003C\/em\u003E, and to renew Strauz-Hup\u00e9\u2019s mandate for a journal that \u2018will curate the most insightful articles that examine the issues that affect global security.\u2019 The 2021 special issue of Orbis dedicated to \u2018Emerging Technology and National Security\u2019\u003Cem\u003E \u003C\/em\u003Ewhich Larry served as guest editor \u2014 which was one of the most widely-read and cited issues of the journal in recent years \u2014 shows the potential of this partnership for the future of \u003Cem\u003EOrbis,\u003C\/em\u003E\u201d said Gvosdev.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe are thrilled that after years of planning we will see these important efforts come to fruition. This partnership is about our commitment to demonstrating that both policy and academic partnership can be mutually beneficial,\u201d added Rubin.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u201cOrbis \u003C\/em\u003Ehas been at the forefront of geopolitical debate and discussion since 1957. I can\u2019t wait to take it from behind a paywall and to make it available to all our readers. And to really focus on bridging the divide between academia and policy,\u201d said Aaron Stein, president of FPRI.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAdam N. Stulberg, Sam Nunn School Chair and professor, echoed the excitement surrounding this new partnership.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt marks a concerted effort not only at bridging gaps but at keeping pace with today\u2019s rapidly changing international landscape. With the rejuvenated \u003Cem\u003EOrbis\u003C\/em\u003E and accessible online formats, we aim to establish an uncommon dynamic forum where scholars, technical experts, and practitioners can engage different perspectives and distill insight into underlying drivers and strategic implications presented by emerging technologies and other contemporary problem-sets that confront U.S. national and international security.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe\u003Cem\u003E Orbis Journal of World Affairs\u003C\/em\u003E is set to relaunch in Spring 2026. To be the first to know about new content, be sure to \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.fpri.org\/subscribe\/\u0022\u003Esubscribe \u003C\/a\u003Eto FPRI\u2019s mailing list.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout the Foreign Policy Research Institute\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Foreign Policy Research Institute is a nonpartisan Philadelphia-based think tank dedicated to producing the highest quality scholarship and nonpartisan policy analysis focused on crucial foreign policy and national security challenges facing the United States. FPRI educates those who make and influence policy, as well as the public at large, through the lens of history, geography, and culture. For more information, visit fpri.org.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFounded in 1990, the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology is dedicated to educating the next generation of scholars and practitioners on diverse approaches to tackling real-world problems to advance the global human condition. As one of the first professional schools of international affairs situated at major technological institute, we provide comprehensive, interdisciplinary, multi-method, and flexible undergraduate and graduate social science programming at the nexus of science and technology, with special attention to strategic, political economy, and comparative political perspectives on international security, global development, and governance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EA version of this story \u003C\/em\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.fpri.org\/news\/2025\/10\/foreign-policy-research-institute-and-georgia-tech-announce-a-collaboration-to-publish-the-orbis-journal-of-world-affairs\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003Efirst appeared\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on the FPRI website.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.fpri.org\/\u0022\u003EForeign Policy Research Institute\u003C\/a\u003E and Georgia Tech\u0027s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022\u003ESam Nunn School of International Affairs\u003C\/a\u003E announce the relaunch of the \u003Cem\u003EOrbis Journal of World Affairs.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Foreign Policy Research Institute and Georgia Tech\u0027s Sam Nunn School of International Affairs announce the relaunch of the \u0022Orbis Journal of World Affairs.\u0022"}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2025-10-22 19:39:46","changed_gmt":"2026-03-20 12:57:55","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678430":{"id":"678430","type":"image","title":"inta-journal.png","body":null,"created":"1761161996","gmt_created":"2025-10-22 19:39:56","changed":"1761161996","gmt_changed":"2025-10-22 19:39:56","alt":"Rendering of a globe with the FPRI and INTA logos.","file":{"fid":"262453","name":"inta-journal.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/10\/22\/inta-journal.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/10\/22\/inta-journal.png","mime":"image\/png","size":3127675,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/10\/22\/inta-journal.png?itok=hWuiclQa"}}},"media_ids":["678430"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.fpri.org\/news\/2025\/10\/foreign-policy-research-institute-and-georgia-tech-announce-a-collaboration-to-publish-the-orbis-journal-of-world-affairs\/","title":"Read This Article on FPRI.org"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71911","name":"Earth and Environment"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMegan McRainey\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:megan.mcrainey@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emegan.mcrainey@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"686647":{"#nid":"686647","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Women\u2019s Soccer Sets Sights on Atlanta","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 2028, Atlanta will be home to a yet-to-be-named National Women\u2019s Soccer League team, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nwslsoccer.com\/news\/nwsl-awards-expansion-franchise-to-atlanta\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eannounced Nov. 12.\u003C\/a\u003E The announcement comes at a time when soccer is building momentum in Atlanta and across the U.S. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf history tells us anything, it\u2019s the right place at the right time.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis team steps into a void,\u201d said Declan Abernethy, lecturer in Georgia Tech\u2019s \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/hsoc.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of History and Sociology\u003C\/a\u003E. \u201cIt\u2019s nice to see women\u2019s soccer be valued as a commercial spectacle and exciting for fans in Atlanta.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAtlanta holds a place in women\u2019s soccer history as host of the 1996 Summer Olympics, where the U.S. Women\u2019s National Team won its first gold medal \u2014 the introduction to women\u2019s soccer for many Americans.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince then, the soccer ecosystem has expanded exponentially, in Atlanta and beyond. Atlanta United began playing in 2017, winning the MLS Cup in its second year as a franchise. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Business of Soccer\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cp\u003EArthur Blank, who owns Atlanta United and the Atlanta Falcons and purchased the rights for the new women\u2019s team, paid $165 million for this expansion team. Just two years ago, that cost was nearly a third. The total investment will ultimately be more than $330 million. But as Abernethy points out, the purchase price and timing show that this is a serious endeavor.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt shows Blank is a smart business owner \u2014 he\u2019s willing to invest in doing things the right way,\u201d said Abernethy, who has studied and published about both Atlanta United and the U.S. Women\u2019s National Team. \u201cIn five years, this team could be a leader in how it is run and how it spends money. We have such a strong legacy of professional women\u2019s soccer in Atlanta and so much youth talent, it could get very competitive.\u201d \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy Atlanta Is Ready\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h4\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt\u2019s not the first time a women\u2019s soccer team has made its home in Atlanta. The Atlanta Beat played at Georgia Tech\u2019s Bobby Dodd Stadium in the early 2000s, and the Atlanta Silverbacks Women followed.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince those attempts, Atlanta has welcomed a professional men\u2019s team in Atlanta United, along with its ATL UTD 2 reserve team and extensive youth development programs. A $50 million contribution from Arthur Blank is helping build a new home for U.S. Soccer south of the city in Fayetteville with the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ussoccer.com\/ntchq\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EArthur M. Blank U.S. Soccer National Training Center\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s hitting at this opportune time with the U.S. training facility, sparks of excitement for the men\u2019s national team, a strong run by the women\u2019s national team with players from Atlanta, and six World Cup games being hosted in Atlanta next year. It could have a nice impact on the soccer ecosystem here,\u201d said Kirk Bowman, Regents\u2019 Entrepreneur and professor in the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESam Nunn School of International Affairs\u003C\/a\u003E in the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBowman also points to the culture that has grown from Atlanta United and the infrastructure that supports it. Team flags adorn houses, the BeltLine and MARTA connect in-town fans to a downtown stadium that is surrounded by new development at the Gulch \u2014 not to mention a growing pool of legacy soccer players around the metro area, and the surrounding perennial success of ACC women\u2019s soccer teams. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cYou\u2019ve now had cohort after cohort of female soccer players of all ages, and families with mothers and daughters who have played soccer and are eager to go to games,\u201d he said. \u201cIf they brand it correctly, there\u2019s a lot of enthusiasm and a built-in audience that loves the game.\u201d The WNBA also had record-high viewership last year, with its most-watched game garnering nearly 3 million viewers, demonstrating the increasing popularity of women\u0027s professional sports.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team also enters an open market for fans, without another professional women\u2019s team nearby. Abernethy notes that it takes time to build economic success and fandom, and with more than 50 years of women\u2019s soccer now played, it may have finally hit its stride.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 2028, Atlanta will be home to a yet-to-be-named National Women\u2019s Soccer League team, announced Nov. 12. The announcement comes at a time when soccer is building momentum in Atlanta and across the U.S. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"In 2028, Atlanta will be home to a yet-to-be-named National Women\u2019s Soccer League team, announced Nov. 12. The announcement comes at a time when soccer is building momentum in Atlanta and across the U.S.  "}],"uid":"27469","created_gmt":"2025-12-01 14:22:47","changed_gmt":"2026-03-19 13:08:55","author":"Kristen Bailey","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678728":{"id":"678728","type":"image","title":"Arthur Blank and NWSL Commissioner Jessica Berman announce an Atlanta soccer franchise ","body":"\u003Cp\u003EArthur Blank and NWSL Commissioner Jessica Berman announce an Atlanta soccer franchise during the \u201cEmpower Her. Inspire All.\u201d event hosted by AMB Sports and Entertainment at The Interlock on Nov. 11, 2025. (\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ajc.com\/sports\/2025\/11\/atlantas-new-nwsl-team-has-an-mls-playbook-to-follow\/\u0022\u003EAbbey Cutrer\/AJC\u003C\/a\u003E)\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1764600073","gmt_created":"2025-12-01 14:41:13","changed":"1764600141","gmt_changed":"2025-12-01 14:42:21","alt":"Arthur Blank and NWSL Commissioner Jessica Berman announce an Atlanta soccer franchise ","file":{"fid":"262800","name":"SVXRBCMFHJHPFCK2K2JQYK3YO4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/12\/01\/SVXRBCMFHJHPFCK2K2JQYK3YO4.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/12\/01\/SVXRBCMFHJHPFCK2K2JQYK3YO4.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":5687311,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/12\/01\/SVXRBCMFHJHPFCK2K2JQYK3YO4.jpg?itok=1-JeCqYq"}}},"media_ids":["678728"],"groups":[{"id":"658168","name":"Experts"},{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"id":"1288","name":"School of History and Sociology"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"106361","name":"Business and Economic Development"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kristen.bailey@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EKristen Bailey\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EInstitute Communications\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"688978":{"#nid":"688978","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Applying AI to Decipher Putin\u2019s Red Lines: Does He Mean What We Think We Heard?","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EOn March 10, the Fletcher Russia and Eurasia Program hosted Adam N. Stulberg and Stephan De Spiegeleire. The two distinguished scholars presented their new project, RuBase, a collaborative initiative that uses AI methods to systematically evaluate Russian rhetoric surrounding deterrence, nuclear threats, and coercive diplomacy. With the goal of deciphering the meaning behind Putin\u2019s statements, they also discussed the broader applicability of their methods for producing rigorous, efficient, and accurate analyses of geopolitical events.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdam N. Stulberg\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;is the Sam Nunn Professor and School Chair at the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at Georgia Tech. He is an expert on Russian security and energy politics, contemporary great-power competition, and \u201cgray zone\u201d conflict in Eurasia. He previously served as a Political Consultant at RAND from 1987 to 1997 and as a Senior Research Associate at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey from 1997 to 1998. He has also worked closely with former Senator Sam Nunn, drafting policy recommendations and background studies on future directions for the U.S. Cooperative Threat Reduction Program and on building regional and energy security regimes in Central Asia and the South Caucasus.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStephan De Spiegeleire\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;previously worked for the RAND Corporation for nearly ten years, with additional stints at Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik and the WEU\u2019s Institute for Security Studies. He began his career as an expert in Soviet policy before moving into work on strategic defense management, security resilience, network-centrism, capabilities-based planning, and the transformation of defense planning.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBackground\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe central question guiding the research was whether Russia\u2019s frequent invocation of \u201cred lines\u201d represents meaningful strategic signaling, political theater, or some other form of coercive communication. By combining traditional strategic analysis with large-scale AI-driven text analysis, the project aims to move beyond the anecdotal interpretations often seen in other reporting and provide a more systematic understanding of Russian messaging.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStulberg began with an overview of Russian \u201cred line\u201d messaging. Since the start of the war in Ukraine, Russian officials such as Vladimir Putin and members of the Russian elite have repeatedly warned that Western actions could cross Russian \u201cred lines.\u201d However, these statements often appear inconsistent or cryptic, as well as divorced from specific nuclear threats. The term itself is used frequently but often without precise definition, and the language surrounding red lines is ambiguous and formulaic while nuclear threats appear more systematic. The statements also at times appear disconnected from actual Russian military behavior or strategic logic of deterrence and brinkmanship.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStulberg highlighted how this creates confusion over whether such statements should be interpreted as credible deterrent threats or as rhetorical signaling. In Western strategic theory, deterrence typically relies on clarity and credibility: threats must specify what actions are prohibited and what consequences will follow. Russian statements, however, often lack this clarity (as applied to threats, ines, and consequences), making them difficult for Western policymakers to interpret. This led to the central question the researchers sought to answer about \u201cred line\u201d rhetoric: are these statements ineffective political theater, as they are often portrayed in Western media, or are Russian policymakers operating with a different conception of coercive diplomacy in which such statements serve a strategic function?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWestern Debates\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe speakers then examined the current state of Western debate regarding \u201cred lines\u201d and nuclear-threshold signaling, which typically draws on classical deterrence theory from thinkers such as Thomas Schelling. They identified three major schools of thought: strategic bluffs, clear and substantive threats, and calculated brinkmanship.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe \u201cstrategic bluff\u201d school argues that Russian threats are largely bluffs. According to this view, Russia uses rhetorical escalation to deter Western involvement but has little intention of following through, and the West should therefore remain firm and continue expanding military assistance to Ukraine. The second school, \u201cclear and substantive threats,\u201d argues that Russian statements may signal a genuine willingness to escalate, including the potential use of nuclear weapons. This perspective emphasizes caution and restraint in order to avoid triggering escalation. The third school, \u201ccalculated brinkmanship,\u201d argues that the threats are designed to push adversaries toward compromise while leaving room for diplomatic off-ramps. This view aligns most closely with the classical Schelling tradition of \u201cthreats that leave something to chance,\u201d though it does not necessarily prescribe a specific course of action. The problem with all three interpretations, the speakers argued, is that they assume the Russian government is operating according to Western strategic logic, which may not be the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMirror Imaging Critique\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe speakers also emphasized the danger of \u201cmirror imaging,\u201d in which Western analysts project onto adversaries the same frameworks and incentives that guide their own decision-making. Much Western scholarship assumes that Russian leaders use red line rhetoric in the same way Western policymakers would. However, drawing on their extensive background in Soviet and Russian studies, the presenters argued that Russian strategic culture may approach coercion and signaling in fundamentally different ways. Rather than issuing clear deterrent threats, Russian messaging may intentionally blur the boundaries of escalation. This ambiguity can shape the strategic environment by influencing how opponents interpret risk and uncertainty. The question of which school of thought is correct was a significant driver of Stulberg and de Spiegeleire\u2019s decision to build an AI model to analyze Russian statements.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERussian Coercion Methods\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe presenters suggested that Russian red line rhetoric should instead be understood through the concept of \u201creflexive control.\u201d Developed during the Soviet era, reflexive control is a strategic approach focused on influencing an adversary\u2019s perceptions and decision-making processes. Rather than coercing an opponent through clear threats, the goal is to manipulate the information environment so that the opponent voluntarily chooses actions that benefit the strategist. Within this framework, ambiguity and confusion are not weaknesses but strategic tools. Russian messaging may therefore be designed to introduce uncertainty into Western decision-making, shape perceptions of escalation risk, and encourage Western restraint without requiring the credible enforcement of threats. The speakers did note, however, that based on their analysis, this strategy appears ultimately self-defeating. At the same time, Putin\u2019s explicit nuclear saber-rattling appears more consistent with \u201cthreats that leave something to chance.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAnalytical Methodology\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe second portion of the presentation, led by Stephan De Spiegeleire, focused on the technical methodology used to analyze Russian rhetoric. The research team assembled an unprecedented corpus of official Russian communications using automated scraping tools, ultimately collecting approximately 250,000 documents from 36 official Russian sources, including the Kremlin website, government agencies, and official Telegram channels.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team then pioneered the use of large language models to analyze these texts in multiple stages. First, in an initial filtering phase, the AI system scanned document segments to identify those potentially containing Real Red Line Statements (RRLs) or Nuclear Threat Statements (NTS). The flagged sections were then classified along approximately 30 different dimensions (source, target, intensity, theme etc.). Human researchers conducted rigorous quality-control checks throughout this pipeline to validate the AI classifications.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOnce completed and validated, this process yielded a searchable, curated dataset of 1,924 Red Line statements and 357 nuclear threat statements that enabled systematic analysis of Russian rhetorical patterns. To deepen the analysis, the researchers integrated this with approximately 30 heterogeneous datasets documenting the war (conflict events; diplomatic signals; sanctions; military aid; territorial control; cyber operations; equipment losses; refugee flows; etc.). The combined data, comprising over 52M rows, was transformed into a temporal knowledge graph containing 1.1 million relational \u201ctriples\u201d representing structured relationships among entities, actions, and contexts. This dataset was then analyzed through a graph neural network with 5.1 million parameters across 210 weekly snapshots to detect patterns over time. This temporal analysis allowed the researchers to determine whether Russian rhetoric was triggered by or responded to external events. They emphasized that this method made it possible to move beyond isolated statements and instead examine the broader complex dynamics of rhetorical escalation, representing a significant advancement over previous approaches in the field.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFindings\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe speakers then outlined their findings and the conclusions practitioners might draw from them. One of the most striking results was that Russian red line rhetoric appears overwhelmingly reactive rather than proactive. The statistical analysis suggested, with 99.9 percent confidence, that Russian red line statements tend to occur in response to Western actions rather than preceding them. This may indicate that RRL and NTS statements do not operate according to the typical Western understanding of coercive diplomacy, but instead function as rhetorical responses to events themselves.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe presence of RRL and NTS statements was also identified as reflecting two distinct categories within Russian rhetoric. Red Line Statements (RRLs) tend to be formulaic responses to Western political actions or military aid to Ukraine, while Nuclear Threat Statements (NTS) are more strongly correlated with Ukrainian military actions, particularly attacks on Russian territory, and appear to carry greater weight.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers also identified a recurring pattern they described as a \u201cself-defeating rhetoric cycle.\u201d In this cycle, the West takes an action, such as providing military assistance to Ukraine; Russian leaders respond with red line warnings; Western media outlets amplify these warnings; and Western governments then respond by increasing military support. Rather than deterring Western behavior, Russian rhetoric may inadvertently reinforce Western resolve, suggesting that red line statements may fail to achieve their intended coercive effects.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPolicy Implications and Conclusions\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAdam Stulberg and Stephan de Spiegeleire opened their discussion of the implications of these findings by emphasizing the risks of misunderstanding adversary rhetoric. Western analysts often assume that threats must be credible and clearly defined to influence behavior. However, the Russian approach may prioritize ambiguity and psychological influence over traditional deterrence logic. As a result, Western responses to Russian rhetoric may at times misinterpret the purpose of these statements, at the risk of potentially blundering into escalation that neither side is seeking to manipulate.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESeveral policy lessons followed. First, analysts and policymakers should avoid mirror imaging and be cautious about assuming that adversaries share the same strategic logic. Second, analytical methods should improve. Traditional approaches to intelligence analysis often rely heavily on selective interpretation of statements, whereas AI-driven analysis can help identify patterns across large datasets and reduce the risk of cherry-picking evidence, particularly when analysis is grounded in thousands of linked statements and events. Third, the researchers emphasized the value of open data sharing, arguing that accessible and consistently maintained datasets can help social scientists work more efficiently and pursue more reliable findings.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo conclude the presentation, the speakers answered questions from the audience, including whether actual military events could be linked to rhetoric through a similar model, how confident they were in their conclusions, and how tone might be analyzed across other databases.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis article is republished from \u003C\/em\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/sites.tufts.edu\/fletcherrussia\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETufts Russia and Eurasia Program\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cem\u003E. Read the \u003C\/em\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/sites.tufts.edu\/fletcherrussia\/applying-ai-to-decipher-putins-red-lines-does-he-mean-what-we-think-we-heard\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 title=\u0022(opens in a new window)\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003Eoriginal article\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Fletcher Russia and Eurasia Program hosted Adam N. Stulberg and Stephan De Spiegeleire to present their new project, RuBase, a collaborative initiative that uses AI methods to systematically evaluate Russian rhetoric surrounding deterrence, nuclear threats, and coercive diplomacy.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Fletcher Russia and Eurasia Program hosted Adam N. Stulberg and Stephan De Spiegeleire to present their new project, RuBase."}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2026-03-17 18:02:31","changed_gmt":"2026-03-17 18:06:01","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2026-03-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2026-03-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"679659":{"id":"679659","type":"image","title":"Applying-AI-to-Decipher-Putin-s-Red-Lines-Does-He-Mean-What-We-Think-We-Heard.png","body":null,"created":"1773770557","gmt_created":"2026-03-17 18:02:37","changed":"1773770557","gmt_changed":"2026-03-17 18:02:37","alt":"Adam Stulberg, Stephan De Spiegeleire, and a graphic with photos and maps of the war in Ukraine.","file":{"fid":"263842","name":"Applying-AI-to-Decipher-Putin-s-Red-Lines-Does-He-Mean-What-We-Think-We-Heard.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/03\/17\/Applying-AI-to-Decipher-Putin-s-Red-Lines-Does-He-Mean-What-We-Think-We-Heard.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2026\/03\/17\/Applying-AI-to-Decipher-Putin-s-Red-Lines-Does-He-Mean-What-We-Think-We-Heard.png","mime":"image\/png","size":2293543,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2026\/03\/17\/Applying-AI-to-Decipher-Putin-s-Red-Lines-Does-He-Mean-What-We-Think-We-Heard.png?itok=MTmWelQx"}}},"media_ids":["679659"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/sites.tufts.edu\/fletcherrussia\/applying-ai-to-decipher-putins-red-lines-does-he-mean-what-we-think-we-heard\/","title":"Read This Article on the Tufts Russia and Eurasia Program"}],"groups":[{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"686700":{"#nid":"686700","#data":{"type":"news","title":"EU Study Abroad Program Evolves With Added Focus on Technology Governance, Space Policy","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u2019s 25-year-old European Union study abroad program has undergone its most significant evolution to date with a new focus on technology governance, an optional research add-on, and two new stops \u2014 Geneva and Bern, Switzerland.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile the trip will remain a cornerstone experience for many interested in Europe and international affairs, the program now offers more opportunities for students, including STEM majors, to gain deep on-the-ground insight into international technology governance by directly engaging with the global bodies that regulate tech.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe program, which is accepting applications through Feb. 15, now also includes an optional research extension with two tracks \u2014 economic security and space policy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cDespite the rapidly changing international system, the European Union remains the key trade and investment partner of the United States, an indispensable ally, and an essential area of study,\u201d said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/vicki-birchfield\u0022\u003EVicki Birchfield\u003C\/a\u003E, professor in the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ESam Nunn School of International Affairs\u003C\/a\u003E and the program\u2019s director.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cblockquote\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInterested in international affairs, the U.S.-Europe relationship, or international tech governance? Apply for the \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/sites.gatech.edu\/gt-eu-summer\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEuropean Union and Global Affairs Study Abroad Program\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E. The application deadline is Feb. 15!\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/blockquote\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWith talented new faculty like Carly Potz-Nielsen and Thomas Gonz\u00e1lez Roberts, it is an opportune moment to evolve the program and incorporate a new focus on technology governance where their respective expertise can provide intellectual depth and dynamism,\u0022 said Birchfield, who also is co-director of the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cets.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ECenter for European and Transatlantic Studies\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe program allows students to earn 12 credit hours in 10 weeks, with the possibility of earning up to three more credit hours through an optional research add-on.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA seminar course on the European Union (INTA 4230\/6320) and a class on Human Rights in Europe (INTA 3031\/6803) will return. However, to accommodate the new focus on tech governance, a European security course previously taught during the study abroad will be folded into the Transatlantic Relations course (INTA 3223\/6833).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat will free up space for a new technology governance class taught by \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/1f6a6f21-01fa-5e42-88d2-83a7cd378f57\u0022\u003EPotz-Nielsen\u003C\/a\u003E and Roberts: Global Politics of Technology (INTA 3044\/8803).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The added focus on technology governance taps into some of the biggest challenges future policymakers will face,\u201d said Potz-Nielsen. \u201cWith tech woven into almost every part of our lives and digital markets booming, understanding the roles that governments can \u2014 or should \u2014 play in regulating technology tackles fundamental questions about privacy, security, and fairness.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStudents participating in the program will visit centers of European power, influence, and culture, including Metz, Strasbourg, and Paris in France; Brussels; The Hague and Amsterdam in the Netherlands; and Bucharest, Romania, where students will visit Romanian military headquarters, research firms, and cultural sites. The program also visits Munich and Berlin, as well as Geneva and Bern, Switzerland.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThose stops in Switzerland will be particularly interesting to students interested in technology and space policy, said \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/thomasgr\u0022\u003ERoberts\u003C\/a\u003E, an assistant professor and director of the new \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/featured-news\/2025\/10\/georgia-tech-engineering-space-policy-lab-debuts\u0022\u003EEngineering Space Policy Laboratory\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cSwitzerland plays a unique role in shaping how technology is governed worldwide, from outer space to the digital economy,\u201d he said. \u201cThis program is a chance to see that innovation and governance evolve together \u2014 and showcase how both liberal arts and STEM students have a vital place in shaping that future.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStudents may also extend their program with a two-week research option, choosing between a track on economic security and digital economies offered by Potz-Nielsen, as well as Roberts\u2019 track on space policy.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBoth tracks will guide students through a full-cycle research experience, utilizing semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and structured observation with partners throughout the 10-week itinerary to develop a final project.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EApplications for the program are due Feb. 15, with payment due on April 15.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe European Union Study Abroad program is getting a refresh.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The European Union Study Abroad program is getting a refresh."}],"uid":"34600","created_gmt":"2025-12-02 14:47:40","changed_gmt":"2025-12-02 14:59:13","author":"mpearson34","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678739":{"id":"678739","type":"image","title":"EU-study-abroad-169.jpg","body":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech students participate in a recent EU study abroad event. The program has been recently refreshed to include a new emphasis on technology governance and space policy.\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1764686884","gmt_created":"2025-12-02 14:48:04","changed":"1764687780","gmt_changed":"2025-12-02 15:03:00","alt":"Several students participating in the EU study abroad program listen to a presentation.","file":{"fid":"262811","name":"EU-study-abroad-169.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/12\/02\/EU-study-abroad-169.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/12\/02\/EU-study-abroad-169.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":303063,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/12\/02\/EU-study-abroad-169.jpg?itok=vIZjLVvn"}}},"media_ids":["678739"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/academics\/undergraduate\/International-Experiences\/Study-Abroad","title":"Learn more about study abroad programs in the Ivan Allen College"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EMichael Pearson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"686544":{"#nid":"686544","#data":{"type":"news","title":"The 2024-25 Ivan Allen College Dean\u0027s Report","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EExplore the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/features.iac.gatech.edu\/deans-report-2024-25\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 title=\u0022https:\/\/t.e2ma.net\/click\/a23jbi\/q69zktg\/a2vd9r\u0022\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts 2025 Dean\u0027s Report\u003C\/a\u003E for highlights from the exciting new initiatives and creative, purpose-driven teaching, scholarship, and community engagement happening across our College.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EExplore the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/features.iac.gatech.edu\/deans-report-2024-25\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 title=\u0022https:\/\/t.e2ma.net\/click\/a23jbi\/q69zktg\/a2vd9r\u0022\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts 2025 Dean\u0027s Report\u003C\/a\u003E for highlights from the exciting new initiatives and creative, purpose-driven teaching, scholarship, and community engagement happening across our College.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Explore the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts 2025 Dean\u0027s Report for highlights from the exciting new initiatives and creative, purpose-driven teaching, scholarship, and community engagement happening across our College."}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2025-11-19 21:09:46","changed_gmt":"2025-11-19 21:18:58","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678684":{"id":"678684","type":"image","title":"dean-s-report-2025-16x9.jpg","body":null,"created":"1763587117","gmt_created":"2025-11-19 21:18:37","changed":"1763587117","gmt_changed":"2025-11-19 21:18:37","alt":"Dean\u0027s Report cover image.","file":{"fid":"262745","name":"dean-s-report-2025-16x9.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/11\/19\/dean-s-report-2025-16x9.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/11\/19\/dean-s-report-2025-16x9.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":583548,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/11\/19\/dean-s-report-2025-16x9.jpg?itok=04G5d0W7"}}},"media_ids":["678684"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/features.iac.gatech.edu\/deans-report-2024-25","title":"View Online"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"id":"1282","name":"School of Economics"},{"id":"1288","name":"School of History and Sociology"},{"id":"1283","name":"School of Literature, Media, and Communication"},{"id":"1284","name":"School of Modern Languages"},{"id":"1289","name":"School of Public Policy"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMegan McRainey\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:megan.mcrainey@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emegan.mcrainey@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"686023":{"#nid":"686023","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Trump\u0027s \u0027Proliferation Pessimism,\u0027 the \u0027Iliad\u0027 and AI, EU Trade and More: Recent Nunn School Research Highlights","body":[{"value":"\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow Trump\u2019s History of \u2018Proliferation Pessimism\u2019 Presaged His 2025 Iran Strike\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a new \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1080\/0163660X.2025.2558398?needAccess=true\u0022\u003Earticle\u003C\/a\u003E published in the global security policy journal \u003Cem\u003EThe Washington Quarterly\u003C\/em\u003E, Associate Professor Rachel Whitlark explores how U.S. President Donald Trump\u2019s long-held views on nuclear proliferation made his June strike on Iranian nuclear facilities foreseeable.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhitlark\u2019s 2021 book, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cornellpress.cornell.edu\/book\/9781501760341\/all-options-on-the-table\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAll Options on the Table\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, argues that a leader\u2019s long-held personal beliefs about nuclear weapons can help us predict how they will act in executive office, should they encounter an adversary attempting to acquire nuclear weapons.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the article, Whitlark traces Trump\u2019s belief system back decades. She notes that in a 1985 interview, Trump called nuclear proliferation \u0022the greatest problem of the world\u201d and expressed a particular fear of a \u0022Third World madman getting the bomb.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis \u0022proliferation pessimism,\u0022 and Trump\u2019s general perspective on the dangers of nuclear weapons and global proliferation, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/rachel-whitlark\u0022\u003EWhitlark\u003C\/a\u003E says, was consistent. In his 2000 book, Trump praised Israel\u2019s 1981 preventive strike on Iraq\u2019s nuclear reactor, stating, \u0022they did what they had to do to survive.\u0022 By 2011, his focus had turned to Iran, writing that its program \u0022must be stopped by any and all means necessary.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhitlark notes that we are entering a new age in which nuclear weapons once again pose a significant threat, but this time with multiple states possessing such arms \u2014 a significant complication compared to the bipolar Cold War conflict.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt is, therefore, worth paying careful attention to what future leaders think about nuclear weapons in world politics long before they enter national executive office, as these issues are likely to loom large moving forward,\u201d Whitlark writes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat Homer\u2019s \u0027Iliad\u0027 Has to Say About the Real Dangers of Military AI\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe debate about artificial intelligence in warfare is missing a critical element, argues Professor Jon R. Lindsay: the timeless, irrational, and often dark human emotion that drives so much conflict.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a new \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11023-025-09741-0\u0022\u003Earticle\u003C\/a\u003E for the journal \u003Cem\u003EMinds and Machines\u003C\/em\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/e59d322b-e810-5af3-9c3f-e477b22fd70b\u0022\u003ELindsay \u003C\/a\u003Esuggests that Homer\u2019s epic poem, the \u003Cem\u003EIliad\u003C\/em\u003E, provides a better framework for understanding the true risks of military AI than debates over software and policy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMuch of the discussion around military AI, Lindsay notes, focuses on the \u201crational alignment of AI means with human ends,\u201d such as ensuring weapons follow rules of engagement. However, he says this viewpoint overlooks that war is often driven by human passions such as rage, status, fear, and revenge.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELindsay points to the central figure of the \u003Cem\u003EIliad\u003C\/em\u003E, Achilles. His devastating wrath \u2014 first at his commander over a matter of pride, and later in a grief-fueled quest for vengeance \u2014 dictates the course of the war. These motivations are not strategic or rational, but deeply human. Lindsay suggests that AI will not eliminate these \u0022Homeric judgments,\u0022 but instead will become a powerful amplifier for them.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe true horrors of battlefield AI come less from the misalignment of machines,\u201d Lindsay writes, \u201cand more from the Homeric judgment of the warriors who wield them.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEU Struggles to Adapt Trade Policy in a More Dangerous World\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EProfessor Alasdair R. Young discusses the European Union\u2019s efforts to adapt g its trade policy to the world\u2019s new, more aggressive, geopolitical environment for an \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/s41295-025-00440-9\u0022\u003Earticle\u003C\/a\u003E in the journal \u003Cem\u003EComparative European Politics\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor decades, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/alasdair-young\u0022\u003EYoung\u003C\/a\u003E says, the EU viewed economic interdependence as overwhelmingly positive. But a series of unanticipated shocks from the U.S., China, and Russia has exposed how those ties can create vulnerabilities.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYoung, associate dean for faculty development in the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts and the Nunn School\u2019s Neal Family Chair, says the EU\u2019s response has been uneven. Some\u0026nbsp;tools to enhance its economic security were created, but they were weakened by member states\u2019 reluctance to cede control, while efforts to develop offensive capabilities, like unilateral export controls, stalled completely. Young says internal divisions are the primary obstacle, concluding that the EU\u2019s ability to adapt \u201cis more limited the further it intrudes on core state competences\u201d like security and foreign policy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPentagon\u0027s \u0027Economic Blind Spot\u0027 Threatens National Security, Says Former NATO Commander\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Department of Defense\u2019s failure to integrate economics into military planning is a strategic blind spot that weakens national security, says Distinguished Professor of the Practice Gen. Philip M. Breedlove, NATO\u2019s former commander.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn an \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00396338.2025.2534282\u0022\u003Earticle\u003C\/a\u003E for the journal \u003Cem\u003ESurvival\u003C\/em\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/philip-breedlove\u0022\u003EBreedlove\u003C\/a\u003E argues that while adversaries such as China treat economic policy as warfare, the Defense Department operates without a chief economist or a unified economic strategy. This disconnect leads to misguided policies that trade long-term strength for short-term fixes, Breedlove says.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBreedlove says examples of issues caused by this approach include a monopoly on submarine construction that has caused massive cost overruns, threatening key alliance and blunt export controls on semiconductors that deprive U.S. firms of revenue for innovation and help China close the technology gap.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Without harnessing economics as a weapon of war,\u0022 he writes, \u0022the Pentagon will continue trading future military strength for short-term expediency \u2014 an error China is counting on.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELocal Gender Quotas May Backfire for Women Seeking Higher Office, Study Finds\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAssociate Professor Anjali Thomas was part of a research group that found gender quotas in local elections in the North Indian state of Bihar didn\u2019t increase voter support for female candidates in higher-level elections. Instead, they caused a backlash with certain groups of men \u2014 even those otherwise inclined to support women candidates, Thomas and her coauthors wrote in an article for \u003Cem\u003EPublius: The Journal of Federalism\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe research challenges the common assumption that local quotas create a positive \u0022spillover effect\u0022 for women seeking state or national office, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/anjali-thomas\u0022\u003EThomas \u003C\/a\u003Eand her coauthors wrote.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Overall, our research suggests grounds for pessimism regarding whether local gender quotas could ease the pathway for female candidates by changing voter attitudes,\u201d they said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/14754835.2025.2507590#abstract\u0022\u003Estudy\u003C\/a\u003E, based on a survey experiment with nearly 2,000 voters in the North Indian state of Bihar, tested the \u0022multilevel learning\u0022 theory \u2014 that voters exposed to effective female leaders at the village level would be more likely to support women for state office. However, Thomas and her coauthors found no evidence for this hypothesis, even when the local female leaders were well-educated or perceived as effective by citizens.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInstead, the study\u0027s results suggest that local quotas may lower support for female candidates among certain men. For men in male-dominated households, for instance, exposure to the quotas caused them to move from having no gender preference to actively preferring male candidates.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmong younger, \u0022partially progressive\u0022 men who initially favored female candidates, being represented by an educated woman elected via a local quota erased their pro-woman preference entirely.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThomas and her co-authors conclude their findings serve as a \u0022cautionary note that local gender quotas should not be used as a stand-in for serious efforts to increase women\u0027s representation at higher levels of government.\u0022 Instead, policymakers must anticipate and address the potential for voter backlash.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA roundup of recent research items from Sam Nunn School of International Affairs faculty.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A roundup of recent research items from Sam Nunn School of International Affairs faculty."}],"uid":"34600","created_gmt":"2025-10-27 18:12:10","changed_gmt":"2025-10-27 21:08:56","author":"mpearson34","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678458":{"id":"678458","type":"image","title":"AdobeStock_251619893.jpeg","body":null,"created":"1761588749","gmt_created":"2025-10-27 18:12:29","changed":"1761588749","gmt_changed":"2025-10-27 18:12:29","alt":"\u0022\u0022","file":{"fid":"262482","name":"AdobeStock_251619893.jpeg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/10\/27\/AdobeStock_251619893.jpeg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/10\/27\/AdobeStock_251619893.jpeg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2193893,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/10\/27\/AdobeStock_251619893.jpeg?itok=gyDrUib-"}}},"media_ids":["678458"],"groups":[{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"686014":{"#nid":"686014","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Space Policy Lab Debuts","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA newly created lab featuring researchers from Georgia Tech\u0027s Sam Nunn School of International Affairs and Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering will focus on international coordination, sustainability, and security in outer space. The Engineering Space Policy Lab is led by led by Assistant Professor\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/thomasgr\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 title=\u0022(opens in a new window)\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThomas Gonz\u00e1lez Roberts\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E,\u003C\/strong\u003E a member of both the Nunn School and Guggenheim School faculties.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cEPSL is a policy-impact laboratory, dedicated to creating domain-informed, data-driven tools for outer space decision-makers,\u201d Roberts said. \u201cI\u2019m thrilled to be taking on this work with our world-class students here at Tech.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo learn more, read the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/featured-news\/2025\/10\/georgia-tech-engineering-space-policy-lab-debuts\u0022\u003Efull story\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe new Lab will is a collaboration of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs and the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The new Lab will is a collaboration of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs and the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering."}],"uid":"34600","created_gmt":"2025-10-27 16:23:07","changed_gmt":"2025-10-27 16:25:36","author":"mpearson34","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678455":{"id":"678455","type":"image","title":"space-satellitte-rs.jpg","body":null,"created":"1761582203","gmt_created":"2025-10-27 16:23:23","changed":"1761582203","gmt_changed":"2025-10-27 16:23:23","alt":"\u0022\u0022","file":{"fid":"262480","name":"space-satellitte-rs.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/10\/27\/space-satellitte-rs.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/10\/27\/space-satellitte-rs.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":616057,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/10\/27\/space-satellitte-rs.jpg?itok=wde08YYX"}}},"media_ids":["678455"],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:monique.waddell@gatech.edu\u0022\u003EMonique Waddell\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EDaniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["monique.waddell@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"685953":{"#nid":"685953","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Michelle Nunn and Stulberg Publish AJC Op-Ed on Georgia\u2019s \u201cGlocal\u201d Leadership in Global Development","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Nunn, president and CEO of CARE, and Adam N. Stulberg, chair of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, co-authored an op-ed in \u003Cem\u003EThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution\u003C\/em\u003E titled \u201cHere\u2019s why global development and humanitarian assistance matter to Georgia.\u201d They argue that despite declining global support for aid, Georgia\u2019s robust development sector \u2014 nearly 800 internationally focused nonprofits, including CARE and The Carter Center \u2014 drives jobs, revenue, and investment while tackling cross-border challenges.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe authors highlight the state\u2019s unique ecosystem \u2014 global air connectivity, a pro-business civic culture, a diverse workforce, and strong universities \u2014 where students learn to integrate technology, policy, and human-centered design. They contend that investing in development strengthens democracy and markets, builds resilience against extremism and displacement, and yields local benefits (e.g., applying maternal health and food-security solutions in communities across Georgia).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cSupporting global development is an investment in a safer, stronger, and more prosperous world, including here in Georgia,\u201d they write, urging state leaders to continue championing this \u201cglocal\u201d approach.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERead the full op-ed in \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ajc.com\/opinion\/2025\/10\/heres-why-global-development-and-humanitarian-assistance-matter-to-georgia\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMichelle Nunn, president and CEO of CARE, and Adam N. Stulberg, chair of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, co-authored an op-ed in \u003Cem\u003EThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution\u003C\/em\u003E titled \u201cHere\u2019s why global development and humanitarian assistance matter to Georgia.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Michelle Nunn, president and CEO of CARE, and Adam N. Stulberg, chair of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, co-authored an op-ed in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution titled \u201cHere\u2019s why global development and humanitarian assistance matter to Geo"}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2025-10-23 15:25:13","changed_gmt":"2025-10-23 15:45:20","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678435":{"id":"678435","type":"image","title":"inta-op-ed.jpg","body":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003ENonprofits like the Carter Center generate more than $3 billion in annual revenue, employ thousands of Georgians, and attract global talent, partnerships and investment. (AJC file photo)\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","created":"1761233122","gmt_created":"2025-10-23 15:25:22","changed":"1761233122","gmt_changed":"2025-10-23 15:25:22","alt":"Nonprofits like the Carter Center generate more than $3 billion in annual revenue, employ thousands of Georgians, and attract global talent, partnerships and investment. (AJC file photo)","file":{"fid":"262458","name":"inta-op-ed.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/10\/23\/inta-op-ed.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/10\/23\/inta-op-ed.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1177491,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/10\/23\/inta-op-ed.jpg?itok=1bpm8R0F"}}},"media_ids":["678435"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.ajc.com\/opinion\/2025\/10\/heres-why-global-development-and-humanitarian-assistance-matter-to-georgia\/","title":"Read This Article on AJC"}],"groups":[{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"685223":{"#nid":"685223","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Event Provides Visceral Reminder of Nuclear Threat","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EOlder Americans grew up with an early awareness of the threat of nuclear weapons, thanks to \u201cduck and cover\u201d drills in schools. But many Americans today are only vaguely aware that there are enough nuclear weapons globally to destroy the entire Earth many times over.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHosted by the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Tech Arts, and Spelman College, \u003Cem\u003Ethe bomb\u003C\/em\u003E event on Sept. 16 gave the audience an uncomfortable and unsettling front-row seat to the nuclear threat that hangs largely unnoticed over our daily lives.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe event began with \u003Cem\u003Ethe bomb\u003C\/em\u003E film, an almost hour-long film that combines disturbing and sometimes beautiful archival footage, animation, music, and text to explore the complex cultural and technological impact of nuclear weapons. The film is available streaming on Amazon, Apple TV, Tubi, Roku, and other platforms.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter the screening, there was a panel discussion with former Senator Sam Nunn, co-chairman of the Nuclear Threat Initiative; Smriti Keshari, one of \u003Cem\u003Ethe bomb\u003C\/em\u003E\u2019s creators; and Rachel Whitlark, a Georgia Tech expert on nuclear proliferation, moderated by WABE host Rose Scott.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen you look at the film you realize that basically this is God\u2019s universe at stake. It\u2019s not winning or losing a war. It\u2019s a question of whether we destroy the Earth. And that means all of us, whether we want to or not, have to pay attention to it,\u201d Nunn said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe panel discussed the need for more public debate and awareness of nuclear threats. Keshari said her team conducted informal interviews with members of the public while working on \u003Cem\u003Ethe bomb.\u003C\/em\u003E They were surprised by the number of people who thought nuclear weapons were no longer a real threat and had little knowledge of how many there were and where.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI remember when we were editing the film in Los Angeles, I would drive past the Hollywood sign and I would think \u2018instead of the Hollywood sign, what if there was just a nuclear weapon right here?\u2019 What if, instead of every single weapon being hidden underground or on a submarine, they were above and people could actually see them? We would start having a lot of strong opinions about them.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe panel discussed how AI could accelerate nuclear threats. Whitlark outlined how AI\u2019s increasingly intense use of power may ramp up demand for nuclear power across the globe.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe can very quickly get from the data needs of AI to the need to power those data centers,\u201d Whitlark said. \u201cOne of the ways we may be doing that is with nuclear energy, and with nuclear energy comes the possibility of nuclear weapons. We need to be thoughtful about that.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESpreading awareness among young people of the threat of nuclear war or accidents is particularly important, said Nunn.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt may take 20 years but if we don\u2019t do that the dangers we now see and the dangers we saw during the Cold War are going to get much, much worse with the speed of nuclear weapons, the lack of decision time, and the conflict between nuclear powers,\u201d Nunn said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe bomb exhibition runs free through Oct. 16 at the Ferst Center and includes student art and a graphic narrative on nuclear close calls.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EOlder Americans grew up with \u201cduck and cover\u201d drills, but many today are only vaguely aware that enough nuclear weapons exist to destroy Earth many times over.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Older Americans grew up with \u201cduck and cover\u201d drills, but many today are only vaguely aware that enough nuclear weapons exist to destroy Earth many times over."}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2025-09-24 15:36:38","changed_gmt":"2025-09-24 15:38:11","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-09-24T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-09-24T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"678121":{"id":"678121","type":"image","title":"bomb-crop.jpg","body":null,"created":"1758728204","gmt_created":"2025-09-24 15:36:44","changed":"1758728204","gmt_changed":"2025-09-24 15:36:44","alt":"Panelists speaking at the bomb event on Sept. 17, 2025.","file":{"fid":"262106","name":"bomb-crop.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/09\/24\/bomb-crop.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/09\/24\/bomb-crop.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":33737,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/09\/24\/bomb-crop.jpg?itok=MIFgAK-N"}}},"media_ids":["678121"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.thebombnow.com\/","title":"\u0022the bomb\u0022 Website"},{"url":"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/ondemand\/thebombfilm\/221025072?autoplay=1","title":"\u0022the bomb\u0022 Trailer"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMegan McRainey\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:megan.mcrainey@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emegan.mcrainey@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"684370":{"#nid":"684370","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Event and Exhibit Share Unsettling, Immersive Look at Nuclear Threat","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Tech Arts, and Spelman College invite you to experience \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.thebombnow.com\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ethe bomb\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, a critically acclaimed immersive film, music, and art installation that puts viewers in the center of the story of nuclear weapons.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECombining archival footage, animation, music, and text, \u003Cem\u003Ethe bomb\u003C\/em\u003E offers a visceral, non-linear, and unsettling experience, taking audiences inside the complex cultural and technological realm of nuclear weapons.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe installation will kick off its run at Georgia Tech with a screening of \u003Cem\u003Ethe bomb\u003C\/em\u003E film Sept. 16 at 6:30 p.m. at the Ferst Center for the Arts. The screening will include a discussion moderated by WABE host Rose Scott with special guest Senator Sam Nunn, a global leader in nuclear threat reduction and a Distinguished Professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, and the film\u2019s creators.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe conversation will delve into the film\u2019s themes, the urgent relevance of nuclear disarmament today, and how art and keenly crafted policy, in tandem, can provoke change.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter the kick-off event, the bomb exhibit will run until Oct. 16 at the Ferst Center of the Arts. Throughout the duration of the exhibition, the Sam Nunn School will host a series of other panels and guest lectures themed around various aspects of this topic. Links to those events already announced can be found below and stay tuned for more:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/events\/item\/683847\/reassessing-nuclear-proliferation-global-disarray\u0022\u003E9\/17 - Reassessing Nuclear Proliferation in an Era of Global Disarray\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/events\/item\/683760\/what-future-nuclear\u0022\u003E9\/17 - What is the Future of Nuclear?\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe exhibit launched at Princeton University in Fall 2024 and has made its way to University of British Columbia, University of Denver, and University of New Mexico. It now arrives at Georgia Tech. Our version of the exhibit also features a powerful graphic narrative of a nuclear close call produced by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey alongside submitted student art that focuses on what the theme \u201cactivism through art\u201d means to them.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELive performances of the bomb were staged at the Tribeca Film Festival, the Berlin Film Festival, the Glastonbury Festival, the Sydney Festival, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremonies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERegister: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/arts.gatech.edu\/event\/georgia-tech-arts-presents-bomb-symposium\u0022 id=\u0022menur34v\u0022 rel=\u0022noreferrer noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 title=\u0022https:\/\/arts.gatech.edu\/event\/georgia-tech-arts-presents-bomb-symposium\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/arts.gatech.edu\/event\/georgia-tech-arts-presents-bomb-symposium\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Tech Arts, and Spelman College invite you to experience \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.thebombnow.com\/\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ethe bomb\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E, a critically acclaimed immersive film, music, and art installation that puts viewers in the center of the story of nuclear weapons.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Tech Arts, and Spelman College invite you to experience the bomb, a critically acclaimed immersive film, music, and art installation that puts viewers in the center of the story of nuclear weapons."}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2025-09-03 15:47:04","changed_gmt":"2025-09-18 13:13:13","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-09-03T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-09-03T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"677882":{"id":"677882","type":"image","title":"bomb.jpg","body":null,"created":"1756914474","gmt_created":"2025-09-03 15:47:54","changed":"1756914474","gmt_changed":"2025-09-03 15:47:54","alt":"bomb installation","file":{"fid":"261834","name":"bomb.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/09\/03\/bomb.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/09\/03\/bomb.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":891294,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/09\/03\/bomb.jpg?itok=G5IObYiW"}}},"media_ids":["677882"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.thebombnow.com","title":"\u0022the bomb\u0022 Website"},{"url":"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/ondemand\/thebombfilm\/221025072?autoplay=1","title":"\u0022the bomb\u0022 Trailer"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71901","name":"Society and Culture"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"684000":{"#nid":"684000","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Meet the Ivan Allen College\u0027s Newest Faculty Members","body":"","field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts attracts some of the best minds in the social sciences and humanities, scholars and practitioners eager to further Georgia Tech\u0027s mission of educating leaders who advance technology and improve the human condition. Our newest faculty members are no exception.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis year, we are proud to welcome 13 tenured or tenure-track faculty, 21 non-tenure-track faculty, \u0026nbsp;including Marion L. Brittain Postdoctoral Fellows and new cadre members in our ROTC programs, four research faculty, and 11 visiting faculty.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"This year, we are proud to welcome 13 tenured or tenure-track faculty, 21 non-tenure-track faculty,  including Marion L. Brittain Postdoctoral Fellows and new cadre members in our ROTC programs, four research faculty, and 11 visiting faculty."}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2025-08-20 17:40:22","changed_gmt":"2025-08-20 17:41:31","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-08-20T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-08-20T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"677750":{"id":"677750","type":"image","title":"new-faculty-16x9-2025.jpg","body":null,"created":"1755711675","gmt_created":"2025-08-20 17:41:15","changed":"1755711675","gmt_changed":"2025-08-20 17:41:15","alt":"Savant Building exterior","file":{"fid":"261685","name":"new-faculty-16x9-2025.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/08\/20\/new-faculty-16x9-2025.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/08\/20\/new-faculty-16x9-2025.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1571254,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/08\/20\/new-faculty-16x9-2025.jpg?itok=ddwNcFKh"}}},"media_ids":["677750"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/features.iac.gatech.edu\/iac-new-faculty-2025","title":"Read Now"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"id":"1282","name":"School of Economics"},{"id":"1288","name":"School of History and Sociology"},{"id":"1283","name":"School of Literature, Media, and Communication"},{"id":"1284","name":"School of Modern Languages"},{"id":"1289","name":"School of Public Policy"},{"id":"491031","name":"Writing and Communication Program"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"683380":{"#nid":"683380","#data":{"type":"news","title":" The United States Should Act Now to Mitigate Conflict Escalation on the Moon","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EOn June 25, 2024, China\u2019s Chang\u2019e 6 mission safely \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.cnsa.gov.cn\/english\/n6465652\/n6465653\/c10573102\/content.html\u0022\u003Ereturned\u003C\/a\u003E to Earth, becoming the first mission in the world to retrieve lunar samples from the far side of the moon. This feat represents one of \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/moon\/missions\/?utm_source\u0022\u003Emany\u003C\/a\u003E national and commercial efforts targeting the Lunar South Pole to explore a region that is believed to be rich in water ice, receives high levels of sunlight, and which may contain other strategically valuable rare earth materials such as titanium, aluminum, iron, and magnesium. As such, the Chang\u2019e 6 mission represents the first of what will likely be many future missions.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECountries and companies seek to gain access to what is increasingly viewed as prime real estate for future space operations that may enable future scientific discovery and allow for significant commercial gain. However, this increase of lunar activities may very well spark an international crisis due to the absence of clearly defined rules and norms related to the moon. As more state actors and private firms develop plans and capabilities to establish a presence on the moon, the window for addressing these challenges prior to a crisis is closing. The United States and its allies should seek to engage China, Russia, and other spacefaring nations in an inclusive dialogue and put procedures in place to share information on potential norms and best practices, technical criteria, mechanisms, and procedures for engaging in lunar activities. This dialogue should incorporate information and experience from commercial actors involved in lunar activity, and it should remain flexible as we continue to learn about the lunar environment.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile China\u2019s Chang\u2019e 6 is remarkable for its scientific value, this mission also carries with it a reminder of the looming challenges surrounding geopolitical competition in lunar space. This competition raises a host of questions: Who can use and claim ownership to lunar resources? What rules and procedures should be established to avoid armed conflict between spacefaring actors? The answers to the questions have clear policy implications. Without a clear legal framework or norms, competition among commercial and national actors could trigger conflict in and among spacefaring actors.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStress-Testing the Existing Space Governance Framework\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo explore these critical issues \u2014 together with our colleagues \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/sais.jhu.edu\/users\/sbenitz1\u0022\u003ESvetla Ben Itzhak\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/sais.jhu.edu\/users\/gmille76\u0022\u003EGregory Miller\u003C\/a\u003E, and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/nps.edu\/web\/nsa\/academic-associates\/-\/asset_publisher\/cgpPhnsihAMC\/content\/professor\u0022\u003EJames Clay Moltz\u003C\/a\u003E \u2014 we led a tabletop exercise that envisioned a plausible crisis in 2029. This exercise, which included American regional and space experts with non-governmental and government experience, presented the following scenario: An Indian private company, Chandra Ltd., lands near Shackleton Crater and declares a 50-kilometer \u201csafety zone\u201d around its operations. This exercise was designed to intentionally invoke the language of \u201csafety zones\u201d articulated in the U.S.-led \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Artemis-Accords-signed-13Oct2020.pdf?emrc=687e9293ec22f\u0022\u003EArtemis Accords\u003C\/a\u003E, and which has been criticized by both Russia and China. Moreover, the exercise introduced a twist: By using a fictional Indian space company, it became clear that the language of the Artemis Accords created challenges not only for China and Russia but also for the United States. In the scenario, two other commercial entities, one American and one Chinese, had previously announced plans to land in the same region that had been covered within the Indian space company\u2019s designated safety zone.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis fictional crisis was designed to stress-test the existing space governance framework and examine how a multi-stakeholder environment might respond. What we found was instructive: Clear rules did not emerge from the crisis. Instead, the focus was on the \u003Cem\u003Eprocess\u003C\/em\u003E of developing rules that were inclusive, fair, and adaptable. Moreover, the exercise raised important questions about the role of private actors in shaping lunar governance and suggested the importance of third parties with greater perceived neutrality in developing guidelines for preventing future conflict. More broadly, these findings suggest, as we highlight in our \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0265964625000244\u0022\u003Erecent paper\u003C\/a\u003E, that while there is flexibility and willingness to cooperate on developing a new lunar governance framework, states might not yet have well-formed views for negotiations. States are just learning about this evolving environment in which the strength of the norms around governance is unclear.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Heart of the Matter: Safety Zones in a Legal Gray Area\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Artemis Accords, a non-binding set of principles developed by the United States and its partners and signed by over 50 countries to enhance the governance of civil exploration and the use of outer space, encourage the use of safety zones to promote transparency and reduce the risk of harmful interference with the activities of other actors. However, the accords do not specify the process of how to use a safety zone or how even to define one, beyond general guidance to leverage commonly accepted scientific and engineering principles. The concept of safety zones has proved controversial to other major spacefaring actors such as China and Russia, with some Chinese analysts \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/09\/what-does-china-think-about-nasas-artemis-accords\/\u0022\u003Echaracterizing\u003C\/a\u003E it as a form of colonization and Roscosmos director Gen. Dmitry Rogozin likening it to the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/5\/15\/21259946\/nasa-artemis-accords-lunar-exploration-moon-outer-space-treaty\u0022\u003EU.S. invasion of Iraq\u003C\/a\u003E. Hyperbole aside, the contention is that a country could make \u003Cem\u003Ede facto\u003C\/em\u003E territorial claims, restricting the access of other actors to strategically valuable sites, under the guise of safeguarding scientific operations. At an even more fundamental level, the foundational \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/oosa\/en\/ourwork\/spacelaw\/treaties\/introouterspacetreaty.html\u0022\u003EOuter Space Treaty\u003C\/a\u003E, upon which the Artemis Accords is grounded, requires parties to avoid \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/03\/autonomy-has-outpaced-international-space-law\/\u0022\u003Eharmful interference\u003C\/a\u003E with others\u2019 activities and leaves key terms such as \u201cdue regard\u201d undefined.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis ambiguity leaves room for diverging interpretations. In our scenario, the U.S. team, which was divided into military and civil-commercial teams, viewed the safety zone as a useful, albeit imperfect, deconfliction tool. The U.S. team, however, worried that overly broad or unilateral declarations could amount to \u003Cem\u003Ede facto\u003C\/em\u003E territorial claims, thereby undermining the Outer Space Treaty. Participants representing India defended the declaration as a necessary operational step, arguing it was technical in nature and consistent with international norms. They asserted that Chandra Ltd.\u2019s actions reinforced the Artemis Accords. In sharp contrast, the Chinese and Russian teams rejected the safety zone, arguing that such claims lack legal standing subject to review within an inclusive international environment and body. This position adopted in a fictional tabletop exercise mirrors Russia and China\u2019s real-world \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.lawfaremedia.org\/article\/artemis-accords-step-toward-international-cooperation-or-further-competition\u0022\u003Eopposition\u003C\/a\u003E to the Artemis Accords. In the exercise, the Russian and Chinese teams were concerned not just about the size of the zone but about the precedent it set and the absence of a multilateral process to govern it. They saw Chandra Ltd.\u2019s actions as an example of how a commercial company could exploit a governance structure to benefit the United States.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECommercial Actors at the Forefront \u2014 and Under Scrutiny\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe exercise also shed light on challenges surrounding the role of private actors in lunar governance. While participants playing the roles of American and Indian representatives tended to see commercial actors as essential stakeholders \u2014 capable, innovative, and already embedded in state policy \u2014 the Chinese and Russian teams rejected their authority to establish operational norms. For them, the notion that a private company could constrain the activities of other states or companies, even under the guise of safety, was both legally and politically unacceptable.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs private missions increase in number and complexity, and as governments rely on commercial partners to achieve national objectives, this legal gray zone is becoming increasingly muddled and unstable. This reflects not only the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/spacenews.com\/spacex-launch-surge-helps-set-new-global-launch-record-in-2024\/#:~:text=record%20in%202024-,SpaceX%20launch%20surge%20helps%20set%20new%20global%20launch%20record%20in,Space%20Force%20Base%20in%20California.\u0022\u003Eexponential growth role of the commercial sector\u003C\/a\u003E, which now accounts for the most launches worldwide, led by SpaceX, but also a broader challenge in the evolving field of space law. Under Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty, states are responsible for the activities of non-governmental entities. However, the treaty does not define the scope of that supervision or what constitutes adequate authorization and continuing oversight. Geopolitical competition among the United States, Russia, and China raises the stakes even further. At a broader level, Russian President Vladimir Putin\u2019s opposition and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/russia-threatens-target-commercial-satellites\u0022\u003Ethreats\u003C\/a\u003E to Starlink\u2019s operation in Ukraine was one of the first major events to question the relationship between commercial actors and national assets, raising questions about whether a country could be held responsible for the actions taken by private companies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne of the most important findings from the tabletop exercise was that absent shared procedures, space norms will be shaped by precedent rather than principle. In world politics, there is no central authority to enforce law and thus compliance is more closely related to the costs of defying power, politics, and peer pressure. These dynamics form the basis of customary international law and mean that states will oppose a behavior that could establish legal norms unfavorable to their interests. Thus, if activities that become precedent contradict principle and go unchallenged, these activities can redefine what is considered lawful.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe exercise also exposed a political dimension to commercial activity: It matters \u003Cem\u003Ewho\u003C\/em\u003E makes the first move. The outcome of this exercise may have been very different, as many participants acknowledged, if the declarant had been a U.S., Russian, or Chinese company. India\u2019s perceived status as a relatively neutral space actor muted some reactions, as the only major competitor represented was China.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETakeaways\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOur exercise serves as a cautionary tale: The United States and other leading spacefaring nations should create mechanisms and procedures in real time to avoid conflict and escalation. The tabletop exercise highlighted the importance of developing widely accepted technical criteria for safety zones and establishing both national and international procedures for proposing, deconflicting, and registering them. Preventing conflict related to activities on the moon will depend on the perceived legitimacy of these procedures. Stakeholders could create these procedures under the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/oosa\/en\/ourwork\/copuos\/index.html\u0022\u003EU.N. Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space\u003C\/a\u003E working groups or another neutral forum to define the operational parameters of safety zones, including size, duration, purpose, and notification protocols. Another proposal was for an international registry of lunar activities, including planned landings, infrastructure, and declared zones \u2014 akin to how the International Telecommunication Union \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/mediacentre\/backgrounders\/Pages\/Regulation-of-Satellite-Systems.aspx\u0022\u003Emanages\u003C\/a\u003E orbital slots and spectrum. These are issues that could potentially be considered within the Action Team for Lunar Activities Consultation formed earlier this year within the U.N. Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENotably, many participants supported a phased approach to lunar governance: First, encourage consensus among like-minded actors (such as Artemis Accords signatories), and second, broaden the dialogue to include states outside that coalition. In our exercise, participants identified the United Arab Emirates as a promising convening power, able to host discussions with both developing and major spacefaring nations. This suggestion is similar to calls from other \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/07\/the-fragility-of-u-s-spacepower-in-a-multipolar-world\/\u0022\u003Eanalysts\u003C\/a\u003E for the United States to partner with \u201ccapable mid-tier partners\u201d that are increasingly influential players in space.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOur exercise reinforced an important lesson. The perceived legitimacy of rules in space, as on Earth, is tied to the perceived fairness and transparency of the procedures used to create them. With no agreed-upon process for resolving lunar conflicts, underlying mistrust can exacerbate tensions between great powers with advanced space programs and those countries with developing space programs. The need for a rules-based order that also integrates commercial entities has never been higher. One such venue could be the U.N. Office for Outer Space Affairs \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/oosa\/en\/ourwork\/copuos\/atlac\/index.html\u0022\u003EAction Team on Lunar Activities Consultation\u003C\/a\u003E. This \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.thespacereview.com\/article\/4953\/1\u0022\u003EAction Team\u003C\/a\u003E could be a useful venue as it allows for information sharing and expert level input, including the perspectives of a range of public and private stakeholders, under the auspices of the United Nations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith increasing activity at the Lunar South Pole, the window for building this process is closing. If international governance procedures are not in place, we will be left to manage conflict with less credibility and fewer tools.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMariel Borowitz, Ph.D. is an associate professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at the\u0026nbsp;Georgia Institute of Technology, director of the Georgia Tech Center for Space Policy and International Relations, and head of the Nunn School Program on International Affairs, Science, and Technology.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELincoln Hines, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is also a faculty affiliate at the Nunn School\u2019s Center for Space Policy and International Relations and a 2025\u20132026 Wilson China Fellow at the Wilson Center.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELawrence Rubin, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology and an associate fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EImage: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2023\/Dec\/29\/2003366659\/-1\/-1\/1\/231229-F-AF999-8083.JPG\u0022\u003EU.S. Space Force\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis article is republished from \u003C\/em\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 title=\u0022(opens in a new window)\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWar on the Rocks\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cem\u003E. Read the \u003C\/em\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/07\/what-a-fictional-crisis-reveals-about-real-gaps-in-space-governance\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 title=\u0022(opens in a new window)\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003Eoriginal article\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech experts explore the growing geopolitical risks of lunar activity and call for clearer international norms to prevent conflict on the moon.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech experts explore the growing geopolitical risks of lunar activity and call for clearer international norms to prevent conflict on the moon."}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2025-07-30 14:27:10","changed_gmt":"2025-07-30 14:34:01","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-07-30T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-07-30T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"677528":{"id":"677528","type":"image","title":"space-article.jpg","body":"\u003Cp\u003EPowered by 27 Merlin engines, generating more than five million pounds of combined thrust, a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket lifts off from Launch Complex (LC)-39A at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center, Dec. 28, 2023 at 8:07 p.m. EST, carrying the U.S. Space Force (USSF)-52 mission into Earth orbit. (Image Credit: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2023\/Dec\/29\/2003366659\/-1\/-1\/1\/231229-F-AF999-8083.JPG\u0022\u003EU.S. Space Force)\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1753885637","gmt_created":"2025-07-30 14:27:17","changed":"1753886110","gmt_changed":"2025-07-30 14:35:10","alt":"Powered by 27 Merlin engines, generating more than five million pounds of combined thrust, a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket lifts off from Launch Complex (LC)-39A at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center, Dec. 28, 2023 at 8:07 p.m. EST, carrying the U.S. Space Force (USSF)-52 mission into Earth orbit. The Falcon Heavy carried the seventh mission of the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle, which is an experimental test program to demonstrate technologies for a reliable, reusable, unmanned space test platform for the USSF.","file":{"fid":"261436","name":"space-article.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/07\/30\/space-article.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/07\/30\/space-article.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":777347,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/07\/30\/space-article.jpg?itok=HZxcJtzh"}}},"media_ids":["677528"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/07\/what-a-fictional-crisis-reveals-about-real-gaps-in-space-governance\/","title":"Read This Article on War on the Rocks"}],"groups":[{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"193657","name":"Space Research Initiative"}],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAuthors:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/mariel-borowitz\u0022\u003EMariel Borowitz\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/Lincoln-Hines\u0022\u003ELincoln Hines\u003C\/a\u003E, and \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/inta.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/lawrence-rubin\u0022\u003ELawrence Rubin\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Contact:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/iac.gatech.edu\/people\/person\/michael-pearson\u0022\u003EMichael Pearson\u003C\/a\u003E, Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"682781":{"#nid":"682781","#data":{"type":"news","title":"An Interview with Former Sen. Sam Nunn","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EInternational Affairs student Matthew Rakestraw had the opportunity to sit down with former U.S. Sen. Sam Nunn of Georgia, the namesake of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, to discuss the world today. Their conversation has been edited for length and clarity.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EQ: If you were in the Senate today, how would you do your job in a political climate so divided and polarized as ours?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESen. Nunn: It would be a lot more difficult in today\u2019s atmosphere than when I was there. We approached it more on the issue itself and wrestling with that issue, seeing where we could agree and not agree. That would still be my approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI think the strength of the committee system has eroded. Things today get kicked up to the leadership level, whether it\u2019s the healthcare bill or whether it\u2019s some other major legislation. And the committees don\u2019t serve as strong a function. They are still important, but if I were there, I would really be trying to strengthen the committees. Committees should be looked at more as how you build coalitions to pass meaningful legislation for the benefit of the people.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EQ: How has the United States\u0027 engagement in NATO changed since the start of the second Trump administration?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENunn: The world situation and the risks, particularly the nuclear risks, have gone up very significantly. Unfortunately, because of the comments of the Trump administration about whether we would come to the rescue if there was an invasion involving NATO members and raising doubts in the minds of Europeans in that regard, there is certainly for the first time in several decades discussion about how they become more independent of America.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThey certainly need to be much stronger than they are, and I totally agree with the Trump administration\u2019s efforts to get the Europeans to step up more to the plate themselves. But I would not do it by raising the whole question of whether Article 5 still applies. That is the heart of the alliance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EQ: President Trump has decided that tariffs on imports will be a key economic and political lever in his second term. How will these tariffs impact America\u0027s trading relationships with our closest allies?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;Nunn: The tariffs have come about not just on economic matters, but also on drug matters and on immigration matters. Which makes it much more difficult, because tariffs are really taxes.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMexico and Canada are good neighbors. We have immigration problems from the south and no doubt that\u2019s a serious problem. Cooperation on the immigration question depends on strengthening the countries to the south, not just Mexico, but the countries to the south of Mexico. I think we need a whole review of our policy and how the whole region can work together to greatly strengthen those countries in terms of their prosperity, their economic viability, and their governance so that we will not have such a major part of the populations of those countries trying to get to our own country.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe strangest thing of all to me is the Republican Party has always championed lower tax rates because they knew that was important to economic growth. Sometimes they may take it too far, but nevertheless that has been a historic Republican Party position. This is the largest global tax increase, including tax on American citizens, we have seen in many, many years.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI would hope President Trump would develop a win-win type approach and that China would do likewise. When you have an approach that for you to win, your counterpart has to lose, it means it is extremely difficult to get any kind of lasting agreement.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EQ: Farmers are concerned with how tariffs will impact their markets and their ability to plan for future crops. What should Georgia farmers expect to come their way as President Trump\u0027s tariffs are levied?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENunn: I think Georgia farmers are going to get hurt like all the other farmers in the country who need markets abroad. It depends on the crop as to how much we sell abroad and how important that market is, but most Georgia crops depend on customers, not just in our own country and our own region, but customers abroad.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EI think that is true with everything from blueberries to pecans to the meat industry. We depend on other states, and we depend on other regions of the country, and other regions of the world. Agriculture has a huge stake in global trade.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EQ: The Democratic Party suffered a bitter defeat in November. What changes do you think the party should make to regain the trust of the American people?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENunn: The perception is the Democratic Party has moved too far left. Whether that is entirely accurate or not can certainly be debated. One of the things Democrats have to recognize is the further left the Democratic Party is perceived to be, the more right the Republican Party is likely to be.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EQ: What advice do you have for internationally minded students who want to make the world a better place?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENunn: I think studying history is a hugely important building block for diplomacy, for international relationships, and for the international business side of the economy.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ESen. Nunn spoke with undergraduate international affairs student Matthew Rakestraw on a number of global issues.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Sen. Nunn spoke with undergraduate international affairs student Matthew Rakestraw on a number of global issues."}],"uid":"34600","created_gmt":"2025-06-12 20:58:04","changed_gmt":"2025-06-12 21:01:16","author":"mpearson34","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-06-12T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-06-12T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"677226":{"id":"677226","type":"image","title":"sam-nunn-gtdc-169b.JPG","body":"\u003Cp\u003ESen. Sam Nunn, the namesake of the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, spoke to International Affairs undergraduate student Matthew Rakestraw about a variety of global issues.\u003C\/p\u003E","created":"1749761943","gmt_created":"2025-06-12 20:59:03","changed":"1749761943","gmt_changed":"2025-06-12 20:59:03","alt":"Sen. Sam Nunn stands at a lectern and speakers to an audience","file":{"fid":"261107","name":"sam-nunn-gtdc-169b.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/06\/12\/sam-nunn-gtdc-169b.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/06\/12\/sam-nunn-gtdc-169b.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":536256,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/06\/12\/sam-nunn-gtdc-169b.JPG?itok=JxTVTnOU"}}},"media_ids":["677226"],"groups":[{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EMichael Pearson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EIvan Allen College of Liberal Arts\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["michael.pearson@iac.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"682622":{"#nid":"682622","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Strategic Interactions: Amanda Murdie Brings Her Expertise in Building Connections as New Dean","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAmanda Murdie is a believer in the power of culture and context. Without them, it\u2019s difficult for almost any endeavor \u2014 be it diplomatic, technological, or artistic \u2014 to succeed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMurdie, the new dean of the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts and an expert in international relations, also has extensively studied game theory and finds it incredibly relevant to her work in human rights and human security. Typically defined as the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions, game theory relies on understanding distinctively non-mathematical factors like psychology and cultural norms.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cTo make a good game theory model, you have to understand the motivations of individuals, and you can\u0027t understand those motivations from only the sciences. You really need the humanistic side,\u201d Murdie says. \u201cIf you\u0027re going to do anything as a game theorist, you must understand how humans function, and that\u0027s more than just the natural sciences or the social sciences. It\u2019s inherently interdisciplinary.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe liberal arts provide that understanding not just in game theory but in any discipline, says Murdie. \u201cLiberal arts are the lifeline through which all other knowledge flows,\u201d she says.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EInterdisciplinary Lens\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMurdie\u2019s background in human rights gave her an early appreciation of how many research areas outside of international relations play a key role in improving lives worldwide.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cComing from a human rights tradition, you always start with an interdisciplinary lens,\u201d she says.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMurdie\u2019s training and research have included a wide range of students, professors, and collaborators \u2014 from economics, law, history, sociology, business, statistics, and more. She says human rights and international affairs are not at all unique in demanding an interdisciplinary approach. Solving any complex problem requires knowledge of many direct and indirect factors.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo connect the dots, you need collaborators from a range of disciplines. And to trust and work with collaborators from each discipline, you need at least a basic, working level of knowledge about it, says Murdie.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cHow do you respect someone else\u0027s method of inquiry and someone else\u0027s method of creation? That\u0027s something universities don\u0027t train students well for unless there\u2019s a truly interdisciplinary focus,\u201d she says.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EIvan Allen Advantage\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhether someone is launching a business, creating a new technology, or negotiating a treaty, connecting the dots is crucial to innovation, as well as staying more than a few steps ahead of AI and automation. The Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts is perfectly positioned to make more of those connections as a liberal arts hub embedded within an institute making the latest breakthroughs in engineering, computing, and sciences, says Murdie, who joined Georgia Tech from the University of Georgia. She calls it the \u201cIvan Allen Advantage.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI think the Ivan Allen Advantage goes in two directions. I think in one direction, our advantage for all Tech students is that they need that liberal arts training in order to be better communicators and actually think about humanity and how technology can be used,\u201d Murdie says. \u201cAnd I think the Ivan Allen Advantage also is for those of us who are passionate about the liberal arts, who want to focus on the human condition. Doing so in an environment that is tech-informed leads to better student outcomes.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe College is also well positioned (as a connector of dots) to channel faculty and student research expertise toward solving problems and improving lives, Murdie says. The Center for Advanced Communications Policy (CACP) and Center for Urban Research represent excellent examples of how the liberal arts can act as a hub and facilitator for tackling complex challenges, she adds.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ETraining for the Future\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs AI and other technologies accelerate changes in nearly every aspect of our lives, the ability to be creative, lead complex teams, solve problems, and connect with others has never been more important. What better way to master those skills than to enhance your education with the study of literature, languages, history, and culture? Murdie asks.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u0027re going to build the liberal arts into what it should be \u2014 the best place for people to get training for the future. But that training needs to be informed by technology, and it needs to be informed by the deep understanding of AI and machine learning,\u201d Murdie says.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIf you\u2019re an engineer who can\u0027t write or express ideas clearly, it\u0027s easier for your job to be taken by AI. It\u0027s our ability to be human that keeps us in the game.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":"","format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAmanda Murdie, Dean of the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts, is an expert in international relations and game theory \u2014 skills she plans to use to foster strategic connections for liberal arts education and research at Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Amanda Murdie, Dean of the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts, is an expert in international relations and game theory \u2014 skills she plans to use to foster strategic connections for liberal arts education and research at Georgia Tech."}],"uid":"36009","created_gmt":"2025-06-02 12:54:28","changed_gmt":"2025-06-02 14:37:30","author":"cwhittle9","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","location":"Atlanta, GA","dateline":{"date":"2025-06-02T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2025-06-02T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"677165":{"id":"677165","type":"image","title":"amanda-murdie-profile.png","body":null,"created":"1748868879","gmt_created":"2025-06-02 12:54:39","changed":"1748868879","gmt_changed":"2025-06-02 12:54:39","alt":"Amanda Murdie Headshot","file":{"fid":"261036","name":"amanda-murdie-profile.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/06\/02\/amanda-murdie-profile.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\/06\/02\/amanda-murdie-profile.png","mime":"image\/png","size":3040300,"path_740":"http:\/\/hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/2025\/06\/02\/amanda-murdie-profile.png?itok=bS8nebeK"}}},"media_ids":["677165"],"related_links":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/news\/2025\/01\/07\/amanda-murdie-named-dean-georgia-techs-ivan-allen-college-liberal-arts","title":"Amanda Murdie Named Dean of Georgia Tech\u0027s Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"}],"groups":[{"id":"1281","name":"Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts"},{"id":"1285","name":"Sam Nunn School of International Affairs"},{"id":"1282","name":"School of Economics"},{"id":"1288","name":"School of History and Sociology"},{"id":"1283","name":"School of Literature, Media, and Communication"},{"id":"1284","name":"School of Modern Languages"},{"id":"1289","name":"School of Public Policy"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMegan McRainey\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:megan.mcrainey@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emegan.mcrainey@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}